HOA 


THE    RECORD 


SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY, 


1861-65. 


BY   ALONZO   H.    QUINT, 

, 

ITS     CHAPLAIN. 


BOSTON: 
JAMES     P.     WALKER. 

1867. 


£513 


."5 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1867, 

BY   JAMES   P.    WALKER, 
In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  District  of  Massachusetts. 


Cambridge :  Press  of  John  Wilson  and  Son. 


TO 


S*r0nir  gfesarjjusttis  Jnfanfrg 

THE     MEMORY     OF     ITS     DEAD, 

AND 

THE    FUTURE     OF    ITS     LIVING. 


PREFACE. 


COUNTING  it  the .  honor  of  my  life  to  have  been  the 
Chaplain  of  the  Second  Massachusetts  Infantry,  the 
preparation  of  this  record  has  been  no  less  a  work  of 
love  than  of  duty. 

My  own  full  notes,  compared  with,  and  completed 
by,  the  note-books  of  officers  and  enlisted  men,  were 
its  basis.  I  have  also  carefully  studied  all  the  various 
rolls,  books,  and  reports  of  the  regiment  and  of  com 
panies  ;  the  full  papers  preserved  by  Brevet  Major-Gen 
eral  Gordon  ;  private  letters,  and  letters  in  newspapers  ; 
official  reports  of  generals,  the  Report  of  the  Committee 
on  the  Conduct  of  the  War,  and  the  State  papers  ; 
special  histories  of  campaigns  and  biographies,  as  well 
as  rebel  histories,  biographies,  and  official  reports.  In 
addition  to  the  thanks  due  to  Adjutant  J.  A.  Fox  and 
others  of  the  regiment,  I  acknowledge  my  obligations 
to  the  officials  in  the  Adjutant-General's  office,  for  the 
kindest  facilities  in  the  examination  of  their  excellent 
records. 

The  engraved  portraits  have,  generally,  been  fur 
nished  by  friends. 


VI  PREFACE. 

I  have  described  general  movements  only  sufficiently 
to  specify  the  share  of  the  Second.  ,  I  have  not  criti 
cised  military  operations.  I  was  not  a  military  man. 
I  pretend  to  no  knowledge  of  strategy  or  tactics. 

If  I  have  been  silent  as  to  the  gallant  deeds  of  par 
ticular  men,  it  was  because  I  remembered  the  reply  of  a 
commander,  in  1863,  to  a  request  for  the  names  of 
men  deserving  medals  :  "  Where  all  are  meritorious,  to 
mention  some  is  to  do  injustice  to  the  remainder." 

"  This  regiment,"  wrote  General  Hooker,  in  1864, 
"  as  is  known  to  two  armies,  has  no  superior."  Yet 
to  indulge  in  praise  seemed  to  me  not  only  needless, 
but  contrary  to  that  spirit  which  refused  to  put  the 
names  of  battles  upon  its  colors. 

I  have  been  painfully  convinced  that  it  is  impossible 
to  record  the  history  of  a  regiment.  The  narrative 
lacks  the  living  experiences.  But  this  record  is  made 
for  men  to  whom  every  date  is  a  scene,  and  every  name 
a  comrade  ;  for  widows  and  orphans,  and  for  childless 
parents.  Their  experiences  will  fill  up  the  outline. 
Myself  sadly  dissatisfied  with  the  result  of  unsparing 
labor,  yet  I  trust  that  the  men  of  the  Second  —  from 
no  one  of  whom,  in  the  discharge  of  my  own  delicate 
duties,  did  I  ever  receive  a  discourtesy — will  appre 
ciate  the  purpose,  and  be  indulgent  to  the  defects,  of 

this  work. 

A.  H.  Q. 

NEW  BEDFORD,  MASS. 


CONTENTS. 


THE   HISTORY. 

PAGE 

I.     THE  BEGINNING 1 

II.     CAMP  ANDREW 14 

III.  •  PATTERSON'S  CAMPAIGN 33 

IV.  WATCHING  THE  RIVER 43 

V.     THE  FIRST  WINTER 60 

VI.     THE  SPRING  CAMPAIGN  .     .     .     . 67 

VII.     BANKS'S  RETREAT 80 

VIII.     GENERAL  POPE 96 

IX.     CEDAR  MOUNTAIN 104 

X.     POPE'S  RETREAT 119 

XI.     ANTIETAM 128 

XII.     THE  WINTER 143 

XIII.  CHANCELLORS  VILLE 156 

XIV.  FROM  BEVERLY  FORD  TO  GETTYSBURG     .     .     .  175 

XV.      JOURNEYINGS 185 

XVI.       UP   AND    DOWN    THE   RAILWAY 195 

XVII.     HOME  AND  BACK 204 

XVIII.     FOR  ATLANTA 219 

XIX.     To  THE  SEA      .  * 244 

XX.     THROUGH  THE  CAROLINAS 256 

XXI.     NORTHWARD 275 

XXII.  THE  END  288 


Vlll  CONTENTS. 


THE   MEN. 

I.     THE  ENLISTED  MEN,  First  Term 295 

Second  Term 431 

,,             ,,              ,,       Non-commissioned  Staff      .     .  472 

II.     COMMISSIONED  OFFICERS 475 

III.  FIELD  AND  STAFF 509 

IV.  THE  COLORS  AND  THEIR  BEARERS 511 

V.     THE  BAND 513 

VI.     TABLES:  Nativities 515 

,,         Casualties  in  Action 517 

,,         The  Enlisted  Men  Accounted  For       .     .     .  520 

,,         Commissioned  Officers  Accounted  For     .     .  522 

,,         Summary 522 


ADDITIONS  AND  CORRECTIONS 523 

INDEX.  ....    525 


ENGRAVINGS. 

GEORGE  H.  GORDON opposite  title-page. 

EDWARD  GARDINER  ABBOTT opposite  p.  14 

GEORGE  L.  ANDREWS 84 

RICHARD  GARY 117 

WILDER  1) WIGHT #  .     •     139 

JAMES  SAVAGE,  JUN 148 

CHARLES  REDINGTON  MUDGE 181 

WILLIAM  COGSWELL * 256 

ALONZO  HALL  QUINT 480 

WILLIAM  BLACKSTONE  WILLIAMS 488 

THOMAS  BAYLEY  Fox,  JUN 501 


SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS   INFANTRY. 


SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 


HISTORY. 


I. 

THE   BEGINNING. 

t 

ON  Saturday,  the  13th  day  of  April,  1861,  tidings 
of  the  attack  upon  Fort  Sumter  came  to  Boston. 
On  that  day,  E.  R.  Mudge,  R.  S.  Fay,  jun.,  Greely 
S.  Curtis,  A.  B.  Underwood,  and  others,  were  in  con 
sultation  with  George  H.  Gordon,  an  educated  and 
experienced  soldier.  "You  must  give  up  every  thing 
now,"  said  Major  Gordon,  addressing  Mr.  Under 
wood, —  "and  prepare  for  the  war.  Get  men  ready. 
Go  to  drilling.  Get  yourself  ready,  and  give  up  every 
thing  else." 

Major  Gordon  had  already  fully  considered  the  sub 
ject.  He  had  early  foreseen  the  great  troubles  which 
were  to  come  upon  the  nation,  and  advocated  prepara 
tion.  His  military  knowledge  had  given  him  a  promi 
nent  position  in  the  consultations  held  at  the  State 
House.  His  advice  had  been  sought,  and  largely  fol 
lowed,  in  the  organization  of  the  militia  for  active 
service ;  which  enabled  the  governor  to  send,  upon  a 
few  hours'  notice,  the  earliest  regiments  to  the  defence 

1 


SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

of  the  national  capital.  His  interest  in  the  approaching 
struggle  had  led  him  to  address  a  meeting  of  the  Suf 
folk  bar.  He  had  already  pledged  himself  to  re-enter 
the  military  service  of  the  country,  and  had  therefore 
resigned  the  command  of  the  New-England  Guards  ; 
advising  the  members  of  that  battalion  to  regard  it  as 
a  nursery  of  officers,  rather  than  to  attempt  to  take  it, 
as  an  organization,  into  the  field. 

"  Wherever,"  said  Major  Gordon  to  the  battalion,  upon 
resigning  his  command,  "any  son  of  Massachusetts  can 
render  the  most  efficient  service  to  the  State,  there,  in  my 
judgment,  should  his  efforts  be  given.  Although,  in  the  first 
outbreak  of  war,  reliance  must  necessarily  be  placed  upon 
our  militia,  in  whose  ranks  are  found  men  of  the  best  classes 
in  our  community,  yet,  for  prolonged  and  continuous  service, 
a  composition  of  forces  like  that  constituting  the  army  of  the 
general  government  is  indisputably  the  most  efficient  and  ser 
viceable, —  a  composition  in  which  the  character  and  intelli 
gence  of  our  best  citizens  must  be  used  to  organize  and  drill 
the  bone  and  muscle  of  those  upon  whom  we  must  rely  for 
our  armies. 

Then  we  may,  with  a  small  body  of  well-instructed  gentle 
men,  impart  information,  raise  into  an  organization  and  render 
efficient  very  many  large  bodies  of  men,  all  of  whom  will  in 
time  become  soldiers  rather  than  undisciplined  mobs  of  raw 
militia. 

Wherever,  in  the  present  sudden  emergency,  any,  even  the 
least,  capacity  exists  to  impart  information  and  efficiency  to 
a  company  of  privates,  we  cannot  afford  to  waste  precious 
material  that  may  instruct  many  others,  by  calling  it  to  render 
individual  service  as  privates  rather  than  officers. 

My  aim,  as  chief  of  the  New-England  Guards,  has  been 
rather  to  impart  to  my  command  the  necessary  instruction 


THE   BEGINNING.  6 

to  enable  them  to  command  rather  than  to  build  up  a  com 
pany  to  serve  as  privates  during  the  fatigues  of  a  long  cam 
paign. 

Massachusetts  needs  to-day  military  skill,  science,  and 
power  to  instruct.  No  man  has  a  right  to  refuse  his  skill  to 
drill  the  body  of  the  militia  of  our  State,  even  though  he 
sacrifices  that  ambition  so  near  to  a  soldier's  heart,  to  be  the 
first  to  bleed  for  his  country." 

On  the  15th,  Major  Gordon  was  summoned  to  the 
State  House,  to  advise  regarding  the  forwarding  of  the 
militia  regiments  that  morning  called  for  by  the  Presi 
dent  of  the  United  States.  Upon  returning  from  the 
consultation,  he  said  to  Mr.  Underwood,  "The  governor 
has  told  me,  that,  when  he  gets  these  troops  off,  I  shall 
go  with  the  next  regiment."  That  day,  and  the  suc 
ceeding,  the  gentlemen  already  mentioned,  with  others, 
discussed  the  measures  necessary  for  raising  troops 
"for  the  war."  Underwood  was  ready  to  go;  so  was 
Curtis. 

So  were  George  L.  Andrews,  Wilder  Dwight,  and  a 
thousand  gallant  men  all  over  the  State ;  who,  as  yet 
without  concert,  were  destined  to  make  a  name  in 
history  for  the  Second  Massachusetts  Infantry.  They 
were  soon  brought  together. 

On  the  18th  day  of  April,  Wilder  Dwight  entered 
the  office  of  Major  Gordon,  —  Dwight  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New -England  Guards  battalion,  —  and 
said  abruptly,  "Will  you  raise  a  regiment?"  Major 
Gordon  replied,  "I  am  already  committed  to  that. 
I  have  spoken  to  the  governor  upon  that  subject ; 
and  he  has  promised  me  the  command  of  the  first 


4         SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

regiment  which  leaves  the  State  for  the  war."  D wight 
repeated  his  question,  in  its  precise  language,  and  re 
ceived  the  same  reply.  Major  Gordon  then  explained 
the  difficulties  in  the  way  of  raising  a  regiment  upon 
such  principles  as  seemed  to  him  essential. 

These  difficulties  depended  upon  the  fact,  that,  at  that 
time,  no  law  authorized  the  reception  of  forces  into  the 
service  of  the  Government  otherwise  than  as  organized 
militia,  and  that  only  for  a  brief  period.  By  the  laws 
of  Massachusetts,  all  officers  were  to  be  chosen  by  the 
men,  —  a  system  which  Major  Gordon,  with  all  other 
soldiers,  knew  to  be  destructive  of  proper  discipline. 
Nor  would  the  clothing  and  equipment  of  the  men 
follow  the  army  model,  which  his  foresight  perceived  to 
be  necessary ;  and  the  opposite  of  which,  a  very  short 
experience,  by  another  regiment,  proved  to  be  absurd. 

These  and  other  difficulties  were  discussed  at  length 
in  the  interview,  but  without  arriving  at  any  satis 
factory  solution.  But,  before  they  separated,  D  wight 
suggested,  as  indispensable,  the  raising  of  a  fund  for 
regimental  purposes.  This  was  agreed  upon,  and  the 
following  paper  was  immediately  drawn  up  :  — 

BOSTON,  April  18,  1861. 

Whereas  it  is  proposed  forthwith  to  raise,  equip,  and 
organize  a  regiment  of  men,  to  be  drilled  for  efficient  service 
in  the  defence  of  the  Government  wherever  they  may  be 
needed;  and  whereas  Major  George  H.  Gordon  has  offered 
his  services  to  superintend  and  aid  in  this  purpose,  and  action 
has  already  been  taken  by  the  Governor  to  offer  such  a  regi 
ment  to  the  Government,  — 

The  undersigned  hereby  agree  to  contribute  the  sums  set 


THE    BEGINNING.  5 

opposite  their  respective  names  to  pay  the  expense  of  such 
equipment  and  organization,  and  the  support  of  the  regiment 
until  it  can  be  received  into  the  service  and  pay  of  the  Gov 
ernment. 

With  this  paper,  D wight  left  the  office  :  in  less  than 
an  hour  he  brought  it  back,  bearing  subscriptions  for 
five  thousand  dollars.  In  a  few  days,  the  sum  was 
increased  to  nearly  thirty  thousand,  only  sixty-five 
per  cent  of  which  proved  to  be  necessary.  Of  this 
fund,  Mr.  Thomas  D  wight  was  the  treasurer.  The  list 
of  subscribers  will  be  given  in  a  subsequent  page. 

At  this  same  interview,  the  manner  of  addressing 
the  public  was  discussed ;  for  that  a  regiment  was  to 
be  raised  was  a  foregone  conclusion,  notwithstanding 
all  difficulties.  It  was  determined  to  issue  bills  adver 
tising  the  raising  of  a  regiment ;  and,  within  a  day  or 
two,  these  were  printed,  and  posted  in  public  places. 
This  notification,  it  is  believed,  preceded  the  measures 
under  which  any  other  three-years'  regiment  was  raised. 

It  was  also  soon  settled,  that  George  L.  Andrews,  of 
Boston,  who  had  also  been  in  the  councils  at  the  State 
House,  ought  to  be  lieutenant-colonel. 

It  would  have  been  difficult  to  find  three  men  equally 
qualified  for  the  work  before  them. 

The  first,  after  graduating  at  West  Point,  in  1846, 
had  immediately  entered  upon  active  service.  He  had 
participated  in  every  action  of  General  Scott's  cam 
paign,  from  Vera  Cruz  to  the  city  of  Mexico  ;  had  been 
severely  wounded  after  the  fall  of  that  city ;  had  been 
brevetted  "  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct ;  "  and 


6  SECOND    MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

not  until  after  nine  years  of  service,  sometimes  as  far 
away  as  Oregon,  had  he  concluded  to  return  to  civil 
life.  Entering  upon  the  practice  of  the  law,  he  was 
rapidly  making  himself  successful,  when  he  again 
brought  to  the  service  of  the  country  the  clear  intellect, 
thorough  knowledge,  rapid  decision,  and  power  of 
exciting  enthusiasm,  which  have  been  recognized  by 
subsequent  promotion,  well-earned,  and  only  too  slowly 
given. 

George  L.  Andrews  had  graduated  at  West  Point, 
in  1851,  at  the  head  of  his  class.  Assigned  to  duty  as 
assistant  to  Colonel  Thayer  of  the  Engineers,  he  had 
been  engaged  for  three  years  in  the  construction  of  Fort 
Warren,  in  Boston  harbor ;  had  been  ordered  to  West 
Point  as  Acting  Assistant  Professor  in  the  Department 
of  Civil  and  Military  Engineering,  the  Science  of  War, 
&c.,  where  he  remained  a  year,  and  resigned  on 
account  of  the  absurd  inadequacy  of  the  (then)  pay  to 
support  a  family.  Thoroughly  acquainted  with  military 
science  from  its  broadest  principles  to  its  slightest 
details,  a  thorough  disciplinarian,  a  man  to  whom  duty 
was  law,  his  merit  has  shown  itself  in  higher  stations 
and  important  commands.  These  qualifications  he 
brought  to  the  Second,  refusing  the  place  of  paymaster, 
and  also  the  colonelcy  of  a  regiment  of  volunteers. 

Wilder  D wight  was  a  graduate  of  Harvard  College, 
—  of  high  rank  in  the  class  of  1853,  —  and  of  its  Law 
School.  With  a  clear  mind,  high  culture,  indomita 
ble  will,  genial  and  persuasive  powers,  with  the  culture 
obtained  by  foreign  travel  and  the  discipline  of  study 


THE    BEGINNING.  7 

with  Caleb  Gushing  and  Judge  Hoar,  —  he  had  sprung 
at  once  into  the  higher  ranks  of  his  profession.  He  was 
not  without  some  knowledge  of  military  routine,  ac 
quired  at  a  military  school.  He  would  have  seen  high 
rank  but  for  the  fatal  day  of  Antietam. 

These  men  gave  their  best  powers  and  most  earnest 
devotion  to  their  country.  For  its  sake  they  deter 
mined  to  make  a  regiment  worthy  of  the  cause.  How 
far  they  succeeded  is  now  historical. 

Previous  to  any  overt  act  of  rebellion,  Greely  S. 
Curtis,  of  Boston,  had  said  to  Major  Gordon,  "If  this 
thing  leads  to  war,  I  wish  to  go  ;  and  I  should  like  to 
go  under  your  command."  In  the  interviews  alluded 
to,  Mr.  Curtis  again  spoke  of  entering  the  service. 
He  was  promised  a  commission.  He  mentioned  jthe 
names  of  several  of  his  friends  whom  he  thought  quali 
fied  ;  among  them  were  James  Savage,  jun.,  and  Henry 
L.  Higginson,  of  Boston.  After  some  inquiries  they 
were  promised  suitable  positions.  These  gentlemen 
and  others  assisted  in  raising  money,  and  in  other 
methods.  Their  recommendation  was  justified. 

On  Thursday,  April  25,  the  "Boston  Journal" 
said :  — 

"  Recruiting  offices  for  the  new  regiment  under  Major 
Gordon  were  opened  yesterday  at  22,  Canal  Street ;  at  Clin 
ton  Street,  corner  of  Merchants'  Row;  and  at  129,  Federal 
Street.  .  .  .  Another  ...  at  No.  55,  State  Street,  next  to  en 
trance  to  Merchants'  Exchange." 

At  Canal  Street  was  Mr.  Curtis  ;  at  Clinton  Street, 
Mr.  A.  D.  Sawyer ;  at  Federal  Street,  Mr.  Under- 


8        SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

wood,  and  Richard  S.  Fay,  jun.  ;  at  State  Street,  J. 
Parker  Whitney,  —  afterwards,  Mr.  Underwood,  and, 
still  later,  Francis  H.  Tucker  and  T.  L.  Motley,  jun. 

Some  of  these  offices  were  temporarily  suspended 
after  a  few  days  ;  for  the  consideration  was  weighty 
that  there  was  yet  no  authority  to  raise  a  regiment,  and 
no  evidence  that  one  tendered  would  be  accepted.  It 
was  determined,  therefore,  to  apply  for  authority 
directly  to  the  War  Department.  The  State  gave  its 
sanction,  and  Messrs.  Andrews  and  Dvvight  were  se 
lected  to  go  to  Washington. 

They  left  Boston  on  the  25th  of  April.  South  of 
Philadelphia,  they  began  to  find  troops  on  the  road  : 
but,  being  bearers  of  despatches  from  Governor  Andrew, 
they  found  no  difficulty  in  getting  to  Perryville  on  the 
Susquehanna,  where  they  were  obliged  to  take  a  tug 
boat  for  Annapolis ;  for  this  was  the  time  when  the 
road  through  Baltimore  was  in  the  hands  of  a  brutal 
mob  allowed  to  work  its  will  by  an  inefficient  Executive. 
Late  in  the  evening  of  the  26th,  Messrs.  Andrews  and 
Dvvight  reached  Annapolis.  The  buildings  and  grounds 
of  the  Naval  School  were  filled  with  three-months'  men  ; 
and,  although  there  were  the  usual  bustle  and  want  of 
system  of  raw  troops,  it  was  pleasant  to  see  that  the 
Government  had  so  far  been  spurred  into  life.  Passes 
were  procured  from  General  Butler  for  Washington ; 
and  information  that  a  train  would  start  at  some  uncer- ' 
tain  time  in  the  night,  — uncertain,  because  the  road  had 
been  damaged  by  Maryland  rebels.  Three  days  before, 
a  Massachusetts  soldier,  looking  at  a  locomotive  disabled 


THE    BEGINNING. 

by  Annapolis  people,  said,  "I  made  this  engine  ;  and  I 
can  put  it  together  again ; "  and  the  Massachusetts 
Eighth  and  the  New- York  Seventh  opened  the  way  to 
the  junction.  But  the  road  was  again  injured ;  and 
when  Messrs.  Andrews  and  D wight,  with  Captain 
(since  Colonel)  Maynadier  of  the  Ordnance  Corps,  a 
loyal  Virginian,  who  had  accompanied  them  from  Perry- 
ville, —  after  remaining  all  night  in  the  station-house, 
and  getting  in  the  morning  a  breakfast  of  the  usual 
Southern  hog  and  hominy,  — started  on  the  train,  they 
found  frequent  delays  necessary  for  repairs.  At  Annapo 
lis  Junction  were  trains  filled  with  troops,  and  camps 
were  near  by.  Pickets  were  stationed  along  the  road  to 
Washington ;  troops  were  in  that  city,  and  reconnoi- 
sances  were  being  made.  The  loyal  people  were  then 
cheerful;  but  Breckenridge,  Mason,  Wigfall,  Hunter, 
and  Clingman  were  still  in  Washington. 

An  interview  with  the  Secretary  of  War  was  ob 
tained  by  the  help  of  General  Eipley,  Chief  of  Ord 
nance,  on  Monday,  April  29.  The  application  did  not 
meet  with  favor.  The  Secretary  doubted  his  right  to 
authorize  the  raising  of  a  three-years'  regiment.  Then, 
as  some  time  later,  it  required  effort  to  obtain  the 
privilege  of  defending  the  country.  The  messengers 
from  Massachusetts  persisted.  D  wight  thought  he 
could  draft  a  paper  which  would  be  satisfactory.  Ap 
parently  wearied  with  the  importunity,  the  Secretary 
told  him  to  do  so.  It  was  done  ;  and,  after  a  little 
hesitation,  signed.  D  wight  immediately  telegraphed, 
"  All  right :  go  ahead  !  " 


10  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS   INFANTRY. 

In  that  paper,  which  pledged  the  Secretary  to  accept 
the  regiment  when  it  should  be  raised,  the  first  author 
ity,  in  point  of  time,  to  raise  a  three-years'  regiment, 
was  thus  given  to  what  became  the  SECOND  REGIMENT 
OF  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY.  When  the  President 
issued  his  call,  May  4,  1861,  for  thirty-nine  regiments 
of  infantry  and  one  of  cavalry,  for  three  years,  this 
regiment  became  one  of  the  thirty-nine  ;  and  it  was, 
with  all  other  volunteer  regiments,  subsequently  a  part 
of  the  half-million  of  men  authorized  by  Act  of  Con 
gress,  July  22,  1861. 

With  this  permission,  Andrews  and  D wight  returned 
home,  still  by  way  of  Annapolis.  With  this  authority, 
with  the  assurance  of  aid  from  the  Governor,  and  with 
his  promise  that  the  commander  should  select  his 
officers,  and  with  funds  in  plenty,  the  work  was  pushed 
vigorously  forward.  The  recruiting  offices  were  re 
opened  on  the  29th,  and  others  added.  Charles  F. 
Morse  opened  an  office  in  Salem  ;  James  Savage,  jun., 
in  Fitchburg ;  Charles  R.  Mudge,  in  Lynn ;  Marcus 
M.  Hawes,  in  Lawrence  ;  Rufus  Choate,  in  Springfield  ; 
Richard  Gary,  Richard  C.  Goodwin,  and  others,  in 
Boston  ;  while  men  were  recruited  in  Easton,  in  Berk 
shire  County,  and  a  few  in  other  places,  at  the  same 
time. 

The  control  of  the  funds  and  the  designation  of 
methods  were  left  with  the  commander.  The  particu 
lar  rank  to  be  given  to  Curtis,  Savage,  Higginson, 
Mudge,  and  others  was,  by  common  consent,  undecided  : 
the  simple  assurance,  that,  at  the  proper  time,  a  suitable 


THE    BEGINNING.  11 

assignment  of  rank  should  be  made,  conforming  to  the 
impressions  of  the  colonel  as  to  fitness  and  capacity, 
gave  entire  satisfaction  and  secured  entire  harmony. 

The  principal  office  —  headquarters  in  Boston  —  was 
opened  at  20,  State  Street,  Colonel  Gordon  being  there 
except  during  a  temporary  illness,  when  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Andrews  took  charge.  Charles  Wheaton,  jun., 
of  Boston,  was  soon  selected  to  aid,  eventually  becom 
ing  adjutant.  His  value  is  well  remembered,  as  he 
remained  in  that  capacity,  declining  promotion,  until 
he  became,  in  1862,  commissary  of  subsistence,  in 
which  station  he  rose  to  a  place  on  the  staff  of  a 
corps  commander.  R.  Morris  Copeland,  in  the  latter 
part  of  April,  by  advice  of  James  Savage,  with  whom 
he  had  become  acquainted  in  Salignac's  drill-club,  ap 
plied  for  the  place  of  regimental  quartermaster  :  it  was 
given  him ;  and  his  indefatigable  zeal  and  business 
ability  made  him  a  most  valuable  officer.  Energetic 
and  faithful,  he  afterwards  was  aid  to  Major-General 
Banks,  and  then  assistant  adjutant-general,  with  the 
rank  of  major.  Patriotic,  able,  and  brave,  yet  —  he 
will  pardon  it  —  impulsive,  he  was  finally  sacrificed 
to  personal  pique,  —  all  who  knew  him  felt  unjustly 
and  on  mere  pretence. 

It  was  held  as  a  principle,  that  the  officers  should 
be  first  selected,  and  they  should  recruit  their  own 
companies ;  and  not  that  the  men  elect  their  officers. 
This  principle  was  apparently  varied  from  in  two  instan 
ces,  but  only  apparently.  One  was  in  the  case  of  the 
"Abbott  Grays." 


12  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

This  was  a  company  raised  in  Lowell.  On  the 
morning  succeeding  the  attack  of  the  Baltimore  rebels 
on  Massachusetts  troops,  Edward  G.  Abbott,  of  Low 
ell,  commenced  raising  a  company  "for  the  war."  It 
was  filled  that  day.  Organized  under  the  militia  laws 
of  the  State,  under  the  name  of  the  "Abbott  Grays" 
(in  compliment  to  Hon.  J.  G.  Abbott) ,  it  had  a  cap 
tain  and  four  lieutenants,  who  received  their  commis 
sions  from  the  Governor.  When  it  was  known  that 
Colonel  Gordon  was  raising  a  regiment,  Hon.  Mr. 
Abbott  applied  to  him  to  receive  this  company  as  a 
part  of  his  command.  After  an  interview  with  Captain 
Abbott,  the  manly  qualities  of  that  officer,  and  the 
superior  material  in  the  ranks,  satisfied  the  Colonel ; 
and  the  company  was  received,  with  Edward  G.  Abbott 
as  captain ;  Harrison  G.  O.  Wey mouth,  for  a  few 
weeks,  first  lieutenant ;  then  William  D.  Sedgwick, 
first  lieutenant;  and  James  Francis,  second  lieutenant : 
Abbott,  to  fall  at  Cedar  Mountain ;  Weymouth,  to 
attain  the  rank  of  major,  and  to  lose  a  limb  at  Frede- 
ricksburg;  Sedgwick,  to  die  at  Antietam  ;  and  Francis, 
to  become  a  field-officer,  but  to  bear  for  ever  the  marks 
of  the  enemy's  bullets. 

On  the  same  day  with  the  above,  William  Cogswell, 
a  lawyer  in  Salem,  commenced  recruiting  there.  The 
company  was  soon  filled ;  named  the  "  Andrew  Light 
Guard,"  while  in  State  service ;  and  went  into  camp 
on  Winter  Island,  Salem  Harbor,  in  "Camp  Webb," 
about  the  22d  of  April.  Through  the  instrumentality 
of  the  Governor,  it  was  made  a  part  of  Colonel 


THE    BEGINNING.  13 

Gordon's  regiment,1  with  William  Cogswell,  captain, 
to  become  brevet-brigadier-general ;  Edwin  R.  Hill, 
a  former  soldier  in  Mexico,  first  lieutenant,  to  fall  in 
battle ;  and  Robert  B.  Brown,  second  lieutenant,  then 
a  law-student,  but  to  leave  the  service  senior  captain  in 
his  regiment. 


1  "  Major  Gordon,  of  this  city,  is  raising  a  regiment.  He  is  a  West-Point 
officer  of  great  merit.  His  second  officer  is  also  a  distinguished  graduate 
of  West  Point.  Perhaps  you  would  find  it  agreeable  to  add  so  valuable  a 
body  of  men  as  you  offer,  to  his  corps ;  and  I  presume  that  your  applica 
tion,  under  cover  of  this  letter,  may  invite  his  respectful  consideration,  if 
his  ranks  are  not  already  full,  and  his  officers  selected."  —  Letter  of  Gover 
nor  Andrew,  May  6. 


1-1  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 


II. 


CAMP   ANDREW. 

BROOK  FARM,  a  locality  in  West  Roxbury,  once  well 
known  as  the  seat  of  an  experiment  on  the  "  community  " 
system,  was  owned,  in  1861,  by  Rev.  James  Freeman 
Clarke,  of  Boston.  When  it  became  necessary  to  secure 
a  site  for  a  camp,  this  place  occurred  to  Mr.  Copeland 
as  suitable.  The  patriotic  owner  freely  consented,  and 
gave  its  use  without  pay.1  It  was  capacious  and  pleas 
ant,  well  watered,  and  had  upon  it  some  large  build 
ings.  Its  use  was  obtained  on  the  9th  of  May;  and, 
on  the  llth  of  May,  CAMP  ANDREW  —  so  named  from 
respect  to  the  faithful,  patriotic  Governor  —  was  estab 
lished  by  the  coming  of  Captain  Abbott's  company, 
thenceforward  known  as  "Company  A." 

On  the  afternoon  of  May  14,  Captain  Cogswell's 
company  (C)  arrived  in  camp,  seventy-five  men;  and, 

1  The  liberal  proposal  of  another  gentleman,  who  had  been  inquired  of 
regarding  an  estate  of  his,  ought  to  be  noticed.  "  If  the  State  of  Massachu 
setts  requires  any  such  place  for  the  accommodation  of  its  soldiery,  for  one 
year,  or  for  three  years,  or  during  the  whole  term  of  the  war  now  in  pro 
gress,  my  estate  in  West  Roxbury,  at  the  end  of  Weld  Street,  and  opposite 
the  Brook  farm,  is  at  its  service,  to  be  occupied  by  its  artillery,  cavalry,  or 
infantry,  without  any  expense  to  the  State,  —free  and  gratis,  —  and  with 
out  payment  of  rent  or  taxes."  — John  C.  Gore  $  Sons. 


CAMP    ANDREW.  15 

shortly  after,  forty-two  men  from  Fitchburg  and  vicinity, 
the  first  detachment  of  Company  D,  Captain  Savage. 
In  the  evening  of  the  same  day,  Captain  Whitney's 
company  (F),  seventy-eight  men,  arrived.  Late  at 
night  —  eleven  o'clock  —  on  the  15th,  Captain  Under 
wood  brought  Company  I,  eighty-two  men.  On  the 
20th,  Company  E,  from  Medway,  eighty  men,  came  to 
camp.  This  company  had  been  raised  in  April,  and  had 
chosen  its  own  officers.  But,  concluding  to  enter  the 
regiment,  it  agreed,  as  the  condition  of  acceptance,  to 
take  the  officers  designated  by  Colonel  Gordon.  These 
were,  Samuel  M.  Quincy,  captain,  who  came  to  be 
colonel,  but  found  his  health  so  shattered  by  wounds 
received  at  Cedar  Mountain,  and  by  rebel  captivity, 
that  he  could  not  endure  the  hardships  of  field  service, 
and  became  assistant  inspector-general,  with  the  rank 
of  lieutenant-colonel,  and  afterwards  colonel  of  the 
Seventy-third  U.  S.  C.  T.,  and  subsequently  brevet-ted 
brigadier-general ;  William  B.  Williams,  first  lieuten 
ant, —  a  captain  when  he  fell  bravely  at  Cedar  Moun 
tain  ;  and  Ochran  H.  Howard,  second  lieutenant,  to 
be  subsequently  in  charge  of  the  signal  corps  of  a 
department. 

Captain  T.  J.  C.  'Amory,  United  -  States  Army 
(afterwards  brigadier  -  general  of  volunteers),  being 
appointed  mustering-officer,  began  his  duty  at  Camp 
Andrew  on  the  18th,  mustering  in  companies  A,  C, 
F,  I,  and  parts  of  other  companies.  As  detachments 
came,  he  mustered  their  men  in.  No  record  of  the 
first  date  appears  :  it  was  probably  omitted  because  the 
regiment  was  at  last  mustered  in  as  a  whole. 


16       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

The  companies  not  already  mentioned  came  in  detach 
ments  as  recruited.  They  were  organized  as  follows  :  — 

Company  B, —  Greely  S.  Curtis,  captain,  whom  ill 
health,  in  1864,  drove  from  the  service,  when  he  was 
major  in  the  First  Massachusetts  Cavalry  ;  Charles  F. 
Morse,  first  lieutenant,  who,  after  a  faithful  service 
(once  wounded  in  North  Carolina) ,  led  home  the  regi 
ment  in  1865  ;  and  James  M.  Ellis,  second  lieutenant, 
who  subsequently  became  commissary  of  subsistence, 
with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel. 

Company  D, — James  Savage,  jun.,  captain,  —  a 
lieutenant-colonel,  when,  a  true  soldier  and  gentleman, 
he  died  of  wounds  received  at  Cedar  Mountain ;  Wil 
liam  D.  Sedgwick,  first  lieutenant,  but  transferred  to 
Company  A  before  leaving  camp,  and  succeeded  by 
Henry  L.  Higginson,  who  remained  in  the  service 
until  ill  health  forced  him  to  resign  the  commission  of 
major  in  the  First  Massachusetts  Cavalry  ;  and  (after  the 
promotion  of  Higginson)  Fletcher  M.  Abbott,  second 
lieutenant,  who  was  eventually  disabled  by  disease. 

Company  F  was  officered  by  Charles  R.  Mudge, 
captain  (after  a  brief  service  by  J.  Parker  Whitney), 
who  met  a  soldier's  death  while  leading  the  regiment  in 
that  gallant,  fatal  charge  at  Gettysburg ;  Robert  G. 
Shaw,  first  lieutenant,  who  sleeps  at  Wagner ;  and 
Thomas  R.  Robeson,  second  lieutenant,  who  fell  with 
Mudge  at  Gettysburg. 

Company  G  was  commanded  by  Richard  Gary,  who 
lingered  one  day  after  the  sad  9th  of  August,  1862  ; 
Henry  S.  Russell,  first  lieutenant,  since  colonel  of  the 


CAMP' ANDREW.  17 

Fifth  Massachusetts  Cavalry;  and  Anson  D.  Sawyer, 
second  lieutenant,  who  so  long  and  so  ably  filled  the 
post  of  quartermaster,  until,  in  front  of  Atlanta,  ill 
health  sent  him  home. 

Company  H, — Francis  H.  Tucker,  captain  ;  Thomas 
L.  Motley,  jun.,  first  lieutenant,  to  be  permanently  dis 
abled  by  wounds  while  major  in  the  First  Massachu 
setts  Cavalry ;  and  (after  a  brief  service  of  Robert  G. 
Shaw)  Stephen  G.  Perkins,  second  lieutenant,  who 
was  added  to  the  list  of  dead  at  Cedar  Mountain. 

Company  I  had  Adin  B.  Underwood,  captain,  made 
a  brigadier  -  general  for  his  gallant  leading  of  the 
Thirty- third  Massachusetts  at  Wauhatchie,  where  he 
was  maimed  for  life  ;  Marcus  M.  Hawes,  first  lieuten 
ant,  afterwards  assistant  quartermaster  in  the  Depart 
ment  of  the  Gulf;  and  Rufus  Choate,  second  lieutenant, 
whose  broken  constitution  and  recent  death  were  the 
price  of  his  loyalty. 

Company  K  was  commanded  by  Richard  C.  Goodwin, 
who  left  an  ambulance,  at  Cedar  Mountain,  to  fall  in 
battle  :  George  P.  Bangs,  first  lieutenant,  afterwards 
prostrated  by  disease ;  and  Charles  P.  Horton,  second 
lieutenant,  afterwards  an  assistant  adjutant-general. 

The  staff,  in  addition  to  the  adjutant  and  quarter 
master  already  noticed,  was  composed  as  follows  :  — 

Lucius  M.  Sargent,  jun.,  surgeon,  who,  after  dis 
playing  eminent  ability  in  that  post,  entered  the  First 
Massachusetts  Cavalry  as  captain,  and  fell,  a  lieutenant- 
colonel,  near  Bell  Field,  Va.,  in  1864;  Lincoln  R. 
Stone,  assistant-surgeon,  eventually  surgeon  of  volun- 

2 


18       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

teers  ;  and,  in  June,  Rev.  Alonzo  H.  Quint,  chaplain, 
whose  church,  at  Jamaica  Plain,  gave  him  two  years' 
leave  of  absence,  before  their  final  separation. 

The  non-commissioned  staff  was  made  up  as  follows  : 

George  W.  Blake,  a  soldier  in  the  regular  service 
in  the  Florida  and  Mexican  Wars,  was  appointed  ser 
geant-major,  eventually  disabled  by  disease  ;  James  H. 
Fletcher,  quartermaster  -  sergeant ;  Erastus  B.  Car  11, 
who  had  served  five  years  in  the  Fourth  United-States 
Artillery,  commissary-sergeant,  and  earned  promotion ; 
Joseph  W.  Nutting,  hospital-steward,  who  served  un 
til  he  died  of  disease ;  Henry  Kesselhuth,  who  had 
been  a  soldier  (and  wounded)  in  the  Brunswick  service 
in  the  revolutions  of  1848,  drum-major;  and  Charles 
Spiegel  was  band-leader  until  regimental  bands  were 
discharged.  That  band,  raised  under  the  auspices  of 
P.  S.  Gilmore,  was  a  rare  acquisition. 

The  first  sergeants  of  the  several  companies  were 
these :  — 

Company  A, — Eben  B.  Whitten,  killed  at  Cedar 
Mountain.  Company  B, — Joseph  C.  Hill,  who  had 
served  in  India,  and  who  became  an  officer  on  the  staff 
of  General  Rosecrans.  Company  C,  —  George  B. 
Browning,  severely  wounded  at  Cedar  Mountain,  and 
made  an  officer  in  the  Invalid  Corps.  Company  D,  — 
Theodore  K.  Parker,  promoted  for  gallant  conduct. 
Company  E,  — William  R.  Parsons,  afterwards  dis 
charged  for  wounds  at  Antietam.  Company  F,  —  Sol 
omon  Martin,  killed  at  Antietam.  Company  G, — 
George  P.  Southack,  once  a  soldier  in  the  United- 


CAMP    ANDREW.  19 

States  service,  in  Utah,  disabled  at  Cedar  Mountain. 
Company  H, — Charles  F.  Green.  Company  I, — 
Everett  W.  Pattison,  a  graduate  of  Waterville  College, 
who  became  captain.  Company  K, — William  T.  Mix, 
who  soon  died  of  disease  contracted  in  the  line  of  duty. 
Hans  G.  Christensen  was  color-sergeant,  who,  disabled 
by  disease,  shed  tears  as  he  saw,  from  the  hospital  tent 
at  Darnestown,  the  colors  carried  out  in  battalion  drill. 
'  *  That  flag  that  I  have  taken  such  care  of,  "  he  said  to 
the  chaplain,  "  I  shall  never  carry  again."  He  left  it 
to  a  line  of  successors,  in  whose  hands  it  was  never 
dishonored  ;  the  most  of  whom  are  sleeping  in  soldiers' 
graves. 

Of  the  other  non-commissioned  officers  and  the  men, 
their  names  and  deeds  will  be  recorded  by  and  by. 
They  entered  the  service  before  the  days  of  bounties. 
The  pay  they  expected  was  eleven  dollars  a  month. 
Some  had  seen  service  in  India,  before  and  behind  the 
works  of  Sebastopol,  in  the  French  service,  in  the 
revolutions  of  1848,  in  Florida,  in  Mexico,  in  Oregon, 
and  on  the  Plains ;  and  these  were  ready  to  renew  the 
hardships  of  march  and  bivouac  and  camp,  of  picket 
and  reconnoissance,  of  skirmish  and  battle,  of  ambulance 
and  hospital.  To  most,  war  was  a  mysterious  thing, 
full  of  unknown  terrors ;  but  these  men  were,  ready  to 
meet  them  for  the  country's  sake.  No  nobler,  truer, 
brarer  men  left  home  than  these,  who,  led  by  such 
officers,  gave  the  Massachusetts  Second  its  noble 
record. 

The   regiment  was    gradually   filled.      At   Colonel 


20       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Gordon's  head-quarters  in  Boston  there  was  great  activ 
ity.  The  office  was  alive,  day  after  day,  with  men, 
who,  as  accepted,  were  sent  to  Camp  Andrew.  The 
general  business  was  pressing,  but  easily  despatched  by 
one  so  well  versed  in  all  military  details  as  Colonel 
Gordon,  and  assisted  by  such  a -man  as  Major  D wight. 
At  camp,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Andrews  soon  appeared, 
and  took  his  quarters.  The  drill  and  discipline  there 
fell  mainly  to  his  share  of  work.  Sergeant  Collins, 
of  the  United-States  Sappers  and  Miners,  was  obtained 
as  drill-master ;  but  he  did  not  remain  long,  and  Lieu 
tenant-Colonel  Andrews  himself  drilled  the  officers,  and 
had,  as  well  as  Colonel  Gordon  later,  recitations  daily. 
In  fact,  with  their  own  drill,  the  drill  of  the  men, 
attention  to  all  roll-calls,  guard-mounting,  parade,  and 
daily  recitations  in  tactics,  the  officers  had  little  time  to 
call  their  own.  The  hours  of  duty,  as  recorded,  will 
show  this  :  — 

"  4.45,  A.M.,  Reveille ;  5.20,  Inspection  of  quarters  by 
company  officers;  5.30,  Roll  call  of  companies,  and  squad- 
drill  ;  6.45,  Surgeon's  call,  and  signal  for  drill  to  cease ;  7, 
Signal  for  breakfast ;  7.40,  Inspection  of  guard  detail  by  first 
sergeants  of  companies ;  7.45,  Guard  mounting ;  8.30,  Signal 
for  drill  by  squads ;  10.30,  Signal  for  drill  by  squads  to  cease, 
and  for  commissioned  officers  to  assemble  for  practical  instruc 
tion  ;  11.30,  Signal  for  non-commissioned  officers  to  assemble 
for  practical  instruction,  the  sergeant-major  will  call  the  roll ; 
12,  M.  Signal  for  commissioned  officers  to  assemble  for  theo 
retical  instruction;  12.45,  P.M.,  Recall,  and  non-commissioned 
officers'  drill;  1,  Signal  for  dinner;  3.30,  Signal  for  drill; 
6,  Signal  for  drill  to  cease ;  6.30,  Signal  for  companies  to 


CAMP    ANDREW.  21 

assemble  for  roll-call,  and  inspection  by  company  officers; 
6.40,  Adjutant's  call,  —  signal  for  companies  to  be  marched 
by  captains  to  parade-ground ;  Immediately  after  parade, 
supper;  9,  Tattoo;  9.30,  Taps." 

When  the  commissions  were  issued  at  the  State 
House,  those  of  the  field  officers  were  dated1  May 
24  ;  of  the  surgeon,  May  28  ;  of  the  assistant  surgeon, 
June  1 ;  of  the  chaplain,  June  20  2  ;  of 'the  captains, 
May  24 ;  of  the  first  lieutenants,  May  25  ;  and  of  the 
second  lieutenants,  May  28. 

The  colonel  issued  his  first  order  under  the  new 
commission,  as  follows  :  — 

HEADQUARTERS  SECOND  REG.  MASS.  VOLS. 

CAMP  ANDREW,  WEST  ROXBUEY,  May  27,  1861. 
GENERAL  ORDERS,  No.  1. 

1.  The  undersigned,  having  been  duly  invested  with  the 
proper  authority,  hereby  assumes  the  command  of  the  troops 
at  this  encampment. 


1  On  what  principle  the  dates  were  assigned  was  never  quite  understood. 
The  date  of  the  colonel's  commission,  when  the  papers  were  made  out,  was 
found  to  be  May  24 ;  that  of  the  colonel  of  the  First  Regiment,  May  22,  — 
which,  by  rule,  gave  that  regiment  a  nominal  priority.     As  a  matter  of  fact, 
Colonel  Cowdin  had  not  been  mustered  in  on  the  day  that  Colonel  Gordon 
was;    at  least,  Captain  Amory,  mustering  officer,  so  stated  on  the  day  of 
Colonel  Gordon's  muster.    By  the  rule,  that  commissions  could  be  given  only 
after  ten '  companies  were  mustered  in,  Colonel  Cowdin's  date  was  clearly 
wrong;  for  his  tenth  company  was  not  mustered  until  the  27th,  according  to 
the  reports  of  the   adjutant-general,  while  the  latest  day  possible  to  the 
Second  was  the  25th.   In  addition,  the  Adjutant-general's  Report,  issued  Jan 
uary,  1866,  says  the  First  Regiment  "  was  mustered  into  the  service  of  the 
United  States,  June  15,  1861."     If  this  was  so,  the  question  of  priority  is 
settled,  as  the  Department  decided  on  May  25  as  the  date  of  the  Second.    It 
is  a  matter  of  little  moment,  however ;  both  regiments  honored  themselves 
and  Massachusetts. 

2  This  date  should  have  been  earlier ;  the  inadvertence  or  misunderstand 
ing  of  that  officer  led  to  an  error  not  perceived  until  too  late  to  remedy. 


22       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

2.  The  order  of  rank  of  the  captains  of  the  Second  Regi 
ment,  having  been  designated  by  authority  duly  delegated 
from  the  War  Department,  is  hereby  promulgated  for  the 
benefit  of  all  concerned :  1st,  Francis  H.  Tucker ;  2d,  Gree- 
ly  S.  Curtis;  3d,  James  Savage,  jun. ;  4th,  Edward  G. 
Abbott;  5th,  Samuel  M.  Quincy;  6th,  Richard  Gary;  7th, 
William  Cogswell ;  8th,  J.  Parker  Whitney ;  9th,  Adin  B. 
Underwood;  10th,  Richard  C.  Goodwin. 

By  command  of  Colonel  GEORGE  H.  GORDON. 

CHARLES  R.  MUDGE,  Acting  Adjutant. 

Power  indeed  had  been  had,  but,  until  the  muster-in, 
its  tenure  was  rather  baseless.  From  the  time  of 
formal  appointment,  it  rested  on  firm  foundations.  In 
fact,  the  military  authority  asserted,  perhaps,  its  earliest 
prerogative  over  citizens  in  Massachusetts  at  this  camp. 
It  was  when  a  citizen  had  opened  a  place  for  the  sale 
of  intoxicating  liquors.  It  was  working  mischief.  So, 
after  fruitless  remonstrances,  a  squad  was  sent  to  the 
place,  under  an  officer  ;  and,  although  outside  the  camp, 
unceremoniously  emptied  the  liquors  into  the  road, 
and  so  abated  the  nuisance. 

For  the  first  six  weeks,  food  was  furnished  to  the  men 
ready  cooked.  Suitable  cooks  and  stewards  wrere  pro 
vided  ;  and,  three  times  a  day,  the  men  used  to  come  to 
the  proper  quarters.  The  system  was  changed,  how 
ever,  to  fit  men  for  actual  service  ;  and  company  cooks 
were  detailed.  It  is  worthy  of  record,  that,  under  the 
first  system,  although  the  groceries  and  some  other  food 
were  supplied  by  the  same  dealers  as  supplied  the  Tre- 
mont  and  the  Revere,  and  the  extravagance  of  the  food 
was  sharply  commented  upon,  yet  the  average  daily 


CAMP    ANDKEW.  23 

cost  per  man  was  found  to  have  been  short  of  twenty- 
five  cents  ;  while  contractors  for  some  other  troops  had 
forty  cents.  The  difference  was  in  the  oversight  of 
Quartermaster  Copeland.  The  regimental  fund  paid 
the  bills. 

The  clothing  was  procured,  by  contract,  from  Whit 
ing,  Galloupe,  &  Bliss,  of  Boston,  and  was  the  best  the 
regiment  ever  had.  Strong  efforts  were  made  to  have 
"  gray  "  adopted  ;  but  Colonel  Gordon  was  firm,  —  and 
the  opinion  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  Andrews  supported 
him,  —  that  the  army  uniform  must  be  had.  Indeed, 
when  the  militia  was  to  be  made  ready  to  go  to  Wash 
ington,  Colonel  Gordon,  whose  presence  was  asked  at 
a  consultation,  advised  the  army  uniform.  A  general 
said,  "  He  hoped  never  to  see  the  Massachusetts  soldier 
clothed  in  the  uniform  of  the  regular  army.  Such  an 
attempt  had  nearly  caused  a  mutiny  in  a  Massachusetts 
regiment  in  Mexico." — "  I  believe,"  said  Colonel  Gor 
don,  "  that  the  war  is  to  be  one  of  no  short  duration, 
and,  as  the  troops  may  wear  out  the  clothes  they 
start  with,  it  would  be  almost  impossible  for  the  Gover 
nor  of  Massachusetts  to  follow  each  soldier  to  the  field 
to  supply  a  pair  of  Massachusetts  trousers.  Besides, 
all  that  saved  the  Massachusetts  regiment  in  Mexico 
from  returning  in  the  f uniform  of  the  Georgia  militia' 
(shirt  collar  and  pair  of  spurs)  was  due  to  the  fact 
that  they  were  supplied  with  United-States  uniforms 
which  they  wore  home."  The  regimental  fund  enabled 
Colonel  Gordon  to  make  his  own  selections,  especially 
as  the  regiment  was  in  an  anomalous  position  as  to 


24       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

authority.  But  the  State  subsequently  assumed  the  cost 
of  the  clothing. 

It  was  with  considerable  effort  that  rifled  muskets 
were  secured;  but  they  were  obtained, — the  Enfield, 
when  the  Enfield  imported  was  a  good  piece.  Gradu 
ally  it  was  superseded  by  the  Springfield,  of  substan 
tially  the  same  character. 

When,  after  weeks  of  preparation,  the  wagons  were 
brought  to  camp,  —  twenty-seven  in  those  luxurious 
days,  —  and  the  hundred  finely  selected  wagon-horses 
were  tethered  in  the  camp  limits,  the  equipment  was 
well-nigh  complete.  No  such  was  found  anywhere  in 
service  ;  and  when,  in  after  days,  wagons  were  cut  down 
in  number,  and  horses  turned  in,  and  at  last  mules  re 
placed  the  horses,  the  wagoners  sighed, — rather  the 
wagoner,  —  for  the  twenty-five  had,  under  successive 
orders,  dwindled  to  one. 

Two  flags  had  been  presented  to  the  regiment.  The 
first  was  on  the  26th  of  June.  The  "Boston  Daily 
Advertiser  "  gave  the  following  account :  — 

The  regiment  was  drawn  up  in  line  of  battle,  and  pre 
sented  a  fine  and  soldierly  appearance.  Their  movements  all 
indicated  a  high  state  of  efficiency  and  drill.  A  large 
number  of  spectators,  including  the  donors  and  their  friends, 
were  present  on  the  hill  overlooking  the  parade-ground.  At  a 
quarter-past  five,  Mr.  E.  Francis  Bowditch  advanced  towards 
Colonel  Gordon,  before  the  line,  unfolding  the  colors  to  the 
breeze.  The  battalion  saluted  by  presenting  arms,  the  band 
playing  the  "  Star-Spangled  Banner."  The  officers,  having  been 
ordered  to  the  front,,  gathered  in  a  group  around  the  colonel, 
and  were  addressed  by  Mr.  J.  Lothrop  Motley,  on  behalf  of 
the  ladies  presenting  the  flag,  as  follows :  — 


CAMP  ANDREW.  25 

Colonel  Gordon,  Gentlemen,  and  Ladies  :  —  Only  three 
hours  ago,  I  was  informed,  to  my  utter  surprise,  that  the  honor 
had  been  conferred  upon  me  of  presenting  this  banner  to  your 
regiment. 

I  wish  that  some  worthier  and  more  experienced  speaker 
could  have  performed  this  service.  And  yet  I  could  not  find 
it  in  my  heart  to  deny  myself  the  deep  gratification  of  associ 
ating  my  name,  in  however  subordinate  a  degree,  with  this 
noble  regiment  and  this  most  interesting  occasion.  I  implore 
your  forgiveness  for  my  inability  adequately  to  express  the 
emotions  which  are  filling  all  our  hearts.  You  will  not  value 
the  less  this  gift  from  the  fair  hands  of  your  countrywomen, 
from  those  who  are  near  and  dear  to  you,  because  of  my 
deficiency. 

Never  in  my  life  did  I  so  covet  the  divine  gift  of  eloquence 
as  on  this  occasion.  And  yet  I  am  consoled ;  for,  had  I  the 
tongue  of  angels,  I  could  not  hope  to  match  the  mute  elo 
quence  of  those  stars  and  those  stripes. 

Nearly  a  century  ago,  there  beyond  the  green  hills,  in  the 
fair  and  ancient  town  of  Cambridge,  the  seat  of  the  Muses, 
on  the  1st  of  January,  1776,  that  banner  of  stripes  was  first 
unfurled  to  the  breeze  by  the  great  hand  of  Washington. 
The  Continental  Congress,  eighteen  months  later,  added  the 
cluster  of  stars.  Then  rose  that  glorious  constellation,  never 
more  to  set.  The  starry  symbol  of  our  Union,  respected 
abroad  on  land  and  sea,  and  idolized  at  home,  was  never 
degraded  or  trailed  in  the  dust  till  1861,  and  never  by  the 
hands  of  foreigners.  Never  shall  living  man  forget  how 
the  hearts  of  all  loyal  Americans,  whether  dwelling  on  this 
or  the  other  side  of  the  Atlantic,  were  thrilled,  as  by  the  sound 
of  the  trumpet,  when  we  first  caught  the  response  to  the 
call  of  the  president  for  volunteers,  the  voice  of  twenty 
millions  whose  bosoms  were  one. 

To  your  hands,  Colonel  Gordon,  to  your  tried  valor,  to 
your  signal  ability,  to  your  fortunate  military  experience  on 


26  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

the  field  of  honor,  we  gladly  intrust  these  our  most  precious 
possessions,  the  bone  and  muscle  of  our  ancient  Common 
wealth,  and  the  aspirations  and  the  ardor  of  the  youthful 
chivalry  of  our  State. 

We  know  that  in  your  hands,  and  in  those  of  your  brave 
companions  in  arms,  the  welfare  and  honor  of  the  whole 
country  are  safe.  Our  hearts  are  too  full  for  words.  Our 
hopes,  our  prayers,  our  pride,  —  every  thing  but  our  fears,  — 
go  with  you.  In  the  name  of  your  countrywomen,  I  present 
to  you  this  flag.  We  know  that  its  folds  will  never  be  stained, 
that  they  will  ever  wave  foremost  among  the  foremost  where 
duty  and  honor  call. 

As  I  place  it  in  your  hand,  I  will  only  add  the  brief  and 
simple  phrase  of  the  herald,  in  the  early  days  of  warfare  and 
of  chivalry,  —  "  May  God  defend  the  Right ! " 

Colonel  Gordon  then  replied  substantially  as  follows :  — 

Sir,  —  In  the  name  of  the  Second  Regiment  of  Massachu 
setts  Volunteers,  it  becomes  my  duty  to  receive  this  magnifi 
cent  flag,  and  to  respond  as  well  as  I  may.  I  could  wish  that 
some  one  more  eloquent  might  answer  for  them.  But  this  is 
not  the  hour  or  the  place  for  words. 

When  I  look  upon  this  long  line  of  men,  eager  to  fight  for 
their  country,  and  in  the  youthful  but  resolute  faces  of  these 
officers  who  surround  me,  I  feel  a  deep  sense  of  the  responsi 
bilities  on  which  I  have  entered,  and  which,  God  willing,  I 
will  discharge.  This  flag  of  our  country,  which  bears  on  its 
folds  the  glorious  record  of  the  war  of  the  Revolution,  of  the 
war  of  1812,  and  of  another  conquest  of  Mexico,  has  never 
been  trailed  in  the  dust  before  a  foreign  foe.  It  was  left  to 
our  own  countrymen  to  make  the  first  record  of  its  dishonor. 
But  it  still  continues  the  flag  of  our  country,  and,  God  willing, 
none  other  shall  wave  defiantly  before  it.  Never,  till  it  was 
struck  down,  did  we  feel  it  to  be  so  truly  the  symbol  of  our 
country's  greatness.  We  had  been  accustomed  to  regard  it  in 
times  of  peace  as  only  a  symbol  of  our  prosperity ;  but,  now 


CAMP   ANDKEW.  27 

that  the  hour  of  trial  has  come,  we  look  to  it  as  the  emblem  of 
our  freedom  and  our  power.  It  shall  never  cease  to  wave 
over  our  whole  country. 

We  accept  this  flag,  and  will  render  our  account  of  it  here 
after.  And,  sir,  borrowing  the  sentiment  of  that  immortal 
statesman,  we  will  strive  to  defend  it  so  that  not  a  star  shall 
be  removed  nor  a  stripe  erased. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  colonel's  address,  the  officers 
returned  to  their  posts.  The  color-guard  advanced,  received 
the  colors  from  Mr.  Bowditch,  and  carried  them  to  their  posi 
tion  in  the  line ;  and  the  battalion  was  then  marched  off  in 
column  of  platoons  to  the  parade-ground  in  front  of  the 
encampment.  The  companies  were  then  dismissed,  and,  half 
an  hour  later,  returned  for  dress-parade.  At  the  close  of 
parade,  the  ladies  and  other  friends  of  the  officers  were  invited 
to  head-quarters,  where  they  found  an  abundant  collation. 

The  flag  is  an  unusually  fine  one,  six  feet  by  nine,  made  of 
the  richest  silk.  The  stars  are  of  gold  bullion,  very  heavy, 
embroidered  on  a  blue  field.  The  staff  is  surmounted  by  a 
solid  silver  eagle,  heavily  gilded,  and  is  decorated  with  gold 
tassels  of  great  richness.  The  flag  does  great  credit  to  the 
designers  and  donors ;  and  we  feel  assured  has  been  placed  in 
the  hands  of  those  who  will  esteem  it  an  inestimable  privilege 
to  carry  it  in  the  van  of  our  army,  and  will  never  cease  to 
seek  their  country's  welfare  at  any  personal  sacrifice. 

The  donors  of  this  flag  were  —  Mrs.  Richard  S.  Fay, 
jun.,  Miss  Bowditch,  Mrs.  P.  Stevens,  Mrs.  James 
Lawrence,  Mrs.  George  M.  Barnard,  Miss  Btirtlett, 
Miss  Motley,  Mrs.  Eben  Bacon,  Miss  S.  F.  Bradlee, 
Miss  Amory,  Mrs.  John  G.  Gushing,  Mrs.  James  M. 
Codman,  Miss  Sargent,  Mrs.  J.  Ingersoll  Bowditch, 
Mrs.  Mudge,  Mrs.  Alice  Bowditch,  Mrs.  N.  T.  Bow- 
ditch. 


£«       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

How  gallantly  this  flag — the  battle-flag — was  borne, 
may  be  seen  in  its  remnants  at  the  State  House. 

The  State  flag  was  presented  on  the  1st  of  July.  It 
had  upon  one  side  the  State  arms  and  motto,  with  the 
name  of  the  regiment;  on  the  other,  the  inscription, 
"We  bear  the  flag,  and  keep  step  to  the  music,  of  the 
Union,"  with  the  name  of  the  regiment  repeated. 

The  donors  of  this  flag  were  —  Miss  Gary,  Mrs. 
Bangs,  Misses  Bangs,  Mrs.  Jere.  Abbott,  Mrs.  J.  M. 
Bell,  Mrs.  Rufus  Choate,  Mrs.  J.  E.  Pratt,  Mrs.  Good 
win,  Miss  Bowditch,  Mrs.  Henry  F.  Durant,  Miss 
Bartlett,  Miss  Adams,  Miss  A.  Reynolds,  Miss  Amory, 
Misses  Austen,  Miss  Horton,  Miss  Tyler,  Miss  Upton, 
Miss  Thwing,  Miss  Gray,  Miss  Hall,  Mrs.  Whitmore, 
Miss  Lombard,  Miss  Blake,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Upham,  Miss 
J.  Whitney,  Mrs.  S.  H.  Walley,  Miss  Brewer,  Mrs. 
John  E.  Lodge,  Mrs.  R.  C.  Mackay,  Mrs.  T.  H. 
Perkins,  Mrs.  Samuel  Hooper,  Mrs.  J.  T.  Coolidge, 
Mrs.  J.  S.  Coolidge,  Mrs.  H.  Ritchie,  Miss  Curtis,  Miss 
Abbott,  Miss  Higginson. 

Hon.  George  S.  Hillard  made  the  address  of  presen 
tation,  in  behalf  of  the  ladies  who  gave  it.  So  far  as 
preserved,  his  remarks  were  as  follows  :  — 

Colonel  Gordon,  —  I  have  been  requested  to  present  this 
flag  to  the  regiment  under  your  command.  It  is  the  gift  of 
some  of  our  patriotic  countrywomen,  who,  since  the  breaking- 
out  of  this  war,  have  shown  in  so  many  ways  their  high- 
souled  devotion  to  the  cause  of  their  country.  For  their  sake, 
as  well  as  for  the  ideas  which  it  symbolizes,  I  am  sure  it  will 
have  a  peculiar  value  in  your  eyes.  And  I  have  much  pleas 
ure  in  performing  this  duty.  I  feel  a  special  interest  in  the 


CAMP    ANDREW.  29 

fate  and  fortunes  of  your  regiment,  from  the  fact  that  among 
your  ranks  are  several  of  my  friends  and  one  dear  kinsman. 

Upon  this  flag  are  displayed  the  arms  of  Massachusetts,  a 
State  which  we  love  so  well,  and  which  so  well  deserves  our 
love.  But  we  love  the  Union  none  the  less,  but  all  the  more, 
because  of  our  local  attachment  to  the  particular  spot  in 
which  our  lot  has  been  cast.  The  affections  of  the  heart  are 
increased,  and  not  exhausted,  by  use.  What  should  we  say  of 
the  man  who  should  affirm  that  his  love  for  his  father  was  so 
great  that  he  had  none  left  to  bestow  upon  his  mother? 
Such,  it  seems  to  me,  is  the  attitude  of  those  who  profess  an 
allegiance  to  their  State  of  such  kind  and  degree  as  to  be 
incompatible  with  an  affectionate  loyalty  to  the  Union. 

The  flag  has  also  as  a  motto  or  device  the  words,  "  We 
carry  the  flag,  and  keep  step  to  the  music,  of  the  Union." 
You  know  by  what  eloquent  lips,  now  sealed  in  death,  these 
words  were  spoken,  —  words  which  have  become  proverbial 
and  immortal,  a  part  of  the  circulating  wealth  of  the  intellect 
ual  realm.  This  expression  is  one  of  those  — 

"  Jewels,  five  words  long, 
That  on  the  stretched  forefinger  of  all  time 
Sparkle  for  ever." 

In  the  quarry  of  that  rich  and  creative  mind  many  such 
crystals  of  speech  were  elaborated,  —  symmetrical,  glittering, 
translucent.  These  words  of  the  great  orator,  patriot,  and 
statesman,  are  with  peculiar  propriety  borne  upon  this  banner, 
because  his  kindred  and  the  children  of  his  blood  have  been 
largely  instrumental  in  procuring  it,  and  because  his  only  son 
is  serving  under  your  command.  Assuredly,  the  father's 
spirit  is  well  pleased  with  what  it  sees  this  day. 

And  here  I  might  pause ;  for  that  which  I  was  desired  to 
do  I  have  done.  But  you  and  the  officers  and  men  under 
your  command  will  permit  me  to  make  this  occasion  the  text 
for  a  few  observations  which  I  hope  may  prove  pertinent 
thereto. 


30       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Colonel  Gordon  replied  appropriately,  but  the  reply 
was  never  written  out. 

The  "  Transcript "  added  :  - 

"  Both  speeches  were  received  with  cheers ;  and  at  the  close 
the  regiment  was  marched  into  the  camp,  and,  after  an  inter 
val  of  rest,  was  drawn  up  for  the  evening  dress-parade,  the 
execution  of  which  excited  high  praise.  A  refreshing  colla 
tion  was  dispensed  at  head-quarters ;  and  the  company  were 
entertained  by  music  from  the  well-trained  band,  until  the 
shades  of  evening  compelled  them  to  beat  an  unwilling 
retreat." 

No  regiment  had  warmer  or  kinder  friends.  The 
mere  suggestion  of  any  want  brought  immediate  sup 
ply.  Money  or  time  was  not  then,  nor  ever  after, 
spared  to  furnish  the  Second  with  every  thing  that 
thoughtful  love  could  imagine.  Evidence  of  this  will 
appear  in  the  course  of  this  record.  The  Second 
repaid  the  kindness,  on  many  a  hard-fought  field. 

Nearly  two  months  passed  away  in  steady  prepara 
tion.  Hard  work,  and  severe  —  sometimes  irksome  — 
discipline,  made  it  no  holiday.  But  it  had  its  bright 
side.  Memory  reproduces  the  spot.  The  guard  at  the 
entrance ;  the  head-quarters,  with  the  sentinel  walking 
his  post,  —  a  strange  sight;  the  flagstaff  where,  from 
reveille  to  retreat,  the  Stars  and  Stripes  floated ;  the 
hospital  in  the  rear  of  head -quarters,  where  surgeon  and 
assistant  surgeon  faithfully  ministered ;  the  winding 
road  to  the  slope  where  the  old  tents  were  ranged  in 
double  lines  with  company-street  between ;  the  cook 
houses  on  the  left ;  the  line-officers'  tents  crowning  the 


CAMP  ANDREW.  31 

slope ;  the  quarters  of  the  excellent  bcand ;  the  river 
where  men  bathed  by  companies  ;  the  drill-ground  ;  the 
hollow  where,  on  the  sabbath,  was  public  worship ; 
the  level  where,  evening  after  evening,  beauty  and 
generosity  watched  the  strange  and  fascinating  parade, 
—  all  are  before  the  eye  of  such  of  the  thousand  men 
as  the  fate  of  war  has  left ;  a  thinned  band  now ;  and 
many  that  are  left  are  scarred  and  maimed,  to  whom, 
with  other  thousands,  their  country  owes  eternal  grati 
tude. 

Late  in  the  evening  of  the  6th  of  July  came  this 
communication  :  — 

CAMP  GORDON,  July  6,  8£,  P.M. 
COLONEL  GORDON,  Second  Regiment,  M.Y. 

Sir,  —  The  following  despatch  was  received  at  head-quar 
ters  this  afternoon,  at  four  o'clock  :  — 

WAR  DEPARTMENT,  July  6,  1861 
ADJUTANT-GENERAL,  MASS. 

Governor  Andrew  has  been  requested  [by]  telegraph  to 
the  Brevoort  House,  New  York,  to  order  Colonel  Gordon's 
regiment  to  proceed  as  rapidly  as  possible  to  Williamsport, 
via  Chambersburg,  and  report  to  Major-General  Patterson. 

WINFIELD   SCOTT. 

In  the  absence  of  His  Excellency,  I  communicate  the 
message.  Inasmuch  as  they  knew,  at  "Washington,  that 
your  command  was  to  leave  on  Monday,  the  fact  of  General 
Scott  sending  the  message  makes  it  apparent  that  he  wished 
you  to  leave  before ;  and  we  shall  endeavor  to  make  ar 
rangements  to  enable  your  regiment  to  leave  for  New  York, 
to-morrow,  P.M. 

WM.  SCHOULER,  Adjutant-General. 


32  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

Arrangements  were  not  completed  for  the  next  after 
noon  :  but,  on  the  morning  of  the  8th  of  July,  tents 
were  struck ;  baggage  was  packed ;  quarters  aban 
doned ;  the  men  formed  in  column;  "route  step,  for 
ward  !  "  and  CAMP  ANDREW  ceased  to  be. 


PATTERSON'S  CAMPAIGN.  33 


III. 

PATTERSON'S  CAMPAIGN. 

WHEN,  at  ten  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  8th  of 
July,  1861,  Camp  Andrew  was  abandoned, — never 
more  to  be  occupied  by  troops ,  —  the  regiment  marched 
a  mile  and  a  half  to  West-Roxbury  station,  on  the 
Dedham  Branch,  to  take  cars  for  Boston.  It  was  an 
intensely  hot  day,  never  surpassed  in  severity  in  any 
campaigns  in  Virginia  or  Georgia.  At  Boston,  the  in 
tended  line  of  march  through  the  principal  streets  was 
wisely  abandoned,  although  to  the  disappointment  of 
many  friends  who  had  provided  refreshments  at  various 
points.  The  regiment,  under  the  escort  of  the  Cadets, 
was  taken  only  from  the  station,  through  Tremont, 
Park,  and  Beacon  Streets,  to  the  southern  end  of  the 
Beacon-street  Mall,  on  the  Common,  where  tables 
loaded  with  luxuries  awaited  it.  Partings  were  ended  by 
and  by ;  and,  through  the  densest  of  crowded  throngs, 
the  waving  of  flags,  and  the  cheers  of  thousands,  the 
regiment  entered  the  Providence  station.  Wagons, 
horses,  baggage,  and  wagoners,  who  had  come  direct 
ly  to  Boston,  had  their  own  train.  A  thousand 
and  thirty-five  men  occupied  theirs ;  and,  late  in  the 

3 


34  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS   INFANTRY. 

afternoon,  the  journey  of  years  began,1  with  welcome 
at  every  station,  —  along  the  waters,  which  glittered  in 
the  evening  moonlight ;  upon  the  steamer  at  Groton, 
with  but  one  accident,  the  stepping  of  an  officer  into 
the  water,  from  which  he  emerged  safely;  over  the 
Sound  through  the  night,  and  in  the  waters  of  New- 
York  Bay  in  the  morning ;  landing,  and  a  rest  in  City- 
Hall  Park,  with  food  for  the  men,  while  a  breakfast  at 
the  Astor  exhibited  the  generous  love  of  the  host  for 
the  Second,  —  to  be  repeated  when  that  same  spot  was 
again  its  camp  in  1863  ;  an  ovation  in  the  streets ; 
steamboat  to  Elizabethport ;  hours  of  waiting  there, 
with  new  kindnesses ;  and,  at  eleven  o'clock  at  night, 
on  the  train  of  the  New- Jersey  Central. 

Then  there  was  a  long  journey  across  New  Jersey ; 
sweeping  through  central  Pennsylvania ;  meeting  the 
fires  of  the  iron-furnaces  at  the  gray  of  dawn ;  dipping 
hands  and  bathing  faces,  at  a  short  halt,  in  the  beauti 
ful  river  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  ;  dashing  down  the  mag 
nificent  wheat-fields  of  the  Cumberland  Valley  ;  across 
the  lovely  Susquehanna,  at  Harrisburg ;  and  entering 
Hagerstown  past  midnight,  to  meet,  for  the  first  time, 
the  peremptory  "Halt !  "  of  the  sentinel,  before  finding 
rest  in  the  churches  of  that  town ;  on  the  next  afternoon, 
marching  to  Williamsport,  there  to  pitch  the  new  Sib- 
ley  tents  on  the  level  beside  the  Potomac,  under  the 
few  guns  on  the  bluff  above ;  at  five  next  morning, 


l  On  the  Common,  one  man  left.  "  The  sheriffs  of  our  several  counties 
and  their  respective  deputies  "  found  "  the  bod}'  of  George  H.  Sweet,  of  Ty- 
ringham,  in  the  county  of  Berkshire,  a  minor,"  by  direction  of  "Theron 
Metcalf,  J.S.J.C.  "  The  body  was  alive. 


PATTERSON'S  CAMPAIGN.  35 

July  12,  fording  the  river,  and  entering  that  Virginia 
destined  to  furnish  the  grave  of  many  a  hero. 

It  was  thirteen  miles  to  Martinsburg,  and  knapsacks 
were  heavy ;  but,  in  the  afternoon,  that  place  was 
reached.  The  last  mile  was  lined  with  lively  men,  the 
three-months'  soldiers,  who  were  amazed  to  see  men 
march  with  knapsacks  ;  and  when,  passing  through  the 
town,  and  turning  to  the  left,  the  regiment  halted  on  a 
pleasant  height,  it  pitched  its  tents  among  the  camps  of 
Patterson's  eighteen  thousand  men.  Here  we  obtained 
much  news;  viz.,  that  "Johnston  is  falling  back," 
that  "  Johnston  is  so  chagrined  at  his  position  that  he 
is  continually  drunk ;  "  that  "  two  companies  of  rebels 
have  deserted  to  our  side,"  and  other  equally  valuable 
information.  On  the  14th,  the  regiment  was  assigned 
to  the  sixth  brigade,  Colonel  Abercrombie. 

General  Patterson,  who  had  been  a  captain  in  the 
war  of  1812,  and  had  served  with  credit  in  Mexico,  was 
a  Pennsylvanian,  of  the  three-months'  service.  His 
forces  had  been  collected  at  Chamber sburg,  where  he 
took  command  on  the  2d  of  June,  and  his  first  object 
was  to  dislodge  the  enemy  from  Harper's  Ferry. 
When,  after  overcoming  various  obstacles,  he  advanced 
to  Williamsport,  which  he  reached  on  the  15th,  the 
rebel  Johnston  abandoned  Harper's  Ferry,  and  fell  back 
to  four  miles  below  Charlestown.  On  the  16th,  Gen 
eral  Patterson  had  partially  crossed  the  river,  when  he 
received  a  despatch,  "  Send  all  the  regular  troops,  horse 
and  foot,  and  the  Ehode-Island  Regiment  to  Washing 
ton."  Thus  left  without  a  single  piece  of  artillery, 


36       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

and  but  one  "  troop  "  of  cavalry,  and  sadly  weakened 
by  the  loss  of  regulars,  he  was  obliged  to  recross. 
After  vexatious  trials  as  to  requests  for  re-enforcements 
and  as  to  transportation,  he  recrossed,  on  the  2d  of 
July,  with  less  than  eleven  thousand  men,  and  with  one 
battery  of  smooth  bores.  A  sharp  skirmish  at  Falling 
Waters  hardly  impeded  his  progress ;  and,  the  next 
day,  he  entered  Martinsburg.  When  the  Second 
arrived,  it  made,  with  other  re-enforcements,  his  force 
eighteen  thousand  and  two  hundred  men.  The  enemy 
was  in  some  force  at  Bunker  Hill,  twelve  miles  from 
Martinsburg ;  and  had  fortified  Winchester,  nine  miles 
south  of  Bunker  Hill. 

General  Patterson  was  now  directed  to  detain  John 
ston  in  the  valley,  while  operations  from  Washington 
were  directed  against  the  enemy  at  Manassas.  His  own 
plan  of  transferring  his  command  to  Leesburg,  thus  se 
curing  Harper's  Ferry ;  opening  a  shorter  line  for  his 
supplies ;  and  being  in  position  either  to  re-enforce 
McDowell  or  to  strike  Johnston  (if  his  force  war 
ranted)  ,  should  that  general  move  towards  Manassas, — 
had  not  met  with  approval  at  the  War  Department, 
although  afterwards  declared  by  General  Halleck  the 
proper  course.  General  Patterson  was  thus  left  to  do 
the  impossible  thing  of  keeping  at  Winchester  an  army 
which  could  at  liberty  move  out  of  it,  on  exactly  the 
opposite  side,  to  re-enforce  the  enemy's  main  army. 

On  the  llth  of  July,  he  was  warned  from  Washing 
ton,  that  the  rebels  intended  to  attack,  when  they  had 
drawn  him  "  sufficiently  far  back  from  the  river  [that  is, 


PATTERSON'S  CAMPAIGN.  37 

towards  Winchester]  to  render  impossible  his  retreat 
across  it  on  being  vanquished."  A  council  called  by 
General  Patterson  (of  whose  members  five  afterwards 
became  general  officers,  including  Major-General  Thom 
as)  unanimously  opposed  an  advance  on  Winchester. 
But,  as  a  demonstration  was  wanted  to  be  made  at  the 
same  time  with  McDowell's  attack,  preparations  were 
made  to  move  forward  as  far  as  Bunker  Hill,  with  the 
intention  of  afterwards  moving  to  Charlestown.  On 
Sunday  evening,  the  14th,  orders  were  issued  to  cook 
rations ;  and  the  camp-fires  lighted  hills  and  valleys. 
That  afternoon,  the  Second  had  held  its  first  public 
religious  worship  in  the  field ;  and  the  same  afternoon 
the  sick  were  sent  back  to  Williamsport.  One  of  that 
number,  Hibbard,  of  Company  A,  was  the  first  who 
died  after  the  regiment  had  left  home  :  it  was  on  the 
5th  of  August. 

March  in  the  morning.  The  army  was  on  two  par 
allel  roads.  Arrived  at  the  dirty  hamlet  of  Bunker 
Hill  in  the  afternoon.  Pickets  thrown  out  till  they 
encountered  Johnston's.  Bivouacked  that  night.  A 
gentle  shower  rather  impaired  its  effect,  —  a  new  expe 
rience  then. 

The  next  day,  the  16th,  was  the  day .  designated  by 
General  Scott.  The  battle  was  supposed  to  be  fought. 
Johnston  was  still  at  Winchester;  so,  on  the  17th,  the 
army  moved  to  Charlestown,  where  it  would  be  as 
well  situated  in  reference  to  Winchester,  and  decidedly 
better  as  to  itself.  The  Second  was  in  column  at  three 
A.M.,  and  moved  at  eleven.  Those  were  the  days  of 


38       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

trains  :  when  the  head  had  reached  Charlestown,  eight 
miles  off,  three  miles  of  the  column  had  yet  to  start ! 
At  Middleway,  the  people  scowled  at  the  flag;  at 
Charlestown,  the  women  scowled  and  spit.  At  eleven 
at  night,  the  Second  bivouacked  just  westward  of  the 
town.  "We  haven't  had  such  a  crowd,"  said  the 
people  next  day,  "since  John  Brown  was  hung." 
John  Brown  was  their  standard  topic ;  and  the  soldiers 
were  curious.  They  carried  off,  in  small  bits,  a  timber 
of  the  gallows  frame.  Perhaps  they  never  discovered 
that  they  had  got  the  wrong  stick ;  but  as  to  the  place 
of  execution,  which  thousands  visited,  there  was  no 
mistake. 

When  General  Patterson  found  that  the  battle  had 
not  been  fought,  he  issued  orders  for  "rations  cooked, 
and  in  haversacks ;  and  to  prepare  to  march  imme 
diately."  This  was  on  the  18th :  but  his  men's  time 
was  out,  or  nearly  so  ;  they  would  not  move  towards 
the  enemy.  He  entreated  and  expostulated,  but  in 
vain.  All  he  could  do,  therefore,  was  to  fall  back 
to  Harper's  Ferry.  When  Johnston  actually  left 
Winchester,  Patterson  telegraphed  the  fact  to  General 
Scott. 

On  the  18th,  in  the  afternoon,  the  Second  was 
ordered  alone  to  Harper's  Ferry.  It  camped  in  the 
superintendent's  grounds  that  night.  On  Sunday, 
the  21st,  General  Patterson  came  with  his  whole  force. 
The  Second  moved  across  the  road,  and  bivouacked. 
On  the  23d,  Colonel  Gordon  was  placed  in  command 
of  the  post,  with  the  Second  "  as  temporary  garrison." 


PATTERSON'S  CAMPAIGN.  39 

Among  other  incidents,  thirteen  fugitive  slaves  had  ac 
companied  the  army  to  Harper's  Ferry.  Their  owners 
came  for  them  ;  and  General  Patterson  ordered  that  the 
masters  have  all  assistance.  The  fugitives  were  sent 
back  to  their  rebel  owners.  That  same  week,  the 
battle  of  Bull  Kun  was  fought;  and  the  owners  of 
some  of  those  very  slaves  were  in  the  rebel  army  that 
day. 

General  Patterson  long  suffered  under  public  censure 
for  his  military  conduct ;  but  the  simple  facts  were 
these, — he  was  long  delayed,  before  entering  Virginia, 
by  somebody's  failure  to  supply  transportation :  his 
best  troops  and  all  his  artillery  were  taken  away ; 
when  he  was  —  though  inadequately  —  supplied  and 
armed,  he  necessitated  the  evacuation  of  Harper's 
Ferry  by  the  enemy ;  his  chosen  plan — to  go  to  Lees- 
burg — was  absurdly  refused ;  placed  in  front  of  Win 
chester,  his  strength  was  inferior  to  that  of  the  enemy, 
who  had  also  the  advantage  of  fortifications.  To  at 
tack  was  suicidal ;  and  he  was  even  cautioned,  from 
Washington,  that  the  enemy  was  trying  to  draw  him 
on.  He  was  directed  to  detain  Johnston  at  Winchester, 
lest  he  should  re-enforce  the  enemy  at  Manassas  ;  when 
the  road  to  Manassas  lay  directly  on  the  opposite  side 
of  Winchester,  and  entirely  beyond  the  least  possibility 
of  being  disturbed.  A  day  was  assigned  by  General 
Scott  on  which  this  work  would  be  consummated; 
and  on  that  day  Johnston  was  still  at  Winchester. 
Patterson's  men  were  going  out  of  service  ;  and  went  im 
mediately,  in  spite  of  his  entreaties.  And,  in  his  whole 


40       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

movement,  he  had  then,  as  in  1864,  the  approval  of 
George  H.  Thomas^ — then  on  his  staff,  now  major-gen 
eral, —  whose  opinion  is  decisive.  The  people  demanded 
a  reason  for  the  failure  at  Bull  Eun ;  and  stupidity  in 
Eastern  Virginia  threw  the  blame  on  General  Pat 
terson. 

A  flag  was  presented  to  the  Second,  at  Harper's 
Ferry.  The  loyal  women  of  that  town  had  secretly 
made  a  flag,  to  be  given  to  the  first  national  regiment 
which  should  enter  Harper's  Ferry. 

This  flag,  during  the  occupation  of  the  town  by  the 
traitor  army,  was  secretly  sent  for  safe  keeping  to  Fred 
erick  City,  Maryland.  It  was  brought  back,  after  the 
occupation  of  Harper's  Ferry  by  the  Massachusetts 
Second.  The  occasion  of  the  presentation  was  one  of 
unusual  interest.  The  citizens  assembled  in  the  square, 
on  the  evening  of  July  24 ;  and  Colonel  Gordon, 
accompanied  by  the  officers  of  the  regiment,  the  band, 
and  the  color-bearer,  went  down  from  head-quarters  to 
receive  the  flag. 

It  was  presented  to  the  color-bearer,  and  saluted, 
while  the  band  played  the  Star  Spangled  Banner.  One 
of  the  ladies,  Miss  Annie  Marlatt,  then  spoke  as 
follows  :  — 

Soldiers  of  the  Union :  Thankful  that  you  have  come  here 
to  protect  our  homes  and  our  firesides,  and  in  view  of  your 
kind  and  manly  bearing  toward  us,  we,  the  ladies  of  Harper's 
Ferry,  take  pleasure  in  presenting  you  this  banner,  —  the 
Stars  and  Stripes  which  our  forefathers,  our  Washington,  and 
our  kinsmen,  both  North  and  South,  fought  under.  Take  it, 
and  may  you  preserve  it  unblemished ;  and  may  it  be  a  beacon 


PATTERSON'S  CAMPAIGN.  41 

of  protection  to  life,  liberty,  and  happiness,  wherever  it  may 
float !  You  may  then  rely  upon  the  prayers,  blessings,  and 
good  wishes  of  the  ladies  of  Harper's  Ferry. 

Colonel  Gordon  then  replied  as  follows  :  — 

We  are  proud,  ladies  of  Harper's  Ferry,  to  receive  from 
your  hands  this  emblem  of  our  unbroken  nationality.  The 
presentation  of  our  nation's  color  on  Virginia  soil,  by  Virgini 
ans,  to  a  regiment  of  patriotic,  Union-loving  soldiers  from 
Massachusetts,  is  significant.  It  is  an  appeal,  by  men  and 
women  of  Virginia,  to  Massachusetts  soldiers,  to  protect  them 
in  their  constitutional  rights  and  privileges  against  the  treas 
onable  efforts  of  rebels,  who  are  represented  by  that  despicable 
secession-rag  that  dares  to  flaunt  its  accursed  folds  upon  our 
nation's  soil. 

Ladies  of  Virginia,  we  accept  this  color  with  the  responsi 
bilities  that  it  brings.  Our  fathers  and  your  fathers  fought 
together  to  establish  the  government  which  the  old  Star- 
spangled  Banner  represents  ;  and,  so  long  as  life  shall ,  linger 
in  a  single  Northern  heart,  so  long  we  swear  to  uphold  this 
flag ;  and  accord  to  you  the  protection  it  is  able  to  offer  ! 

Let  the  old  flag  float  to  the  breeze,  and  wave  for  ever  over 
our  country ;  insuring  protection  to  life,  liberty,  and  property, 
under  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States ! 

Company  I,  Captain  Underwood,  was  temporarily 
detached  the  day  after  reaching  Harper's  Ferry.  It 
was  sent  off,  on  canal-boats,  to  the  mouth  of  the  Mono- 
cacy,  where  it  did  vigilant  service  in  capturing  contra 
band  supplies.  Although  repeatedly  destroyed  (by 
rumor),  it  returned,  a  few  weeks  afterwards,  entirely 
unharmed. 

On  the  25th  of  July,  Major-General  Banks  took 
command.  On  the  28th,  he  took  the  whole  force 


42  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS   INFANTRY. 

(except  the  Second,  which  was  to  remain)  over  the 
Potomac.  The  force  then  was  :  "  Three  companies  of 
cavalry,  19th  New  York,  28th  New  York,  12th  New 
York,  5th  New  York,  21st  Pennsylvania,  Ehode-Island 
Battery,"  and  "  Colonel  Stone's  brigade."  The  next  day, 
the  "  three  companies  of  the  2d  Massachusetts  Volun 
teers,  will  be  stationed  as  a  garrison  in  Harper's  Ferry, 
and  the  detachment  of  the  2d  Cavalry  [20  men]  now 
there,  the  whole  under  the  command  of  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Andrews,  2d  Massachusetts  Regiment.  The 
remaining  companies  of  that  regiment,  and  three  guns 
of  the  Ehode-Island  Battery,  will  be  stationed  under 
the  command  of  Colonel  Gordon  of  the  2d  Massachu 
setts  Volunteers,  upon  the  plateau  on  the  Maryland 
side,  west  of  the  Maryland  Heights.  The  troops  on  the 
plateau  will  be  provided  with  tents,  and  the  necessary 
outfit  for  remaining  there  permanently."  The  station 
was  occupied,  — but  the  "  tents  "  did  not  appear.  The 
trains  were,  with  the  rest  of  the  division,  in  Pleasant 
Valley. 

The  Second  passed  one  night  in  a  half-destroyed 
arsenal  building.  It  held  public  worship  there,  near 
night,  when  "Old  Hundred"  rolled  up  from  near  a 
thousand  voices,  under  the  crash  of  a  mighty  thunder 
storm.  When  it  crossed,  the  next  day,  it  was  by  an  old 
ford,  re-opened,  which  had  been  used  by  the  Virginia 
troops  in  1775. 

The  campaign  was  ended.  The  enemy  held  the  val 
ley  —  and  Manassas. 


WATCHING   THE   KIVER.  43 


IV. 


WATCHING   THE    RIVER. 

GENERAL  BANKS'S  division  was  camped,  in  the  early 
part  of  August,  mainly  in  Pleasant  Valley,  which  lay 
behind  Maryland  Heights.  On  a  ridge  there,  looking 
eastward  across  the  Potomac,  were  the  general's  head 
quarters  ;  and  near  by  was  Doubleday  (afterwards 
general)  with  his  guns,  —  one  thirty-two  pounder 
among  them,  whose  shots  used  to  startle  the  citizens  of 
London  County.  Doubleday  left  on  the  26th  of 
August.  The  three-months'  men  went,  and  the  three- 
years'  men  came.  Massachusetts  sent  the  12th  and 
13th. 

But  the  Second  was  stationed  on  the  plateau  over 
looking  Harper's  Ferry ;  without  wagons  or  tents,  on 
account  of  the  exposed  position  of  the  place.  From 
the  road  under  the  heights  (the  road  by  which  Lieu 
tenant  Jones  had  moved  off  after  firing  the  arsenals),  a 
crooked  path  led  up  the  hill  a  mile  or  so,  by  the  beau 
tiful  spring,  to  Tinsel's  house, — the  house  at  whose 
gate  JOHN  BROWN  had  stopped  to  make  inquiries. 
Half  a  mile  beyond  was  the  schoolhouse  under  whose 
floor  John  Brown  had  hid  his  arms. 

Here  were  three  weeks  of  bivouac,  hard  work,  plenty 


44       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

of  rain,  and  scanty  bacon-sides  of  a  very  poor  quality. 
The  hard  fare  was  the  fault  of  nobody  in  the  regiment. 
Every  effort  was  made  to  secure  better.  Colonel  Gor 
don  had  early  taught  his  officers,  "Your  first  duty  is  not 
to  see  that  your  quarters  are  ready,  but  your  men's ; 
not  to  get  your  supper,  but  to  see  that  your  men  have 
theirs."  But  when  quarters  were  shelters  of  boughs, 
and  nobody  had  any  supper,  little  could  be  done.  The 
only  decent  shelter  was  the  ingenious  contrivance  of  the 
band. 

The  hospital  was  established  in  the  little  brick  house1 
which  stood  by  the  canal-lock  under  the  cliff.  It  was 
full,  —  not  of  Massachusetts  men  only,  but  from  the 
remnants  of  the  three-months'  men.  Surgeon  Sargent 
was  in  charge ;  Assistant-Surgeon  Stone  was  on  de 
tached  service  at  Hagerstown.  Of  that  building,  not 
a  brick  remains. 

•  Colonel  Gordon  still  commanded  the  post  of  Harper's 
Ferry ;  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Andrews  occupied  the 
Armory  grounds,  over  the  ford,  with  companies  A,  C, 
and  G.  Picket-duty,  drill,  and  the  brightest  polish  ever 
possible  on  brass,  was  the  daily  business.  Rebel  prison 
ers  were  kept  in  the  engine-house  which  John  Brown 
had  made  his  fortress,  in  whose  walls  the  holes  he  had 
pierced  for  his  muskets  still  remained.  The  fire  which 
had  destroyed  the  other  buildings  had  left  this  one  un 
touched.  Was  it  prophetic? 

The  regiment  was  a  part  of  the  second  brigade, 
Colonel  (afterwards  General)  Abercrombie,  Department 
of  the  Shenandoah.  Brigade  head-quarters  were  five 
miles  off,  behind  the  hills. 


WATCHING   THE   EIVER.  45 

There  were  various  alarms,  and  once  a  sharp  skirmish 
across  the  river,  with  none  of  the  Second  hurt.  Noth 
ing  more  than  picket,  guard,  drill,  and  supporting  the 
battery  on  the  crest,  and  the  first  coming  of  the  pay 
master, —  until  the  17th  of  August,  when  the  whole 
force  was  to  be  restationed  along  the  river.  The  first 
disposition  of  it  was  as  follows  (by  order  dated  Aug. 
18)  :  Colonel  Kenly  at  Williamsport,  Colonel  Leonard 
at  Sharpsburg,  Colonel  Gordon  at  Sandy  Hook,  Col 
onel  Geary  at  Point  of  Rocks,  Colonel  Donnelly  at 
Berlin,  Colonel  Thomas  at  Urbana,  General  Hamilton 
at  Buckeystown,  Colonel  Abercrombie  at  Hyattstown. 
But  some  of  these  were  soon  changed.  The  Second, 
on  the  evening  of  the  17th,  was  moved  around  the 
Heights,  to  Sandy  Hook,  to  remain  a  few  days.  As 
the  companies  were  to  be  withdrawn  from  Harper's 
Ferry,  Herr's  flour-mills  were  destroyed.  A  great 
quantity  of  flour  was  sent  off,  and  forty  or  fifty  thou 
sand  bushels  of  wheat  and  "  offal "  destroyed  to  prevent 
its  use  by  the  enemy. 

On  the  19th,  there  was  "information,  that  the  rebels 
are  inarching  on  Harper's  Ferry,  six  thousand  strong." 
Colonel  Gordon  made  preparations  with  his  regiment, 
and  sent  for  two  pieces  of  artillery,  as  authorized. 
"  Don't  retire  entirely  without  making  your  enemy  feel 
you,"  telegraphed  Fitz-John  Porter.  Colonel  Gordon 
requested  Colonel ,  who  was  to  leave  Williams- 
port  for  Buckystovvn,  to  come  by  the  way  of  Sandy 
Hook,  as  there  was  prospect  of  a  fight ;  but  the  Colonel 
replied,  "  It  would  be  out  of  the  way  to  go  so  far  down 


46  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

the  river."  The  commander  of  the  Twenty-eighth  New 
York,  however,  who  had  sent  information,  sent  word 
also,  "If  you  have  a  good  strong  show  for  a  fight,  let  us 
know ;  we  will  come  up  with  what  little  force  we  can 
muster  that  are  not  shoeless"  But  nothing  came  of 
the  matter. 

Relieved  by  Colonel  Geary,  the  Second  and  the 
Twenty-eighth  New  York  proceeded  to  join  their  brig 
ades  at  Hyattstown,  camping  the  first  night  at  Jefferson, 
the  second  at  Buckeystown,  and  on  the  third  —  after 
being  drenched  by  a  pouring  rain  all  day,  hearing  driv 
ers  swear  their  teams  out  of  a  difficult  slough,  and 
seeing  a  liquor  shop  emptied  by  order  —  turned  into 
Hall's  Field,  which  was  very  wet.  Pitched  tents  there 
next  day, — as  it  proved,  to  stay  for  nearly  two  months. 
Water  from  the  well  was  ten  cents  a  bucket,  till  General 
Banks  interfered.  From  the  25th  of  August  to  the  6th 
of  September,  Colonel  Gordon  commanded  the  brigade, 
which  consisted  of  the  Second,  the  12th  Massachusetts 
(Colonel  Fletcher  Webster),  12th  and  16th  Indiana, 
and  (from  the  15th  of  September)  the  1st  Pennsylvania 
Battery. 

On  the  13th  of  September,  General  McClellan's 
order  said,  "  Commanders  of  divisions,  brigades,  and 
regiments  are  directed  to  give  their  personal  attention 
to  prepare  their  commands  to  take  the  field.  All 
unnecessary  baggage  will  be  disposed  of."  The  Second 
prepared,  and  took  the  field, — "Hall's  Field ;"  also,  the 
well  from  which  water  had  been  sold  to  the  soldiers  at 
ten  cents  a  bucket. 


WATCHING   THE    RIVER .  47 

!  General  Banks  commanded  from  Tenallytown  to 
near  Pools ville,  where  General  Stone  was  met.  He 
had  to  watch  the  river,  so  the  usual  picketing  was  done. 
There  was  drill  three  times  a  day  (with  knapsacks, 
by  order  of  General  Banks,  on  the  23d  of  Septem 
ber).  Officers'  recitations  (which  General  Abercrom- 
bie's  order  of  Sept.  23  extended  to  the  other  regiments 
in  the  brigade)  were  regularly  had.  On  the  25th, 
a  re-organization  of  General  Banks's  force  took  place. 
First  brigade,  General  Abercrombie  :  12th  Massachu 
setts,  16th  Indiana,  12th  Indiana,  30th  Pennsylva- 
caia,  1st  Pennsylvania  Battery,  the  Van  Alen  (N.Y.) 
Cavalry,  and,  subsequently,  the  66th  Pennsylvania. 
Second  brigade,  General  Hamilton  :  9th  New- York 
State  Militia,  3d  Wisconsin,  13th  Massachusetts,  4th 
Connecticut,  29th  Pennsylvania,  and  Best's  Battery 
(4th  United-States  Artillery).  Third  brigade,  Colonel 
Gordon:  2d  Massachusetts,  28th  New  York,  19th 
New  York  (afterwards  changed  into  3d  New- York 
Artillery),  5th  Connecticut,  46th  Pennsylvania,  and, 
afterwards,  Rhode-Island  Battery  A.  On  the  same 
day,  the  quarter-master  of  the  Second,  R.  Morris 
Copeland,  was  made  assistant  adjutant-general  on 
General  Banks's  staff.  On  the  15th  of  October,  Briga 
dier-General  A.  S.  Williams  was  assigned  to  the  third 
brigade.  For  three  years  the  Second  was  in  his  com 
mand,  and  he  kept  their  respect.  Brave,  cool,  genial, 
experienced  in  Mexico,  he  was  a  favorite.  If  not,  he 
would  never  have  got  the  pet  title  of  "Papa,"  —  short 
ened  by  and  by  into  "Pap."  When  the  men,  in  after 


48  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS   INFANTKY. 

years,  used  to  say  "Here  comes  'Pap,'"  they  felt  that 
matters  would  go  on  right ;  and  "  Pap  "  knew  and  be 
lieved  in  the  Second.1 

Around  Hall's  Field  gathered  traders.  Barns  and 
sheds  were  filled  with  various  kinds  of  merchandise. 
Butter,  eggs,  and  milk  were  sold  at  prices  wonderful  to 
the  old  farmers.  Tobacco  was  a  staple ;  and  cooked 
eatables  sold  handsomely.  And  a  sergeant  of  the 
Second  got  married  to  a  Massachusetts  woman,  —  the 
chaplain  officiating,  of  course. 

The  whole  division  was  put  into  good  shape,  in 
doing  which,  some  of  the  non-commissioned  officers  a? 
the  Second  were  detailed  to  drill  new  regiments.  It 
was  in  this  vicinity,  that  a  colonel  was  sadly  annoyed 
once.  The  colonel  formally  complained  to  the  colonel  of 
an  adjoining  regiment,  that  the  men  of  the  latter  so  dis 
turbed  him,  on  the  night  before,  that  he  could  not  sleep. 
"  I'll  punish  them,"  said  the  latter  ;  "  but  what  did  they 
do?"  —  "Why,  there  was  one  of  your  sentries  who  kept 
calling  out, r  Corporal  of  the  guard,  post  four  ! '  At  last, 


i  ALPHEUS  STARKEY  WILLIAMS,  born  at  Saybrook,  Conn.,  Sept.  20, 
1810,  son  of  Ezra  and  Hepzibah  (Starkey)  Williams.  His  father  died  in 
1818.  Alpheus  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1831 ;  was  in  Europe  from  1834 
to  1836;  was  a  lawyer,  judge  of  probate,  &c.;  bought  the  "Detroit  Daily 
Advertiser,"  and  edited  it;  in  1847,  was  in  the  Mexican  war  as  lieutenant- 
colonel,  First  Michigan  Volunteer  Infantry;  returned,  July,  1848;  post 
master  at  Detroit,  1848  to  1852;  in  mercantile  business  until  1861;  was 
appointed  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  17th  May,  1861,  and  had  charge 
of  Camp  of  Instruction  at  Detroit  until  September,  1861,  when  he  reported 
to  General  Banks;  was  assigned  to  command  of  division,  20th  March,  1862; 
commanded  the  corps  at  Antietam  after  General  Mansfield's  fall;  was 
breveted  major-general  in  1864;  was  in  Sherman's  campaigns  to  Atlanta, 
Savannah,  and  Virginia. 


WATCHING    THE    RIVER.  49 

I  went  out  to  stop  his  noise;  but  without  effect."  — 
"What  did  you  say  to  him?"— "I  said,  'My  friend, 
if  you  want  corporal  of  the  guard,  post  four,  why  don't 
you  go  after  him,  instead  of  disturbing  people's  sleep 
this  way  ? ' '  The  colonel  of  the  disturbing  regiment 
stared ;  but,  finding  the  other  serious,  gave  emphatic 
utterance  in  two  words,  the  second  of  which  was 
"fool."  Such  were  some  of  the  early  officers. 

There  were  reviews  occasionally :  and,  on  the  26th 
of  September,  Fast  Day,  the  whole  division  met  for 
public  worship,  when  half  a  dozen  chaplains  officiated 
(the  chaplain  of  the  Second  preaching,  by  choice  of 
the  major-general)  ;  and  Holmes's  Army  Hymn  was 
sung  as  he  never  heard  it. 

On  the  27th,  Captain  Abbott  was  sent  to  Boston  to 
obtain  recruits,  and  succeeded  very  well :  he  returned 
the  latter  part  of  October. 

Here  Surgeon  Sargent  left  the  regiment.  Unflagging 
devotion  to  duty,  night  and  day,  —  for  the  hospital 
tents  were  filled  with  typhoid  cases,  —  saved  lives  ;  but 
it  broke  his  health.  He  left,  with  the  regrets  of  all :  a 
skilful  surgeon,  a  generous  man,  of  cultivated  powers ; 
too  easily  affected  by  sympathy,  though  it  never  made 
his  hand  tremble, — he  was  a  loss.  The  regiment 
always  remembered  him ;  and  the  old  men  of  the 
Second  were  sad  when  he  —  then  lieutenant-colonel  of 
cavalry — fell  in  battle,  in  1864.  For  a  short  period 
(Dr.  Stone  being  at  Hagerstown  on  hospital  duty), 
Assistant-Surgeon  William  R.  Bennett,  of  the  Fifth 
Connecticut,  was  with  the  regiment,  being  assigned 

4 


50  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS   INFANTRY. 

Sept.  24.  He  was  then,  and  afterwards,  one  of  the 
best  surgeons  and  truest  men  in  the  army.  Assist 
ant-Surgeon  McLellan  served,  also,  a  short  time,  with 
acceptance.  Soon,  Francis  Leland,  of  Milford,  Mass., 
came  out  as  surgeon, —  to  be  wounded  at  Cedar  Moun 
tain,  and,  after  a  faithful  service,  to  leave,  from  pros 
tration  of  health. 

On  the  15th  of  October,  Colonel  Gordon  issued  an 
order  regarding  gambling.  "A  vice  so  pernicious  in 
its  results  upon  individual  character,"  he  said,  "  cannot 
be  indulged  in  without  depraving  the  man,  and  un 
fitting  him  for  the  discharge  of  the  sacred  duty  upon 
which  he  has  entered.  That  which  is  a  recognized 
crime  at  home  should  be,  to  New-England  men,  a 
crime  anywhere.  A  regiment  of  gamblers  cannot 
fight  like  patriots.  All  gambling,  of  any  kind,  for 
money  or  valuables,  with  cards  or  by  any  other 
implements,  is  hereafter  strictly  prohibited  in  this 
regiment." 

On  the  13th  of  October,  General  Banks  said,  "This 
division  may  be  called  upon  to  move  at  any  time 
within  the  next  twenty-four  hours."  It  was  not,  how 
ever. 

On  the  21st,  an  official  wrote  to  the  colonel,  "I 
thought  you  would  like  to  know  that  General  Stone 
and  his  army  are  at  Leesburg, — but  very  slight  fight 
ing."  We  should  have  liked  to  know  it ;  but  we  did 
not.  That  evening  came  an  order  to  cook  rations ; 
and,  at  eight  o'clock,  another  to  leave  tents  and 
wagons,  and  "  move  at  once,  without  baggage ;  leave  a 


WATCHING   THE    RIVER.  51 

guard  to  come  on  with  tents  and  baggage,  rations,  &c. 
Take  what  rations  you  can  in  haversacks."  The  regi 
ment  was  on  the  road  immediately,  at  the  head  of  the 
column.  At  Pools ville,  met  stragglers.  By  the  road 
were  tired  soldiers,  resting  by  fires,  from  whom  we 
learned  of  the  disaster  at  Ball's  Bluff.  At  3J,  A.M, 
the  regiment  was  at  Conrad's  Ferry ;  reported  to  Gen 
eral  Hamilton,  and  was  stationed  up  and  down  the 
river.  Across  the  river  was  the  bluff,  sixty  feet  high, 
where  gallant  men  had  been  uselessly  sacrificed ; 
where  Colonel  Baker  had  said,  "Had  I  two  more 
Massachusetts  regiments,  I  could  beat  them  yet."  He 
had  two  splendid  ones,  the  Fifteenth  and  Twentieth. 
From  Harrison's  Island  the  wounded  were  coming. 
Men  of  the  Second  crossed  the  river  in  skiffs,  and 
brought  back  fugitives,  then  hiding  under  the  bank. 

The  next  day  McClellan  came. 

On  the  23d,  came  an  order  to  move  to  Edvvards's 
Ferry  :  "  The  enemy  threaten  us  in  force  ;  send  two  of 
your  regiments,  especially  the  Second  Massachusetts." 
So  the  regiment  marched  six  miles  that  night ;  and,  the 
same  night,  marched  back  again.  Most  of  the  division 
were  at  Edwards's  Ferry. 

On  the  26th,  the  division  was  ordered  back  to  Darnes- 
town.  Major  D wight  led  with  pioneers.  The  Second, 
on  that  day  assigned  to  Colonel  Abercrombie's  brigade, 
camped  that  night  at  Dawsonville  ;  the  next,  at  Seneca 
Creek,  three  miles  from  Darnestown,  for  duty  on  the 
river ;  and  changed  camp  in  November,  in  a  fallacious 
hope  of  getting  out  of  the  malaria  of  the  river. 


52       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Thanksgiving  Day  came  while  there ;  and  Major 
Dwight,  then  in  command  (Colonel  Gordon  was  absent, 
and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Andrews  severely  sick) ,  issued 
this  order,  in  which,  after  reciting  General  Banks's 
order,  he  said  :  — 

"  Pursuant  to  the  foregoing  suggestions  and  authority,  the 
usual  drills  will  be  dispensed  with  to-morrow ;  and  there  will 
be  a  religious  service,  at  ten  o'clock,  to-morrow  morning,  to  be 
followed  by  the  usual  Thanksgiving  dinner.  It  is  to  be  hoped 
that  the  officers  and  men  of  this  regiment  will  unite  in  revi 
ving  all  the  memories  and  associations  which  belong  to  the 
time-honored  home-festival  of  New  England ;  and  in  public 
thanksgiving  and  praise  for  all  the  blessings  which  have 
followed,  them  since  they  left  the  homes  which  this  festival 
recalls." 

So  the  company  down  by  the  river's  bank  was  relieved 
by  Indiana  men,  and  came  back  to  camp.  Public  wor 
ship  was  held  at  ten  o'clock  ;  and  the  Proclamation  was 
read,  ending,  "  God  save  the  Commonwealth  of  Massa 
chusetts  ! "  And  there  was  a  dinner.  Ninety-four 
turkeys,  weighing  nine  hundred  and  seventy-three 
pounds ;  seventy-six  geese,  weighing  six  hundred  and 
sixty-six  pounds  ;  seventy-three  chickens,  weighing  one 
hundred  and  seventy-six  pounds,  —  all  cooked  in  the 
stone  ovens  built  by  the  men, — were  followed  by 
ninety-five  plum  puddings,  weighing  eleven  hundred 
and  seventy-nine  pounds;  with  apples,  nuts,  figs,  and 
raisins.  In  the  afternoon,  there  was  prize-shooting, 
and  games  of  ball ;  and,  in  the  evening,  dancing,  to 
the  music  of  the  band.  And  a  mail,  bringing  six  hun- 


WATCHING   THE    RIVER.  53 

dred  and  two  letters  and  nearly  five  hundred  papers. 
And  at  taps  all  was  quiet. 

Rumors  of  removal  were  welcomed.  The  bad  air  of 
the  river  was  telling  severely  upon  the  health  of  the 
men.  The  hospital  was  full.  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Andrews  was  seriously  ill.  We  had  changed  camp,  on 
the  12th  of  November,  for  the  sake  of  health.  When 
orders  came  to  $end  the  sick  away,  by  canal,  march 
ing  orders  were  known  to  be  near.  On  the  thirtieth  day 
of  November,  the  first  party  left  for  Alexandria.  Over 
twenty  of  the  Second  formed  part  of  the  two  hundred 
assembled,  according  to  orders,  before  noon.  The 
wind  swept  bitingly  down  the  valley,  and  the  sick 
men  shivered.  No  boat  came  until  near  night.  Some 
from  the  Second  built  fires  under  the  lee  of  a  great 
rock,  to  the  injury  of  a  growling  sutler's  pie-boxes ; 
and  tea  was  made,  and  beef-tea.  Just  before  dark,  a 
boat  came  from  the  next  lock.  Put  it  was  wet.  A 
few  cornstalks  were  got ;  but  sentries  stopped  that 
in  behalf  of  the  rebel  owner,  who  was  in  prison  on  a 
charge  of  treason.  Those  were  the  days  of  love  for 
enemies.  The  men  were  lowered  into  the  wet  boat,  all 
huddled  so  closely  that  the  last  man  out  had  barely 
standing  room.  Some  died  that  miserable  night.  No 
Government  provision  was  made  (for  nobody  knew  the 
boat  was  coming)  at  Alexandria  ;  but  the  noble  Sani 
tary  was  there,  its  officers  having  been  written  to  by 
the  chaplain  of  the  Second  in  behalf  of  his  own  men. 
The  whole  transaction  was  a  case  of  the  grossest  mis 
management.  An  attempt  was  made  to  have  it  inves- 


54       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

tigated ;  but  it  was  smothered.  The  surgeon  of  the 
Second  had  done  his  duty,  however. 

The  second  party  went  up  the  river  two  days  after 
Assistant-Surgeon  Stone  had  charge  ;  and  every  thing 
was  done  perfectly.  But  one  of  the  Second  died  next 
day  at  Frederick  ;  and  Wisconsin  men  fired  the  volleys 
over  his  grave. 

It  has  already  been  said  that  "no  regiment  had 
warmer  or  kinder  friends."  Those  friends  followed 
it  with  their  gifts  to  the  field.  In  October,  1861, 
began  a  series  of  supplies  which  never  ceased.  The 
following  note  refers  to  a  gift  received  that  month. 

BOSTON,  22d  October,  1861. 

I  send  you,  my  dear  sir,  one  thousand  pairs  of  socks,  col 
lected  in  ten  days,  for  your  regiment,  with  my  very  best  wishes 
for  its  prosperity  and  success ;  and,  with  my  kind  regards  to 
yourself,  am,  Sincerely  your  friend, 

EVANS  HOUSE.  E.  HENDERSON   OTIS. 

The  kindness  of  Mrs.  Otis  continued.  When  it  is 
remembered  that  this  regiment  was  but  one  of  the  large 
number  for  which  this  lady  devoted  her  time,  her  labor, 
and  her  means,  gratitude  appreciates  the  additional 
lustre  given  to  the  historic  name  she  bears. 

In  the  same  month,  the  following  letter  was  re 
ceived  :  — 

COLONEL  GEORGE  H.  GORDON,  —  Several  ladies  in  Bos 
ton,  interested,  as  every  one  is,  in  the  comfort  and  welfare  of 
our  soldiers,  are  desirous  to  do  something  to  add  to  the  pro 
vision  made  by  the  Government  for  the  Massachusetts  Second 


WATCHING   THE    RIVER.  55 

Regiment ;  and,  in  order  that  their  work  and  supplies  may  be 
really  useful,  they  venture  to  ask  Colonel  Gordon  to  send  a  list 
of  articles,  constantly  important  to  the  comfort  of  the  men, 
not  supplied  at  all,  or  in  insufficient  quantities,  by  Govern 
ment,  indicating  what  is  now  most  imperatively  needed,  and 
at  what  intervals  particular  articles  will  need  renewing.  The 
more  promptly  this  information  can  be  given,  the  sooner  arti 
cles  will  be  forwarded. 

An  association  of  ladies  in  Boston  will  be  formed,  by 
which  efforts  will  be  made  to  supply  the  Second  Regiment 
regularly  with  clothing,  or  other  things  necessary  for  its  com 
fort.  A  knowledge  of  their  wants  is  necessary  before  any 
thing  will  be  done,  and  therefore  an  immediate  answer  will  be 
gladly  received. 

Address  Mrs.  GEORGE  H.  TICKNOR,  Park  Street,  Boston. 

Colonel  Gordon  will  oblige  the  ladies  by  giving  an  exact 
address,  if  possible,  and  the  safest  mode  of  transport. 

Oct.  7,  1861. 

To  that  "very  kind  and  considerate  proposition," 
Colonel  Gordon  replied  on  the  10th,  advising  that  their 
gifts  should  take  the  form  of  woollen  undershirts,  draw 
ers,  socks,  and  articles  of  that  substantial  kind,  rather 
than  that  of  supplies  of  a  more  perishable  kind,  or  which 
would  only  incumber  a  soldier.  "  Upon  examination," 
said  he,  "  of  flannel  undershirts  furnished  Government,  I' 
find  them  thin,  flimsy  things,  poorly  adapted  to  guard 
against  inclemency  of  the  season ; "  at  the  same  time, 
expressing  "  heartfelt  gratitude  for  the  kindness  of  the 
offer,  and  leaving  the  ladies,  under  the  circumstances 
set  forth,  to  act  as  in  their  judgment  may  seem  wise, 
and  intimating  that,  after  an  engagement  with  the 


56       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTKY. 

rebels,  there  may  arise  necessities  not  now  in  exist 
ence." 

The  "  Regimental  Aid  Association  "  (for  the  Second) 
was  soon  formed.  It  included  the  following  ladies  : 
Mrs.  J.  G.  Abbott,  Mrs.  Jere.  Abbott,  Mrs.  G.  P. 
Bangs,  Mrs.  Joseph  M.  Bell,  Miss  Bowditch,  Mrs.  W. 
S.  Bullard,  Mrs.  Richard  Gary,  Miss  Gary,  Mrs.  James 
Codman,  Mrs.  B.  R.  Curtis,  Mrs.  C.  P.  Curtis,  Mrs. 
J.  F.  Curtis,  Miss  A.  Davis  and  Miss  S.  Davis,  Mrs. 
William  Dwight,  Mrs.  William  Endicott,  jun.,  Mrs.  G. 
Goodwin,  Mrs.  William  Gray,  Mrs.  S.  E.  Guild,  Miss 
E.  Q.  Guild,  Mrs.  G.  W.  Holmes,  Miss  H.  E.  Hovey, 
Mrs.  G.  R.  Kendall,  Mrs.  W.  S.  Lewis,  Mrs.  C.  G. 
Loring,  Miss  I.  Loring,  Mrs.  S.  T.  Morse,  Miss  A. 
Motley  and  Miss  E.  Motley,  Mrs.  E.  R.  Mudge  and 
Miss  Mudge,  Mrs.  F.  Parkman,  Mrs.  S.  Parkman, 
Miss  E.  T.  Parker,  Miss  A.  Patterson,  Mrs.  Edward 
1ST.  Perkins,  Mrs.  George  H.  Peters,  Mrs.  J.  E.  Pratt, 
Mrs.  A.  S.  Putnam,  Mrs.  J.  Quincy,  Miss  Sarah 
Read,  Mrs.  William  Robeson,  Mrs.  W.  B.  Rogers, 
Mrs.  C.  F.  Shimmin,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Swift,  Mrs.  Tick- 
nor  and  Miss  Ticknor,  Miss  S.  E.  Thacher,  Mrs.  Nat. 
Thayer,  Mrs.  P.  R.  Walbach,  Mrs.  Charles  E.  Ware, 
Mrs.  J.  S.  Warren,  Mrs.  W.  F.  Whitney,  Miss  M. 
Wigglesworth  and  Miss  A.  Wigglesworth,  Mrs.  Elijah 
Williams,  Miss  S.  D.  Williams. 

From  this  association,  box  after  box  continued  to 
come.  Many  of  the  soldiers  of  the  Second,  in  the 
picket  or  guard  duty  of  the  winters,  were  warmer  for 
the  kind  gifts  of  those  ladies.  "I  enclose  a  list,"  wrote 


WATCHING   THE    KIVEK.  57 

the  secretary,  in  February,  1862,  "of  the  members 
of  the  association  whose  liberality  and  energy  have 
provided  these  comforts,  wishing  the  men  to  know  that 
I  am  only  an  agent  of  many  of  their  friends.  .  .  .  We 
take  much  pride  in  the  reputation  of  the  regiment,  and 
feel  how  trying  this  long  inaction  is  to  both  officers  and 
men  in  this  inclement  season,  since  in  our  quiet  homes 
we  find  it  so  difficult  to  wait."  That  list  is  inserted, 
that  the  soldiers  of  the  Second  may  know  to  whose 
kindness  they  were,  indebted.  That  a  more  particular 
account  of  their  donations  is  not  inserted  is  due  to  the 
delicacy  which  requested  it. 

Other  friends  were  ready  to  help.  The  chaplain  was 
requested  by  friends  at  home  to  make  known  any 
wants  he  might  find.  Earely  was  he  without  the 
means,  while  in  Virginia  or  Maryland,  to  assist  the  sur 
geons  in  procuring  food  for  the  hospital,  when  such 
food  could  be  found ;  and  many  were  the  gifts  which 
came  from  various  sources. 

Some  companies  had  special  friends.  The  men  of  D 
experienced  particular  kindness  from  the  parish  of  Rev. 
J.  F.  Clarke,  of  Boston;  E,  from  the  people  of  Medway. 
But  worthy  of  particular  mention  was  the  "  Soldiers 
Aid  Association,"  of  Lowell,  the  home  of  Company 
A.  This  was  one  of  the  two  earliest,  if  not  the  earli 
est  organization  of  the  kind  in  the  country.  It  was 
formed,  with  a  large  subscription  fund,  immediately 
after  the  fall  of  Sumter,  with  a  view  of  supplying  every 
soldier  from  Lowell  with  all  that  was  needed  for  his 
comfort,  efficiency,  and  health.  Their  work  was  excel- 


58       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

lently  done ;  especially  valuable  in  the  days  when  the 
supply  departments  of  the  Government  had  not  expand 
ed  to  the  needs  of  a  vast  and  suddenly  raised  army. 
Of  this  association,  Judge  Crosby  was  the  president. 
Company  A  shared  in  its  bounty.  "As  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Correspondence  and  Forwarding,  for 
nearly  two  years,"  says  Mr.  William  G.  Wise,  "I  was 
in  communication  with  Captain  Abbott,  of  Company  A, 
of  your  regiment,  and  can  truly  say  that  no  officer  with 
whom  I  corresponded  evinced  so  deep  solicitude  for 
the  comfort  and  welfare  of  his  men,  and  so  intelligently 
anticipated  their  wants.1  A  few  days  before  Cap 
tain  Abbott  was  killed,  I  received  a  letter  from  him, 
stating  his  need  of  fifteen  men  to  recruit  his  company. 
With  the  aid  of  the  mayor  and  other  gentlemen,  we 
procured  the  men,  who  left  Lowell  to  join  Company  A 
the  day  he  was  shot."  It  was  through  Mr.  Wise's  effi 
ciency  that  Company  A  was  the  first  company  in  the 
army  to  sign  an  official  "allotment  "  roll.  He  went  to 
Washington,  found  that  no  rolls  had  been  printed, 
although  a  form  was  in  type  ;  prevailed  on  a  staff  officer 
to  cut  red  tape,  and  give  him  an  order  on  the  public 
printer  to  print  a  few  copies  ;  took  those  copies  to 
Poolsville,  in  company  with  Mr.  Coffin  (Carleton)  ; 
followed  on  to  Harrison's  Landing,  and  started  the  roll 
in  Company  A,  left  in  charge  of  Lieutenant  Francis, 
"who  faithfully  attended  to  it."  The  money  allotted 


1  It  ought  to  be  mentioned,  —  for  few  knew  it,  —  that  officers  of  the 
Second  repeatedly  paid,  from  their  own  pockets,  for  supplies  for  their  men 
when  not  furnished  by  Government. 


WATCHING   THE   RIVER.  59 

was  made  payable  to  G.  W.  Stickney,  Esq.,  President 
of  the  Kailroad  Bank,  Lowell.1  Mr.  Wise  afterwards 
entered  the  army  himself. 


1  The  former  chaplain  may  be  pardoned  for  stating  the  fact,  that  his 
memoranda  show  an  account  rising  one  hundred  thousand  dollars  which 
passed  through  his  hands,  as  sent  home  by  express;  for  each  individual 
package  of  which  he  took  the  receipt  of  the  express  company.  He  would 
be  ashamed  to  say  that  his  agency  did  not  cost  a  soldier  a  single  cent,  were 
it  not  that  a  percentage  was  demanded  and  paid  for  such  service  in  some 
regiments.  Of  this  amount,  only  one  package,  of  forty  dollars,  failed  to  reach 
its  destination ;  which  the  express  company  immediately  made  good.  Henry 
A.  Rice,  Esq.  (Denny,  Rice,  &  Co.),  of  Boston,  kindly  deposited  in  savings 
banks  all  moneys  sent  him  for  that  purpose,  and  preserved  the  bank-books 
until  called  for. 


60       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 


V. 


THE   FIRST   WINTER. 

ON  the  4th  of  December,  1861,  the  brigade  started 
for  Frederick.  The  first  night,  a  cold  one,  at  Barnes- 
ville.  At  dawn,  just  as  old  Sugar-Loaf  was  showing 
himself,  the  regiment  went  down  into  the  mists  around 
his  base.  A  brisk  march  brought  the  regiment  to  near 
Frederick,  to  wait  three  hours  and  a  half  in  a  bleak 
wind,  until  the  responsible  officer  could  be  discovered,  — 
in  front  of  a  nice  coal  fire  in  his  chamber  at  a  Frederick 
hotel, — to  tell  where  to  camp.  Then,  after  retracing 
steps  for  a  mile  or  two,  pitched  tents  by  the  Monocacy, 
at  the  Junction.  The  next  day,  crossed  on  a  light 
bridge ;  marched  four  or  five  miles  ;  stacked  arms  in  a 
pleasant  wood,  four  miles  east  of  Frederick  by  the 
Baltimore  pike,  and  stayed  there  three  months. 

Winter-quarters  were  not  allowed ;  but  eventually 
the  men  were  permitted  to  make  themselves  comfort 
able,  though  under  canvas  the  whole  winter.1  The 


1  As  a  matter  of  interest,  the  savings  of  flour  by  the  regiment,  in  three 
months,  are  given:  October,  38  bbls.,  139  Ibs. ;  November,  34  bbls.,  174  Ibs.; 
December,  23  bbls.,  173  Ibs.  Different  rations  these  from  the  seven  hard 
bread  per  day  of  1864-5. 


THE   FIRST   WINTER.  61 

magnificent  Sanitary  Commission  met  the  wants  of  the 
hospital.  On  the  6th,  an  order  of  General  Abercrom- 
bie  established  the  title  of  "  Camp  Hicks."  The  Second 
was  on  the  west ;  then  the  16th  Indiana,  the  30th 
Pennsylvania,  and  the  12th  Massachusetts.  The  12th 
Indiana  was  substituted  for  the  30th  Pennsylvania.  Of 
the  four  regimental  commanders,  Lucas,  of  the  12th 
Indiana,  Hackleman,  of  the  16th  Indiana,  and  Webster, 
of  the  12th  Massachusetts,  have  fallen  in  battle.  The 
3d  Wisconsin  was  doing  provost-duty  in  Frederick.  A 
brigade  was  three  or  four  miles  south  of  General  Aber- 
crombie's,  and  other  troops  several  miles  west  of 
Frederick. 

All  winter  the  usual  routine  went  on,  —  guard-duty, 
parade,  drill,  recitations.  These  were  varied  by  visits, 
to  Frederick,  of  officers  and  men  in  turn.  Invitations 
there ;  concerts  by  the  bands  of  the  Second  and ' 
Twelfth ;  receptions  by  General  Banks,  and  some 
hospitalities  by  the  people.  An  army  lodge  of  Freema 
sons,  located  in  the  regiment,  also  helped  those  inclined 

that  way.1 
* 

It  was  at  this  camp,  that  an  officer,  in  great  wrath, 
called  up  a  sergeant,  and  inquired,  "  Why  didn't  you  do 
what  I  ordered,  about,  &c.,  &c.  ?"  —  "Had  no  orders, 

1  This  lodge,  "Bunker-Hill  Army  Lodge,  No.  5,"  worked  under  a  dis 
pensation  signed  by  William  J.  Coolidge,  Grand  Master  of  the  Grand  Lodge 
of  Massachusetts.  Its  first  officers  were  George  H.  Gordon  (colonel), 
Master;  Alonzo  H.  Quint  (chaplain),  Senior  Warden;  Wilder  D wight 
(major),  Junior  Warden;  Francis  Leland  (surgeon),  Treasurer;  Edward  G. 
Abbott  (captain),  Secretary;  Adin  B.  Underwood  (captain),  Senior  Deacon; 
Anson  D.  Sawyer  (lieutenant),  Junior  Deacon;  Francis  H.  Tucker  (captain), 
Tyler.  Of  these,  Major  D  wight  was  killed  at  Antietam;  Surgeon  Leland, 


62       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

sir."  —  "Why,  didn't  I  send  you  a  written  order,  such 
a  day  ?  "  —  "  Oh  !  was  that  an  order  ?  I  thought  it  was 
a  standing  pass  to  go  to  Frederick  ;  and  —  and  I  have 
been  in  three  times  on  that  paper."  The  captain 
(he  has  earned  high  rank  since)  concluded,  that,  if  the 
sentries  could  not  read  the  paper,  it  was  hardly  worth 
while  to  blame  anybody.  It  was  here  —  or  was  it  at 
Seneca?  — where,  in  obedience  to  orders  from  Washing 
ton  that  company-commanders  read  certain  articles  of 
war  every  Sunday  morning,  one  of  them,  —  he  was 
a  thorough  soldier  too,  —  after  the  reading,  said,  "  Now, 
men,  these  are  articles  of  war,  and  ought  to  be  obeyed. 
Now,  there  is  one  of  them  too  much  violated.  It  is 
that  against  profane  swearing.  There  is  too  much  of 
it  in  this  company,  from  the  commander  (I  own  it) 
down.  Now,  it  has  got  to  be  stopped.  When  I  say 
a  thing,  you  know  it  has  got  to  be  done.  And  I 

say  this    shall   be    obeyed,   and  I'll    be    d d   if  it 

shan't ! "  A  gentle  smile  in  the  line  brought  him  to 
remembrance  ;  and,  "  Sergeant,  march  in  the  company  !  " 
was  the  order  of  the  discomfited  captain,  who  was 
never  discomfited  in  action. 


•wounded  at  Cedar  Mountain;  Captain  Abbott,  killed  at  Cedar  Mountain; 
Captain  Underwood,  maimed  at  Wauhatchie.  Of  others  connected  with 
this  lodge,  Mudge  fell  at  Gettysburg;  Surgeon  Heath  died  from  excessive 
toil  in  front  of  Atlanta;  Major  Francis,  Captain  George,  Captain  Parker, 
and  Captain  Sawyer,  all  w.ere  wounded. 

This  lodge  was  a  centre  of  interest  at  that  camp,  and  in  Tennessee. 
St.  John's  Day,  in  December,  lS&lr  it  took  part  in  a  celebration  at  Freder 
ick,  when  a  great  number  of  Masons  participated;  and  where  an  address 
was  given  in  the  Lutheran  Church,  by  the  chaplain  of  the  Second  Massa 
chusetts,  on  "  Masonry  and  the  State." 


THE    FIEST    WINTER.  63 

Here,  too,  were  religious  observances.  A  good 
Catholic  priest  came,  and  had  all  needed  help, — tent, 
&c. ,  —  to  minister  to  the  two  hundred  men  of  his  per 
suasion,  while  the  usual  services  went  on  in  harmony. 
A  good  library,  too,  the  gift  of  some  unknown  friend, 
was  of  great  use  all  winter. 

There  was  intemperance  sometimes.  Frederick  was 
filled  with  liquor  shops.  General  Banks  issued  an  or 
der,  on  the  10th  of  February,  about  "  the  alarming  in 
crease  of  intemperance,"  and  how  "  ill-disposed  persons  " 
were  selling  liquor  "to  the  detriment  and  discredit  of 
the  service,  the  injury  of  the  men,  and  the  danger  of  the 
public  ;  "  and  he  declared  it  the  "  duty  of  every  officer  in 
this  command  at  once  to  take  the  most  effective  meas 
ures  to  suppress  this  evil."  Provosts  were  to  shut  up 
certain  places,  and  make  arrests.  Colonel  Gordon  did 
take  effective  measures ;  so  effective,  that  the  liquor- 
selling  Dutchman  just  across  the  road  came  over  one 
day  in  wrath:  "Your  officer  come  to  my  house,  and 
did  speel  all  my  leetel  beer."  —  "Served  you  right'," 
was  the  reply.  And  he  was  provided  forthwith  with 
a  barrel  overcoat,  and  marched  round  to  the  tune  of  the 
"Kogue's  March." 

There  was  some  chagrin  at  idleness.  The  men 
shouted  over  the  victories  at  Henry  and  Donelson,  and 
the  sturdy  Indianians  echoed  the  cheers  until  the  in 
fection  was  universal.  But  nothing  was  done,  save  that 
fifteen  men  (the  quota  of  the  Second)  were  sent,  out  of 
scores  of  old  sailors  volunteering,  to  man  the  gunboats 
on  the  Mississippi.  Captain  Cary  commanded  the  de- 


64       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

tachment,  —  which  left  on  the  16th  of  February.     The 
men  never  came  back. 

Several  new  officers  came  at  this  camp. 
The  first  break  in  the  list  of  officers  which  left  Camp 
Andrew  had  occurred  on  the  16th  of  September. 
Lieutenant  Sedgwick,  then  Division  ordnance  officer, 
was  appointed  assistant  adjutant-general,  with  the  rank 
of  captain,  and  assigned  to  duty  on  the  staff  of  General 
Sedgwick.  He  was  still  serving  with  that  gallant  offi 
cer  when  he  fell  at  Antietam. 

In  October,  Captain  Curtis  and  Lieutenant  Higgin- 
son  left  the  regiment.  The  former  was  appointed 
lieutenant-colonel,  the  latter  a  captain,  in  the  First 
Massachusetts  Cavalry.  In  December,  Lieutenant  Mot 
ley  was  appointed  captain  in  the  same  regiment. 

In  November,  Lieutenant  Ellis,  who  had  been  de 
tailed  on  the  8th  of  September  to  the  commissary 
department  of  the  brigade,  was  appointed  commissary 
of  subsistence,  with  the  rank  of  captain.  He  served 
for  a  long  time  on  the  staff  of  General  HartsufF,  where 
he  attained  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel. 

Lieutenant  Copeland,  then  an  aid  to  General  Banks, 
was  appointed  assistant  adjutant-general,  with  the  rank 
of  major,  on  the  27th  of  November. 

In  December,  Captain  Tucker  resigned.  He  after 
wards  entered  the  civil  service  in  the  West.  Lieuten 
ant  Hill  also  resigned.  He  subsequently  re-entered  the 
service,  and  fell  in  battle,  Dec.  9,  1864,  while  first 
lieutenant  in  the  Fifty-fifth  Massachusetts. 

These  various  vacancies  caused  promotions,  and  also 


THE    FIKST    WINTER.  65 

the  appointment  of  second  lieutenants.  From  civil  life 
—  almost  the  last  selections  outside  the  ranks  —  were 
taken  J.  Ingersoll  Grafton,  who  was  to  fall,  after  gal 
lant  and  meritorious  service,  at  Averysborough  ;  Eugene 
E.  Shelton,  by  and  by  a  staff  officer,  and  to  be  wound 
ed  ;  Daniel  Oakey,  afterwards  wounded ;  John  A.  Fox 
(faithful  and  true) ,  adjutant,  in  every  action  from  Chan- 
cellorsville  to  the  end  of  the  war ;  Henry  B.  Scott, 
afterwards  assistant  adjutant-general,  wounded  at  Chan- 
cellorsville,  and  major  in  the  Fourth  Massachusetts 
Cavalry;  Francis  TVr.  Crowninshield,  who,  four  times 
wounded,  was  to  come  home  senior  captain  in  1865  ; 
and  then  to  die.  Everett  "YY.  Pattison,  first  sergeant 
of  Company  I,  was  promoted  to  be  second  lieutenant, 
for  general  meritorious  conduct ;  as  well  as  Quartermas 
ter-sergeant  George  F.  Browning,  who  was  speedily 
disabled  in  battle,  and  found  a  place  in  the  Invalid 
Corps. 

There  were  rumors  of  war  occasionally.  On  the 
5th  of  January,  1862,  orders  came  to  the  whole  force 
to  be  ready  to  march.  There  were  troubles  up  near 
Hancock.  The  Third  Brigade  went  off ;  but,  with  the 
Second,  there  resulted  only  an  accumulation  of  cold 
victuals.  On  the  20th»  we  were  to  be  "ready  to 
march  in  one  hour's  notice ; "  "  the  enemy  is  in  force 
on  the  upper  Potomac."  But  the  principal  business 
still  continued  to  be,  preserving  the  secessionists'  wood- 
lots,  according  to  orders. 

But  that  winter  was  exceedingly  valuable,  not  only 
in  the  renovation  of  health  impaired  in  the  Potomac 

5 


66  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS   INFANTRY. 

malaria,  but  in  the  steady  acquiring  of  knowledge  by 
the  officers  in  study,  (both  by  old  officers  and  in  the 
"  infant  department !  ")  and  the  thorough  drill  in  which 
all  became  experienced.  The  result  was,  that,  when 
the  Second  took  the  field  in  the  spring,  it  was 
thoroughly  prepared  for  Winchester,  Cedar  Mountain, 
and  Antietam,  —  all  of  which  were  to  come  that  year. 
This  inaction,  every  one  knew,  could  not  continue. 
So  the  day  after  Washington's  birthday,  —  celebrated 
by  a  great  review  in  Frederick,  and  a  prayer  which 
was  an  insult  to  the  army  and  the  country,  —  there  came 
orders  :  Be  ready  at  "  one  hour's  notice,  with  three  days' 
cooked  rations,"  and  "  cartridge-boxes  filled."  The  wag 
ons  went  off  immediately,  and  the  victuals  were  eaten. 
"The  artillery,  pontoons,  and  the  Second  Brigade,"  said 
the  brigadier,  "  have  all  left ;  in  all  probability,  we  will 
leave  this  evening."  But  "we"  did  not.  It  proved 
that  the  pontoons,  floated  by  canal  from  Washington, 
were  too  wide  for  the  canal-locks  at  Harper's  Ferry, 
and  could  not  get  into  the  river.  But  on  the  27th, 
in  the  mist  of  morning,  Camp  Hicks  was  abandoned,  — 
to  become  a  settled  village. 


THE    SPEING    CAMPAIGN.  67 


VI. 


THE    SPRING   CAMPAIGN. 

ON  the  morning  of  the  27th  of  February,  1862,  at 
four  o'clock,  the  regiment  passed,  for  the  last  time, 
through  the  quagmire  which  separated  camp  and  road, 
and  marched  into  Frederick.  Then,  railway  cars ;  at 
evening,  at  Sandy  Hook ;  over  the  pontoon  bridge ; 
and  a  night  in  the  emptied  houses  of  Harper's  Ferry, 
where  the  regiment  was  quartered  in  the  abandoned 
houses  on  Shenandoah  Street,  and  the  field  and  staff 
took  turns  at  supper  in  using  the  solitary  fork  and 
single  spoon.  Company  F  was  put  on  provost  duty, 
and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Andre ws  was  made  provost- 
marshal.  And  the  spring  campaign  was  begun. 

A  reconnoissance  was  ordered  towards  Charlestown 
the  next  day.  The  Second,  the  3d  Wisconsin,  five 
squadrons  of  Michigan  cavalry,  and  two  sections  of  artil 
lery,  were  put  on  the  road,  under  command  of  Colonel 
Gordon.  The  cavalry,  with  Colonel  Gordon  at  the 
head,  drove  in  the  rebel  videttes,  and  dashed  into 
Charlestown  at  full  speed.  The  regiment  entered  to  the 
music  of  "  John  Brown's  body."  Captain  Best  posted 
his  battery  (a  good  soldier  was  Captain  Best) ,  and  the 


68       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

infantry  was  stationed ;  chicken-feathers  filled  the  air ; 
and  suddenly  General  MC€LELLAN  appeared,  and  turned 
the  reconnoissance  into  an  occupation.  It  was  the  first 
sight  of  that  general ;  and,  as  his  glance  took  in  the 
line  drawn  up  to  receive  him,  he  won  their  hearts. 

The  Court-house  was  tenanted  by  companies  of  the 
Second.  It  was  a  strange  event,  when,  on  the  follow 
ing  sabbath,  the  Second  worshipped  God  in  the  Court 
house  where  John  Brown  was  sentenced,  and  its  chap 
lain  occupied  the  very  chair  in  which  the  judge  had  sat 
in  that  memorable  trial.  Massachusetts  ideas  were  on 
their  successful  march. 

On  the  5th  of  March,  the  remainder  of  General 
Banks's  force  having  arrived,  the  Second  went  into 
camp,  —  unluckily,  in  the  grounds  of  a  "  Union  "  family 
who  could  not  endure  the  vicinity  of  "Union"  troops, 
and  had  to  move  next  day  a  mile  out  of  Charlestown. 
On  the  7th  of  March,  news  came  that  Colonel  Mauls- 
by's  Maryland  Regiment  had  been  "  cut  to  pieces "  at 
Cabletown.  So  Colonel  Gordon  was  sent  out  with  the 
Second,  the  Sixteenth  Indiana,  two  squadrons  of  caval 
ry,  and  two  sections  of  artillery  :  "  Let  not  a  moment  be 
lost."  Not  a  moment  was  lost,  — to  find  that  nobody 
had  seen  any  enemy,  to  kindle  huge  fires,  and  come 
back  in  the  morning. 

Winchester  was  the  object  aimed  at.  We  had  troops 
at  Charlestown;  a  brigade  at  Smithfield;  and,  further 
west,  Shields's  division  (formerly  the  lamented  Lan 
der's)  ;  and,  at  Leesburg,  Colonel  Geary.  On  the  9th, 
General  Abercrombie  was  told  :  "  Information  has  been 


THE    SPRING    CAMPAIGN.  69 

received  that  the  enemy  has  abandoned  the  batteries  on 
the  lower  Potomac,  and  is  preparing  to  abandon  Ma- 
nassas.  You  are  therefore  ordered,  pursuant  to  directions 
received  from  Washington,  to  put  your  command  in  con 
dition  to  move  at  seven  A.M.,  to-morrow."  It  was  done, 
—  three  days'  cooked  rations  in  haversacks.  General 
Gorman  moved  first  towards  Berry ville,  but  sent  back 
for  re-enforcements.  So  our  brigade  (General  Aber- 
crombie's)  hastened  on,  and  reached  Berry  ville  about 
sundown.  The  only  action  which  had  taken  place  was 
with-  a  battery  of  the  enemy,  which  a  few  shots  sent  off 
in  a  hurry.  The  battery  subsequently  proved  to  have 
been  a  threshing-machine,  worked  by  three  laborers, 
and  superintended  by  a  farmer  on  horseback. 

That  night  was  a  bivouac, — with  a  savagely  cold 
storm  to  usher  in  a  cold  night.  But  the  sun  rose  warm, 
and  wagons  came  on,  and  tents  were  pitched  for  one 
night.  The  next  day,  "  the  rebel  Jackson  had  marched 
to  the  rear  of  our  force  at  Winchester,  and  captured 
seven  thousand  men, — the  fight  still  going  on."  Cheers 
followed  the  order  to  "fall  in."  In  twenty-five  minutes 
the  regiment  was  in  the  road.  Mile  after  mile  was 
hurried  over.  Massachusetts  men  passed  others  in 
camp,  and  cheered  tremendously.  "I  wish  I  was  in 
Dixie,"  enlivened  the  road.  But  at  midnight,  "The 
messenger  did  it  for  a  joke  ;  "  and  bivouac  again.  At 
noon,  camped  a  few  rods  off,  a  couple  of  miles  from 
Winchester. 

Jackson  had  deliberately  evacuated  Winchester,  — 
carrying  off  all  his  stores,  such  private  property  as  he 


70       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

pleased,  —  and  left  the  naked  defences.  We  had  kindly 
waited  a  fortnight  to  let  him  do  it. 

There  the  Second  remained  ten  days.  A  re-arrange 
ment  of  regiments  was  made,  on  the  10th  of  March. 
First  brigade,  General  Williams  :  28th  New  York,  28th 
Pennsylvania,  1st  Maryland,  and  5th  Connecticut. 
Second  brigade,  General  Abercrombie  :  9th  New- York 
State  Militia,  13th  Massachusetts,  12th  Massachusetts, 
and  16th  Indiana.  Third  brigade,  Colonel  Gordon  :  2d 
Massachusetts,  29th  Pennsylvania,  3d  Wisconsin,  and 
27th  Indiana.  Here  and  then  the  Second  became  asso 
ciated  with  that  gallant  Third  Wisconsin  with  whom  it 
stood  side  by  side  in  sworn  brotherhood  for  three  years  ; 
and  with  the  Twenty-seventh  Indiana,  hardly  less  to  be 
tried,  —  and  found  true. 

Here,  too,  General  Banks  formally  assumed  com 
mand  (on  the  26th  of  March)  of  the  "Fifth  Corps," 
comprising  two  divisions,  —  his  own,  now  under  Briga 
dier-General  A.  S.  Williams ;  and  another,  under 
Brigadier-General  Shields. 

Troops  were  to  be  sent  into  Eastern  Virginia.  So, 
on  the  20th,  orders  came  for  three  days'  march  :  the 
first  day,  to  Snicker's  Ferry;  the  second,  to  Goose 
Creek ;  the  third,  to  Gum  Spring.  The  Second 
moved  on  the  22d,  and  reached  Snicker's  Ferry ;  but 
Gum  Spring  was  not  to  be  seen  for  near  two  years. 
General  Abercrombie's  brigade  had  crossed  at  Snicker's 
Ferry  when  the  pontoons  broke  down.  It  took  all  day 
to  mend  them,  and  the  brigade  camped.  That  broken 
bridge  changed  the  destiny  of  the  Second. 


THE    SPUING   CAMPAIGN.  71 

While  waiting,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Crane,  of  the 
Third  Wisconsin,  sent  a  despatch  regarding  the  wagon- 
train  which  was  coming  up  in  his  charge,  and  added, 
"  We  have  heard  cannon  at  intervals,  — hear  them  now  ; 
they  seem  to  be  south-west."  The  cannon  were  at 
Kernstown,  near  Winchester.  On  the  morning  of  the 
24th  :  "  Colonel,  you  will  proceed  at  once  to  Berry ville  ; 
and  if,  on  your  arrival  there,  you  hear  the  sound  of 
large  guns,  giving  an  indication  of  an  action  in  prog 
ress,  you  will  push  on  by  a  forced  march  to  Winches 
ter."  By  and  by  :  "Major  General  Banks  .  .  .  directs, 
that  the  brigade  at  Berryville  under  command  of 
Colonel  Gordon  be  ordered  immediately  to  Winches 
ter."  Soon  :  "  Send  back  the  ordnance  train  with  all 
possible  despatch."  Again:  "  Send  forward  [to  Win 
chester]  your  battery  with  all  possible  despatch."  The 
Second,  after  a  fifteen-mile  march,  entered  Winchester, 
and  were  quartered  in  the  railway  buildings  :  "  The  gen 
eral  is  pleased  with  your  speed." 

Jackson,  who  after  his  evacuation  of  Winchester  had 
kept  within  a  moderate  distance  of  that  place,  had  been 
misled  by  rebel  women  of  Winchester  into  believing 
that  the  force  which  he  knew  to  be  moving  to  Snicker's 
Ferry  comprised  all  but  a  provost  guard;  while  a 
whole  division  really  lay  behind  the  hills.  So,  returning 
to  occupy  Winchester,  some  cavalry  drove  in  the  pickets 
on  the  22d  :  it  was  supposed  to  be  nothing  more  than 
Ashby's  lively  troops,  with  a  couple  of  guns.  General 
Shields  (commanding  in  absence  of  General  Banks) 
got  his  arm  broken  by  a  shell ;  and  Colonel  Kimball,  of 


72       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Indiana,  took  command.  Desultory  fighting  took  place 
all  Sunday,  until  in  the  afternoon  it  was  found  that 
Jackson's  whole  force  was  present,  and-  our  whole 
strength  was  sent  out.  The  enemy  was  handsomely 
whipped,  but  was  far  from  being  routed,  although 
compelled  to  leave  the  wounded  along  the  road,  and 
losing  two  pieces  of  artillery.1 

But  Jackson  had  accomplished  his  object ;  which  was 
to  keep  the  forces  still  in  the  valley,  and  thus  prevent 
them  from  strengthening  McDowell  for  the  movement 
expected  towards  Richmond. 

There  was  but  one  man  of  the  Second  in  this  affair. 
It  was  private  Alexander,  who  had  just  arrived  at  Win 
chester  (where  our  Company  Gr  was  on  provost  duty) 
from  a  Southern  prison.  He  borrowed  a  musket,  went 
out,  and  fought  where  he  saw  a  chance. 

The  Court-house,  hotel,  and  the  other  buildings, 
were  filled  with  wounded,  rebel  and  loyal  alike.  They 
were  treated  alike ;  but  the  rebel  women  of  Winchester 
showed  their  usual  devilish  spirit.  One  confederate 
soldier  was  asked,  "Do  you  have  kind  treatment?" 
" Yes,"  he  answered,  as  if  wondering  at  it.  "Why, 
didn't  you  expect  it  ?  "  -  "  No,  I  thought  you  would  kill 
us."  —  "  What  made  you  think  so  ?  "  —  "  We  were  told 
so."  One  poor  fellow  of  sixteen  years,  whose  mother 


1  Esten  Cooke,  of  Stuart's  staff,  in  his  life  of  "Stonewall  Jackson,"  says 
that  the  Union  force  was  11,000:  it  was  less  than  7,000  by  official  record.  ' 
He  says  that  the  rebel  infantry  force  engaged  was  2,742 ;  but  prisoners  were 
taken  from  eleven  regiments  of  their  infantry.  He  says  that  the  Union  killed 
was  admitted  to  be  418 :  it  was  officially  reported  at  103.  He  says  that  the 
rebel  killed  were  80 ;  but  they  left  270  dead,  found  upon  the  field. 


THE    SPKING   CAMPAIGN.  73 

had  made  him  volunteer,  wanted  to  take  the  oath  of 
allegiance.  "I  should  die  easier,"  he  said,  "if  I  did." 
The  oath  was  administered,  and  he  felt  happier. 

The  next  evening,  the  regiment  started  after  Jack 
son, —  the  band  leading  off  with  "I  wish  I  was  in 
Dixie."  It  was  a  cold  night ;  bivouac  by  the  road 
side  about  one  o'clock,  five  miles  above  Strasburg, 
when  fences  suffered ;  in  the  morning,  forded  Cedar 
Creek,  a  rapid  and  beautiful  stream,  where  a  fine  bridge 
had  just  been  destroyed  :  halted  in  a  rough  pine  wood, 
just  north  of  Strasburg ;  were  sent  on  by  a  "  scare " 
next  day  to  four  or  five  miles  below  Strasburg ;  and 
there  camp  and  park  trains  in  rear  of  General  Sullivan's 
line,  "having  reference  to  the  defensibility  of  the  place 
chosen  for  encampment  and  concealment  from  the 
enemy." 

March  31 :  "Messengers  on  outposts,"  said  General 
Sullivan,  "report  the  enemy  advancing."  April  1: 
orders  to  move  without  tents  or  baggage, — the  whole 
corps.  Jackson's  headquarters  were  then  at  Mount 
Jackson,  seven  or  eight  miles  off.  Colonel  Gordon's 
brigade  led,  and  the  Second  was  in  the  advance.  Two 
miles  on,  rebels  and  guns  were  in  sight.  A  few  shots 
from  Cothran's  fine  New-York  battery  sent  them  off. 
Then,  —  skirmishers  and  flankers  out, — pressed  on 
steadily.  The  rebel  rear-guard,  with  two  pieces  of 
artillery,  stop  at  suitable  points.  Then  the  steadiness 
of  the  Second  tells  ;  and  the  rebels,  as  we  learned  in  a 

village,  swore   savagely  about  "  them  long-range 

Yankee   rifles."      At  Woodstock,   their   shot  whizzed 


74       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

suddenly.  Colonel  Gordon  has  his  guns  in  position 
instantly,  and  the  rebels  fly.  At  the  "Narrow  Pass," 
the  bridge  is  on  fire  :  quick  hands  of  the  Second  extin 
guish  the  flames,  while  Cothran's  shots  and  the  enemy's 
are  lively  overhead.  At  Edenburg,  the  bridge  is  past 
hope ;  but  the  struggle  is  for  the  place  where  it  had 
been.  The  guns  dash  through  fences,  over  ditches,  up 
a  height ;  the  Second  presses  on  at  double-quick  ;  and , 
after  a  few  minutes,  the  point  is  gained.  Camp  is 
ordered.  On  that  day  the  Second  had  its  first  man 
wounded, — Bonney,  of  Company  I.  The  next  day, 
Pennsylvania  men  rebuild  the  bridge.  Pleasant  weath 
er  turned  to  rain,  —  a  cold,  dismal  rain.  The  forlorn 
'horses  droop  their  heads.  Pet  dogs  keep  inside. 
Logs  support  a  doubtful  fire  in  front  of  the  open  tents. 
Dripping  individuals  solemnly  chop  wood.  Dismal 
sentinels  pace  steadily.  Off  on  picket  is  a  shelterless 
company.  Wet  soaks  up  inside  the  tents.  The  only 
comfort  is  that  the  enemy,  in  sight  on  the  opposite 
ridge,  are  just  as  wet. 

"Hard  business,  sir,  this  soldiering,"  says  John  to 
the  major.  "Yes,  John."  —  "It's  aisy  for  them  as  sits 
at  home  with  their  good  fires  to  read  of  this  victory 
and  that,  but  it's  hard  for  them  as  has  to  do  it,  sir."  — 
"Yes,  John."  —  "It  would  do  them  good  to  come  out 
here,  and  try  to  warm  themselves  by  a  hole  in  the 
ground,  sir."  —  "Yes,  John." 

There  was  delay,  at  Edenburg,  to  get 'provisions  and 
shoes ;  but  on  the  17th  of  April  in  motion  again. 
General  Shields  had  moved  in  the  night.  At  four,  the 


THE    SPRING   CAMPAIGN.  75 

Second  moved.  Crossed  the  creek  in  the  dense  fog ; 
and,  as  the  sun  came  out,  saw  the  mountain  ranges  on 
either  side,  the  undulating  lands,  wooded  or  in  cultiva 
tion,  the  green  winter- wheat  and  hyacinths  by  the 
roadsides,  heard  the  robins  and  swallows,  and  the  artil 
lery  with  which  Shields  was  waking  up  the  enemy  on 
ahead.  Found  every  bridge  burning,  but  was  little 
delayed ;  and  reached  Mount  Jackson  —  where  the 
rebels  had  built  fine  hospitals,  and  buried  scores  of  sol 
diers  —  to  find  the  railway  depot  still  in  flames. 

After  some  hours'  waiting,  General  Shields  is  to 
advance  on  the  main  road,  and  Colonel  Gordon's 
brigade,  with  some  regiments  of  Donelly's,  to  make 
a  flank  movement  to  the  right,  on  a  dirt  road;  crossed 
a  wadable  stream,  and  came  opposite  Rood's  Hill, 
which  the  rebels  speedily  left.  Passed  through  Forest- 
ville,  so  called  because  barren  of  trees  ;  crossed  another 
stream ;  ascended  and  descended  ledges ;  waited  for 
artillery  stuck  fast ;  and  at  half-past  eight  turned  into 
a  wood,  and  cooked  and  slept. 

The  knowledge  of  some  of  these  people  was  remarka 
ble.  At  Forestville,  a  group  were  astonished  at  the 
instruments  of  the  band.  "What  is  that?"  inquired 
an  alarmed  woman,  in  respect  to  the  largest  instrument. 
"  That,  ma'am,  is  the  bell-teezer,  a  new  instrument  for 
throwing  grape,  and  terribly  destructive  at  short  distan 
ces."  Nobody  ventured  near  the  terrible  weapon. 

The  next  morning,  forded  the  north  fork  of  the 
Shenandoah.  The  water  was  high,  and  the  current 
very  rapid.  Men  and  horses  went  down.  It  took  ten 


76       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

horses  to  get  one  caisson  across  the  river.     Passing 
through  Newmarket,  to  camp  two  miles  south,  the  loyal 
population  was  out  in  joy,  —  but  it  was  black. 
Here  came  a  message  :  — 

To  MAJOR  GENERAL  BANKS  :  To  you  and  the  forces  un 
der  your  command,  this  Department  returns  thanks  for  the 
brilliant  and  successful  operations  of  this  day. 

EDWIN  M.  STANTON,  Secretary  of  War. 

That  was  for  driving  Jackson  up  the  valley. 

That  camp  was  mud.  Rails  and  straw  made  a  little 
shelter,  —  the  wagons  being  left  a  few  miles  behind  for 
days.  Rain  was  incessant,  and  cold  severe.  The  men 
christened  it  "  Camp  Misery,"  and  officers  and  men  fared 
alike.  Only  one  pair  of  boots  seemed  water-proof: 
they  were  the  major's,  who  found  they  had  been  moved 
in  the  night  into  position  to  catch  water ;  and  they  were 
two-thirds  full,  without  a  sign  of  a  leak. 

On  the  21st :  "Ready  to  march  at  ten,  A.M.,  to-mor 
row."  To-morrow  came,  but  no  march.  On  the  22d, 
the  General  said,"  It  has  been  represented,  that,  in  many 
cases,  men  reported  absent,  sick,  are  in  reality  detained, 
performing  various  duties  at  the  hospital  to  which  they 
have  been  sent,  —  without  detail  from  competent  author 
ity, — long  after  recovery."  That  was  true  enough,  but 
General  Banks  could  not  help  himself,  although  he  sent 
officers  after  them. 

On  the  25th,  moved  on  to  near  Harrisonburg,  —  a 
raw  day ;  but,  for  a  wonder,  it  did  not  rain.  Camped. 
On  the  27th,  ordered  out  on, a  "dirt  road"  of  a  very 
mean  kind,  and  very  mean  of  its  kind.  Jackson  was 


THE    SPRING   CAMPAIGN.  77 

"  within  three  miles  : "  but  we  went  on  eleven  miles  with 
the  ^Twenty-seventh  Indiana,  and  somebody's  battery, 
and  somebody's  cavalry,  and  discovered  nobody  but 
Colonel  Donelly,  who  was  camped  out  there ;  and  came 
back  again,  making  twenty  miles  of  useful  service  that 
Sunday.  Jackson  was  on  the  other  side  of  the  middle 
Shenandoah,  at  the  end  of  a  bridge  piled  with  combus 
tibles.  Somebody  got  over  there  afterwards,  decidedly 
to  his  discomfort. 

Cut  down  baggage  again,  also  the  number  of  wagons. 
On  the  evening  of  the  4th  of  May,  struck  tents,  and 
moved  a  mile  towards  Harrisonburg,  to  sleep  in  a  field  ; 
which  was  accomplished  with  a  view  to  take  a  fair 
start  in  the  morning.  The  next  morning,  started  for 
Strasburg ;  stopping,  after  eighteen  miles  of  march,  at 
Newmarket  that  evening,  and  going  into  camp,  to  be 
roused  up  and  move  at  midnight  across  the  Massanutten 
range  to  help  General  Sullivan,  whom  the  signal-lights 
on  the  hills  said  was  threatened  (at  Columbia  Bridge)  by 
twelve  thousand  men.  Found  troops  and  fires  lining 
the  splendid  road  up  the  hill;  magnificent  scenery  at 
sunrise,  when  the  top  was  reached  ;  pleasant  information, 
at  the  other  base,  that  General  Sullivan  was  surprised 
—  to  find  us  there,  as  he  had  seen  no  enemy;  and 
bivouacked  two  nights  near  Berner's  Mills.  Climbed 
the  hill  back  again,  — with  wild  cherry  in  blossom,  red- 
bud,  columbine,  iris,  wood-violets,  and  the  genuine 
New-England  Mayflower,  and  the  woods  on  fire,  — 
and  got  back  to  camp,  where  "  Colonel  Ticehurst "  had 
had  dress-parade. 


78  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

On  the  10th  of  May,  tents  were  struck,  to  be  ready 
to  have  a  couple  of  shelterless  nights,  with  the  wagons 
half  a  mile  off:  on  the  12th,  made  fourteen  miles 
northward,  and  had  piles  of  leaves  for  beds  :  on  the 
13th,  to  Strasburg, — the  dirtiest,  meanest  town  of  all 
the  dirty,  shiftless  villages  of  the  valley. 

At  Strasburg,  the  newspapers  were  read.  Learned 
that  the  corps  was  at  Stanton,  aiming  for  Eichmond ; 
also,  that  Jackson  had  evacuated  the  valley.  All  true, 
except  that  we  had  fallen  back  to  Strasburg,  and  that 
Jackson  was  still  on  hand  with  twelve  thousand  men. 
Here  fortifications  were  building ;  first-rate,  only  un 
fortunately  commanded  by  higher  ground.  General 
Shields's  division  was  detached,  and  crossed  over  into 
Eastern  Virginia. 

It  was  a  surprise  to  everybody,  —  this  retrograde 
movement.  It  was  supposed  that  Banks  and  Fremont 
were  to  unite  farther  up  the  valley,  and  put  an  end  to 
Jackson's  operations,  —  which  was  perfectly  feasible. 
But,  at  Harrisonburg,  peremptory  orders  came  to  fall 
back  to  Strasburg,  fortify  and  hold  that  place.  It  was 
one  of  the  "gates  of  Washington."  They  had  not 
then  learned .  that  the  place  to  defend  Washington  was 
in  front  of  Eichmond.  But,  to  the  chagrin  of  every 
body,  the  summer  was  to  be  passed  at  Strasburg. 

"It  is  hard,"  said  the  commander  to  a  friend,  regard 
ing  the  complete  overthrow  of  the  intended  campaign, 
"  to  be  the  only  man  in  the  division  that  must  not  com 
plain."  He  did  not  complain.  His  admirable  patience 
was  exemplified  then  as  since,  when  he  endured  misrep- 


THE    SPKING   CAMPAIGN.  79 

reservation  in  silence  lest  the  service  should  suffer. 
No  truer  patriot  than  N.  P.  Banks  has  taken  part  in 
this  war ;  nor  any  man  who  had  wiser  foresight,  from 
the  time  when  he  said  to  the  President,  on  the  first  call 
for  seventy-five  thousand  men,  "  President,  call  out  a 
million  ! " 

But  we  were  to  stay  at  Strasburg. 


80  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 


VII. 

BANKS'S    RETREAT. 

THE  War  Department  said  that  General  Banks  was  to 
remain  at  Strasburg  during  the  summer.  But  Jackson 
had  a  habit  of  overruling  the  decisions  of  the  War 
Department. 

General  Banks  did  the  best  that  could  be  done  with 
his  inadequate  force.  He  had  but  one  division,  that  of 
General  A.  S.  Williams,  including  two  brigades,  under 
Colonels  Gordon  and  Donelly.  He  set  to  work  to 
finish  the  fortifications,  keeping  most  of  his  troops  at 
Strasburg.  He  stationed  the  First  Maryland  (Colonel 
Kenly),  a  suitable  proportion  of  cavalry,  and  a  few 
guns,  at  Front  Royal,  ten  miles  off,  which  was  the 
head  of  the  eastern  sub-valley,  as  Strasburg  was  of 
the  western,  —  the  two  into  which  the  Massanutten 
range  divided,  for  fifty  miles,  the  Shenandoah  Valley. 
The  Manassas  railway  was  speedily  opened  to  Strasburg ; 
and  Kenly  guarded  it  at  his  station,  at  the  same  time 
doing  outpost  duty.  Vigilant  picket  service  was  kept 
up,  and  daily  reconnoissances  were  made  from  Stras 
burg,  —  often  twelve  miles  out.  But  the  force  had  been 
fatally  weakened  by  the  removal  of  Shields's  Division. 


BA2sTKS'S    RETREAT.  81 

Despatches  to  Washington,  representing  the  danger, 
met  with  no  good  result.  At  last,  a  special  messenger 
was  sent.  "Jackson  has  returned  into  the  valley," 
General  Banks  telegraphed  to  him  on  the  21st  of  May  : 
"  this  is  confirmed  by  information  from  different  sour 
ces." —  "Jackson  is  about  eight  miles  from  Harrison- 
burg  ;  Ewell,  still  at  Swift-Run  Gap,"  said  the  General. 
But  the  messenger  met  with  rebuff,  —  almost  contemptu 
ous  rebuff.  The  responsible  official  at  Washington  did 
"not  believe  that  Jackson  was  at  all  to  be  dreaded." 
Continued  effort  induced  a  promise  to  forward  General 
Cooper's  Brigade  from  Baltimore.  But  the  promise 
was  too  late. 

On  the  afternoon  of  the  23d  of  May,  information 
came  to  Strasburg,  that  an  overwhelming  force  of  the 
enemy  had  attacked  and  was  driving  Kenly.  It  was 
Swell's,  which  had  made  forced  marches  northward  on 
the  eastern  side  of  Massanutten. 

Colonel  Kenly  had  eight  companies  of  the  1st 
Maryland,  two  of  the  29th  Pennsylvania,  two  of 
the  Ira  Harris  Cavalry,  two  pieces  of  Captain  Knipe's 
Battery,  and  Captain  Mapes's  pioneer  corps  of  fifty- 
six  men.  With  this  force,  it  afterwards  appeared,  he 
had  kept  up  for  some  hours  an  intermittent  struggle, 
the  enemy  moving  cautiously,  but  steadily ;  and 
Kenly  endeavoring  to  save  his  command, — retreating 
gradually  to  meet  the  hoped-for  re-enforcements.  But, 
in  the  afternoon,  his  little  force  was  flanked  on  either 
side ;  Colonel  Kenly  was  wounded,  and  his  command 
routed. 

6 


82       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Upon  receiving  tidings  of  the  disaster,  but  while 
ignorant  of  its  completeness,  General  Banks  sent  out 
the  Third  Wisconsin  (Colonel  Ruger),  some  cavalry, 
and  a  section  of  artillery.  But,  between  eight  and  nine 
o'clock,  orders  were  sent  to  Colonel  Ruger  "  to  halt ;  if 
beyond  Buckton,  to  fall  back,  if  necessary,  to  a  position 
where  he  would  not  run  any  risk  of  being  cut  off." 
Fugitives  in  the  evening  had  brought  tidings  of  Kenly's 
utter  rout,  and  information  that  the  enemy  were  moving 
towards  Winchester,  which  was  eighteen  miles  north  of 
Strasburg  and  on  the  direct  road  to  the  Potomac. 
In  the  night,  therefore,  the  wagons  were  loaded,  and 
the  men  put  under  arms ;  while  experienced  officers 
explored  the  roads  leading  from  Front  Royal  to  Win 
chester.  These  parties  found  that  the  enemy  held  each 
road,  and  was  evidently  hastening  to  Winchester  to 
cut  off  and  capture  the  whole  force.  The  trains,  about 
three,  A.M.,  were  started  to  the  rear.  But  in  the  morn 
ing  :  "  Information  received  this  morning,"  said  an 
order,  "  shows  that  the  enemy  returned  to  Front  Royal 
last  night,  and  will  not,  now  at  least,  attempt  our  rear. 
Our  force  will  remain  in  Strasburg,  therefore,  till  fur 
ther  orders.  .  .  .  The  Secretary  and  Assistant-Secre 
tary  of  War  both  telegraph  that  ample  re-enforcements 
will  be  sent."  Possibly  the  promised  re-enforcements 
are  referred  to  in  the  despatch  of  the  President,  of  that 
date,  to  General  McDowell,  who  was  then  opposite 
Fredericksburg  :  "  General  Fremont  has  been  ordered 
by  telegraph  to  move  from  Franklin  on  Harrisonburg, 
to  relieve  General  Banks.  .  .  .  You  are  instructed,  lay- 


BANKS'S    RETREAT.  83 

ing  aside  for  the  present  the  movement  on  Richmond, 
to  put  twenty  thousand  men  in  motion  at  once  for  the 
Shenandoah,  moving  on  the  line,  or  in  advance  of  the 
line,  of  the  Manassas-Gap  railroad."  To  which,  Gene 
ral  McDowell,  while  obeying,  replied,  "I  am  entirely 
beyond  helping  distance  of  General  Banks.  ...  It  will 
take  a  week  or  ten 'days  to  get  to  the  valley." 

Hardly  had  General  Banks's  order  to  remain  been 
received  at  brigade  headquarters,  and  before  General 
McDowell  could  have  started  on  his  ten  days'  move 
ment,  when  another  order  followed,  —  "to  move  at  once 
towards  Middletown,  taking  such  steps  to  oppose  the 
enemy  (reported  to  be  on  the  road  between  Front  Royal 
and  Middletown)  as  to  General  Williams  may  seem 
proper ....  Cothran's  Battery  is  on  the  hill  behind  us, 
awaiting  your  orders.  "  The  re-enforcements  to  Kenly 
had  been  recalled;  the  advance-guard  (southward) 
called  in  ;  and  about  ten  o'clock,  A.M.,  May  24,  the 
column  was  on  the  road,  endeavoring  to  reach  Win 
chester  before  the  enemy,  who  was  on  the  road  from 
Front  Royal  to  that  place. 

Colonel  Donelly's  Brigade  followed  the  wagons,  which 
had  a  strong  guard  :  Colonel  Gordon's  was  next ;  and 
General  Hatch,  with  most  of  the  cavalry  and  six  pieces 
of  artillery,  was  to  protect  the  rear,  and  destroy  prop 
erty  which  could  not  be  brought  off.  The  wagon-train 
was  miles  in  length ;  and  hundreds  of  disabled  men 
left  behind  by  Shields's  Division,  encumbered  the  road. 

The   column,  excepting  the  rear-guard,   had  passed 
Cedar  Creek,  when  the  enemy  attacked  the  train,  then 


84       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

mainly  in  front,  and  held  the  road  to  Middletown. 
The  troops  then  hastened  forward,  and  Colonel  Donelly 
attacked  the  enemy,  who  were  in  strong  force,  and  gal 
lantly  drove  them  two  miles  from  the  road.  The  troops 
passed  much  of  the  train,  the  danger  appearing  to  be  in 
front.  General  Hatch  was  at  its  rear. 

About  a  mile  and  a  half  above  Newtown,  report 
came  that  the  enemy  had  cut  the  train  in  the  rear. 
General  Hatch  found  it  impossible  to  pass  through,  and 
was  temporarily  separated  from  the  column.  Colonel 
Gordon  went  back  with  the  Second  Massachusetts 
'(with  that,  the  27th  Indiana,  28th  New  York,  and  a 
section  of  Best's  Battery)  to  relieve  the  train.  The  27th 
Indiana  was  already  in  line  when  he  reached  Newtown. 
The  28th  New  York  was  halted  in  reserve.  Colonel 
Gordon,  commanding  the  brigade,  ordered  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Andrews,  commanding  the  Second,  to  "ad 
vance,  take  the  town,  and  hold  it  until  further  orders." 
"The  enemy,"  says  the  rebel  officer  Cooke,  "turned  sav 
agely."  Colonel  Andrews  advanced,  with  a  section  of 
Best's  Battery  also  ;  Companies  A  (Captain  Abbott) 
and  C  (Captain  Cogswell)  being  deployed  as  skir 
mishers.  The  enemy's  artillery  was  posted  in  front,  in 
the  main  street,  and  threw  shot  along  its  length.  The 
enemy  were  speedily  driven  out  of  town,  and  took 
position  on  the  heights  beyond.  The  colors  were  dis 
played  from  the  highest  house,  as  a  signal  to  Hatch. 
Four  guns  from  Best's  and  Cothran's  batteries  were 
immediately  posted,  and  "opened  a  furious  fire  upon 
the  Confederate  batteries."  "  Jackson  hastened  to  the 


BOAJHEEFJ.  (£E®[ffi<£E  D..  ARDHIEEWS, 


BANKS'S    RETREAT.  85 

front,"  but  the  loyal  force  "continued  to  check  his  fur 
ther  advance  until  dark."  1  Jackson  was  *  profoundly 
enraged." 

The  disabled  wagons,  about  fifty  in  number,  could 
not  be  brought  off  for  want  of  horses ;  and,  by  order 
of  Colonel  Gordon  after  sending  in  vain  for  horses, 
they  were  burned. 

It  was  twilight  when  he  ordered  his  force  on  again. 
Companies  A  and  C  were  in  the  rear,  and  the  men  of 
B  were  flankers.  A  little  distance  beyond  the  burning 
wagons,  the  enemy's  cavalry  appeared.  Part  of  A  was 
placed  on  the  left  of  the  soad ;  part  of  C  on  the  right ; 
and  platoons  from  the  two,  under  Lieutenant  Grafton, 
in  the  road.  Jackson  was  with  his  cavalry.  "  Charge 
them  !  charge  them  !  "  said  he.  They  advanced  ;  but, 
when  within  fifty  or  sixty  yards,  the  men  of  the  three 
companies  poured  in  their  fire,  and  the  rebels  turned 
and  fled.  "  Cowards  !  "  could  be  heard  shouted. 
"  Shameful !  "  said  Jackson.  2 

A  little  farther  on,  at  Barton's  Mills,  Company  I  re 
lieved  A  and  C,  that  they  might  take  their  knapsacks, 
left  there  before  returning  to  Newtown.  Again  the 
cavalry  came  on  :  Company  I  opened  fire :  again  the 


1  Rev.  Professor  Dabney,  in  his  Life  of  Jackson,  says  :  "  Upon  approach 
ing  Newtown,  the  General  was  disappointed  to  find   his  artillery  arrested 

.  .  .  The  enemy  .  .  .  showed  a  determined  front.  ...    It  was  sunset  be-,, 
fore  they  were  dislodged,  and  the  pursuit  resumed." 

Between  these  two  biographers  of  Jackson  is  this  difference  :  Cooke 
gives  as  fair  a  story  as  possible,  considering  his  exalted  views  of  South 
ern  men  ;  nor  does  he  exhibit  an  ugly  spirit.  Dabney  is  perfectly  malig 
nant;  and,  apparently  from  principle,  never  tells  the  truth  if  he  can  avoid  it. 

2  Dabney. 


86       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

cavalry  fled.  "  So  severe  a  fire,"  says  Dabney,  "  that 
the  cavalry  advance  retired  precipitately  out  of  it, 
carrying  the  General  and  his  attendants  along  with 
them,  and  riding  down  several  cannoneers  who  had 
been  brought  up  to  their  support."  Then  the  enemy's 
infantry  appeared.  "Three  regiments  of  the  Stone 
wall  Brigade,"  says  Cooke,  "were  thrown  forward,"  who 
"attacked  with  great  gallantry  ;  and  heavy  firing  ensued." 
"  So  pertinacious  was  the  stand  of  the  Federalists  here," 
says  Dabney,  "the  27th,  2d,  and  5th  Virginia  regi 
ments  were  brought  up ;  and  the  affair  grew  to  the 
dimensions  of  a  night  combat  before  they  gave  way." 
It  was  a  combat  between  three  regiments  of  the  famous 
Stonewall  Brigade,  and  Company  I,  with  D  as  flankers, 
re-enforced  on  the  sides  of  the  road  by  Companies  B 
and  C,  the  whole  under  Major  D  wight  of  the  Second 
Massachusetts.  The  regiment  accomplished  the  object 
of  the  halt,  and  moved  on.  . 

Near  Kernstown,  a  halt  was  ordered  for  rest,  and  to 
arrange  to  send  on  the  wounded.  Ambulances  were 
sent  for,  but  did  not  appear  ;  and  the  wounded  were  put 
into  a  house.  Half  an  hour  passed  :  again  the  enemy 
crept  up  in  the  darkness,  and  opened  fire,  which  was 
promptly  returned.  But  the  cavalry,  which  had  joined, 
stampeded.  The  macadamized  road  brought  the  regi 
ment  into  relief,  while  the  enemy  were  hidden  in  the 
fields.  The  order  was  given  to  move  on ;  and  the 
enemy  did  not  immediately  follow.  Surgeon  Leland, 
with  the  wounded  men  in  the  house,  fell  into  the  hands 
of  the  enemy. 


87 


At  two  o'clock,  A.M.,  the  regiment  reached  the  vicini 
ty  of  Winchester,  and  lay  down  to  rest.  But  Com 
pany  C,  as  was  a  company  from  each  regiment,  was 
sent  out  on  outpost  duty,  and  were  skirmishing  steadily. 
They  maintained  their  position  with  difficulty,  but  suc 
cessfully. 

Early  in  the  morning,  Colonels  Gordon  and  Donelly 
placed  their  brigades  in  position.  On  the  right  of  the 
road,  looking  southward,  was  Colonel  Gordon,  —  the 
Second  on  the  right,  then  the  3d  Wisconsin,  the  27th 
Indiana,  and  the  29th  Pennsylvania.  Battery  M,  First 
New- York  Artillery  (Lieutenant  Peabody) ,  consisting 
of  six  six-pound  Parrotts,  was  posted  on  the  ridge.  In 
front  of  the  line  was  a  gulley,  running  at  an  angle 
with  the  road;  and  beyond,  another  height.  Colonel 
Donelly  posted  his  few  regiments  on  the  left  of  the 
road. 

At  five,  A.M.,  the  skirmishers  were  driven  in  by  the 
Stonewall  Brigade,  under  General  Winder,  making 
"  a  sharp  and  resolute  resistance,  firing  heavy  vol 
leys."  Colonel  Gordon  immediately  directed  his  bat 
tery  to  open  fire  on  the  columns  of  the  enemy  moving 
into  position.  "  To  dislodge  these  guns,"  says  Cooke, 
"  Carpenter's  and  Cutshaw's  batteries  with  two  Par- 
rott  guns  from  the  Rockbridge  Artillery,  were  rapidly 
placed  in  position,  and  opened  fire.  The  battle  speedily 
commenced  in  good  earnest."  Donelly's  guns  and  in 
fantry  were  quickly  heard  on  the  left,  and  "  a  dan 
gerous  enfilade  fire  was  poured  on  the  Southern  lines." 

i  Cooke. 


88       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INTANTRY. 

Two  companies  of  the  Second  were  thrown  forward 
to  annoy  the  enemy's  guns,  — D,  Captain  Savage  ;  and 
G,  Captain  Cary.  They  took  shelter  behind  a  stone 
wall,  and  "  opened  a  galling  and  destructive  fire  on  the 
cannoneers  and  horses  attached  to  the  Confederate  bat 
teries."  The  fire  was  so  sharp  that  some  of  the  enemy's 
guns  withdrew,  and  some  were  silenced.  The  skir 
mishers  continued  their  fire  "  with  a  precision  which 
was  galling  and  dangerous  in  the  extreme.  ~No  one 
could  mount  to  the  crest  of  the  hill  without  hearing  the 

O 

sudden  report  of  their  excellent  long-range  guns,  suc 
ceeded  by  the  whistling  of  balls  near  his  person.  To 
drive  out  these  persistent  and  accurate  marksmen,"  the 
rebel  Poague  threw  solid  shot  at  their  stone  wall ; 
"  but,  in  spite  of  the  missiles  and  crashing  stones 
around  them,"  says  Cooke,  "  the  line  of  sharpshooters 
still  gallantly  held  their  position." 

But  rebel  regiments  were  moving  in  swarms  around 
the  right,  under  the  rebel  General  Taylor.  To  prevent 
being  flanked,  Colonel  Gordon  moved  the  Twenty-ninth 
Pennsylvania  and  Twenty-seventh  Indiana  to  the  right. 
"  The  Federal  commander,"  says  Cooke,  of  this  move 
ment,  "was  making  preparations  to  assail  Jackson's 
position  in  force.  All  was  ready  at  last ;  and  suddenly 
the  Federal  infantry  was  seen  moving  in  heavy  columns 
to  the  [rebel]  left,  with  the  evident  intention  of  gaining 
possession  of  the  ridge  to  the  north  and  west  of  the 
town."  Against  Taylor's  men  and  the  Stonewall 
Brigade  on  the  flank,  and  the  still  steady  fire  in  front, 
Colonel  Gordon's  four  regiments  were,  of  course,  of 


89 


little  avail.  They  poured  in  a  destructive  fire,  and  then 
heard  the  order  to  fall  back.  The  Second  moved  down 
the  hill,  by  left  of  companies  to  the  rear, — the  Third 
Wisconsin,  in  line  of  battle  ;  but  a  company  or  two  of 
each  halted  to  pour  one  destructive  volley.  The 
heights  were  now  swarming  with  rebel  troops,  whose 
fire  went  principally  overhead.  The  regiments  kept  in 
order ;  entered  Winchester ;  and  the  Second,  turning 
into  a  cross  street,  re-arranged  the  order  of  companies, 
and  formed  by  the  usual  alignment.  The  enemy 
appeared  on  the  main  streets,  and  opened  fire.  Through 
Winchester  (with  shots  from  houses  until  forbearance 
ceased l) ,  by  the  burning  buildings ;  on  the  road  to 
Martinsburg,  —  the  rear  of  that  portion  of  the  force 
which  took  that  road.  The  enemy's  guns  were  quickly 
placed  in  an  old  work,  and  opened  fire.  Cavalry 
threatened.  But  the  regiment  kept  steadily  on.  Some 
of  the  force  in  the  advance  were  getting  into  disorder. 
General  Banks,  knowing  that  any  disorder  would  become 


1  On  this  matter,  testimony  was  afterwards  taken,  by  order  from 
Division  Headquarters.  In  addition  to  abundant  proof,  that  citizens  fired 
from  houses,  was  evidence  that  women  fired  upon  the  soldiers.  I  make  a 
few  extracts  from  different  statements:  "I  came  out  on  the  west  street.  I 
saw  two  women  shoot  from  a  window.  They  used  guns."  —  "I  saw  a  woman 
standing  in  the  window  with  a  pistol  in  her  hand.  I  saw  her  shoot,  and  saw 
a  man  fall."  — "I  saw  a  woman  shoot  a  pistol  from  a  window."  [Five  wit 
nesses  to  the  scene.]  —  "I  saw  a  woman  fire,  from  a  house,  a  revolver.  This 
was  near  the  centre  of  the  town. "  —  "I  saw  two  women.  One  discharged  a 
pistol;  the  ball  passing  over  my  head,  and  entering  a  wall  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  street."  — "  On  Main  Street,  a  woman  came  to  the  door,  and  fired 
what  I  thought  to  be  a  revolver."  When  it  is  remembered,  that,  during  our 
occupation  of  Winchester,  women  were  as  safe  from  insult  in  the  streets  of 
Winchester  as  in  Boston,  the  infamous  conduct  of  that  population  is  evi 
dent.  It  needed  purifying  by  fire. 


90       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

a  rout,  placed  himself  in  front,  and  restored  discipline. 
Thirty-two  miles'  march,  without  a  halt,  brought  it 
to  Martinsburg.  There  the  enemy  ceased  to  follow. 
The  quartermaster  procured  "  crackers,"  and  fed  the 
men.  Thirteen  miles  more,  with  a  throng  of  Union 
people,  children  and  adults,  and  Williamsport  was 
reached.  The  trains,  save  the  wagons  lost  before  the 
Second  became  rear-guard,  were  safe.  A  thousand 
camp-fires  blazed  on  the  hillside.  The  trains  crossed 
by  the  deep  ford ;  the  ammunition  wagons,  by  the  single 
ferry ;  the  men  forded ;  all  were  over  before  noon 
next  day,  except  that  four  companies  of  the  Second, 
and  the  same  of  the  Third  Wisconsin,  —  sworn  friends 
from  that  day,  —  were  left  for  duty  on  the  Virginia 
shore.1  The  Second  had  marched,  in  thirty-three  hours, 
fifty-six  miles,  fighting  in  one  pitched  battle  and  in  the 
skirmishes  as  rear-guard. 

The  conduct  of  the  Second  on  this  occasion  put  its 
reputation,  before  the  country,  on  that  basis  for  which 
its  thorough  discipline,  accomplished  drill,  and  personal 
bravery  had  been  fitting  it.  Its  own  State  was  proud 
of  it ;  and  that  pride  only  grew  with  succeeding  years. 
The  regiment  was  satisfied  with  itself;  and  officers  and 
men  from  that  day  understood  each  other,  taught  as 
only  this  baptism  of  fire  could  teach. 


1  Dabney  says,  "  When  the  last  of  the  cavalry  drove  the  last  of  the  fugi 
tives  across  the  Potomac,  a  multitude  of  helpless  blacks  were  found,"  etc. 
There  was  no  annoyance  whatever  beyond  Martinsburg.  The  troops  were 
in  order.  Nor  did  the  infantry  all  cross  until  next  day;  and  then,  without  a 
sign  of  the  enemy.  General  Banks  replaced  the  infantry  south  of  the  river 
with  cavalry,  who  occupied  the  road  for  miles  out. 


91 


But  Major  Dwight — brave  and  beloved — was  miss 
ing.  Surgeon  Leland,  who  had  remained  with  the 
wounded  at  Kernstown,  and  Assistant-Surgeon  Stone, 
who  would  not  abandon  the  hospital  in  his  charge  at 
Winchester,  were  prisoners.  Captain  Mudge  and  Sec 
ond  Lieutenant  Crowninshield  were  wounded, — Mudge, 
carried  for  miles  in  the  arms  of  a  few  of  his  men,  who, 
separated  from  the  command,  succeeded  in  taking  him  to 
Harper's  Ferry.  Emerson  and  Staples,  of  C  ;  Lakin, 
of  D  ;  Dane  and  Peck,  of  Gr ;  O'Connell,  of  H;  and 
Higgins,  of  I,  —  were  killed  in  action.  Stephens  (A.), 
of  B  ;  Colvin,  of  D  ;  Churchill,  Vose,  and  Williams, 
of  F;  Bickford  and  Bosmore,  of  I, — were  mortally 
wounded.  Forty-one  others  were  wounded.  And, 
besides  seventeen  of  the  wounded,  seventy-seven  were 
prisoners.1  Of  the  dead,  Higgins  was  buried  at  Bartons- 
ville  ;  the  others,  on  the  field  near  Winchester. 

Jackson's  object  had  been  accomplished.  Not  in 
destroying  or  capturing  the  division,  which  he  ought  to 
have  done ;  but  in  effectually  breaking  up  the  plans  of 
the  general-in-chief,  by  frightening  the  authorities,  as 
usual,  into  the  securing  "the  defence  of  Washington," 
which  his  mere  advance  accomplished.  The  troops 
were  never  "  to  uncover  Washington."  McDowell  was 


1  Pollard,  in  his  "  Southern  History,"  says  that  Jackson  took  "  four  thou 
sand  prisoners."  As  General  Banks  had  but  two  brigades,  the  brilliancy  of 
this  statement  is  evident.  It  is  a  sample  of  Pollard.  He  is  not  worth  refer 
ring  to  again. 

The  "English  Combatant's  Battle-fields  of  the  South"  makes  Banks's 
force  twenty  thousand  men,  and  says  that  Winchester  "  was  strongly  forti 
fied."  English! 


92       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

not  to  re-enforoe  McClellan  for  the  capture  of  Rich- 
mond.  "The  President's  order,"  said  McDowell  just 
before  this  affair,  "  is  a  crushing  blow ;  ...  we  shall 
have  all  our  large  masses  paralyzed."  They  were  :  and 
Banks's  command,  fatally  weakened  early  in  May,  had 
met  with  a  crushing  disaster.  Banks,  left  with  less 
than  eight  thousand  men,  had  been  overpowered  by  a 
force  admitted  to  be  over  twenty  thousand. 

Crossing  the  river  to  Williamsport,  camp  was  estab 
lished  half  a  mile  back  of  the  town,  and  continued 
until  the  10th  of  June.  Here  Major  Dwight  suddenly 
returned.  Various  accounts  had  insisted  that  he  was 
dead.  But  he  had  yielded  a  moment,  in  Winchester, 
to  the  solicitations  of  a  wounded  man  to  place  him  in  a 
house.  It  was  a  momentary  stop,  but  when  he  came 
out,  the  rebels  were  there.  Receiving  his  arms,  an  offi 
cer  asked  him,  "  Have  you  no  other  arms  ?  "  —  "  If  you 
are  very  particular,"  replied  the  major,  "  here  is  a  pen 
knife."  He  was  treated  kindly ;  and  after  considerable 
effort  succeeded  in  getting  paroled,  and  reached  our 
lines.  As  he  came  to  camp,  a  shout  went  up,  "The 
major  ! "'  All  order  seemed  to  vanish  as  the  men  rushed 
towards  him,  took  hold  of  his  clothes,  cheered;  and 
escorted  the  happy,  laughing  man  into  camp.  He  was 
not  exchanged  until  after  Cedar  Mountain.  Surgeon 
Leland  was  paroled,  and  left  with  wounded  at  Winchester 
when  the  rebels  quitted.  Assistant- Surgeon  Stone  was 
paroled  ;  the  parole  to  be  a  free  release,  if  at  Washing 
ton  he  could  secure  an  agreement  that  surgeons  should 
be  not  liable  to  capture,  —  which  was  accomplished. 


BANKS'S    RETREAT.  93 

A  change  of  command  took  place.  Two  brigadiers 
had  been  sent  from  Washington,  and  had  arrived ;  but 
were  not  assigned,  at  Strasburg.  On  the  28th  of  May, 
Brigadier-General  George  L.  Greene  took  command  of 
the  Third  Brigade.  He  was  a  good  and  brave  soldier ; 
but  an  angel — if  a  military  angel  exists  —  could  not 
have  satisfied  the  men,  after  their  experience  of  Colonel 
Gordon  in  the  retreat.  A  sense  of  injustice  was  preva 
lent.  General  Banks  felt  the  harshness  of  removing 
an  officer  who  had  rendered  such  service,  and  who  had 
always  been  so  efficient ;  but  he  was  powerless.  He  is 
sued,  however,  an  order  in  which  he  expressed  his  — 

"  Unqualified  approval  of  the  manner  in  which  Colonel 
George  H.  Gordon  has  discharged  the  duties  of  brigade- 
cormnander.  In  organization,  discipline,  instruction,  and 
equipment,  he  has  maintained  and  elevated  the  standard  of 
his  command.  In  the  execution  of  orders, — often,  from 
the  extreme  necessities  of  our  position  and  the  great  reduc 
tion  of  our  force,  sudden  and  difficult,  —  he  has  been  prompt 
and  successful,  exhibiting  on  all  occasions  the  qualities  of  an 
accomplished  and  experienced  officer.  The  commanding 
officer  has  also  the  pleasure  of  expressing  his  approval  of 
the  manner  in  which  the  Third  Brigade  and  its  commander 
discharged  their  most  important  duties  in  the  march  from 
Strasburg,  on  the  24th  instant ;  and,  in  the  affair  with  the 
enemy,  as  rear-guard  of  the  column,  in  the  evening  of 
the  same  day,  which  contributed  so  much  to  the  safety  of  the 
command ;  and,  in  the  engagement  of  the  25th,  at  Win 
chester,  Va.  He  has  the  strongest  confidence  that  its 
distinguished  character  and  reputation  will  be  maintained 
hereafter." 

But  this  removal  resulted  in  the  immediate  promotion 


94  SECOND    MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

of  Colonel  Gordon.  He  had  been  unanimously  recom 
mended  for  the  appointment  of  brigadier,  by  the  Con 
gressional  delegation  from  Massachusetts,  in  August, 
1861.  The  personal  opposition  of  a  Massachusetts 
official  had  prevented  it ;  but  General  Banks  knew  his 
worth,  and  had  regularly  arranged  his  brigades  to  place 
him  at  the  head  of  his  own.  The  glaring  injustice  now 
overrode  personal  influence  ;  and  his  promotion  for  his 
conduct  in  the  retreat,  was  made  June  12,  1862.  "He 
has  got  his  promotion,"  wrote  one  official  to  another. 
"I  could  not  help  it :  he  earned  it."  The  scene,  when 
he  took  leave  of  his  old  regiment,  with  the  reply  of 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Andrews,  was  affecting. 

General  Greene  continued  in  command,  and  Lieu 
tenant-Colonel  Andrews  was  promoted  colonel :  Ser 
geant  Miller,  of  Company  D,  was  promoted  to  be 
second  lieutenant,  —  by  and  by,  to  be  disabled  by 
wounds. 

Of  General  Fremont's  movements  from  Western  Vir 
ginia  (on  which  he  started  May  25)  into  the  valley; 
of  Jackson's  sudden  evacuation  of  Winchester,  necessi 
tated  thereby ;  of  the  pursuit,  and  of  the  battles  of 
Cross  Keys  and  Port  Republic  in  consequence,  —  it  is 
out  of  the  province  of  this  account  to  speak.  But  the 
valley  was  cleared  for  the  time. 

At  Williamsport  came  a  paper  of  a  private  charac 
ter  from  the  War  Department.  At  Strasburg,  the 
line  officers  (if  the  lieutenant  -  colonel  commanding 
knew  of  it,  he  kept  silence) ,  terribly  chagrined  that  a 
regiment  of  such  material,  and  made  by  so  much  labor, 


BANKS'S    RETREAT.  95 

should  be  kept  in  inaction  at  Strasburg,  while  other 
troops  were  to  win  glory  in  Eastern  Virginia,  had  ven 
tured  to  address  a  letter  to  the  Secretary,  stating  their 
case,  and  asking,  if  the  good  of  the  service  would  per 
mit,  to  be  put  where  they  could  do  something.  The 
answer  was  kind  and  appreciative  :  but  "  the  exigencies 
of  the  service  required  that  the  regiment  should  stay  at 
Strasburg."  This  answer  was  received  at  Williams- 
port,  and  was  thought,  under  the  circumstances,  to  be 
rather  a  good  joke.  There  was  to  be  glory  enough  by 
and  by. 


96       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTKY. 


VIII. 

GENERAL,    POPE. 

On  the  7th  of  June,  General* Greene  told  the  bri 
gade  to  be  "  in  readiness  to  move  across  the  river 
at  an  hour's  notice ; "  and  that  "  neither  officers  or 
men  will  be  permitted  to  leave  the  camp."  On  the 
day  previous,  General  Banks  had  issued  an  order,  that 
General  Williams's  Division  was  to  "  march  through  the 
city  of  Winchester,  in  close  order,  with  drums  beating ; 
and  in  no  case  whatever  will  any  soldier  be  permitted 
to  leave  the  ranks."  This  was  to  prevent  that  salutary 
vengeance  which  the  incensed  soldiers  would  have  ta 
ken  on  all  houses  from  which  men  and  women  had  fired 
on  our  soldiers  in  the  retreat.  Perhaps  it  was  best,  but 
that  infamous  town  never  met  its  deserts.  Luckily, 
Satan  will  get  his  own  some  day. 

Furious  rains  had  prevented  a  crossing  for  four  or 
five  days ;  but,  on  the  10th,  the  troops  crossed  the 
river,  the  band  of  the  Second  playing  "  Carry  me  back 
to  ole  Virginny."  Bivouacked  that  night  near  Falling 
Waters ;  the  next,  camped  at  Bunker  Hill.  The  next 
day  approached  Winchester  ;  halted  an  hour  outside  the 
town  ;  marched  through  in  the  manner  designated,  find- 


GENEKAL    POPE.  97 

ing  there  General  Sigel's  Corps,  which  had  been  sent 
across  from  Harper's  Ferry,  on  the  usual  principle  of 
doing  every  thing  too  late.  The  colonel  got  a  bou 
quet  in  Winchester,  which  proved  that  there  was 
one  decent  woman  in  that  ungodly  town.  Kept  on 
for  a  mile  below  town  ;  rested  for  some  hours,  and  then 
moved  to  Bartonsville,  six  miles  below  Winchester, 
and  camped.  So  far  into  Virginia,  everybody  had 
scrupulously  abstained,  according  to  orders  of  the  brig 
adier,  from  even  getting  a  drop  of  water  from  any 
body's  well,  which  seemed  rather  hard  in  that  villainous 
country,  and  was  very  discouraging  to  a  chaplain  in  re 
gard  to  the  increase  of  swearing. 

At  Bartonsville,  where  the  bullets  of  the  enemy  were 
visible  in  the  bridge-posts,  the  regiment  remained  six 
days.  Discipline  was  strict.  Soldiers  even  had  to  re 
build  a  fence  whose  rails  had  been  taken  for  firewood, 
the  secession  owner  complaining  about  it.  Fine  times 
those  were  :  but  profanity  increased. 

Here  came  to  the  regiment  William  H.  Heath,  as 
volunteer  surgeon.  When  it  was  known  in  Boston, 
that  both  the  medical  officers  of  the  Second  were  pris 
oners,  Surgeon-General  Dale  sent  a  despatch  to  Dr. 
Heath,  to  come  in  to  Boston.  He  went  immediately. 
"Will  you  go  to  the  Second  for  temporary  service?" 
"  Yes  :  when  ?  "  —  «  This  afternoon  ?  "  —  "  Yes.  "  He 
had  time  only  to  purchase  a  valise  and  a  suit  of  clothing  ; 
and,  sending  a  "good-by"to  his  wife,  whom  there  was 
not  time  to  see,  left  for  Virginia.  When  he  arrived,  he 
was  persuaded  to  accept  a  commission ;  and  he  did  not 

7 


98       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

see  his  home  again  until  J864.  He  was  to  be  recog 
nized  as  one  of  the  best  surgeons  and  truest  men  in  the 
corps,  before  he  died, -of  disease  caused  by  devotion  to 
duty  in  the  trenches  before  Atlanta. 

On  the  18th,  moved  to  near  Front  Eoyal,  and  re 
mained  there  until  the  6th  of  July.  General  Fremont 
was  then  holding  Strasburg;  and  the  two  commands 
were  separated,  for  fifty  miles,  by  a  line  in  the  road, 
—  which  tended  to  unity  of  plan,  of  course. 

On  the  25th,  General  Gordon  was  replaced  in  com 
mand  of  the  brigade.  He  was  joyfully  welcomed  back. 
General  Greene  had  secured  respect,  and  deserved  it ; 
and  when  he  was  afterwards  severely  wounded,  the  bri 
gade  sincerely  mourned :  but  General  Gordon  they 
knew. 

It  was  a  hot  Sunday,  that  of  the  6th  of  July. 
Ready  to  move  early ;  but  not  until  eleven  o'clock  was 
the  "  forward  "  heard.  A  few  miles  on,  at  the  junction 
of  the  north  fork  and  main  stream  of  the  Shenandoah, 
waited  in  an  open  plain  in  tlje  blazing  sun  for  hours, 
while  the  trains  got  out  of  the  way.  Crossed  the  tem 
porary  bridge  ;  passed  over  Kenly's  battle-ground ,  and 
saw  plenty  of  old  iron  ;  went  through  the  pretty  village 
of  Front  Royal,  and  camped  a  mile  south;  men  fell 
down,  entirely  exhausted  by  the  heat,  on  reaching  the 
camp-ground,  but  many  found  comfort  in  a  cooling 
bath  in  the  brawling  brook  near  by.  On  the  7th,  re 
veille  at  three,  A.M.  ;  at  six,  on  the  road  for  the  Blue 
Ridge.  Passed  up  Chester  Gap,  where  the  cooling 
breeze  refreshingly  tempered  the  powerful  heat;  de- 


GENERAL    POPE.  99 

scended,  and  thanked  God  that  we  were  out  of  the 
valley  at  last.  Made  twelve  miles  before  eleven  o'clock  ; 
rested  in  a  beautiful  wood  just  before  Flint  Hill ;  and, 
towards  night,  had  orders  to  camp,  and  a  delightful 
shower  blessed  the  camp. 

Some  kind  of  a  local  magistrate  dropped  into  camp 
in  the  afternoon,  while  the  grapes  were  being  eaten, 
to  discuss  matters.  His  coolness  was  refreshing.  He 

O 

insisted  that  we  had  no  constitutional  right  to  "  iuvade" 
Virginia,  for  the  Constitution  gave  no  right  to  carry 
on  a  war  outside  of  the  United  States.  Virginia  had 
seceded;  ergo,  war  in  Virginia  was  unconstitutional. 
Further,  we  ought  to  restore  fugitive  slaves,  for  the 
Fugitive-Slave  law  said  so.  "  But,"  said  the  General, 
"  is  Virginia  one  of  the  United  States?  " —  "  No,"  was 
the  prompt  reply.  "  Then  what  have  you  got  to  do 
with  the  Fugitive-Slave  law,  or  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  ?  " 

Rear-guard  next  day.  Slow  business ;  but  it  gave 
time  to  eat  the  cherries.  Waiting  for  the  trains,  the 
men  ate  cherries ;  picked  cherries  to  eat  on  the  road ; 
cut  limbs  full  of  cherries  to  carry  along.  Providence 
had  evidently  made  those  cherries  for  that  occasion ; 
and  yet  the  secession  owners  had  the  impudence  and 
impiety  to  object  to  the  ways  of  Providence  !  Five 
miles  beyond  the  cherry-trees,  halted;  then  camped, 
and  here  recovered  divers  stolen  horses.  It  was  near 
Gaines's  Cross-roads.  On  the  llth,  eight  miles  to 
near  Warrenton. 

On  the  12th  :  "Orders  having  been  received  from  Ma- 


100      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

jor-General  Pope,  commanding  the  Army  of  Virginia, 
to  have  this  command  in  constant  readiness  for  a  move 
ment,"  &c.  &c.  —  as  if  it  had  been  doing  any  thing 
else  !  On  the  same  day,  the  "  Zouaves  d'Afrique," 
good  men  under  an  absurd  title  and  in  an  absurd  dress, 
were  assigned  to  duty,  under  Colonel  Andrews,  — 
"  where  they  will  receive  proper  instruction  and  dis 
cipline."  They  certainly  got  it  ;  and  they  proved  their 
bravery  at  Cedar  Mountain.1 

General  Pope  was  in  command.  On  the  26th  day  of 
June,  by  special  order  of  the  President,  he  had  been 
assigned  to  this  position.  It  was  a  good  thing  that 
three  separate  commands  in  one  department  were  now 
to  be  under  one  head,  —  McDowell's,  to  be  known  as 
the  1st  Corps;  Banks's,  the  2d  ;  and  Fremont's,  the 
3d,  of  the  "  Army  of  Virginia,"  by  order  of  August  12. 
Fremont,  it  will  be  remembered,  refused  to  serve  under 
a  junior  in  rank  ;  but  Banks  made  no  objection. 

On  the  14th  of  July  (General  Crawford  was  in  tem 
porary  command  of  the  division  that  day),  General 
Pope  issued  his  address.  It  was  by  no  means  well 
received.  "I  have  come  from  the  West,"  he  said, 
"  where  we  have  always  seen  the  backs  of  our  enemies." 
The  enemy  saw  his  by  and  by.  "I  hear  constantly,"  he 
said,  "  of  taking  strong  positions,  and  holding  them  [  if 


1  This  company  had  been  General  Banks's  guard.  "  An  English  Com 
batant,"  in  his  work,  "  Battle-Fields  of  the  South,"  —  a  work  full  of  lies 
from  beginning  to  end,  —  in  referring  to  a  mention  of  these  Zouaves,  says, 
"  My  reader  will  not  fail  to  observe  from  the  above,  that  General  Banks's 
body-guard  is  composed  of  negroes."  The  writer  need  not  hare  said  he  was 
English. 


GENERAL    POPE.  101 

he  had  held  his,  it  would  have  been  better  for  Massa 
chusetts]  ;  of  lines  of  retreat,  and  of  bases  of  supplies. 
Let  us  discard  such  ideas."  The  latter  were  discarded 
when  supplies  came  down  to  green  corn  ;  the  former 
were  not,  when  they  led  inside  the  fortifications  of 
Washington.  It  was  not  the  way  to  talk  to  soldiers 
who  had  proved  their  daring  against  overwhelming 
powers.  The  papers  said  that  General  Pope's  "head 
quarters  were  to  be  in  the  saddle."  They  ought  to 
have  said,  "in  a  good  many  saddles,  and  wagons  enough 
for  a  division," —  as  appeared  when  five  weeks  after 
his  assignment  to  command  the  General  was  received 
by  the  Second  Corps. 

Another  order  was  sensible  :  "  Hereafter  no  guards 
will  be  placed  over  private  houses  or  private  property 
of  any  description  whatever.  Commanding  officers 
are  responsible  for  the  conduct  of  the  troops  under 
their  command." 

Here  baggage  was  cut  down  again,  July  16  :  one 
valise  to  an  officer ;  three  officers  to  a  tent  (which  was 
luxury  compared  to  subsequent  days)  ;  a. "shelter  tent 
[tent  d'abri]  to  each  two  privates."  The  Sibleys  de 
parted,  and  were  seen  no  more.  Ten  days'  rations  to 
be  kept  on  hand ;  a  hundred  and  fifty  rounds  of  ammu 
nition  per  man  to  be  kept  in  the  wagons. 

How  we  came  to  Warrenton  was  a  blunder.  Some 
stupid  official  had  written  "Warrenton,"  instead  of 
"  Washington,  "  —  the  "  Little  Washington  "  westward. 
So,  on  the  16th,  marched  to  Hedgeman's  River,  crossed 
it,  and  camped  in  a  sharp  thunder-storm.  The  next 


102      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

day,  through  the  forlorn  village  of  Amissville,  to 
Gaines's  Cross-roads  ;  and,  turning  westward,  travelled 
in  another  thunder-storm  to  a  steep  hillside  overlooking 
the  little  village  of  Little  Washington,  which  nestled 
prettily  under  its  trees,  but  proved  a  sham  when  one 
went  into  it.  Here  military  exercises  went  on, — 
instruction  of  men  and  officers  in  sighting,  aiming, 
calculating  distances,  and  so  on. 

On  the  25th,  moved  a  mile  below  the  village,  where 
a  camp  was  laid  out  on  regulation  distances,  — to  follow 
which  would  take  half  a  State  for  a  respectable  army. 
Here  was  a  great  review  and  sham  fights  and  cavalry 
charges.  Here  it  was  learned  that  General  Pope  had 
got  to  Warrenton  ;  and  here  he  soon  appeared.  On 
the  3d  of  August,  he  was  formally  received,  on  the 
day  of  his  own  selection,  —  which  was  Sunday;  but, 
when  at  the  close  General  Banks  was  to  have  Sunday 
observed  by  twenty  minutes  of  public  worship,  General 
Pope  galloped  off  in  a  hurry. 

Various  changes  took  place  in  the  roll  of  officers  in 
July.  Captain  Underwood  was  appointed  major  in  the 
Thirty-third  Massachusetts.  Lieutenant  Horton,  then 
detailed  on  General  Greene's  staff,  was  appointed 
assistant  adjutant-general;  Lieutenant  Wheaton,  then 
on  General  Gordon's  staff,  commissary  of  subsistence ; 
Lieutenant  Hawes,  also  on  General  Gordon's  staff, 
assistant-quartermaster  ;  and  Second  Lieutenant  Scott, 
also  on  the  same  staff,  assistant  adjutant-general,  each 
with  the  rank  of  captain.  Two  of  the  vacancies  made 
in  the  second  lieutenancies  were  filled  in  July,  —  by  the 


GENERAL   POPE.  103 

promotion  of  Albert  W.  Powers,  first  sergeant  of  G, 
and  Edward  A.  Phalen,  first  sergeant  of  C, — neither 
commission  arriving  until  after  each  had  been  wounded 
at  Cedar  Mountain. 

The  line  of  the  army  ran  through  Warrenton,  Little 
Washington,  Sperryville,  and  Luray ;  while'  in  the 
valley  somebody  was  holding,  rather  shakingly,  that 
Sodom  named  Winchester  ;  and  the  rebels  were  gather 
ing,  up  the  valley,  the  rich  crops  which  a  general  order, 
early  in  the  season,  had  told  the  people  to  raise,  —  on 
the  old  plan  of  feeding  the  enemy.  The  left  of  the 
line  was  now  to  be  swung  forward  so  that  the  whole 
army  should  be  on  the  road  from  Culpeper  to  Sperry 
ville  ;  while  cavalry,  well  forward,  covered  its  front, 
from  the  Blue  Eidge  to  the  forks  of  the  Rappahannock. 
General  Banks  was  to  move  to  Hazel  River. 

The  Second  left  Little  Washington,  August  6th ; 
passed  General  Sigel  at  Sperryville ;  bivouacked  at 
Woodville  that  night,  and  at  Hazel  River  the  next : 
fifty  or  more  recruits  joined  here,  and  Colonel  An 
drews  —  the  indefatigable  man  —  had  a  battalion-drill 
in  the  morning. 


104      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 


IX. 


CEDAR   MOUNTAIN. 

THE  enemy  was  crossing  -the  Kapidan.  Culpeper  was 
occupied  about  the  4th  of  August,  by  Crawford's 
Brigade,  of  Banks's  Corps  ;  and  on  the  7th,  Ricketts's 
Division,  McDowell's  Corps,  arrived.  Bayard's  Cav 
alry  was  near  Rapidan  Station,  and  Buford's  at  Barnett's 
Ford.  The  enemy  made  a  feint  of  sending  off  a  column 
by  way  of  Madison  Court-house ;  but  his  object  was 
Culpeper.  On  the  morning  of  the  8th,  Bayard  was 
pressed  slowly  back ;  while  Buford  reported  the  enemy 
advancing  on  Madison.  Crawford's  Brigade  was  sent 
out  towards  Cedar  Mountain  to  support  Bayard,  and 
General  Banks  was  ordered  up  from  Hazel  River. 
The  Second  bivouacked  that  night  (or  what  was  left  of 
the  night),  just  on  the  north  of  Culpeper.  Jackson, 
the  old  opponent,  was  busy  again.1 

On  the  morning  of  the  9th,  directions  to  fall  in ; 
to  camp ;  to  fall  in  again.  An  officer  rode  up  to 
General  Banks,  with  an  order.  It  was  given  verbally, 


1  "  Learning  that  only  a  portion  of  General  Pope's  army  was  at  Culpeper 
Court-house,  General  Jackson  resolved  to  attack  it  before  the  arrival  of  the 
remainder."  — Lee's  Reports. 


CEDAR   MOUNTAIN.  105 

but  reduced  to  writing  by  General  Banks's  assistant 
adjutant-general,  Colonel  Pelouze  ;  and  read  to  the  offi 
cer  who  brought  it,  who  pronounced  it  correct.  It 
was  this  :  — 

"  CULPEPER,  9.45,  A.M.,  Aug.  9,  1862. 

"  General  Banks  will  move  to  the  front  immediately ;  assume 
command  of  all  the  forces  in  the  front ;  deploy  his  skirmishers, 
if  the  enemy  approaches  ;  and  attack  him  immediately,  as  soon 
as  he  approaches  ;  and  be  re-enforced  from  here." 1 

On  the  road,  then,  to  support  Crawford,  who  was 
being  pressed  by  the  enemy.  Through  Culpeper,  on  a 
south-west  course.  It  was  an  intensely  hot  day.  One 
man,  —  Carey,  of  F,  —  died  from  exhaustion,  and  was 
buried  by  the  roadside :  he  was  a  recruit,  who  had 
joined  but  a  few  days  before.  Two  or  three  miles  out 
of  Culpeper,  a  whole  division  (Ricketts's)  was  passed, 
—  destined  to  chafe  uselessly  in  sound  of  every  shot  of 
that  day.  Now  and  then,  the  dull,  heavy  sound  of 
single  shots  was  heard.  Five  miles  from  Culpeper,  left 
the  road  at  the  run,  followed  its  rough  course  west 
ward  half  a  mile,  and  saw  Cedar  Mountain,  —  a  tall, 
steep  hill,  overlooking  the  low  ground ;  passed  up  the 
hill  on  which  was  Brown's  house,  and  the  brigade  was 
put  in  line  on  the  wooded  crest  beyond  it,  in  a  com 
manding  position,  to  which  General  Gordon  had 
pointed,  while  in  the  low  ground,  and  received  the 
assent  of  General  Roberts,  General  Pope's  chief  of 


1  General  Pope,  in  his  official  report,  says,  "  I  regret  that  General  Banks 
thought  it  expedient  to  depart  from  my  instructions."  It  is  useless  to  try 
to  reconcile  this  statement  with  his  order. 


106       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

staff,  who  soon  rode  up  and  approved  it.  The  other 
brigades  were  not  then  in  position  ;  when  they  were 
stationed,  it  was  so  that  the  Third  Brigade  thus  had  the 
extreme  right,  at  an  angle  with  Crawford's,  and,  in  fact, 
totally  disconnected :  next  to  Crawford  were  Geary, 
Greene,  and  Prince,  in  order.  Crawford's  Brigade 
was  in  a  wood ;  the  other  three,  in  the  open  ground, 
which  was  slightly  rolling,  and  their  line  ran  east  and 
west.  Gordon's  original  position  was  never  attacked. 

A  mile  and  a  half  south  of  the  line,  Cedar  Mountain 
towered  up  over  the  plain.  Up  that  mount,  the  enemy 
placed  batteries ;  and  there  stood  Jackson ,  able  to  see 
the  movement  of  every  regiment  of  ours.  His  line, 
gradually  developed,  came  to  be  about  parallel  to  ours 
of  the  four  brigades,  —  his  left  hid  in  the  woods  like 
our  right,  and  crossing  the  open  ground  to  the  hill. 
The  enemy  numbered,  one  of  their  accounts  says, 
"about  fifteen  thousand  men."  The  same  authority 
(Cooke)  mentions  ten  brigades  ;  and  their  official  list  of 
casualties  agrees  with  this,  —  specifying  losses  from 
forty-two  regiments  of  infantry,  one  regiment  of  cav 
alry,  and  four  "battalions,"  besides  the  batteries. 
Banks's  five  brigades  numbered  less  than  eight  thousand 


1  Cooke  says,  "  The  Federal  force  opposed  to  him  was  undoubtedly  much 
larger  than  his  own."  He  estimates  it  at  thirty-two  thousand,  including 
Banks's,  Sigel's,  and  a  division  of  McDowell's.  In  fact,  none  but  Banks's 
men  were  within  miles  of  the  battle-field,  as  he  might  have  known  from 
the  official  reports.  Dabney  says.  "  The  Federalists,  according  to  their  own 
returns,  had  thirty-two  thousand  men  engaged  in  this  battle."  Cooke  is 
honestly  mistaken;  Dabney,  dishonestly. 


CEDAR   MOUNTAIN.  107 

Standing  on  the  height  in  front  of  Brown's  house, 
General  Gordon's  Brigade  was  almost  in  one's  rear. 
Looking  southward,  across  a  run,  was  a  wooded 
swell ;  an  eighth  of  a  mile  through,  on  the  southern 
edge  of  the  wood,  was  Crawford :  an  open  field,  rather 
more  than  two  hundred  yards  across,  separated  him 
from  a  wood  occupied  by  the  rebels.  Crawford's  wood 
ran  eastward  to  a  point.  There  was  General  Banks  in 
person,  near  Geary.  Next  beyond  could  be  seen 
Greene,  and  then  Prince.  Cedar  Mountain  is  full  in 
view.  Early  in  the  afternoon,  General  Banks's  skir 
mishers  are  seen  pushing  forward.  The  enemy  presses 
them.  General  Banks  with  his  left  and  centre  meet  the 
enemy.1  There  is  a  rattling  fire.  The  enemy  have 
not  developed  yet ;  their  troops  are  mainly  out  of  sight, 
behind  the  wood  in  front  of  Crawford,  —  in  the  valley 
west  of  the  mountain.  But  they  press  harder  soon. 
The  guns  up  Cedar  Mountain  open.  Their  plunging 
shot  plough  the  ground  :  occasionally,  shell  burst  in 
our  line.  Our  artillery,  stationed  on  slight  elevations, 
replies.  The  enemy  open  with  guns  from  behind  the 
woods  in  front  of  our  General ;  and  the  artillery  fire 
becomes  rapid  on  both  sides.  The  moving  of  guns, 
the  shifting  of  cavalry,  the  slight  changes  in  line,  are 
visible.  It  does  not  yet  appear  in  what  force  are  the 
enemy.  It  is  two  hours  before  the  artillery  play  gives 
place  to  the  rattle  of  musketry  to  much  extent. 


1  This  is  all  which  bears  upon  General  Pope's  statement,  that  "  General 
Banks  had  left  the  strong  position  which  he  had  taken  up,  and  had  advanced 
two  miles  to  meet  the  enemy." 


108       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTKY. 

Then,  the  battery  behind  the  point  of  woods  is  so 
annoying  on  our  centre,  that  General  Banks  orders 
Crawford  to  move  across  the  open  field,  pierce  the 
woods,  and  attack  the  battery,  while  his  centre  moves 
on  at  the  same  time.  The  order  is  gallantly  obeyed. 
His  brigade  moves  on,  increased  by  five  companies  of 
the  Third  Wisconsin,  of  Gordon's  Brigade,  as  skir 
mishers  ,  —  steadily  thinned  by  a  terrible  fire  from  the 
concealed  foe,  and  by  a  flank  fire  which  comes  from 
the  thicket  on  the  west  of  the  field,  in  which  the  enemy 
have  been  hidden,  — both  Crawford's  Brigade,  and  five 
companies  of  our  Third  Wisconsin.  Donelly,  the  brave 
colonel  of  the  Twenty-eighth  New  York,  is  mortally 
wounded  by  a  shot  from  the  thicket.  Crane,  the  gal 
lant  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Third  Wisconsin,  falls 
dead.  Officers  are  swept  off  in  every  regiment.  The 
men  keep  on,  pierce  the  wood ;  but,  not  far  within  it, 
the  line  has  melted  away.1 

Looking  backward  from  Brown's  house,  still  remains 
the  Third  Brigade :  the  Second,  the  3d  Wisconsin 
(five  companies),  and  the  27th  Indiana,  —  three  regi 
ments  true  as  steel.  The  Second  only  is  visible  :  some 


1  It  must  be  in  reference  to  this,  and  to  the  movement  of  the  centre,  that 
Lee's  Keport  says,  "  The  main  body  of  the  Federal  infantry,  under  cover  of 
a  wood  and  the  undulations  of  the  field,  gained  the  left  of  Jackson's  Divis 
ion,  now  commanded  by  General  Taliaferro,  and  poured  a  destructive  fire 
into  its  flank  and  rear.  Campbell's  Brigade  fell  back  in  confusion, 
exposing  the  flank  of  Taliaferro's,  which  also  gave  way,  as  did  the  left  of 
Early's.  The  rest  of  his  brigade,  however,  firmly  held  its  ground.  Wind 
er's  Brigade,  with  Branch's  (of  A.  P.  Hill's  Division)  on  its  right,  advanced 
promptly  to  the  support  of  Jackson's  Division;  and,  after  a  sanguinary 
struggle,  the  enemy  was  repulsed  with  loss." 


CEDAR   MOUNTAIN.  109 

of  the  men  are  asleep ;  some  are  making  coffee ; 
some  are  looking  at  the  battle-field.  The  ambulances 
are  .grouped  in  the  road  cutting  the  wood.  General 
Gordon  stands  watching,  his  glass  almost  steadily 
to  his  eye ;  for  General  Williams  has  told  him,  that, 
so  soon  as"  an  order  is  sent  for  the  Third  Brigade  to 
move,  he  will  wave  a  handkerchief.  The  rattle  of  the 
musketry  chafes  him ;  and  he  watches  for  the  signal. 
It  does  not  come,  but,  impatient, — "  Fall  in  !  "  Every 
man  is  on  his  feet.  Waiting  all  through  Crawford's 
attack.  At  last,  "Forward,  double-quick  !  "  Past  the 
house,  down  the  slope,  over  the  run,  up  into  Crawford's 
woods,  past  the  wounded,  and  to  re-enforce  Crawford. 
But  Crawford's  Brigade  is,  for  the  time,  annihilated ; 
and  Gordon's  takes  its  place,  gathering  up,  also,  the 
five  Wisconsin  companies  which  had  assisted  Crawford. 
Formed  at  the  edge  of  the  open  field  (Captain  Abbott 
with  A,  skirmishers,  behaving  gallantly),  they  are 
received  with  a  keen,  well-aimed  fire.  Colonel  Andrews 
spoke  a  few  words  to  his  skirmishers,  upon  their  duty, 
and  passed  along  the  line.  The  brigade  open  fire,  the 
Second  firing  by  file.  Soon  the  musketry  ceased  to  be 

"The  day  seemed  lost,"  says  Cooke.  "In  vain  did  the  Confederate 
officers  attempt  to  hold  the  men  steady.  ...  At  that  moment  of  disaster 
and  impending  ruin,  amid  the  clouds  of  smoke,  his  voice  was  heard  rising 
above  the  uproar  and  the  thunder  of  the  guns.  .  .  .  His  exertions  to  rally 
the  men  were  crowned  with  success.  .  .  .  The  old  Stonewall  Brigade  and 
Branch's  Brigade  advanced  at  a  double-quick." 

These  extracts  show  how  near,  against  a  vastly  superior  force,  the 
battle  of  Cedar  Mountain  was  to  being  a  victory.  The  single  division  lying 
back,  in  sound  of  the  guns,  impatient  for  orders,  had  it  been  on  hand,  would 
have  turned  the  scale.  But  Pope,  who  had  ordered  Banks  to  attack,  did 
not  send  the  promised  re-enforcernents. 


110      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

a  rattle  :  it  was  an  unbroken  roar,  the  artillery  all 
silent.  For  thirty  minutes  it  was  steady.  Colonel 
Andrews's  horse  is  shot  under  him.  Savage  is 

C5 

wounded,  and  Quincy,  and  two-thirds  of  the  officers. 
The  line  is  thinning  fast. 

But  the  enemy  advance  in  line.  They  are  received 
with  a  savage  fire,  and  never  get  nearer  than  fifty 
yards. 

There  is  a  heavy  force  on  our  right,  into  which  our 
brigade  is  firing.  They  are  in  blue.  "  I  think,"  said 
Colonel  Col  grove,  "we  are  firing  on  our  own  men." 
General  Gordon  rode  forward,  and  was  met  by  a  savage 
fire.  Then  that  force  advanced,  through  the  bushes. 
A  heavy  fire  comes  down  on  the  right  flank.  The 
bullets  come  like  hail.  The  line  shrivels  up.  It  is  a 
question  of  annihilation  or  retreat.  The  force  moving 
on  three  regiments  was  made  up  of  Winder's,  Branch's, 
Fender's,  and  Archer's  Brigades.  The  General  ordered 
the  line  to  fall  back  ;  and,  while  the  centre  and  left 
were  pressed  by  Ewell,  it  fell  back  to  its  old  position 
by  Brown's  house,  just  as  the  darkness  was  deepening. 
The  enemy  has  the  wood,  but  does  not  pursue.  General 
Banks  establishes  a  line  about  a  mile  to  the  rear  of  his 
former ;  and  the  troops  who  would  have  saved  the  day, 
if  they  had  been  ordered  up  to  the  support  of  General 
Banks,  come  to  the  support ;  and  General  Pope,  too. 

The  losses  of  the  Second  had  been  terrible  :  Captains 
Abbott,  Cary,  Williams,  and  Goodwin,  and  Lieutenant 
Perkins,  —  dead  ;  Major  Savage,  —  mortally  wounded, 
and  a  prisoner  ;  Captain  Quincy  and  Lieutenant  Miller, 


CEDAR    MOUNTAIN.  Ill 

—  wounded  and  prisoners ;    Surgeon  Leland  (early  in 
the  action),  Lieutenants   Oakey,  Browning,    Grafton, 
Robeson, — wounded;    Captain  Russell,  —  a  prisoner. 
Enlisted  men  :   Corporal  Bassett,  Bright,  Dyer,  Flem- 
ming,  Hazelton,  Livingston,  and  Sergeant  Whitten,  of 
A  ;  Gilson  and  Corporal  Oakes,  of  B  ;  Brown  (F.  H.) , 
Cochrane,    Frames,    Corporal    Grey,    Hines,    Jewell, 
Stonehall,  and  Williston,  of  C  ;  Bickford,  Corporal  Fay, 
and   Corporal  Wilcox,    of  D  ;    Ide   and   Sparrow,    of 
E  :   Sergeant  Andrews,  Hatch,  Howard,  and  Hoxsey, 
of  G  ;  Corporal  Cahill,  Corporal  De  Weale,  and  Duffy, 
of  H;    Sergeant  Willis,   of  I;    and    Conlan,    Daly, 
Livingstone,  Montague,  Roberts,   and  Watson,  of  K, 

—  killed;   Corporal  Buxton,  Gilman,  and  Spalding,  of 
A;    Stephens  (J.),  of  B;    Donovan,  of  C;    Daniels, 
of    E;    Moore,    of   F;    Dillingham,    Greene    (M.), 
Smith,  and  First-Sergeant  Williston,  of  G;    Sylvester, 
of  I;  and  Hauboldt,  of  K, — were  mortally  wounded. 
Ninety-nine  others  were  wounded ;  and  fourteen  men, 
besides  four  of  the  wounded,  were  prisoners.     Of  the 
twenty-three  officers  who  went  upon  the  field,   seven 
only  came  back  unhurt ;  and  thirty-five  per  cent  of  the 
regiment,  as  engaged,  were  killed  or  wounded.     The 
company  of  Zouaves,  which,  the  colonel  officially  said, 
had  "  honorably  and  creditably  discharged  their  duty  on 
the  field,"  lost   one   commissioned    officer,   Lieutenant 
Heirvack,  —  missing;    four   non-commissioned    officers 
and  privates,  —  killed,  and  seven,  —  missing. 

When,  in  the   momentary  absence   of  Colonel  An 
drews  to  see  the  wounded,  the  next  in  rank  was  sought 


112      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

for,  it  was  the  junior  captain,  whose  commission  had 
arrived  a  few  days  before. 

Well  might  General  Pope  say  in  his  official  report, 
"The  Massachusetts  regiments  [there  was  but  one] 
behaved  with  especial  gallantry,  and  sustained  the 
heaviest  losses."  l 

Equally  well  did  General  Pope  speak  of  the  "  distin 
guished  gallantry  ...  of  General  Gordon."2 

Equally  well  did  he  say,  "  The  conduct  of  the  whole 
corps  was  beyond  all  praise." 

And  equally  well,  "I  cannot  speak  too  highly  of  the 
ceaseless  intrepidity  of  General  Banks  himself,  during 
the  whole  engagement.  .  .  .  He  exposed  himself  as 
freely  as  any  one  under  his  command ;  and  his  example 
went  far  to  secure  that  gallant  and  noble  conduct  which 
has  made  his  corps  famous."  3 

Some  time  after,  there  came  the  following  order  :  — 

HEADQUARTERS,  ARMY  OF  VIRGINIA, 
NEAR  CEDAR  MOUNTAIN,  VA.,  Aug.  16,  1862. 
GENERAL  ORDERS,  No.  21. 

The  following  'despatch  has  been  received  from  the  Gen 
eral-in-Chief  of  the  Army,  and,  with  this  order,  will  be 
published  at  the  head  of  every  regiment  and  detachment  in 
this  command :  — 

1  No  official  record  of  the  losses  of  the  corps  has  met  the  Avriter's  eye. 
Of  General  Gordon's  less  than  1500  men,  466  were  killed,  wounded,  or 
missing.     General  Lee's  Report  makes  the  Confederate  loss,  229  killed,  1,047 
wounded,  —  total,  1,276. 

2  "  Colonel  Andrews,  Colonel    Ruger,  Colonel    Colgrove  .  .  .  deserving 
praise  for  gallant  conduct."  —  General  Gordon.     "  My  Staff,  Captain  H.  B. 
Scott,  A  A.G.,  Captain  Charles  Wheaton,  and  Lieutenant  Robert  G.  Shaw, 
rendered  me  especial  service.    I  owe  them  many  thanks  for  their  labors 
and  coolness  under  this  terrific  fire."  —  General  Gordon. 

3  I  make  no  criticism  upon  the  conduct  of  this  battle,  because  I  am  not 
qualified.     Recording  events  only,  much  of  which  I  saw,  military  men  will 
know  what  was  wrong. 


CEDAR   MOUNTAIN.  113 

WAR  DEPARTMENT,  WASHINGTON,  Aug.  14,  1862. 
MAJOR-GENERAL  POPE,  —  Your  telegram  of  last  evening 
is  most  satisfactory  ;  and  I  congratulate  you  and  your  army, 
and  particularly  General  Banks  and  his  corps,  on  your  hard- 
earned  but  brilliant  success  against  vastly  superior  numbers. 
Your  troops  have  covered  themselves  with   glory ;    and 
Cedar  Mountain  will  be  known  in  history  as  one  of  the  great 
battle-fields  of  the  war.  H.  W.  HALLECK, 

General-in-  Chief. 

The  Major-General  commanding  the  Army  of  Virginia 
has  little  to  add  to  this  despatch.  It  is  a  feeble  expression 
of  his  feelings,  to  say  that  he  was  delighted  and  astonished 
at  the  gallant  and  intrepid  conduct  of  his  command,  and 
especially  of  the  Second  Corps.1  Success  and  glory  are  sure 
to  accompany  such  conduct ;  and  it  is  safe  to  predict,  that 
Cedar  Mountain  is  only  the  first  of  a  series  of  victories  which 
shall  make  the  Army  of  Virginia  famous  in  the  land,  and 
draw  very  close  to  the  hearts  of  their  countrymen  every 
officer  and  soldier  who  belongs  to  it. 

JOHN  POPE, 
Major- General  Commanding. 

The  praise  was  merited.  But  were  the  congratulations 
on  the  brilliant  success  and  victory,  a  burlesque  ?  Our 
men  felt  that  they  could  well  spare  such  victories  as 
being  driven  from  the  field  by  vastly  superior  numbers, 
leaving  their  wounded  in  the  hands  of  the  enemy,  bury 
ing  their  dead  afterwards  by  permission  of  the  enemy ; 
while  the  arms  captured  by  the  rebels,  lay  in  huge  piles. 
But  that  was  the  way  they  used  to  write  history. 

The  evening  after  the  battle,  the  Second,  in  its  brig 
ade,  was  placed  in  the  centre  of  the  new  army  line, 

1  General  Banks's. 
8 


114      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

and  close  up  to  the  enemy  ;  so  close,  that  one  of  its  sen 
tries  (Harrington,  of  Company  E)  captured,  by  a  little 
finesse,  a  party  that  rode  up  by  mistake.  Here  it  was 
that  General  Banks  was  injured,  and  General  Pope  near 
capture,  —  General  Pope  refusing  to  believe  General 
Gordon's  statement  that  the  enemy  were  but  a  few 
yards  off. 

Brown's   house   was   the   hospital   for  the  brigade ; 
while  a  mile  and  a  half  to  the  rear  was  another,  —  a 
brick  house  near  the  Culpeper  road.     Over  fifty  of  our 
wounded  were  got  off  the  field,  principally  by  the  untir 
ing  efforts    of  the    regimental   band,   which   persisted 
until  two  of  its   number,  Rawson   and    Smeath,  were 
made  prisoners.    Our  wounded  were  at  Brown's  ;  includ 
ing  Surgeon  Leland,  who,  though  wounded  in  the  head, 
could  hardly  be  persuaded  to  leave  their  care  to  others. 
Colonel    Andrews    could    not    bear    to     leave    his 
wounded  without  an  officer ;    and,  as  Surgeon  Leland 
was  wounded,  Assistant-Surgeon  Stone  in  Maryland  on 
duty,  and  Assistant-Surgeon  Heath  sick  with  typhoid 
fever,  it  was  the  privilege  of  the  chaplain  to  remain. 
Doctor    Chappel,    the    efficient    and    faithful    medical 
director ;  and  Surgeon  Bennett,  of  the  Fifth  Connecti 
cut,  —  than  whom  no  truer  man  ever  wore  the  green 
sash,  —  remained  also,  with  the  comforting   assurance 
that  the  enemy  would  immediately  occupy  this  impor 
tant  height.    But,  though  they  pushed  up  on  the  central 
plain  past  the  house,  and  lay  there,  two  hundred  and 
fifty  yards  off,  they  left  the  place  untouched.     Within 
the   house   and   without   were   hundreds   of  wounded. 


CEDAR   MOUNTAIN.  115 

All  night,  in  the  moonlight,  when  the  fleecy  clouds 
permitted  it,  and  by  candles  otherwise,  under  the  trees 
were  the  men  cared  for ;  while,  for  hours,  the  musket- 
barrels  of  the  enemy's  sentries  glittered  in  the  edge  of 
a  wood.  At  eleven  o'clock,  —  a  flash,  —  a  report, — 
and  a  whizzing  shell  flew  screaming  into  the  woods  just 
north  and  east ;  and  another,  — then  over  the  hospital, 
and  then  up  the  plain  ;  and  our  artillery  replied  as  furi 
ously,  their  thunder  continuous  and  unceasing,  lightning 
flashing  from  the  muzzles.  Half  an  hour,  and  it  had 
ceased.  Who  had  driven,  the  hospital  did  not  know  ; 
but  the  enemy's  muskets  were  still  glittering.  Early  in 
the  night,  a  brigade  filed  quietly  in  between  the  hospital 
and  the  enemy  ;  so  quietly,  that  their  very  presence,  not 
thirty  yards  off,  was  not  known  at  first.  But  hope 
leaped  in  the  breast ;  for  Massachusetts  men  were  there, 
—  the  Twelfth  and  the  Thirteenth.  Before  morning, 
the  enemy  drew  back. 

A  few  ambulances  were  there.  The  chaplain  had 
learned  of  a  circuitous  path  through  the  woods,  to  the 
rear  of  the  line,  — the  direct  road  being  in  the  enemy's 
possession.  Doctor  Chappel  authorized  an  attempt  to 
remove  the  wounded.  Patiently  the  work  went  on, 
sometimes  interrupted  by  rebel  shell.  At  three  o'clock 
in  the  morning,  General  McDowell  sent  word  that  that 
spot  was  untenable.  Patience  still ;  and  at  six,  the  last 
man  was  gone. 

When  the  gray  of  morning  came,  —  the  wounded 
not  all  sent  off,  —  looking  southward,  near  a  mile  off, 
were  the  rebels  drawn  up  in  a  long  line  of  battle,  but 


116      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

motionless.  Even  the  gunners  could  be  seen  at  their 
guns.  On  the  north,  our  brigades  were  moving  into 
position.  It  gave  promise  of  a  fierce  day.  But  all 
that  Sunday  they  lay  grimly  watching  each  other,  while 
not  a  shot  broke  the  stillness.  Brown's  house  was  left ; 
and  in  it  a  beautiful  boy  of  eighteen  months,  who,  on 
the  day  before,  had  slept  through  the  heavy  artillery- 
thunder,  while  his  mother  always  stood  between  her 
child  and  the  guns  as  though  her  body  could  shelter 
him. 

At  night  came  a  rumor  to  the  regiment  that  the 
wounded  men  were  still  on  the  field,  and  that  the  rebel 
pickets  had  fallen  back  to  the  wood  which  Crawford  had 
tried  to  pierce.  A  party  was  detailed  by  the  colonel, 
with  consent  of  our  general,  to  attempt  their  help. 
Lieutenant  Abbott  commanded  it,  and  Wisconsin  men 
were  added,  and  the  chaplain  of  the  Second  obtained 
permission  to  accompany  it.  Three  miles  on,  and  half 
a  mile  from  the  ground,  General  Sigel  refused  "to  allow 
the  risk  of  losing  the  party.  It  was  midnight,  and 
nothing  remained  but  to  sleep  at  the  picket  line.  At 
early  gray,  Lieutenant  Abbott  tried  again  for  permis 
sion.  While  he  was  seeking  it,  the  chaplain  of  the 
Second  ventured  to  elude  the  pickets,  and  go  on.  (It 
was,  it  is  fair  to  say,  his  only  breach  of  military  disci 
pline  in  three  years.)  Crossing  the  run,  finding  a 
wounded  soldier  who  had  crawled  down  there,  and 
getting  confirmation  of  the  facts ;  passing  up  and 
through  the  wood,  it  was  his  privilege  to  be  the  first  to 
comfort  the  wounded  with  the  assurance  of  help.  Men 


^TTo  08  OC  MAKE) 


CEDAR   MOUNTAIN.  117 

wept  with  joy.  "  We  thought  you  were  never  coming  !  " 
A  rebel  sentry  was  opposite ;  and,  at  the  waving  of  a 
handkerchief,  waved  a  cap,  and  nodded. 

There  were  the  dead,  —  one,  whose  clear,  ringing 
"fall  in,"  the  Saturday  before,  still  sounded  on  the  ear; 
one,  who  in  reply  to  the  question  (as  he  left  an  ambu 
lance)  "  Are  you  strong  enough  to  go  ?  "  had  answered 
with  a  smile,  "I  cannot  stay  when  my  men  go,"  and 
had  been  almost  carried  by  two  of  his  men ;  one,  lying 
there  with  a  miniature,  who  had  said  a  little  before,  "  If 

any  thing  should  happen  to  me,  it  would  kill "  ;  and 

near  him,  still  alive  to  watch  his  commander,  Sergeant 
Williston,  whose  entreaties  had  saved  the  picture,  — 
alas  !  himself  to  die  soon ;  one,  with  the  crisp  hair,  of 
which  a  single  lock  should  go  home,  as  the  last  of  the 
frank,  brave,  true  man  ;  and  many  an  one  whose  homes 
mourned  —  that  sad  day  for  Massachusetts. 

Truce  was  established ;  and  rebel  and  loyal  rode 
around  the  neutral  ground.  Ambulances  came,  and  car 
ried  away  the  wounded.  Parties  came  to  bury  the  dead. 
There  was  Crane,  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Third  Wis 
consin,  —  the  Second  mourned  him  too,  — and  O'Brien 
of  the  same,  who  lay  there  and  died  there.  Rebel  sol 
diers  had  sheltered  some  with  blankets  or  boughs ;  had 

O          ' 

brought  water,  and  sometimes  biscuits  and  apples. 
But  the  dead  had  been  stripped  of  every  thing  valuable, 
even  to  outer  clothing. 

It  took  till  past  mid-day  to  bury  the  dead.  Not  all 
were  laid  there.  Abbott  and  Gary  and  Goodwin 
and  Williams  sleep  with  their  kindred ;  and  Perkins, 


118      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

at  Alexandria.  Savage,  twice  wounded,  died  at 
Charlottesville.  But  when  the  trenches  were  dug, 
and  the  Massachusetts  dead  were  laid  in  them,  green 
boughs  were  placed  over  them  lest  the  earth  should 
press  too  rudely ;  and  not  without  Christian  burial  were 
they  left  to  sleep,  "earth  to  earth,  ashes  to  ashes,  dust 
to  dust."  Around  the  two  trenches  were  trees  marked 
with  three  deep  cuts  each,  that,  while  the  trees  stand, 
the  place  should  be  known.  And  there  was  carried 
away  a  leaf —  kept  as  a  sacred  relic  —  which  had  drop 
ped  from  the  hand  of  a  dying  man,  on  which  the  first 
glance  had  fallen  on  these  words  :  — 

"  Seeing  then  that  all  these  things  shall  be  dissolved,  what 
manner  of  persons  ought  ye  to  be  in  all  holy  conversation  and 
godliness.  Looking  for  and  hasting  unto  the  coming  of  the 
day  of  God,  wherein  the  heavens  being  on  fire  shall  be  dis 
solved,  and  the  elements  shall  melt  with  fervent  heat.  Never 
theless,  we,  according  to  his  promise,  look  for  new  heavens 
and  a  new  earth,  wherein  dwelleth  righteousness." 


119 


X. 


POPE  S    RETREAT. 

ON  the  night  after  the  battle  of  Cedar  Mountain,  the 
Second  was  in  the  centre  of  the  new  line,  within  a  few 
hundred  paces  of  the  exultant  but  cautious  enemy. 
In  the  course  of  the  following  forenoon,  the  corps  was 
drawn  back  into  the  second  line,  on  the  plain  ;  still  in 
sight  of  the  mountain,  and  between  the  road  and  the 
brick-house  hospital.  The  wounded  were  still  moving 
from  that  house  to  Culpeper,  where  a  hotel,  churches, 
and  shops  were  used  as  hospitals.  At  noon,  the  corps 
"  was-  so  cut  up  and  worn  down  with  fatigue,"  that 
General  Pope  "  did  not  consider  it  capable  of  rendering 
any  efficient  service  for  several  days ; "  and  sent  ijfc 
about  a  mile  and  a  half  to  the  left,  and  nearer  Culpeper  ; 
where,  in  a  wood,  it  lay  a  few  days. 

The  main  body  of  the  enemy  fell  back,  on  the  10th, 
towards  the  Kapidan.  But  this  was  not  known ;  and 
they  left  a  sufficient  show  of  force  to  hold  the  battle 
ground,  take  off  their  wounded,  bury  their  dead,  and 
pile  up  the  muskets,  where  they  lay  on  Monday  when 
the  truce  was  in  force. 


120       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

A  few  days  afterwards,  General  Pope  pushed  for 
ward  ;  but  General  Banks's  Corps  was  on  the  12th 
sent  back  to  Culpeper.  There  the  Second  remained 
six  clays,  with  six  line  officers  only  (Lieutenant  Brown 
immediately  asked  to  be  relieved  from  duty  at  General 
Banks's  headquarters,  and  returned),  with  but  one 
field  officer,  and  with  a  staff  of  adjutant,  quartermas 
ter,  and  chaplain.  At  Culpeper,  Charles  J.  Mills 
(appointed  second-lieutenant)  joined  for  duty,  and  was 
assigned  to  Company  D ;  wounded  severely  at  Antie- 
tam ;  and  subsequently  killed  in  action.  Dr.  Robert 
Ware  came  out,  also,  to  render  temporary  service,  —  a 
noble  man,  who,  when  surgeon  of  the  Forty-fourth 
Massachusetts,  died  at  Washington,  N.C.,  "a  victim 
to  his  fidelity  to  duty."  Friends  from  Massachusetts 
also  came  to  the  saddened  camp. 

During  this  interval,  General  Pope  was  operating 
with  his  cavalry  down  towards  the  Rapidan,  again 
occupying  the  line  from  Raccoon  Ford  to  the  Blue 
Ridge.  But  he  soon  learned  by  the  re-enforcements 
coming  to  Jackson,  that  the  enemy,  relieved  from  the 
care  of  Richmond  by  the  withdrawal  of  McClellan,  was 
sending  its  entire  force  against  General  Pope.  Then 
began  the  effort  to  delay  the  enemy,  until  the  army  from 
the  Peninsula,  coming  up  the  Potomac,  could  unite 
with  the  Army  of  Virginia.  On  the  14th  of  August, 
came  General  Reno,  with  eight  thousand  men  of  the 
forces  which  had  arrived  at  Falmouth  under  Burnside  : 
and  Pope  pushed  forward  his  whole  force  (except  Gen 
eral  Banks's  Corps)  towards  the  Rapidan.  But  it  soon 


POPE'S    RETREAT.  121 

became  evident  that  this  advanced  line  could  not  be 
maintained ;  and,  on  the  18th,  the  whole  army  were 
put  in  motion  back  to  the  Rappahannock,  which  was  to 
be  held  as  long  as  possible,  to  embarrass  and  delay  the 
enemy.1  The  trains  moved  first,  and  the  whole  force 
retired  rapidly  and  handsomely.  General  Banks's 
Corps,  on  the  evening  of  the  18th,  moved  a  mile  north 
of  Culpeper,  to  have  a  fair  start  in  the  morning ; 
while,  at  Culpeper,  railway  trains  were  loading,  wagons 
moving  off,  and  sutlers  in  despair.  On  the  19th,  by 
Brandy  Station,  and  across  the  Rappahannock,  to  be 
stationed  (the  Second)  a  few  rods  south  of  the  bridge. 
The  12th  and  13th  Massachusetts,  in  General  McDow 
ell's  Corps,  were  near  neighbors.  It  was  a  pleasant 
sight,  that  evening,  when  ninety  good-looking  recruits 
filed  in,  under  Sergeant  Stone,2  and  their  roll  was 
called  by  the  light  of  a  candle.  They  were  wanted. 
The  next  morning,  the  enemy's  cavalry  drove  in  the 
pickets  on  the  other  side,  and  everybody  watched  a 
pretty  cavalry  skirmish  on  the  opposite  plain.  Nothing 
came  of  it.  But,  the  next  day,  there  commenced 
movings  up  and  down.  All  the  trains  had  been  sent  to 
the  rear,  and  were  safe.  In  the  evening,  the  Second 
moved  down  the  river  a  mile,  and  bivouacked  in  a 
shower.  Waked  by  cannonade  in  the  morning,  and 
moved  up  the  river  (suffering  for  water  in  that  miserable 


1  General  Reno,  to  move  by  way  of  Stevensburg  to  either  Kelley's  or 
Barnet's  Ford;    General  Banks  and  General  McDowell,  to  Rappahannock 
railway  crossing;   General  Sigel,  through  Jefferson,  to  Sulphur  Springs. 

2  Now  professor  in  Kenyon  College. 


122       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTEY. 

country)  six  miles  to  Beverly  Ford,  to  relieve  a  regi 
ment  of  General  SigeFs ;  witnessed  a  lively  fight  about 
sunset,  in  a  brilliant  thunder-storm ;  and  bivouacked  in 
the  wet. 

General  Gordon  had  been  ordered  to  hold  that  ford. 
He^  posted  Cothran's  battery  and  the  brigade,  and 
waited  sleeplessly.  In  the  gray  of  the  wet  morning, 
he  heard,  with  Colonel  Kuger,  a  familiar  sound  :  it  was 
the  noise  of  battery  wheels.  Soon  the  shot  waked 
the  men,  and  knocked  over  the  regiment's  rail  fence. 
Colonel  Andrews  moved  it  a  little  to  the  right ;  and 
General  Gordon  ordered  the  battery  to  open  fire.  The 
fog  lifted  a  little,  and  Cothran  knocked  the  enemy's 
guns  to  pieces;  a  second  one  shared  the  same  fate, 
wheels  breaking,  guns  falling.  The  enemy  brought  on 
a  line  of  infantry,  to  get  off  their  guns.  Cothran's 
canister  broke  them,  too ;  having,  himself,  no  man 
seriously  hurt. 

The  men  of  the  regiment  made  and  drank  coffee,  in 
the  rain ;  moved  up  the  river  ten  miles  to  the  sound  of 
artillery,  and  bivouacked  in  a  wet  hollow  a  little  before 
midnight,  with  "fires  low."  Next  day,  up  by  Sulphur 
Springs,  round  shot  and  shell  cut  the  limbs  overhead. 
The  last  two  days,  a  diet  of  green  corn,  —  hard  bread, 
fifty  cents  a  piece,  and  rapidly  rising,  —  and  a  little 
meat  scraped  by  a  few  men  from  bones  left  by  another 
corps.  Sheep  were  discovered ;  and,  after  a  lively 
skirmish,  they  surrendered.  The  next  day,  up  to  near 
Waterloo  Bridge,  by  orders  to  help  Sigel,  who  was  fight 
ing  ;  got  there,  and  saw  some  .fighting ;  but  Sigel  "didn't 


POPE'S    RETREAT.  123 

want"  the  corps,  relying  on  his  "jackass  batterees," 
which  were  unfortunately  lost.  Back  a  mile  or  two,  and 
stayed  until  next  day ;  then  easterly,  to  near  Warren- 
ton  ;  cannonade,  and  the  sight,  in  the  evening,  of  the 
burning  hotel  at  Sulphur  Springs.  Next  day,  to  near 
Bealeton  Station,  by  way  of  Fayetteville ;  the  next, 
to  near  Catlett's ;  the  next,  the  28th,  to  Kettle  Eun ; 
and  the  next  day  was  the  first  day  of  the  second  battle 
of  Manassas. 

What  all  this  moving  was  about,  of  course  men  in 
a  regiment  could  not  know.  Nor  did  people  at  home 
know  much ;  for  Pope  had,  at  Rappahannock,  prohib 
ited  mails  and  despatches.  The  troops  knew,  however, 
that  the  enemy,  while  keeping  us  awake  at  every  ford, 
was  moving  his  forces  steadily  up  the  river.  Their 
columns  could  sometimes  be  seen.  General  Pope  at 
first  held  the  river.  Then  he  determined,  on  the  22d, 
to  mass  his  force  at  and  near  Rappahannock  Station, 
cross  the  river,  and  "  fall  on  the  flank  and  rear  of  the 
long  column  of  the  enemy  "  moving  up  the  river ;  but 
that  night  the  rain  swept  off  the  bridges,  and  made 
the  fords  impassable.  Then,  on  the  23d,  Sigel,  sup 
ported  by  Banks  and  Reno,  moved  to  attack  a  force 
rumored  to  have  crossed  near  Sulphur  Springs ;  the 
small  force  encountered  at  Great  Run,  two  miles  below 
Sulphur  Springs,  was  driven  across ;  and  General  Mc 
Dowell  was  at  Warrenton.  On  the  night  of  the  22d, 
a  force  of  the  enemy's  cavalry  had  crossed  at  Water 
loo,  passed  through  Warrenton,  and  destroyed  some  of 
the  wagons  of  General  .Pope's  own  headquarter  train ; 


124 


SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTHY. 


Sigel  and  Banks  keeping  on  to  Waterloo.  The  enemy 
were  still  moving  northward  :  Jackson  passed  through 
Thoroughfare  Gap,  and  was  in  the  rear.  Then  Pope 
determined  to  crush  Jackson,  and  moved  towards 
Manassas  :  here  a  brisk  engagement  on  the  evening 
of  the  28th,  between  King's  Division,  McDowell's 
Corps,  and  Jackson's  advance, — in  which  each  held 
his  ground.  An  attempt  to  hold  Thoroughfare  Gap, 
to  keep  Jackson  isolated ;  but  it  was  a  failure.  And, 
on  the  29th,  the  attack  on  Jackson,  which  ought  to  have 
succeeded ;  but  did  not,  —  why,  is  matter  of  history. 
Then  the  battle  of  the  30th,  when  the  enemy  had 
re-enforced  Jackson ;  and  its  result. 

During  these  battles,  the  Second,  as  did  General 
Banks's  Corps,  lay  idle,  in  hearing  of  the  fire.  Al 
though  forming  the  extreme  left,  it  was  not  brought 
into  action.  Why,  nobody  could  tell.  But  General 
Banks's  Corps  was  in  the  position  necessary  to  guard 
that  flank.  He  was  then  ordered  to  protect  the 
trains  from  Warrenton  Junction  to  Manassas,  also. 
T  The  very  important  duty  devolved  upon  Major- 
General  Banks,  the  Major-General  commanding  the 
Army  of  Virginia  feels  assured  that  he  will  dis 
charge  with  intelligence,  courage,  and  fidelity."  Of 
course  he  would.  He  was  to  protect  wagon-trains, 
railway-trains,  see  to  rebuilding  bridges,  get  the  sick 
safely  away  from  Warrenton,  etc.  ;  and  burn  trains  and 
locomotives,  if  necessary.  So,  after  hearing  the  sound 
of  the  fighting  on  the  29th,  the  Second  that  evening 
moved  a  mile,  and  bivouacked  under  the  lee  of  a  grave- 


POPE'S    RETREAT.  125 

yard.  It  was  thought  that  the  army  was  threatened  in 
that  direction.  On  the  30th,  moved  four  miles  on, 
toward  the  high  ground  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Broad 
Run,  and  bivouacked  in  a  rain-storm.  Then,  on  the 
31st,  after  orders  to  destroy  baggage,  and  even  ambu 
lances, — which  were  saved  on  condition  they  should  not 
delay  the  march  a  moment, — recrossed  the  run,  saw 
a  long  line  of  cars  in  flames,  from  which  the  men 
saved  a  few  things,  where  quantities  of  saddles, 
stationery,  clothing,  and  muskets,  went  to  the  flames, 
orders  allowing  nothing  to  be  taken,  not  even  the  mus 
kets  of  which  our  musketless  recruits  needed  one 
apiece ;  passed  through  Brentsville,  forded  the  rapidly 
rising  Occoquan ;  and  at  noon  had  safely  reached  Bull 
Run,  after  a  detour  of  twenty  miles  to  accomplish 
four  direct,  —  without  a  halt,  for  the  Second  led.  At 
the  end  of  the  twenty  miles,  saw  men  leisurely  coming 
over  the  four  miles,  from  which  no  enemy  had  been 
visible. 

But  the  army,  .shattered  and  pursued  by  a  victorious 
enemy,  was  not  to  remain  at  Centreville.  The  Second, 
with  its  corps,  moved  on  the  next  day  to  near  Fairfax 
Court-house,  by  the  old  Braddock  Road.  In  the  even 
ing,  it  was  again  under  fire.  The  enemy  were  en 
deavoring  to  turn  Hooker's  right,  near  Chantilly. 
The  battle  was  fought  in  a  severe  thunder-storm.  The 
division,  in  which  was  the  Second,  were  in  line,  to  the 
rear  of  Reno ;  and  the  enemy's  fire  passed  overhead. 
The  enemy  was  repulsed;  but  Kearney  and  Stevens 
fell. 


126       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

The  brigade  was  afterwards  ordered  back  to  Fairfax, 
to  assist  in  bringing  off  stores.  The  order,  not  dated, 
was  undoubtedly  intended  for  an  earlier  period.  The 
uselessness  of  the  attempt  was  apparent :  "  the  enemy 
are  there  in  force."  But  the  order  had  to  be  obeyed. 
Back  some  miles,  "Where  are  you  going?"  said  the 
commander  of  the  rear  guard  of  the  army.  "  To  Fair 
fax." — "Look  there!"  There  was  the  rebel  army; 
and,  to  reach  Fairfax,  the  brigade  would  have  to  cut  its 
way  for  miles,  as  everybody  knew  before  it  started. 

So,  on  the  2d,  to  near  Alexandria  ;  and  on  the  3d,  to 
the  shadow  of  Fort  Albany.  '  The  daily  movements  from 
Culpeper  to  the  defences  of  Washington  had  become 
history.  General  Banks's  conduct  had  been  "  marked 
by  great  coolness,  intrepidity,  and  zeal."  "To  confront 
with  a  small  army,"  says  General  Pope,  "vastly  supe- 
.rior  forces ;  to  fight  battles  without  hope  of  victory, 
but  only  to  gain  time,  and  to  embarrass,  and  delay  the 
forward  movement  of  the  enemy,  is  of  all  duties 
the  most  hazardous  and  the  most  difficult  which  can  be 
imposed  upon  any  general  and  any  army.  ...  It  was 
only  by  constant  movement,  by  incessant  watchfulness, 
and  hazardous  skirmishes  and  battles,  that  the  forces 
under  my  command  were  not  overwhelmed;  while,  at 
the  same  time,  the  enemy  was  embarrassed,  and  delayed 
in  his  advance  upon  Washington,  until  the  forces  from 
the  peninsula  were  at  length  assembled  for  the  defence 
of  the  city." 

This  tells  the  whole  story,  as  to  the  object  of  the 
campaign.  The  Army  of  Virginia  had,  in  securing 


POPE'S    RETREAT.  127 

this  object,  met  with  a  series  of  disasters.  Who  is 
responsible  for  them  belongs  to  general  history.  There 
was  no  fault  in  the  men  of  that  army.  Heroism  has 
never  been  displayed  more  brilliant  than  that  of  the 
officers  and  men.  Greater  endurance,  more  patriotic 
sacrifice,  or  a  loftier  patriotism,  is  not  to  be  found.  But 
the  commanding  general  —  it  is  useless  to  ignore  the 
fact  —  never  had  the  confidence  of  his  men. 

When,  therefore,  on  the  2d  of  September,  "Major 
General  McClellan  will  have  command  of  the  fortifica 
tions  of  Washington,  and  of  all  the  troops  for  the 
defence  of  the  Capital," —  a  thrill  of  joy  went  through 
the  army.  The  dispirited  troops  became  enthusiastic, 
and  their  columns  were  again  invincible.  The  Army 
of  Virginia  had  ceased  to  exist. 


128  SECOND    MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 


XI. 


ANTIETAM. 

ON  the  2d  of  September,  General  McClellan  took 
command.  The  army  was  in  front  of  Washington,  on 
the  south  side  of  the  Potomac.  On  the  3d,  the  enemy 
had  disappeared.  The  General  was  satisfied  that  the 
rebels  intended  to  cross  the  upper  Potomac,  into  Mary 
land  :  and  he  ordered,  that  day,  the  Second  and  Twelfth 
Corps  (Banks's  Corps  under  a  new  numbering,  officially 
announced  on  September  12th)  to  Tenallytown,  above 
Washington ;  the  Ninth  Corps  to  Seventh  Street  road, 
Washington ;  and  sent  cavalry  to  the  fords  near  Pools- 
ville.  General  Banks,  who  had  not  recovered  from  his 
injury  received  at  Cedar  Mountain,  was  left  in  command 
at  Washington. 

So,  on  the  4th  of  September,  the  Second,  passing 
over  the  bridge  at  Georgetown,  left  Virginia  for  the 
third  time,  and  camped  a  mile  or  two  above  Tenally 
town.  The  next  day  moved  to  a  brook  a  mile  and  a 
half  above  Eockville.  There  the  corps,  Brigadier-Gene 
ral  Williams  in  command,  was  attached  to  General 
Sumner's  force.  Here  the  troops  were  in  line  of  battle, 
and  were  there  four  days.  Sumner,  commanding  the 


ANTIETAM.  129 

Second  and  Twelfth  Corps,  formed  the  centre ;  Burn- 
side,  with  the  First  and  Ninth,  on  our  right ;  and 
Couch,  the  left,  on  the  river. 

It  was  necessary  to  move  with  caution.  The  enemy 
was  known  to  be  in  force  in  Maryland,  but  whether 
it  was  for  a  movement  on  Baltimore  was  unknown. 
"It  may  be  the  enemy's  object,"  telegraphed  General 
Halleck,  "to  draw  off  the  mass  of  our  forces,  and  then 
attempt  to  attack  from  the  Virginia  side  of  the  Poto 
mac." —  "Positive  information  .  .  .  that  the  line  is  cut, 
corroborates  the  idea  that  the  enemy  is  recrossing  the 
Potomac,"  said  the  President.  "  Until  you  know  more 
certainly  the  enemy's  force  south  of  the  Potomac," 
telegraphed  General  Halleck  on  the  13th,  "you  are 
wrong  in  thus  uncovering  the  capital.  I  am  of  the 
opinion  that  the  enemy  will  send  a  small  column 
towards  Pennsylvania  to  draw  your  forces  in  that 
direction,  then  suddenly  move  on  Washington  with  the 
forces  south  of  the  Potomac,  and  those  he  may  cross 
over."  Against  this  pressure,  however,  McClellan, 
when  satisfied  that  the  enemy  was  in  front,  moved 
forward.  A  few  days  had  re-organized  the  army,  and 
partially  renewed  its  supplies  ;  and  confidence  had  been 
established.  On  the  9th,  the  whole  army  moved,  — 
Burnside,  on  the  right,  to  Brook ville ;  Sumner,  in  the 
centre,  to  Damascus  and  Clarksburg;  Franklin,  on 
the  left,  to  Barnesville  and  Poolsville.  The  troops 
moved  in  great  parallels,  the  Twelfth  Corps  being  in 
three  such  columns.  The  Second  was  at  Middle  brook, 
the  night  of  the  9th ;  near  Damascus,  the  next ;  still 

9 


130       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

nearer  on  the  llth  ;  half  a  mile  from  Ijamsville,  on  the 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  Kailway,  on  the  12th;  and  on 
the  13th,  after  fording  our  old  acquaintance,  the  Mono- 
cacy,  camped  half  a  mile  south  of  Fredericktovvn.  On 
that  day,  an  order  of  Lee's,  fully  disclosing  his  plans, 
fell  into  the  hands  of  General  McClellan.  Hooker's 
Corps  was  at  Frederick,  and  Sumner's  and  Sykes's 
Division.  It  had  been  thought  that  it  would  be  neces 
sary  to  force  the  line  of  the  Monocacy,  but  a  portion  of 
Burnside's  command  had  entered  Frederick,  after  a 
sharp  skirmish,  the  day  before ;  and  he  was  now  at 
Middletown,  having  carried  the  Catoctin  range  on  the 
other  side  of  Frederick.  The  enemy,  who  had  swarmed 
in  Frederick,  held  the  Blue  Kidge  beyond,  with  his 
army  near  Boonsborough,  except  the  force  which  was 
operating  against  Harper's  Ferry.  General  McClellan 
gave  orders  for  a  "  rapid  and  vigorous  forward  move 
ment." 

On  the  14th,  General  McClellan  ordered,  "In  the 
event  of  an  engagement  with  the  enemy,  no  man  will 
be  permitted  to  leave  the  ranks  to  take  wounded  to  the 
rear.  Wounded  men  will  be  borne  off  the  field  by 
hospital  attendants  and  ambulance  men  only."  This 
made  no  change  in  the  Second. 

On  Sunday,  the  14th,  on  the  road  at  8,  A.M.  It  was 
a  slow  movement,  getting  through  the  well-known 
streets  of  Frederick,  while  the  sabbath  bells  were  ring 
ing,  and  flags  were  gaily  flying.  Division  after  division 
went  through  the  town,  with  endless  batteries,  and 
long  trains.  Beyond  town,  there  were  long  halts  in 


ANTIETAM.  131 

tiresome  places.  Columns  abreast,  in  woods,  or 
through  fields.  Obstacles  from  trains.  Up  and  across 
the  Catoctin,  and  down  into  the  beautiful  Middletown 
valley,  — as  lovely  a  spot  as  war  ever  laid  hands  upon. 
On  by-roads  and  no  roads ;  halt  before  sunset  on  a 
pleasant  slope,  and  coffee  just  cooking,  when  orders 
started  all  on  again.  Middletown  was  on  our  left.  By 
every  point  of  the  compass  in  turn,  to  find  a  way. 
Through  cornfields,  in  the  dark,  where  one  could  not 
touch  the  top  of  the  stalks  by  standing  in  the  stirrups. 
Through  brooks,  and  by  and  by,  the  rapid  Catoctin ; 
then  over.  Men  were  taking  off  shoes  and  stockings  ; 
but  "  Forward  !  "  said  the  colonel,  and  on  the  regiment 
went.  An  hour  on  the  damp  bank,  while,  in  the  night 
mist,  hundreds  of  fires  were  blazing  dull.  Then,  near 
midnight,  on  again  ;  by  a  road  to  the  left  into  a  hollow  ; 
and,  tired  with  sixteen  hours  on  the  road,  dinnerless  and 
supperless,  cross  and  cold,  lay  down  to  rest  on  the 
slope  of  South  Mountain,  at  the  old  Sharpsburg  road ; 
in  position  to  support,  if  necessary,  the  centre  and 
left. 

All  day  we  had  heard  the  sound  of  artillery,  forward. 
Sometimes  it  was  the  dull,  heavy  booming  of  a  single 
gun ;  and  again,  the  swelling  roar  of  batteries.  Far 
off  to  the  southwest,  in  the  afternoon,  Franklin's  guns 
were  at  work  to  carry  Crampton's  Pass,  which  was 
accomplished  ;  and  which  would  have  relieved  Harper's 
Ferry,  but  for  its  disgraceful  surrender  early  the  next 
morning.  Directly  in  front  was  the  brilliant  fight  for 
the  possession  of  Turner's  Gap.  Through  that  Gap 


132       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

ran  the  National  Eoad :  there  was  Gibbon.  About  a 
mile  north  of  it  was  the  "  old  Hagerstown  Road  : "  there 
was  Hooker.  Half  a  mile  south  of  the  National  Road 
was  the  "  old  Sharpsburg  Road  :"  there  was  Reno.  On 
the  right  and  left  was  the  firing  we  heard,  joined  at  the 
proper  time  by  that  in  the  centre.  After  sunset, 
the  flashes  of  the  guns  along  the  crests,  with  puffs  of 
smoke,  were  visible.  It  was  ten  o'clock  at  night  before 
the  flashes  ceased.  They  had  been  long  silent  when 
the  Second  bivouacked.  The  pass  had  been  virtually 
gained.  But  it  was  known  that  at  3,  A.M.,  the  Twelfth 
Corps  were  to  be  under  arms  to  finish  the  work. 

But  they  were  not  wanted.  It  was  broad  sunlight 
when  the  men  awoke.  Orderlies  were  passing  up  and 
down.  Burnside — the  victorious,  that  day — came  by, 
and  received  the  spontaneous  cheers  of  the  troops. 
The  enemy  had  hurried  off  from  their  last  position,  in 
the  night.  A  hurried  visit  up  the  road  found  their 
dead,'  who,  behind  the  stone  wall,  lay  piled  on  each 
other  as  they  had  fallen  under  the  fire  of  the  infantry 
who  had  gallantly  worked  their  way  up  the  hill.  It 
was  a  victory ;  but  Reno  was  dead. 

That  morning  General  Mansfield  arrived,  and  took 
command  of  the  Twelfth  Corps.  It  was  not  without 
regret  that  the  Corps  thus  finally  parted  with  General 
Banks.  It  had  been  made  a  corps,  it  had  won  its 
historic  glory,  under  him.  Faithful,  sagacious,  and 
kind, —  they  wished  him  well.  The  white-haired, 
brave,  conscientious  veteran  who  succeeded,  had,  alas  ! 
but  three  days  of  further  service,  before  he  fell. 


ANTIETAM.  133 

The  brigade  had  some  changes.  The  new  troops  of 
the  raising  of  that  summer  had  been  distributed,  and 
to  the  brigade  were  assigned,  at  Rockville,  the  13th 
New  Jersey,  and  the  107th  New  York.  They  were  to 
have  a  rough  introduction,  but  they  endured  it  well ; 
and  were  to  stand  bravely  with  the  Second,  and  its 
comrades  of  Wisconsin  and  Indiana,  for  more  than  two 
years.  General  Gordon  still  commanded,  and  for 
temporary  service  as  aid  came  Charles  R.  Train,  a 
Massachusetts  Congressman.  He  plunged  at  once  into 
the  hardships  of  veterans,  and  bore  well  his  trial  of  fire 
at  Antietam. 

On  the  morning  after  South  Mountain,  moved  on. 
Passing  northward  through  the  fields,  came  upon  the 
National  Road,  and  went  through  the  Gap.  On  the 
road,  suddenly  McClellan  appeared.  As  the  column 
moved  to  the  side  of  the  road,  caps  flew  in  the  air,  and 
shouts  and  cheers  rolled  up  as  from  one  man.  They 
believed  in  McClellan.  Passing  through  Boonsborough, 
and  turning  to  the  left  out  of  town,  bivouacked  a  few 
miles  south.  On  Tuesday  morning,  orders  to  move. 
"You  are  going  immediately  into  battle,"  said  Mans 
field.  But  he  was  mistaken.  A  mile  and  a  half  off, 
halted  under  the  crest  of  a  hill.  It  was  a  beautiful 
sight  to  see  scores  of  thousands  of  men  closely  massed 
in  the  broad  fields.  The  sound  of  firing  comes  from 
somewhere.  "Don't  you  want  to  ride  forward?"  asks 
the  colonel  after  an  hour  or  two  of  waiting.  r?  Yes, 
sir."  Permission  is  had  :  over  one  crest  and  valley, 
and  up  on  a  second ;  there  are  batteries.  Now  and 


134  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS   INFANTKY. 

then  an  occasional  shot,  and  returned ;  just  for  amuse 
ment  probably.  Over  at  the  edge  of  that  wood,  are 
the  rebel  guns,  — but  no  infantry  visible.  "Whiz  !  "  a 
bullet :  it  comes  from  a  sharpshooter  behind  that  sol 
itary  tree  down  in  front ;  and  another,  from  another 
tree.  The  colonel  leisurely  lifts  his  field-glass,  and 
takes  a  survey.  At  last,  "Don't  you  want  to  look?' 
Not  at  all ;  rather  fall  back ;  but  afraid  to  say  so,  and 
the  Butternuts  are  inspected. 

Movements  were  going  on  that  day,  but  who  knew 
what  for?  Certainly  not  men  in  a  regiment.  Trains 
were  hurrying  along.  Ammunition  was  distributed. 
Troops  were  slowly  moved  hither  and  thither.  At 
night  the  Second  went  to  sleep.  But  about  ten  o'clock, 
P.M.,  came  low,  quiet  orders  to  make  ready  to  move 
instantly.  Not  ten  minutes  afterwards,  General  Mans 
field  came  along.  "  When  will  you  be  ready?  "  said  he. 
"Keady  now,  sir."  "You  are  !  Well,  I  like  that :  but 
you  are  the  only  brigade  ready."  "Fall  in."  The 
regiment  soon  reached  a  macadamized  road,  or  what 
seemed  like  it ;  went  through  a  village  guessed  to  be 
Keedysville,  and  across  the  Antietam ;  got  a  little  wet 
in  the  rain ;  turned  into  somebody's  field,  and  lay 
down  in  the  darkness,  on  the  border  of  the  bloody 
ground  which  was  the  next  day  to  be  immortalized  as 
ANTIETAM. 

It  was  just  gray  dawn,  and  misty,  when  the  rattling 
fire  of  skirmishers  broke  the  last  slumbers  of  thousands. 
Then  came  the  dull  sound  of  a  heavy  gun.  Then  a 
roar  of  artillery.  Hooker  was  at  work,  just  in  front. 


ANTIETAM.  135 

How  he  kept  at  work,  drove  Jackson  from  his  first  line 
and  dealt  heavy  blows  at  his  second,  crossed  the  pike 
road  and  came  near  the  church,  belongs  to  general 
history. 

When  the  Second  was  roused  from  its  slumbers  by 
the  opening  fire,  it  found  itself  in  the  midst  of  the 
regiments  of  the  right  wing.  A  few  yards  off  was  a 
dwelling  house,  Hoffman's.  An  hour  passed,  possibly, 

—  who    could    estimate   time   then  ?  —  while  Hooker's 
battle  was   fiercely  raging.     Then   came   an   order   to 
move.     General  Gordon's  Brigade,  formed  in  columns 
of   battalions    closed   in    mass,   moved    over    the    low 
ground,  bearing  a  little  towards  the  right.     Partly  up 
the  slope,  it  was  halted  in  somebody's  cornfield,  —  not 
the  cornfield  of  the  battle,  —  and  the  men  soon  began  to 
build  fires  and  make  coffee.     The  coffee  was  not  ready 
when  orders  came  to  move  on.     Hooker  was  near  the 
church,  but  was  severely  met.     "Tell  Mansfield  to  send 
up  a  division."    Williams's  Division  was  put  in  motion, 

—  Crawford's  Brigade,  the  right ;    Gordon's,  the  left. 
Greene's  Division  also  advanced,  on  the  left  of  Wil 
liams's.      Up  the  slope,  over  high  ground  and  across 

lower  ground  to  a  thin  belt  of  woods.     Here,  hit  by 

w%^^9ft 
a  luiiidolfMwiIlet,  Mansfield  fell ;  and  Williams  led  the 

corps.  An  aide  came  with  directions  to  move  with  all 
possible  despatch.  The  sound  of  the  musketry  was 
steadily  approaching.  The  cheers  of  the  exultant 
enemy  were  heard.  General  Gordon  moved  three 
regiments, — the  Second,  the  3d  Wisconsin,  and  the 
27th  Indiana,  —  by  the  flank,  at  double-quick,  gradually 


136       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

gaining  deployment  distance.  The  13th  New  Jersey, 
Colonel  Carman,  was  in  reserve ;  and  the  107th  New 
York,  Colonel  Van  Valkenburg,  was  in  reserve  in  a 
piece  of  woods  at  the  left,  detached  from  the  line. 

The  three  regiments  were  put  in  line.  Their  position 
was  about  east  from  Miller's  house.  To  the  left  and  front 
was  a  piece  of  woods,  before  reaching  the  pike  road  ;  and 
a  cornfield,  —  the  cornfield.  Nearly  in  front  of  that  was 
the  Twenty-seventh  Indiana ;  on  their  right,  the  Third 
Wisconsin ;  then,  a  battery ;  and  then,  the  Second. 
To  the  right  and  front  of  the  battery,  was  the  orchard  : 
a  fence  surrounding  it  ran  directly  forward  from  a  point 
just  to  the  right  of  the  battery,  and  about  thirty  yards 
onward  turned,  almost  at  a  right  angle,  to  the  right 
again.  Following  the  line  of  that  fence,  and  in  the  edge 
of  the  orchard,  was  the  Second  ;  its  line  turning,  so  that 
its  left  was  at  right  angles  with  the  brigade  line,  its  right 
facing  the  pike. 

The  battery  opened  furiously.  The  musketry  was 
instantly  at  work,  and  the  savage  fire  of  the  brigade 
checked  the  foe.  The  tide  was  stayed.  But  the 
enemy  as  yet  held  their  ground.  The  Second  was 
hardly  injured,  but  the  brave  men  of  Wisconsin  and 
Indiana  were  suffering  severely.  Colonel  Ruger,  of  the 
Third  Wisconsin,  sent  for  relief  to  Colonel  Andrews. 
At  a  glance  that  officer  saw  the  remedy.  Moving  some 
cf  his  companies  from  the  right  to  the  left,  and  chang 
ing  front  slightly,  so  that  the  regimental  line  was 
nearly  at  right  angles  to  the  line  of  the  brigade, 
Colonel  Andrews  ordered  fire  upon  the  enemy  opposite 


ASTTIETAM.  137 

the  Third  Wisconsin.  Under  this  cross  fire,  the  enemy, 
terribly  shattered,  broke.1  With  cheers  the  whole  line 
followed,  dashing  after  the  fleeing  rebels  through  the 
cornfield,  and  over  the  wounded  and  dead  there,  — 
the  Second  capturing  the  flag  of  the  llth  Mississippi, 
which  was  seized  by  Sergeant  Wheat,  of  Co.  E, — 
into  the  open  ground ;  and  the  Dunker  church  was  in 
sight,  over  to  the  left.  Then  the  rebels  had  disap 
peared  in  the  woods  beyond  the  pike  road,  and  the  line 
halted. 

Soon  Sumner's  Corps  came  on.  The  men  of  the 
Second  lay  down,  while  Sumner's  men  passed  over 
them.  That  corps  dashed  on  with  cheers.2  General 
Sumner  ordered  General  Gordon  to  support  him.  The 
brigade  being  divided,  —  wnile  the  3d  Wisconsin  and 
27th  Indiana,  both  of  which  had  suffered  severely,  lay 
behind  a  slight  ridge,  and  the  107th  New  Yo*rk  was  some 
distance  yet  to  the  left,  —  the  Second  and  the  13th  New 
Jersey  (on  its  left)  moved  up  to  the  road,  crossed  the 
first  fence,  and  formed  behind  the  second  one.  Cap 
tain  Morse,  with  company  B,  crossed  the  second  fence. 
This  was  but  a  few  rods  above  the  church,  at  the  open 
ground.  Sumner's  corps  was  not  visible.  When 
soldiers  appeared  in  the  woods  opposite,  there  was 
doubt  who  they  were.  w  Show  your  colors  !  "  said 
Colonel  Andrews  to  the  color-bearer.  Color-Sergeant 


i  "  The  brunt  of  the  battle,"  says  Esten  Cooke  of  the  movement  of 
which  this  was  a  ,part,  "  was  evidently  here."  The  rebel  troops  engaged 
were  E  well's. 

"i- "  Jackson  would  have  been  forced  in  a  short  time  to  retire,  when  his 
own  re-enforcements  reached  the  field."  —  Esten  Cooke. 


138       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Lundy  waved  his  flag.  It  was  greeted  by  a  shower  of 
bullets.  Fire  was  then  opened  and  continued.  But,  as 
the  smoke  lifted,  the  small  force  found  itself  alone. 
On  the  left,  no  troops  were  visible :  on  the  right,  the 
left  of  the  next  corps  had  given  way.  The  enemy  were 
sheltered  in  woods  and  behind  rocks,  and  were  in  great 
force.  They  comprised  Semmes's,  Anderson's,  and  the 
Stonewall  Brigades,  and  portions  of  the  divisions  of 
Barksdale  and  McLaws.  The  flagstaff  was  broken, 
the  flag  riddled,  the  socket  shot  away  from  the  color- 
bearer's  belt.  The  brave  D wight  was  mortally  wounded. 
A  fourth  of  the  men  had  soon  fallen,  and  they  were 
rapidly  dropping.  Suffering  much  more  than  the 
enemy  could,  and  unsupported,  the  order  was  given, 
and  the  regiment  fell  back  to  the  woods  behind,  thus 
uncovering  the  batteries.  Cothran's  and  Woodruff's 
guns  opened  beautifully,  and  the  advancing  line  of  the 
enemy  hastily  took  shelter  again.  The  One  Hundred 
and  Seventh  New  York  was  supporting  Cothran's 
Battery.  "  This  fine  regiment,  but  just  organized  and 
brought  into  the  field,  in  this  battle  for  the  first  time 
under  fire,  moved  with  steadiness  to  its  perilous  position, 
and  maintained  its  ground  until  recalled,  though  exposed 
to  front  fire  from  the  enemy,  and  a  fire  over  its  head 
from  batteries  in  the  rear." l  The  Thirteenth  New  Jer 
sey,  also  a  new  regiment,  was  sent  to  General  Greene, 
—  who  was  gallantly  holding  a  position  to  the  left,  — 
and  received  from  him  high  commendation. 

1  General  Gordon's  Report. 


ANTIETAM.  139 

The  main  work  of  the  Second,  for  the  day,  was 
done.  It  was  moved  a  little  distance  down  the  slope 
by  and  by ;  and,  while  listening  to  Burnside's  battle  on 
the  extreme  left,  kindled  fires,  and  took  its  food. 
General  Crawford  having  been  wounded,  General 
Gordon  commanded  the  division ;  and  Colonel  Rugef, 
the -brigade.  Late  in  the  afternoon,  the  brigade  was  in 
line  of  battle  in  support  of  General  Newton's  Brigade 
of  General  Franklin's  Corps.  In  the  evening,  the 
brigade  was  moved  to  the  support  of  a  battery  some 
where,  and  there  it  passed  the  night.1 

During  this  day,  Surgeon  Leland  had  been  skilfully 
and  steadily  at  work  at  one  of  the  hospitals.  Assistant- 
Surgeon  Stone,  near  the  regiment,  had  nobly  won  his 
subsequent  promotion.  The  attendants  had  carried 
back  the  wounded  tenderly. 

The  line  had  been  sadly  shortened.  Not  so  great 
losses  in  numbers  as  at  fatal  Cedar  Mountain.  But 
Dwight  was  mortally  wounded, — the  brilliant,  brave, 
generous,  kind-hearted.  "  Mind,  I  don't  flinch  a  hair  !  " 


i  "  I  owe  especial  thanks,"  says  General  Gordon,  "to  the  Hon.  Charles 
R.  Train  [M.  C.],  who  volunteered  his  services  on  my  staff  at  a  time  when 
fatiguing  labor  and  most  arduous  service  had  deprived  me  of  all  my  aides 
save  one  officer.  This  gentleman  has  also  shown  his  willingness  to  lay 
down  his  life  in  his  country's  cause.  The  invasion  of  the  loyal  North  called 
him  from  his  congressional  duties  and  his  home,  at  a  moment's  notice.  No 
fatigues,  though  excessive,  no  danger,  though  most  perilous,  detained  him 
from  moving  forward  whenever  he  could  render  assistance."  "  To  Captain 
Charles  Wheaton,  jun.,  my  aide,  I  am  again  indebted."  Of  the  Second,  the 
3d  Wisconsin,  and  the  27th  Indiana,  he  said,  "  Veterans  of  Winchester  and 
Cedar  Mountain,  they  can  add  to  their  laurels  the  battle  of  Antietam 
Creek."  "The  107th  New  York  and  the  13th  New  Jersey.  .  .  .  fought  like 
veterans." 


140      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

said  he,  while  lying  on  a  stretcher ;  sending  the  sur 
geon  to  relieve  the  wounded  lying  around,  or  telling 
his  attendants  to  give  water  to  the  thirsty  men  ;  calling 
the  drum  corps  to  play  "The  Star-spangled  Banner" 
once  more,  next  day  ;  and  asking  to  have  the  Flag  waved 
again  before  his  dying  eyes, — dying  in  Christian  peace, 
and  to  sleep  with  his  kindred.  Dillon,  of  B  ;  Bennett, 
of  C ;  Balcom  and  Isaac  Childs,  of  D  ;  Richardson, 
"\Vynn,  and  Treen,  of  E;  First  Sergeant  Martin,  of 
F  ;  Brown  (Thomas) ,  Donnovan,  and  Remick,  of  H, — 
were  dead.  Dustin,  of  A ;  Cady,  of  B ;  Cheney  and 
Whyte,  of  D ;  and  Remick,  of  G,  —  were  mortally 
wounded.  Fifty  more  were  wounded.1 

Besides  D  wight,  three  officers  only  were  wounded,  — 
Captain  Francis,  First  Lieutenant  Crowninshield,  and 
First  Lieutenant  Mills ;  the  latter  very  severely, 
while  acting  adjutant.  Of  the  less  than  three  hundred 
in  action,  twenty-five  per  cent  were  killed  or  wounded. 


1  The  losses  of  the  brigade  were  as  follows:  — 

Killed.          Wounded.       Missing. 

2d  Massachusetts 15  50 

3d  Wisconsin 27  173 

27th  Indiana 18  192 

107th  New  York 7  51  5 

13th  New  Jersey .7  75  21 

The  losses  of  the  corps  were,  according  to  General  McClellan's  Report, 
as  follows :  — 

OFFICERS.  ENLISTED  MEN. 


Killed.     Wounded.    Killed.     Wounded.    Missing.  Aggregate 

1st  Division,  Williams's     .     9            35          151          827          54  1076 

2d  Division,  Green's     .     .     6            26          107          481          30  650 

Artillery -                             1            15            1  17 

Total 15            61          259         1323           85  1743 

General  McClellan  gives  the  force  of  the  corps  at  10,126. 


ANTIETAM.  141 

But  when  "  Carle  ton  "  2  came  along  the  next  morning, 
and  asked,  "  How  are  your  men,  colonel?" — "All  right. 
They  had  a  pretty  hard  time  yesterday,  but  they  feel 
well.  We  expect  to  advance  in  a  few  moments." 

On  the  morning  of  the  18th,  the  position  of  the 
whole  division  was  slightly  changed,  farther  to  the  right', 
supporting  General  Franklin.  The  morning  sun  looked 
down  brightly  on  the  dying  and  the  dead.  Would  it 
witness  a  renewal  of  the  fight?  The  struggle  of  the 
day  before  had  been  the  wrestling  of  two  mighty  ath 
letes,  in  which  neither  had  actually  overthrown  the 
other.  But  the  fruits  of  the  battle  were  undoubtedly 
with  McClellan.  He  had  taken  the  army  when  it  was 
disgusted  and  dispirited ;  organized  it ;  supplied  it ; 
and  by  the  magic  of  his  presence  made  it  invincible. 
He  had  attacked  the  enemy  in  his  own  position,  and, 
with  many  of  his  regiments  just  hurried  to  the  field, 
had  stopped  Lee's  triumphant  progress.  The  invasion 
of  the  North  was  finished,  and  Lee's  "Maryland  cam 
paign  was  a  failure."  2  Whether  McClellan  should  risk 
losing  all  he  had  gained,  in  the  hope  of  destroying  the 
rebel  army,  was  a  question  that  day.  It  probably 
always  will  be  a  question.  But  the  Second  Massachu- 


2  I  acknowledge  myself  greatly  indebted  to  Mr.  Coffin's  account  of  the 
battle  of  Antietam,  for  his  thorough  survey  of  the  ground  and  study  of 
the  contest  has  enabled  me  to  find  the  relative  position  of  the  Second 
towards  other  troops  and  movements.  Indeed,  so  far  as  his  letters  covered 
ground  familiar  to  me,  I  know  of  no  correspondent  or  army  historian 
superior,  if  equal,  to  this  writer,  in  comprehensiveness,  general  accuracy, 
faithfulness,  or  vividness. 

2  Pollard  (II.  p.  141),  who  occasionally  tells  the  truth. 


142  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

setts  had  nothing  to  do  but  obey  orders  ;  and  the  orders 
to  advance  never  came. 

But  during  that  day,  expected  re-enforcements 
arrived.  Some  of  the  more  than  six  thousand  men  of 
Hooker,  who  should  re-appear  a  few  days  afterwards, 
had  begun  to  return  to  the  six  thousand  who  had 
remained  in  the  line  of  duty ;  and  in  other  corps  a 
similar  result  was  beginning.  Batteries  which  were 
totally  out  of  ammunition  were  replenished.  And,  in 
the  evening,  orders  were  given  to  renew  the  attack  at 
daylight! 

But  when  the  morning  came,  the  enemy  had  recrossed 
the  river. 

The  army  moved  to  the  neighborhood  of  Harper's 
Ferry.  What  operations  immediately  followed  the 
battle,  belong  to  other  histories. 


THE    WINTER.  143 


XII. 

THE    WINTER. 

THE  Second,  two  days  after  the  battle,  went  to  Browns 
ville  ;  and  on  the  20th,  to  Maryland  Heights ;  on  the 
21st,  to  Pleasant  Valley  ;  and  on  the  22d,  back  to  Mary 
land  Heights,  where  it  camped  near  its  old  ground  of 
the  preceding  August,  in  Unsell's  field.  The  place  did 
not  look  natural.  The  land  had  been  stripped  of  its 
trees ;  and  the  old  paths  to  the  spring,  and  down  to 
the  river,  were  bald  and  shelterless.  Colonel  Andrews 
was  sent  over  the  river  into  Loudon  Valley,  to  command 
a  brigade. 

What  the  waiting  of  the  army  was  for,  who  can 
decide?  General  McClellan  said  it  was  for  supplies. 
People  at  Washington  said  he  had  them.  However  it 
was,  five  weeks  after  the  battle,  our  wagons  were  still 
going  down  to  Sandy  Hook  Station  for  the  clothing 
which  did  not  come. 

On  the  25th  of  September,  Colonel  Ruger,  of  the 
Third  Wisconsin,  was  in  command  of  the  brigade.  On 
the  6th  of  October,  officers  from  the  divisions  were 
detailed  to  the  new  Ambulance  Department ;  and  on  the 
16th,  its  regimental  ambulances  were  turned  in.  On 


144      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

the  15th,  Major -General  Henry  W.  Slocum  was 
assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Twelfth  Corps.  It  is 
needless  to  say  that  this  gallant  soldier  obtained  and 
kept  the  hearty  respect  and  confidence  of  the  Second.1 

The  army  passed  into  Virginia,  to  correspond  with 
Lee's  movements.  But  a  division  or  more  had  to 
remain  to  guard  the  upper  Potomac,  and  in  the  one 
chosen  was  the  Second.  So,  on  the  29th  of  October, 
it  marched  up  the  river  to  Antietam.  Iron  Works,  and 
on  the  30th,  to  Blackburn's  Ford  (that  by  which  Lee 
had  retreated),  near  Sharpsburg  ;  to  remain,  it  proved, 
five  or  six  weeks.  The  ford  was  diligently  watched, 
and  some  defences  thrown  up,  overlooking  it.  General 


1  Henry  Wadsworth  Slocum  was  born  in  Delphi,  Onondaga,  N.Y.,  Sept. 
24,  1827;  son  of  Matthew  B.  and  Mary  (Ostrander)  Slocum.  His  father 
was  a  native  of  Rhode  Island ;  his  mother,  of  Albany,  N. Y.  He  entered 
the  Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  in  June,  1848,  and  graduated  in  1852, 
seventh  in  the  standing  of  his  class.  He  was  commissioned,  July  1,  1852, 
brevet  second  lieutenant,  and  attached  to  the  First  Regiment  of  Artillery; 
became  second  lieutenant,  in  1853,  and  first  lieutenant,  in  March,  1855. 
On  the  31st  of  October,  1856,  he  resigned  his  commission,  settled  at  Syra 
cuse,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law.  On  the  breaking  out  of  the  war, 
he  applied  for  a  commission  as  captain  of  artillery  in  the  regular  service, 
but,  failing  to  receive  the  appointment,  accepted  the  colonelcy  of  the  Twenty- 
seventh  New-York  Volunteers;  was  in  the  battle  of  Bull  Run;  and  was 
appointed  brigadier-general  of  Volunteers,  Aug.  9,  1861.  Was  in  com 
mand  of  a  division  on  the  Peninsula,  and  was  promoted  to  be  a  major-general 
from  the  4th  of  July,  1862 ;  was  in  the  battles  of  South  Mountain  and 
Antietam,  after  which  he  was  placed  in  command  of  the  Twelfth  Corps. 
He  commanded  this  corps  at  Chancellorsville  and  Gettysburg,  and  in^Ten- 
nessee.  "When,  in  the  fall  of  1863,  the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Corps  were 
consolidated  as  the  Twentieth,  under  Hooker,  General  Slocum  was  ordered 
to  Vicksburg.  When  General  Hooker,  disliking  the  promotion  of  Howard, 
quitted  the  army  of  the  Cumberland,  General  Slocum  was  placed  in  com 
mand  of  the  Twentieth  Corps.  In  the  great  march  to  Savannah,  he  led  the 
left  wing.  He  left  the  army  after  the  close  of  the  war.  A  modest,  skilful, 
brave  general ;  and  a  courteous  gentleman. 


THE    WINTER.  145 

Morell  commanded  the  division ;  and  General  Gordon's 
brigade  had  a  long  stretch  of  river  to  guard. 

It  took  a  third  of  the  regiment  regularly  for  picket 
duty.  But  the  men  made  themselves  as  comfortable  as 
they  could,  and  "built  a  city."  The  usual  quiet  was 
broken  only  two  or  three  times.  Once  was  when  Gen 
eral  Slocum,  commanding  at  Harper's  Ferry,  sent 
information,  Nov.  14,  that  — 

"  All  the  reports  brought  to  these  headquarters  go  to  prove 
that  Jackson  returned  to  Winchester  last  Monday;  that  he 
has  a  large  force  with  him ;  that  a  portion  of  A.  P.  Hill's 
command  also  returned  to  a  point  between  Winchester  and 
Berry ville  on  Tuesday.  If  these  reports  are  true,  the  enemy 
probably  contemplate  another  raid  into  Maryland  at  some 
point  above  your  position,  or  an  attack  on  your  position. 

"  If  an  attack  is  made  here  in  strong  force,  I  shall  endeavor 
to  concentrate  my  command  on  Maryland  Heights  ....  I  am 
aware  that  you  [General  Gordon]  are  not  under  my  command, 
and,  of  course,  [I]  have  no  authority  to  give  any  directions  to 
you.  I  deem  it  important,  however,"  &c. 

Nothing  came  of  this.  But  a  little  expedition 
enlivened  the  quiet.  The  guerilla,  Burke,  had  com 
mitted  a  few  murders,  just  to  keep  his  hand  in.  His  last 
exploit  was  to  have  some  women,  purporting  to  be 
refugees,  come  to  the  river's  bank,  and  entice  over  a 
citizen,  apparently  to  bring  them  across.  The  citizen 
went  over,  and  Captain  Burke  killed  him.  On  a 
night  in  November,  Captain  Cogswell,  then  command 
ing  the  Second,  crossed  cautiously  with  sixty  men,  and 
by  a  circuitous  march  entered  Shepardstown  just  after 

midnight.     The  houses  where  Burke  was  accustomed  to 

10 


146       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

visit  were  found  by  the  help  of  a  guide,  and  were 
surrounded.  In  one  of  them  were  Burke  and  five  of  his 
gang.  The  villain  was  dressed  and  armed,  and  the 
horses  stood  saddled,  for  a  plundering  expedition.  As 
the  men  were  preparing  to  enter,  an  inmate  sprang  from 
a  door,  and  attempted  to  escape.  Captain  Cogswell 
twice  ordered  him  to  stop,  and  then  told  a  couple  men 
to  fire.  A  ball  entered  the  rebel's  heart.  It  proved  to 
be  Burke.  The  other  five  were  captured,  and  horses, 
arms,  and  important  papers,  brought  away.  The  next 
day,  Captain  Cogswell  went  over  again  with  the  same 
men  and  some  cavalry,  occupied  the  town,  arrested 
some  traitors  they  were  after,  paroled  officers  and 
men  in  hospital,  captured  some  arms,  and  came  back 
leisurely. 

On  the  27th  of  November  was  Thanksgiving  Day. 
There  was  public  worship,  of  course.  There  were 
quoits  and  ball,  and  some  "tried  the  speed"  of  horses. 
There  were  turkeys,  geese,  chickens,  and  plum-pud 
dings,  all  through  the  camp.  Absent  officers  returned 
home  to  dine.  Some  ladies,  part  of  whom  came  from 
Chambersburg,  thirty-five  miles  off,  brought  gifts  for 
the  hospital ;  home-made  bread,  butter,  jellies,  fruits, 
pillows,  and  the  like.  "They  have  their  reward."  But 
that  night  a  sick  man  died.  "I  wanted  to  go  home 
before  I  died,"  said  he,  "  but  I  hope  I  am  going  to  a 
better  home." 

While  at  this  place,  Colonel  Andrews  left  the  regi 
ment.  Appointed  brigadier-general,  Nov.  9,  1862,  he 
accompanied  General  Banks  to  New  Orleans.  The 


THE    WINTER.  147 

loss  to  the  regiment  was  severe ;  but  it  could  not  com 
plain.  He  had  been  wonderfully  efficient  in  the  origi 
nal  training  of  the  regiment ;  had  led  it  in  the  valley 
after  Jackson,  in  Banks's  retreat,  at  Cedar  Mountain, 
in  Pope's  retreat,  and  at  Antietam,  —  skilfully  and 
bravely.  To  the  last  day  of  its  service,  the  Second 
showed  the  impression  of  the  indomitable  will,  and  rigid 
sense  of  duty,  of  Colonel  Andrews.  Captain  Cogswell 
remained  in  command,  as  Samuel  M.  Quincy,  who 
was  commissioned  colonel  (he  was  a  captain  when  he 
parted  from  the  regiment  at  Cedar  Mountain),  was 
a  prisoner,  and,  for  quite  a  period,  disabled  by  the 
wounds  received  on  that  melancholy  day.  Here  Sur 
geon  Leland  resigned,  on  account  of  ill  health,  and 
Assistant  Surgeon  Stone  received  his  well-merited  pro 
motion. 

The  loss  of  officers  at  Cedar  Mountain  had  made 
necessary  the  appointment  of  several  lieutenants.  The 
continual  movements  of  the  regiment,  and  some  delay 
in  the  forwarding  of  commissions,  prevented  the  actual 
filling  of  most  of  the  vacancies  until  October.  The 
promotions  to  second  lieutenants,  to  date  the  day  fol 
lowing  Cedar  Mountain,  were  these :  John  F.  George, 
the  gallant  color-bearer  at  Cedar  Mountain  ;  Nathan 
D.  A.  Sawyer,  who  had  a  ball  through  the  body  at 
Winchester,  and  was  again  to  be  badly  wounded  in 
Georgia;  George  L.  Binney,  the  quartermaster  ser 
geant,  long  an  efficient  officer  on  General  Euger's  Staff; 
and  James  K.  Stone,  sergeant  in  C,  afterwards  dis 
abled  in  the  line  of  duty.  Second  Lieutenant  Gerald 


148      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Fitzgerald,  from  the  Twelfth  Massachusetts,  where  he 
was  sergeant-major,  —  an  accomplished  soldier  and 
brave  man, — had  joined  near  Alexandria  in  Pope's 
retreat :  he  was  to  be  buried  on  the  battlefield  of 
Chancellorsville.  Messrs.  Binney  and  Stone  were  not 
assigned  to  companies  until  November,  near  Sharps- 
burg.  The  others  had  been  assigned  in  October.  At 
Sharpsburg,  joined  George  A.  Thayer,  appointed  from 
civil  life ;  who  was  faithfully  identified  with  the  history 
of. the  regiment  from  that  time  till  its  return,  or  the 
end  of  the  war. 

The  deaths  of  Lieutenant-Colonels  Dwight  and  Sav 
age  made  vacancies.  In  October,  Commissary-Sergeant 
Erastus  B.  Carll,  an  experienced  soldier  who  had  served 
from  1850  to  1855  in  the  regular  army ;  and  Theodore 
K.  Parker,  first  sergeant  of  D,  by  and  by  to  be 
wounded,  —  were  promoted  second  lieutenants.  The 
resignation  of  Captain  Choate  (rendered  necessary  by 
disease  contracted  in  the  faithful  discharge  of  duty, 
disease  against  which  he  long  struggled,  and  which 
caused  his  death  in  1866)  made  a  vacancy,  for 
which  Henry  N.  Comey,  sergeant  in  G,  was  promoted 
second  lieutenant,  —  afterwards  to  be  wounded;  and, 
on  the  appointment  of  Colonel  Andrews  as  brigadier- 
general,  Denis  Mehan,  the  brave  first  sergeant  of  C, 
was  promoted  second  lieutenant,  —  by  and  by  to  be 
wounded. 

The  months  spent  near  Sharpsville  were  useful.  The 
discipline  of  the  Second  was  sustained  :  it  could  hardly 
be  improved.  The  whole  of  the  brigade  was  put  in  a 


THE    WINTER.  149 

state  of  great  efficiency,  for  which  General  Gordon 
labored  with  the  same  energy  and  skill  which  had 
marked  his  care  of  the  Second.  The  new  regiments, 
particularly,  were  instructed  and  drilled  in  a  manner  to 
fit  them  to  become  the  veterans  for  which  time  only  was 
the  additional  necessity. 

Suddenly  there  came  orders  to  move.  The  next 
day  (Dec.  12),  the  regiment  left  its  huts  and  cabins. 
They  were  good ;  but  the  owners,  being  about  to  leave 
town,  had  no  further  use  for  them.  There  was  a  march 
of  eight  days  on  hand.  Ordered  to  be  at  Antietam 
IronWorks,  at  9,  A.M.  ;  were  there  at  8.50.  At  9.15, 
a  message,  that  noon  would  be  early  enough,  because 
other  regiments  had  miles  to  come.  (General  Gordon 
was  not  in  command  :  his  health  had  failed.)  Waited 
in  the  cold  until  half-past  one,  studying  pig-iron,  and 
snowballing.  Bivouacked  at  night,  piling  cornstalks  on 
the  snow,  and  topping  off  with  pine-branches.  On  ice 
next  day.  Crossed  the  Potomac  at  Harper's  Ferry ; 
and  the  Shenandoah.  Went  round  the  north  face  of 
Loudon  Heights ;  up  the  hill  on  the  eastern  side,  and 
waited  five  or  six  hours.  "Your  men  are  taking  my 
fences,"  complained  an  excited  owner.  "  Yes." — "  Isn't 
it  hard  for  me  to  lose  my  fences  ?" — "Yes  ;  but  it  would 
be  a  good  deal  harder  for  my  men  to  be  cold,"  said  our 
sensible  commander.  Moved  on  by  jerks  ;  followed  a 
regiment — that  had  got  tired  of  waiting — through  mud, 
ice,  and  half-frozen  brooks  ;  and  bivouacked.  Thought 
the  country  was  in  a  very  bad  way,  —  until  after 
supper.  Dec.  14,  reveille  at  3,  A.M.  ;  waited  till  half- 


150      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

past  one,  P.M.  ;  then  orders  to  fall  in ;  in  five  minutes, 
orders  to  "fall"  out;  in  five  minutes  more,  orders  to 
fall  in.  Went  through  the  pretty  stone  village  of 
Hillsborough,  located  in  a  cleft  of  the  "  Short  Hills." 
Waited  two  hours  for  some  cavalry  to  trot  off  after  a 
wagon  captured  by  guerillas,  who  also  captured  two 
foragers  from  the  Second ;  and  bivouacked  near  Lees- 
bury,  on  the  western  slope  of  the  Catoctin.  Next  day, 
reveille  at  4,  A.M.,  and,  in  intense  astonishment,  actu 
ally  started  at  half-past  six.  Went  through  Leesburg ; 
and  a  little  beyond  Gum  Spring  discovered  straw, 
and  slept  luxuriously,  guerillas  being  driven  off  in 
the  rear.  Next  day,  ordered  to  start  at  5,  A.M.,  and 
actually  discovered  the  regiment  to  lead  did  start. 
Entered  Fairfax  in  the  afternoon,  and  learned  of  the 
repulse  at  Fredericksburg.  Went  to  Fairfax  Station, 
over  a  corduroy  road,  and  bivouacked  in  a  pine  wood, 
where  fallen  and  tangled  trees  put  to  flight  any  ap 
proach  to  a  regimental  line  ;  having  had  rations  issued. 
Flour  had  been  given  out  for  the  march  !  The  next 
day  (17th),  reveille  at  5,  A.M.  ;  rear  regiment  guarding 
supply  train ;  roads  the  worst  possible ;  forded  the 
Occoquan,  climbed  the  hill  still  crowned  with  last  win 
ter's  rebel  earth-works,  and  bivouacked;  rain,  cold 
and  drenching,  towards  morning.  Moved  on  :  roads 
worse  than  possible,  —  a  sea  of  floating  mud ;  made 
three  miles  in  five  hours,  and  wagons  the  same  distance 
in  ten  hours ;  at  noon,  settled  down  in  a  thick,  warm 
pine-wood.  The  next  morning,  turned  northward 
again,  because  rebel  cavalry  were  threatening  Fairfax 


THE    WINTER.  151 

Station.  The  whole  division  went  back,  in  a  snow- 
squall  ;  wishing  that  the  folks  at  home  who  wanted  a 
winter  campaign  would  come  and  try  it.  Halted  near 
the  station,  and  had  word,  "Put  your  regiment  into 
the  wood,  stack  arms,  and  wait  for  orders."  It  was 
done,  and  we  waited  nine  days,  shelterless  in  the  bitter 
cold  ;  part  of  the  reserve  Grand  Division  under  Sigel. 

News  came  that  -the  enemy  had  taken  Dumfries, 
three  regiments,  and  two  pieces  of  artillery.  So, 
"ready  to  move  at  any  moment,  in  light  marching- 
order,"  which  we  took  as  a  hint — after  former  expe 
riences —  to  go  to  bed.  But,  next  morning,  on  to 
Wolf-Run  Shoals  ;  then  orderlies  came.  News  true  as 
to  Dumfries,  except  that  the  enemy  had  not  taken  the 
place  nor  any  regiment  nor  any  artillery.  But  "  they 
had  occupied  Fairfax  Station,  captured  our  camp  and 
baggage,  and  paroled  the  guards."  By  and  by,  "the 
enemy  were  attacking,  but  our  guard  was  fighting 
bravely."  Then,  "the  enemy  were  going  to  attack, 
and,  if  they  did,  our  men  would  have  to  fight."  Then, 
"the  enemy  were  not  near  the  station  at  all."  They 
went  to  Burke's  Station,  and  telegraphed  to  Washing 
ton  for  "a  better  lot  of  mules."  Bivouacked, — the 
water,  solid  ice  in  canteens  in.  the  morning ;  and 
marched  back  to  the  camp. 

General  Slocum  took  command  of  the  corps  to 
which,  as  already  noticed,  he  had  been  assigned ;  a 
good  general,  —  a  brave,  judicious,  and  able  soldier. 

Nothing  happened  here  except  the  building  of  a 
beautiful  log-camp,  twelve  houses  to  a  company  :  one 


152      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

thing  besides, — the  quartermaster  imitated  the  sounds 
of  a  locomotive  so  nicely  that  his  horse  ran  away  with 
him.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Cogswell  was  sick,  and  Major 
Mudge  was  in  command. 

On  the  19th  of  January,  1863,  the  regiment  left  its 
elegant  camp,  — receiving  afterwards  a  very  polite  note 
from  the  officers  of  the  regiment  which  inherited  it. 
General  Hooker  had  been  appointed  in  place  of  General 
Burnside,  assuming  command  Jan.  26,  1863,  and  the 
\vhole  force  moved  towards  the  Rappahannock.  A 
horrible  march  of  five  days,  of  which  "  Dumfries  "  is 
enough  to  freshen  recollection,  brought  the  Second  to 
Stafford  Court-house,  a  flourishing  town  of  two  dwel 
lings,  a  court-house,  and  a  jail.  Here  the  regiment 
remained  from  Jan.  23  to  April  27. 

Here  Colonel  Quincy  returned  (March  6),  though 
not  fully  recovered.  Drill,  and  officers'  recitations, 
went  on.  Men  returned,  including  many  of  the 
"  Smoketown  Brigade."  Health  improved.  Fresh 
bread  and  vegetables  eventually  came.  General  Hooker 
put  life  into-  the  army.  Inspections  were  frequent,  and 
reviews  occasional,  —  one  of  which  was  before  the 
President. 

A  special  examination  found  only  eleven  regiments  in 
the  ariny  worthy  of  high  commendation.  Of  the  eleven, 
three  were  the  First,  Second,  and  Twentieth  Massa 
chusetts.  Lieutenants  Browning  and  Miller  had  been 
discharged  in  December,  never  having  recovered  from 
the  severe  wounds  received  at  Cedar  Mountain,  and 
both  went  into  the  Invalid  Corps  (since  known  as  the 


THE    WINTER.  153 

Veteran  Reserve  Corps) .  Captain  Russell  left  in  Jan 
uary,  to  become  colonel  of  the  Fifth  Massachusetts 
Cavalry.  Lieutenant  Stone  was  disabled  by  disease, 
and  resigned  in  January.  Adjutant  Shelton,  who  had 
gone  with  General  Andrews  in  November,  was  ap 
pointed  commissary  of  subsistence,  in  February.  Lieu 
tenant  Mills  was  discharged  in  March,  never  having 
fully  recovered  from  his  wounds  of  Antietam.  Captain 
Bangs  was  forced  by  malarious  disease  to  resign  in 
March.  Captain  Shaw  left  in  April,  to  command  the 
Fifty-fourth  Massachusetts ;  and  to  sleep  at  Wagner. 
Surgeon  Stone  was  transferred  to  the  Fifty-fourth  Mas 
sachusetts,  with  Shaw.  So  the  list  was  passing  away ; 
and  with  it  the  roll  of  enlisted  men. 

Assistant-Surgeon  Heath  received  his  merited  promo 
tion, —  to  be  surgeon,  until  he  should  die  in  front  of 
Atlanta.  James  Wightman  came  from  Massachusetts, 
as  assistant-surgeon,  a  faithful  man, — to  work  himself 
to  death  in  a  few  weeks.  To  the  second  lieutenancies 
were  appointed  William  E.  Perkins?  a  sergeant  in  the 
Forty-fourth  Massachusetts,  afterwards  wounded  at 
Chancellors ville  ;  George  J.  Thompson,  a  first  sergeant 
in  the  Twenty-fourth  Massachusetts  to  be  wounded  by 
and  by ;  Henry  Van  Dyke  Stone,  sergeant  in  C,  who 
was  to  fall  at  Gettysburg ;  James  W.  Cook,  first 
sergeant  of  A,  wounded  at  Cedar  Mountain ;  Francis 
H.  Lundy,  color-sergeant,  an  old  Crimean,  soldier, 
who  had  gallantly  borne  the  colors  at  Antietam ; 
Charles  W.  Thomas,  sergeant  in  G;  and  Albert  W. 
Mann,  sergeant-major.  There  were  to  be  no  more 


154      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

appointed  second  lieutenants  (save  the  complimentary 
promotions  in  1865)  ;  the  ranks  were  to  be  too  thin  to 
allow  it,  from  Chancellors ville,  which  was  close  at  hand. 

General  Gordon,  too  poor  in  health  to  remain,  was 
transferred  to  other  parts  of  the  service.  Partially 
recovering  his  health,  he  afterwards  served  at  Folly 
Island,  at  Norfolk,  and  elsewhere ;  and  was  breveted 
major-general.  He  served  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
Yet,  in  higher  command  (once  of  a  department), 
doubtless  he  felt  that  he  had  done  no  better  work  than 
was  seen  in  the  Second  Massachusetts,  and  in  the  men 
it  sent  from  its  ranks  and  its  roll  of  officers  to  com 
mands  elsewhere.  If  he  had  done  nothing  else,  his 
record  is  in  what  the  Second  was,  and  what  it  did. 

Brigadier-General  Ruger1  was  assigned  to  the  brigade. 
As  commander  of  the  noble  Third  Wisconsin,  he  was 
well  known ;  and  hence  the  necessary  change  still  left 
a  General  respected  and  beloved. 

The  Sanitary  Commission  was  a  splendid  thing.  The 
Christian  Commission  was  getting  into  good  working- 

i  Thomas  Howard  Ruger,  bora  in  Lyman,  N.Y.,  2d  April,  1833,  son  of 
Rev.  Thomas  J.  Ruger;  graduated  at  West  Point  in  1854,  third  in  his  class; 
brevet  second  lieutenant,  Engineers,  July,  1854 ;  was  employed  as  assistant  to 
Beauregard  on  the  fortifications  of  Forts  Jackson  and  Philip,  near  New 
Orleans;  resigned  in  April,  1855;  studied  law,  in  Wisconsin;  admitted  to 
practice  in  1857,  and  settled  in  Janesville.  Commissioned  lieutenant-colonel 
of  the  Third  Wisconsin  (Colonel  C.  S.  Hamilton),  27th  April,  1861;  colonel, 
10th  August,  1861.  Appointed  brigadier-general,  29th  November,  1862;  was 
in  command  of  Third  Brigade,  First  Division,  Twelfth  Army  Corps,  and 
finally  assigned  as  above.  Was  in  battles  of  Banks's  retreat,  Cedar  Moun 
tain,  Antietam, — leading  the  noble  Third  Wisconsin;  and,  after  promotion, 
at  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  Resaca,  and  through  Sherman's  Georgia 
and  North  Carolina  campaigns.  Brevetted  major-general,  and  still  in  service. 
The  Second  knew  and  respected  General  Ruger. 


THE   WINTEK.  155 

order.  It  rained  and  it  snowed ;  and  the  mud  deep 
ened  and  dried.  And  so,  with  Captain  Morse,  provost- 
marshal  of  the  corps,  with  companies  B,  E,  and  G 
at  corps  headquarters,  and  the  other  seven  busy 
with  drill,  inspections,  and  guard,  the  winter  passed 
away. 


156       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 


XIII. 

I 
CHANCELLORSVILLE . 

STAFFOKD  Court-house,  so  long  the  abode  of  the  Sec 
ond,  was  about  eight  miles  from  Acquia  Creek  Landing, 
and  the  same  from  Falmouth.  Hooker's  long  and 
admirable  preparations  ended;  and  on  the  27th  of 
April,  1863,  the  Twelfth  Corps  quitted  that  spot  for 
ever.  Never  was  an  army  better  organized,  better 
equipped,  or  in  better  spirits. 

Keveille  sounded  at  3,  A.M.  The  morning  proved 
beautiful.  Soon  after  sunrise,  the  brigade  formed  on 
the  parade  ground  in  column  of  battalions,  and  had 
excellent  music.  Then,  on  the  road.  Each  man 
carried  eight  days'  rations,  and  sixty  cartridges.  The 
Eleventh  Corps,  General  Howard,  followed  the  Twelfth  ; 
and,  later  in  the  day,  the  Fifth  Corps.  The  three  corps 
wrere  under  the  command  of  our  own  General  Slocum  : 
his  work  was  to  cross  the  rivers,  establish  his  forces  at 
Chancellors ville,  and  thus  draw  the  enemy  out  of  their 
works  at  Fredericksburg.  With  this  day's  march,  the 
Chancellors  ville  campaign  was  begun. 

A  mile  from  Hartwood  Church,  the  regiment  halted 
at  half  past  three,  P.M.,  and  there  it  bivouacked. 


CHANCELLORSVILLE .  157 

The  next  morning,  the  men  were  silently  waked,  in 
accordance  with  orders  that  no  drums  be  beaten  and  no 
bugles  sounded.  The  Eleventh  led,  and  moved  towards 
Kelley's  Ford,  on  the  Kappahannock,  (about  twenty 
miles  above  Falmouth),  which  it  crossed  on  pontoons 
that  night ;  the  cavalry  capturing  some  rebel  pickets. 
The  Second,  the  rear  of  the  First  Division,  Twelfth 
Corps,  bivouacked  two  miles  north  of  the  ford. 

On  Wednesday  morning  (the  29th),  the  12th  Corps 
crossed  the  river,  followed  by  cavalry  and  the  5th 
Corps.  The  12th  passed  the  llth,  the  Second  Massa 
chusetts  in  advance,  flanked  by  the  27th  Indiana  and  3d 
Wisconsin,  on  the  right  and  left  as  skirmishers  :  the 
Second  and  the  27th  Indiana  by  and  by  changed  places. 
Through  woods  and  underbrush  they  pressed  on  until 
close  to  Germanna  Ford  on  the  Rapidan,  about  twelve 
miles  south  of  Kelley's  Ford.  The  rebels  were  build 
ing  a  bridge,  and  had  a  small  force  on  the  other  side, 
with  light  breastworks.  The  Third  Wisconsin  moved 
straight  to  the  ford,  while  the  Second  came  out  on 
high  ground,  and  wheeled  to  the  left.  This  brought  a 
cross  fire  on  the  rebels,  which  killed  a  few,  and  forced 
the  whole  into  their  shelter,  from  which  white  flags  soon 
fluttered ;  and  a  hundred  and  three  men  surrendered, 
who  were  required  to  cross.  The  men  then  forded. 
The  water  was  very  high  and  swift,  being  above  the 
waist,  and  three  men  of  the  corps  were  drowned.  The 
pioneers  of  our  division  built  a  bridge  for  the  remainder 
of  the  forces  ;  and  ours  bivouacked  a  mile  and  a  half 
south  of  the  Eapidan.  The  Fifth  Corps  crossed  the 


158      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTKY. 

Eapidan  at  Ely's  Ford,  down  the  river.  The  three 
corps  numbered  thirty-six  thousand  effective  men, — out 
of  forty-four  thousand  six  hundred  and  sixty-one 
reported  for  duty,  April  30,  which  included  artillery  and 
the  detachments  with  trains. 

On  Thursday  (the  30th),  a  wet  day,  the  Second 
Division,  General  Geary,  led  :  the  Second  Massachusetts 
was  the  rear  of  the  corps.  The  Twelfth  and  Eleventh 
Corps  moved  towards  Fredericksburg,  meeting  little 
opposition  ; l  the  Fifth  Corps  was  near  the  river.  The 
Twelfth  Corps  soon  struck  the  plank  road,  and  an 
easterly  march  of  twelve  miles  brought  it  to  near  Chan 
cellor  sville. 

Chancellorsville  was  a  town  of  one  house.  Going 
westward  from  Fredericksburg  on  the  old  turnpike,  five 
miles  from  the  town,  a  plank  road  diverges  to  the  left. 
Both  roads,  the  turnpike  and  the  plank  road,  lead  to 
Chancellorsville,  five  or  six  miles  off;  the.  former 
straight,  the  latter  winding  to  avoid  hills.  The  house 
of  "V.  Chancellor "  stood  in  an  intersection  of  these 
roads  :  it  was  a  large  brick  house,  once  used  as  a  tavern, 
and  a  family  was  within  it,  until  driven  out  by  its  taking 

l  "  The  Federal  columns. . .  had  meanwhile  pressed  on  to  Germanna 
and  Ely's  Fords,  where  they  succeeded  in  crossing,  in  spite  of  resistance 
from  Captain  Collins,  of  the  Fifteenth  Virginia  Cavalry.  ...  In  front  of 
Banks's  and  Ely's  Fords,  General  Lee  had  two  brigades  of  Anderson's 
Division,  Posey's  and  Mahone's,  and  one  battery;  in  all,  about  8,000  men. 
Upon  the  approach  of  the  enemy,  this  force  was  withdrawn,  and  concen 
trated  at  Chancellorsville;  where  it  was  joined  upon  the  morning  of  the  30th 
by  Wright's  Brigade,  which  had  been  sent  up  to  re-enforce  it,  the  enemy 
still  pressing  on.  ...  General  Anderson  fell  back  from  Chancellorsville  to 
Tabernacle  Church,  on  the  plank  road,  five  miles  below  [a  little  south  of 
East]."  —  Esten  Cooke. 


CHANCELLOES  VILLE .  159 

fire  from  the  rebel  shells.  In  front,  looking  southward, 
were  open  fields,  bordered  by  the  forests  of  the  Wilder 
ness.  A  clearing  behind  was  bounded  by  the  woods, 
through  which  ran  the  roads  to  Ely's  and  the  United- 
States  Fords.  Westward  on  the  plank  road,  a  mile 
and  half  or  thereabouts,  was  Melzi  Chancellor's  house, 
and  a  little  beyond,  the  Wilderness  Church.  Near  this, 
the  old  pike  road  renewed  itself,  going  straight  on, 
while  the  plank  road  bent  to  the  left.  Following  the 
pike,  at  Wilderness  Tavern,  five  miles  from  Chancel- 
lorsville,  was  met  the  Germanna  plank  road  coming  in 
on  the  north,  on  which  the  Twelfth  Corps  had  moved. 
The  whole  country  was  dreary  and  desolate,  —  as  many 
a  soldier  learned  in  May,  1863,  and  afterwards  in  the 
battles  of  the  Wilderness. 

When  the  Second  was  but  a  few  rods  from  the 
house,  it  was  turned  off  the  road,  to  the  right,  into 
the  woods ;  then  to  the  right  again,  in  a  line  parallel 
with  the  road,  some  little  distance ;  then  to  the  right, 
and  countermarched  ;  and  was  put  in  position  at  Fair- 
view.  Facing  westwa'rd,  or  perhaps  south-westerly,  the 
right  of  the  First  Brigade  of  the  Twelfth  Corps  rested 
on  the  road.  Our  brigade  touched  its  left,  — the  Sec 
ond  on  the  right,  then  the  Thirteenth  New  Jersey. 
Beyond  the  brigade,  on  the  left,  was  Geary.  The 
Eleventh  Corps  was  considerably  to  the  right  of  the 
Twelfth.  The  Second  Corps  crossed  the  Rappahannock 
that  day,  about  a  mile  below  the  junction  of  that  river 
and  the  Rapidan,  at  United-States  Ford,  which  had  been 
uncovered  by  the  movement  of  the  Fifth  Corps.  A 


160      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  IKFANTRY. 

bridge  was  laid  there  that  day.  General  Hooker  came 
that  evening  to  Chancellor's  house.  He  had  the  four 
corps  mentioned  (the  Second,  Fifth,  Eleventh,  and 
Twelfth),  at  or  near  Chancellors ville.  The  First, 
Third,  and  Sixth  Corps  had  been  moved  to  the  brink 
of  the  Eappahannock,  in  the  vicinity  of  Fredericksburg  ; 
bridges  had  been  thrown  over  ;  and  a  portion  of  these 
troops  actually  crossed  to  hold  the  enemy  there  until  the 
other  troops  had  reached  Chancellors  ville.  These  corps 
were  still  in  that  vicinity,  or  on  the  road. 

At  half-past  eight  o'clock  that  evening  (Thursday) , 
while  the  Second  was  making  ready  for  a  wet  biv 
ouac,  the  following  order  was  read,  and  the  soldiers 
cheered  :  —  •  t 

HEADQUARTERS,  ARMY  OF  THE  POTOMAC, 

CAMP  NEAR  FALMOUTH,  VA.,  April  30,  1863. 

It  is  with  heartfelt  satisfaction  that  the  Commanding  Gen 
eral  announces  to  the  army,  that  the  operations  of  the  last 
three  days  have  determined  that  our  enemy  must  either  in- 
gloriously  fly,  or  come  out  from  behind  his  defences  and  give 
us  battle  on  our  own  ground,  where  certain  destruction  awaits 
him.  The  operations  of  the  Fifth,  Eleventh,  and  Twelfth 
Corps  have  been  a  succession  of  splendid  achievements. 
By  command  of  MAJOR  GENERAL  HOOKER. 

S.  WILLIAMS,  Assistant  Adjutant-  General. 

General  Slocum's  movement  of  these  three  corps 
had  been  boldly  and  skilfully  executed. 

Friday,  May  1,  was  a  beautiful  day.  It  being  mus 
ter-day,  that  work  was,  of  course,  commenced.  It  was 
half  done  when  orders  came  to  move :  the  whole  army 
was  in  motion  on  various  roads.  "I  directed  an 


CHANCELLORS  VILLE.  161 

advance,"  says  Hooker,  "  for  the  purpose,  in  the  first 
instance,  of  driving  the  enemy  away  from  Banks's  Ford, 
which  was  six  miles  down  the  river,  in  order  that  he 
might  be  in  closer  communication  with  the  left  wing  of 
the  army."  The  Twelfth  Corps  advanced  on  the  plank 
road,  towards  Fredericksburg,  to  be  followed  by  the 
Eleventh  ;  the  Fifth  Corps,  on  the  river  road,  to  be  fol 
lowed  by  the  Second  Corps.  The  result  was  a  march 
of  a  mile  and  a  half  or  thereabouts.  Then  there  was 
sharp  musketry  on  the  left,  and  artillery  shot  flew  over 
head.  General  Sykes,  of  the  Fifth  Corps,  had  met  the 
rebel  Anderson.  Jackson,  who  had  reached  Taber 
nacle  Church  that  morning,  with  the  divisions  of  A.  P. 
Hill,  D.  H.  Hill,  and  Trimble,  sent  four  brigades  to 
Anderson's  help.  General  Hooker  was  "satisfied,"  that, 
"as  the  passage-way  through  the  forest  was  narrow/' 
he  "  could  not  throw  troops  through  it  fast  enough  to 
resist  the  advance  of  General  Lee,  and  was  apprehen 
sive  of  being  whipped  in  detail."1  He  drew  back  his 
troops  to  their  former  position.  The  enemy  made  some 
demonstrations  on  the  Twelfth  and  Fifth  Corps,  but 
were  easily  repulsed.  Their  object,  doubtless,  was  to 
learn  the  position  of  the  army ;  and  they  succeeded. 
The  Third  Corps  had  crossed  at  United-States  Ford 
that  morning,  and  were  massed  in  rear  of  the  Chan 
cellor  House.  Jackson's  command  bivouacked  about 
two  miles  east  of  Chancellors ville,  General  Lee  having 
arrived  with  other  troops  ;  and  the  Union  forces  were 

1  General  Hooker's  Testimony  before  the  Committee  on  the  Conduct  of 
the  War. 

11 


162      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

under  arms  all  night,  while  plenty  of  picket-firing  went 
on. 

On  Saturday  morning,  the  Second  entrenched.  It 
was  the  first  time  it  had  received  such  an  order.  Trees 
were  felled,  and  piled  up  breast-high ;  and  abattis  were 
constructed  in  front.  The  whole  army  was  behind 
defences.  The  Eleventh  Corps  was  on  the  right. 
Birney's  Division  of  the  Third  Corps  was  in  the 
morning  placed  between  the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth, 
occupying  nearly  a  brigade  front.  The  Twelfth  Corps 
was  in  its  position  of  the  day  before.  The  Fifth 
Corps,  General  Meade,  was  next  to  the  Twelfth,  on  the 
left.  Behind  the  Fifth  and  Twelfth  was  the  Second 
Corps,  General  Couch.  The  First  Corps  was  on  the 
road  from  Falmouth.  The  Sixth  was  still  on  the  north 
side  the  river,  below  Fredericksburg. 

The  position  of  General  Hooker's  army  was  too 
strong  to  allow  a  direct  attack,  especially  as  he  largely 
outnumbered  the  rebels  ;  but  the  enemy  was  busy  that 
Saturday.  At  eight  o'clock  in  the  morning,  they  were 
seen  moving  steadily  across  the  front  towards  the  right. 
They  were  on  an  old  road  bending  to  the  south-west. 
Word  was  brought  to  General  Slocum ;  he  went  to  a 
position  where  he  clearly  saw  the  enemy,  and  immedi 
ately  reported  the  fact  to  General  Hooker.  It  was  not 
until  afternoon  that  permission  was  had  to  attack  this 
column.  General  Birney  went  out  with  his  division  of 
the  Third  Corps,  with  Barlow's  Brigade  of  the  Eleventh 
(in  which  was  the  Thirty-third  Massachusetts,  Colonel 
Underwood)  on  his  right,  Whipple's  Division  of  the 


CHANCELLORS  VILLE.  163 

Third,  and,  later,  Williams's  (in  which  was  the  Second 
Massachusetts)  oh  his  left.  They  struck,  a  mile  or 
two  on,  Jackson's  column ;  but  it  was  only  the  rear. 
The  Twenty-third  Georgia  was  captured,  almost  to  a 
man.  But  Jackson's  column  had  passed.  The  trains 
were  attacked,  when  (it  was  about  five  o'clock)  the  roar 
of  guns  was  heard  on  the  extreme  right.  Jackson, 
with  twenty -two  thousand  men,  had  moved  all  day  in 
front  of  his  foe,  separated  himself  from  every  possi 
bility  of  help,  and  turned  the  flank  of  a  force  of  at 
least  sixty  thousand  men. 

General  Slocum  instantly  ordered  back  Williams's 
Division.  When  it  had  returned,  it  found  that  the 
Eleventh  had  been  utterly  routed  :  its  own  works  were 
in  the  hands  of  the  enemy ;  and  confusion  and  dismay 
were  triumphant. 

All  except  in  one  spot.  Pleasanton  had  stopped 
some  artillery,  turned  it,  and  checked  the  rout.  Slo 
cum,  of  the  Twelfth,  with  his  single  division  (Cap 
tain  Morse,  of  the  Second,  was  on  his  staff,  and 
did  fine  service),  had  changed  front,  and  called  back 
Williams's.1  Best,  chief  of  artillery  to  the  Twelfth 
Corps,  had  with  wonderful  energy  brought  his  pieces 
into  position,  with  some  of  the  Third  Corps ;  and 
gathered  up  some  of  those  of  the  Eleventh.  Berry's 
Division,  of  the  Third  Corps,  was  in  position,  firm  and 


1  "  Slocum,  by  his  bold  and  rapid  change  of  front,  saved  the  army  from 
the  disastrous  consequences  that  might  have  followed  the  rout  of  the 
Eleventh  Corps."  —  Bowman  #  Irwin's  "  Sherman  and  his  Campaigns," — 
p.  265. 


164  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS 


steadfast  against  the  advancing  tide  of  the  enemy, 
who  came  on  with  cheers,  and  pushed  down  the  line  of 
the  road.  Best's  twenty-two  pieces  opened  with  shell 
and  canister.  Williams's  Division  returning,  cut  across 
the  works  of  their  old  line,  —  part  of  which  were  in  the 
possession  of  the  enemy,  —  formed  at  right  angles  to  that 
line,  and  partially  facing  the  road.  Best's  guns  were 
on  a  little  ridge.  The  Second,  with  its  brigade,  were 
down  the  slope,  in  front  of  the  batteries  which  threw 
their  shot  overhead.  A  hundred  shots  a  minute  poured 
from  Best's  pieces,  sweeping  away  the  constantly  re 
peated  lines  of  the  enemy.  The  enemy  failed.  .The 
tide  was  stemmed. 

In  the  night,  towards  midnight,  the  artillery  sudden 
ly  opened  again.  "  The  ridge  in  front  of  Chancellor  s- 
ville,"  says  Cooke,  "resembled  the  crater  of  a  volcano, 
vomiting  forth  fire  and  iron.  A  hurricane  of  shell 
swept  the  roads  as  with  the  besom  of  destruction  ;  and 
the  broken  ranks,  riderless  horses,  and  wild  confusion 
made  up  a  scene  of  tumult  which  was  enough  to  try  the 
stoutest  nerves."  It  was  just  after  Jackson  had  fallen, 
shot,  said  the  rebels,  by  a  volley  from  their  own  men  ; 
shot,  said  the  First  Massachusetts,  by  a  volley  from 
them.  In  either  case,  he  was  a  hundred  yards  outside 
his  own  lines,  and  considerably  nearer  the  Union  lines.1 

The  artillery  ceased,  and  Birney  advanced  with  the 

1  "  The  soldiers  of  the  First  Regiment  saw  the  group  of  horsemen 
approaching,  —  not  knowing  that  Stonewall  Jackson  was  one  of  them,  of 
course,  —  and  greeted  them  with  a  volley  as  soon  as  they  came  within 
range.  .  .  .  The  whole  group  turned  and  fled."  —  Cudworth's  "History  of 
the  First  Regiment." 


CHANCELLORS  VILLE.  165 

bayonet,  drove  back  the  enemy  half  a  mile,  recovered 
guns  and  caissons,  and  re-established  the  line.  But 
all  night  the  firing  was  going  on,  and  all  night  the 
whippoorwills  were  never  silent. 

When  the  sun  rose  on  Sunday  morning,  the  battle 
was  renewed.  The  enemy  attacked,  still  in  the  same 
general  direction  of  the  plank  road.  General  Hooker's 
line,  as  repaired,  was  this  :  the  First  Corps,  which  had 
crossed  United-States  Ford,  on  the  extreme  right ; 
then  Meade,  with  the  Fifth;  then  Sickles,  across  the 
road  west  of  the  Chancellor  house,  pushed  forward ; 
Berry's  Division,  north  of  the  road,  supported  by 
Whipple ;  Birney,  on  the  south  of  the  road,  supported 
in  part  by  Williams,  of  the  Twelfth  Corps,  who  was  in 
the  position  of  the  night.  Geary's  Division  of  the 
Twelfth  Corps  was  still  to  the  left  of  Williams  ;  and  the 
Eleventh  Corps,  restored  to  order  by  Howard's  almost 
superhuman  efforts,  formed  the  left.  The  line  so  ran 
that  Slocum's  Corps,  the  Twelfth,  was  at  the  apex  of  a 
cone  ;  part  of  the  corps  behind,  when  the  battle  opened, 
covered  by  Birney,  who  was  farther  up  the  road. 
Against  this  apex,  to  break  it  off,  was  the  strength  of 
the  enemy  hurled,  while  other  forces  were  assaulting 
other  parts  of  the  line. 

Hill,  Colston,  and  Kodes  led  their  rebel  divisions 
against  this  point,  the  enemy  attacking  only  Williams 
and  Berry.  Following  Jackson's  favorite  method,  they 
came  up  in  heavy  columns,  deployed  suddenly,  and 
rushed  on  with  yells.  Best  had  twenty-eight  pieces  in 
position.  As  the  rebels  approached,  these  guns  hurled 


166      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

a  tempest  of  missiles  into  them.  Their  lines  were 
pierced  and  gashed  ;  yet  still  they  came  on.  The  infan 
try  met  them  with  a  terribly  destructive  fire ;  but  the 
rebel  lines  were  constantly  renewed.  At  length,  the 
Third  Corps,  severely  weakened,  fell  back ;  and  the 
Twelfth  Corps  bore  the  shock.  Williams's  Division 
stood  at  the  critical  point :  the  veterans  of  this  body 
knew  their  duty.  Of  the  Third  Brigade,  General 
Ruger,  were  the  Second,  the  Third  Wisconsin,  and 
the  Twenty-seventh  Indiana.  Nothing  that  could  be 
brought  against  the  front  of  these  steady  old  regiments 
could  move  them.  Again,  as  the  enemy  advanced,  did 
Best's  guns  plough  through  their  ranks.  The  muskets 
of  Williams's  Division  poured  in  the  bullets.  Three 
successive  times  were  new  lines  of  the  enemy  brought 
up  against  them  ;  each  time,  to  be  broken  and  repulsed. 
As  they  were  broken,  the  line  of  the  men  of  the  division 
pressed  gradually  forward.  In  the  third  line  of  the 
enemy,  there  was  a  Palmetto  regiment,  as  its  flag 
showed.  It  chanced  to  come  against  the  Second,  — 
Massachusetts  and  South  Carolina.  Gallantly  did  the 
Southern  regiment  fight :  three  times  its  colors  fell, 
but  were  instantly  raised  again.  Three  times  did  the 
flag  of  the  Second  change  bearers.  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Cogswell  was  wounded  ;  Lieutenant  Fitzgerald,  dead  ; 
Captains  Grafton  and  Powers,  and  Lieutenant  Perkins, 
were  wounded.  Thirty-three  per  cent  of  the  whole  had 
fallen.  At  last,  the  Palmettos  suddenly  retired.  The 
regiment  had  cleared  its  front,  and  found  itself  in  its 
old  entrenchments. 


CHANCELLOESVILLE.  167 

The  reaiment  was  out  of  ammunition.     For  the  first 

O 

time,  it  had  shot  away  all  its  cartridges.  The  officers 
had,  during  the  fight,  gathered  up  all  the  ammunition 
from  the  cartridge-boxes  of  the  wounded  and  dead ; 
and,  as  the  line  gained -ground,  taken  that  of  the  fallen 
rebels.  But  it  was  all  gone ;  and  the  urgent  request 
for  a  supply  was  answered,  in  a  high  quarter,  "I  cannot 
make  men  or  ammunition."  So  the  brigade  fixed  bay 
onets,  and  stood  at  "order  arms"  for  three-fourths  of 
an  hour.  Fortunately,  the  rebels  had  been  so  severely 
handled  that  their  assaults  were  faint.  While  the  two 
divisions  were  bearing  the  whole  rebel  attack,  General 
Slocum  repeatedly  sent  staff-officers  to  General  Hooker, 
reporting  the  situation,  and  urging  him  to  allow  other 
troops  to  take  part  in  the  battle.  He  saw  him  in  per 
son  also,  and  asked  him  to  send  another  corps  in  on 
Berry's  right,  so  as  to  take  the  rebels  in  flank.  Other 
corps  commanders  were  present,  and  begged  the  privi 
lege,  and  the  soldiers  were  eager  to  take  part  in  the  bat 
tle.  But  General  Hooker  utterly  refused.  By  and  by 
Berry  was  killed,  the  left  of  his  line  was  overpowered, 
and  the  right  of  Williams's  was  eventually  turned, 
which  required  him  to  fall  back.  The  Second  Massa 
chusetts,  moving  around  the  south  of  the  Chancellor 
house,  waited  orders.  While  waiting,  a  round  shot 
took  off  three  legs  of  two  men  of  Company  E.  Later, 
the  Second  was  sent  back  nearer  the  United-States 
Ford. 

At  ten  or  eleven  o'clock,  'General  Hooker  had  drawn 
back  his  forces  to  a  line  traced  earlier  for  that  purpose, 


168      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

covering  the  parting  of  the  roads  to  the  ferries.  His 
right  and  left  each  rested  now  upon  the  river,  and 
Chancellor sville  was  left  to  the  enemy.  The  house  was 
in  flames  before  he  left  it,  set  on  fire  by  shells ;  and 
the  terrified  women,  who  had  sheltered  themselves  in  the 
cellar,  were  conducted  out  of  the  burning  building  to 
the  ford.  The  woods  were  on  fire,  and  the  roaring  and 
crackling  flames  were  running  over  helpless  wounded 
men.  Doubtless,  the  enemy  saved  the  wounded  from 
the  fire  so  far  as  possible.  "  I  was  suddenly  seized," 
says  one  of  the  Second  who  had  lost  his  sight,  "  and 
dragged  hurriedly  along  for  some  distance."  It  was 
doubtless  to  rescue  him  from  the  flames. 

Against  another  assault,  in  the  afternoon,  the  Second 
had  nothing  to  do.  It  was  not  severe  :  Lee  had  some 
thing  else  to  do. 

That  morning,  General  Sedgwick,  with  the  Sixth 
Corps,  had  crossed  at  Fredericksburg,  carried  the 
enemy's  works,  captured  a  portion  of  the  few  brigades 
left  there  when  Lee  had  moved  on  Chancellorsville,  and 
was  now  advancing  up  the  road  on  the  south  of  the 
river,  to  move  on  Lee's  flank,  and  make  a  juncture  with 
Hooker.  Lee  heard  this  in  the  afternoon.  He  imme 
diately  detached  a  heavy  force  to  the  relief  of  Barks- 
dale  and  Wilcox,  who  were  found  at  Salem  Church, 
about  five  miles  from  Fredericksburg,  vigorously  pushed 
by  Sedgwick,  and  retreating.  The  rebels  stepped 
Sedgwick's  advance.  The  Second,  with  the  whole 
army,  lay  listening  to  the  sound  of  the  battle.  A  move 
ment  was  expected.  Hooker  would,  of  course  (was 


CHANCELLORS  VILLE.  169 

the  talk  in  the  lines),  fall  on  Lee,  to  help  Sedgwick. 
But  it  was  not  done.  Sedgwick  was  held  in  check  till 
night.  That  evening,  after  dark,  the  Twelfth  Corps 
was  moved  to  the  extreme  left,  resting  on  the  river,  in 
Sedgwick's  direction ;  and  was  intermingled,  for  ob 
vious  reasons,  with  the  Eleventh  Corps.  Breastworks 
were  found  there.  It  was  a  beautiful  night ;  and  the 
change  from  the  smoke  of  the  smouldering  fires  to  the 
cool  air  by  the  rippling  waters  was  refreshing.  Food 
was  had  also  :  Quartermaster  Sawyer,  the  indefati 
gable  man,  had  brought  boxes  and  bags,  on  the  back 
of  mules,  from  the  trains  which  had  been  left  across  the 
river  at  United- States  Ford.  The  men  were  black  with 
the  smoke  of  powder  or  burning  woods  in  which  for 
two  days  they  had  been  WTapped. 

Monday  morning  (May  4) ,  the  sound  of  Sedgwick's 
contest  was  renewed.  Lee  had  gone  there  himself, 
and  by  and  by  drove  Sedgwick  over  the  river  at 
Banks's  Ford.  Hooker  gave  him  no  help.  "Reconnois- 
sances  were  made,"  says  General  Hooker,  "  on  the  right, 
from  one  end  of  the  line  to  the  other,  to  feel  the 
enemy's  strength,  and  find  a  place  and  way  to  attack 
him  successfully ;  but  it  was  ascertained  that  it  could 
only  be  made  on  him  behind  his  defences,  and  with 
slender  columns,  which  I  believed  he  could  destroy  as 
fast  as  they  were  thrown  on  his  works."  It  is  remark 
able,  that,  in  the  same  country,  the  enemy  found  means 
to  assault  a  force  twice  their  number. 

The  hospital,  which  had  been  removed  from  Chan- 
cellorsville  during  the  first  attack,  to  a  place  nearer 


170  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTEY. 

the  river,  had  been  transferred  to  the  north  side  of 
the  Rappahannock,  two-thirds  of  a  mile  back  from  the 
river.  No  better  hospital  arrangements  were  possible 
than  those  of  the  Twelfth  Corps,  organized  by  the 
medical  director,  Surgeon  McNulty.  It  was  in  charge 
of  Surgeon  Casey,  of  the  Twentieth  Connecticut,  a 
man  admirably  qualified  by  ability  and  education  for  his 
place.  Surgeon  Try  ford,  of  the  Twenty-Seventh  Indi 
ana,  chief  operator  for  the  Third  Brigade,  did  his  work 
skilfully.  Surgeon  Heath,  of  the  Second,  gave  evidence 
of  the  cool  skill  which  was  to  place  him  by  and  by 
among  the  first  of  the  surgeons  of  the  corps ;  and 
Assistant-Surgeon  Wightman  gave  promise  of  a  success 
which  his  speedy  death  cut  off.  The  wounded  of  the 
Second  were  collected  there  :  boughs  were  cut  for  beds, 
and  all  their  wants  supplied.  The  "Sanitary"  was,  of 
course,  on  hand.  God  bless  the  memory  of  the  "  Sani 
tary  ! " 

Monday  morning,  in  the  gray,  suddenly  shots  fell 
into  the  hospital.  The  enemy  had  planted  a  battery, 
just  opposite  the  extreme  left  of  Hooker's  line,  several 
miles  away,  which  threw  its  balls  into  the  hospital  and 
wagon-camp.  At  the  first  shot,  limbs  fell  from  a  tree 
upon  the  tent  in  which  were  the  wounded  officers  of  the 
Second.  The  next  fell  among  some  rebel  prisoners, 
killing  one  and  wounding  five.  For  a  few  minutes, 
the  shots  fell  with  the  greatest  rapidity.  One  passed 
through  the  tent  which  had  been  turned  in  by  the 
Second,  and  killed  a  man  just  rising  up.  The  wounded 
men  began  to  be  hastily  removed.  There  came  near 


CHANCELLOKSVILLE.  171 

being  a  stampede  of  wagons,  and  the  large  ambulance 
train  of  the  corps.  Some  drivers  were  in  haste  to  leave. 
Quartermaster  Sawyer,  of  the  Second,  was  present,  with 
pistol  in  hand,  —  "The  first  man  that  leaves  without 
orders  dies  ! "  Order  was  restored,  and  preparations 
hastened.  But  the  fire  speedily  ceased.  The  men  of 
the  Twelfth  Corps,  in  the  line,  drove  it  off. 

The  roar  of  fight  to  the  eastward,  at  Banks's  Ford, 
ceased  about  noon  on  Monday.  The  battle  of  Chan- 
cellorsville  was  ended.  A  hundred  thousand  men, 
thoroughly  organized,  admirably  equipped,  in  high 
spirits, — brave  men,  and  most  of  them  experienced 
soldiers,  —  had  been  baffled  by  a  force  now  known  to 
have  been  half  their  number. 

Monday  night  was  quiet.  Tuesday  morning,  the 
hospital  was  to  be  moved.  But,  while  a  good  locality 
was  being  sought,  orders  came  to  put  it  and  the  wagon 
trains  on  the  road  for  the  old  camp.  This  was  signifi 
cant  of  retreat.  In  fact,  at  a  council  of  generals  held 
Monday  night,  General  Hooker  had  decided  to  recross 
the  river,  and  return  to  his  old  position.  In  the  after 
noon,  while  trains  were  far  on,  it  began  to  rain  furi 
ously.  The  Eappahannock  rose  rapidly,  and  the  three 
pontoon  bridges  were  necessarily  reduced  to  two.  Or 
ders  came  to  the  Second  to  move  that  night ;  but  they 
were  countermanded,  and  it  lay  that  wet  night  in  the 
trenches.  Wednesday  morning,  the  regiment  moved 
to  United-States  Ford,  where  the  army  lay  crowded  to 
gether  for  a  few  hours ;  and  then  recrossed  the  river, 
with  more  men  in  the  ranks  who  had  not  fired  a  shot,  or 


172      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

been  brought  into  the  presence  of  the  enemy,  than  Lee 
had  in  his  entire  army. 

That  rainy  day,  the  Second  made  twenty-three  miles, 
and,  late  at  night,  took  possession  of  their  old  and  roof 
less  huts  at  Stafford  Court-house.  Better  not  have  left 
them  ten  days  before  :  too  many  huts  were  tenantless. 

In  the  fighting  of  these  days,  one  officer  was  killed, 
Lieutenant  Gerald  Fitzgerald,  —  a  fine  scholar,  a 
brave  soldier  (he  was  buried  on  the  field)  ;  and  four 
wounded, — Lieutenant  -  Colonel  Cogswell,  Captain 
Grafton,  Captain  Powers,  and  Lieutenant  W.  E.  Per 
kins.  Of  enlisted  men,  the  killed  were,  —  Nutter, 
of  A;  Bickford,  Christie,  Foss,  and  Stevens  (Jesse), 
of  B;  Manning  (2d),  of  C;  Houghton  (A.  C.)  and 
UfFenheimer,  of  E  ;  Bedell,  Fitch,  Kittredge,  and  Pur- 
cell,  of  G ;  Burke  (J.)»  and  Hannigan,  of  H;  Davis, 
Hanscom  (C.  G.),  Martin,  McKenny,  and  Webb  (J.), 
of  I ;  and  Bortchy,  Bunning,  and  Rathburn,  of  K. 
Mortally  wounded,  —  Corporal  Page,  of  A;  Manning, 
of  B ;  Hoyt  and  Sullivan,  of  C ;  Barrell  and  Fer- 
nald,  of  H  ;  and  Cameron  and  Sawyer,  of  I.  Eighty- 
six  wounded,  not  mortally ;  and  eight  prisoners  (the 
men  left  in  the  works,  in  charge  of  the  knapsacks,  on 
the  2d  of  May) .  The  losses  were  thirty-three  per  cent. 

The  division,  General  Williams's,  lost  1,659  men; 
the  Twelfth  Corps,  3,143,  out  of  between  nine  and  ten 
thousand  men. 

For  the  loss  of  these  brave  men,  it  was  poor  conso 
lation  to  hear  the  order  in  -which  the  "  Major-General 
commanding "  tendered  to  the  army  "  his  congratula- 


CHANCELLOKSVILLE.  173 

tions  on  its  achievements  of  the  last  seven  days." 
"  We  have  made  long  marches,  crossed  rivers,  surprised 
the  enemy  in  his  intrenchments."  But,  with  vastly 
superior  forces,  we  had  failed  of  our  purpose.  "We 
have  taken  from  the  enemy  five  thousand  prisoners  and 
fifteen  colors,  captured  seven  pieces  of  artillery,  and 
placed  hors  du  combat  eighteen  thousand  of  our  foe's 
chosen  troops."  But,  of  the  prisoners  in  the  hands  of 
the  enemy,  of  the  artillery  lost,  and  of  the  faithful,  noble 
men  wounded  or  dead,  the  order  was  silent.  The 
Second  had  this  consolation,  —  that  it  had  increased  its 
honorable  fame,  stood  manfully,  and  driven  boldly 
Jackson's  best  troops  ;  and  that  its  dead  had  fallen  like 
brave  men. 

Colonel  Quincy  resigned  his  colonelcy  the  last  of 
May,  being  discharged  June  2.  He  was  suffering  from 
the  wounds  received  at  Cedar  Mountain,  as  well  as  from 
the  hardships  of  Eichmond  prisons.  The  experience 
of  the  Chancellorsville  movement  convinced  him,  reluc 
tantly,  that  he  was  unequal  to  active  field-duty.  He 
accordingly  received  a  commission  as  lieutenant-colonel 
of  the  Seventy-Third  United-States  Colored  Troops, 
and  afterwards  a  colonel,  to  be  employed  as  assistant 
inspector-general  in  Louisiana,  and  eventually  to  be 
bre vetted  brigadier-general.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Cogs 
well  was  promoted  to  the  colonelcy,  which  he  had  nobly 
earned.  In  his  absence,  being  wounded,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Mudge  was  in  command. 

Assistant-Surgeon  Wightman  was   put   on   duty  in 


174  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS   INFANTRY. 

the  corps  hospital  at  Acquia  Landing.  He  devoted 
himself  to  his  duty  with  so  much  earnestness,  that  he 
soon  fell  sick ;  and  he  died,  on  the  15th  of  June,  at 
Washington.  He  was  a  faithful  man,  and  bid  fair  to 
be  a  most  efficient  officer.  William  Nichols,  jun.,  of 
Boston,  joined  as  assistant  surgeon,  having  already 
had  valuable  experience  in  front  of  Washington.  He 
was  eventually  promoted  surgeon ;  but  preferred  the 
same  position  in  the  Third  Massachusetts  Artillery, 
and  served  to  the  close  of  the  war. 

A  new  camp  was  laid  out,  near  the  old  one,  and 
occupied  May  27.  The  weather  was  intensely  hot, 
and  wood-ticks  and  snakes  nourished. 


BEVERLY   FORD    TO    GETTYSBURG.  175 


XIV. 

FROM   BEVERLY   FORD    TO    GETTYSBURG. 

# 

ON  the  6th  of  June,  1863,  the  regiment  moved  in  light 
marching  order  on  a  secret  expedition.  General 
Hooker  having  learned  that  the  enemy  had  massed  his 
cavalry  near  Culpeper,  despatched  General  Pleasanton 
to  attack  him.  A  large  force  of  cavalry,  with  picked 
regiments  of  infantry,  and  some  artillery,  crossed  by 
Kelley's  and  Beverly  Fords.  The  Second,  and  the 
Third  Wisconsin,  were  of  the  number  selected,  and 
were  in  that  column  which  was  to  cross  at  Beverly 
Ford.  They  left  camp,  train,  sick,  &c.,  in  the  even 
ing  :  a  heavy  thunder-shower,  soon  after  starting,  laid 
the  dust.  The  regiment  marched  that  night  to  near 
Spott  Tavern,  fifteen  miles,  arriving  at  2,  A.M.  ;  starting 
at  10,  A.M.,  reached  Bealeton  Station  about  6,  P.M., 
where  detachments  from  other  corps  were  met,  all  under 
General  Ames ;  kept  out  of  sight  a  day  in  the  woods, 
and  then  moved  rapidly  to  Beverly  Ford,  and  crossed 
on  the  morning  of  the  9th,  —  cavalry  first,  then  the 
Third  Wisconsin,  then  the  Second.  Colonel  Davis, 
commanding  cavalry,  charged  up  to,  and  over,  a  barri 
cade.  The  infantry  moved  up,  and  drove  the  enemy, 


17(3  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

after  sharp  firing,  several  miles.  The  trains  could  be 
heard,  bringing  re-enforcements,  at  Brandy  Station.  The 
rebels  tried  to  turn,  first  the  right,  and  then  the  left; 
but  without  success,  and  with  much  loss  both  in  killed 
and  prisoners.  Firing  was  soon  heard  in  the  rebel 
rear.  General  Gregg,  who  had  crossed  at  Kelley's  Ford, 
had  moved  to  Brandy  Station,  drove  Stewart,  and  cap 
tured  his  headquarters,  finding  papers  which  indicated 
Lee's  movement  to  Pennsylvania.  The  enemy's  cav 
alry,  then  about  to  move,  were  badly  shattered,  and 
their  value  greatly  diminished  all  the  way  to  Gettys 
burg.  Gregg  came  in  on  the  left,  and  the  whole  force 
fell  back,  and  recrossed  about  6,  P.M.  The  Second 
had  lost  one  mortally  wounded,  —  Nutting,  of  D  ;  and 
two  wounded.  In  this  affair,  twenty  men  of  Company 
D,  with  seventy  from  the  Third-  Wisconsin,  all  under 
Captain  Oakey,  captured  more  than  their  whole  number 
of  men. 

On  the  morning  of  the  10th,  the  regiment  marched 
back  to  Bealeton,  where  it  remained  until  the  14th. 
The  whole  army  was  in  motion ;  and  the  Second,  re 
maining  one  night  just  above  Warrenton  Junction, 
rejoined  the  corps  on  the  16th,  at  Fairfax,  meeting 
there  the  men  left  behind  at  Stafford  Court-house,  who 
had  come  on  with  the  wagons,  baggage,  &c.,  by  way 
of  Dumfries,  under  command  of  Major  Morse.  The 
army  was  on  the  road  to  Gettysburg. 

Lee  was  moving  towards  Pennsylvania.  Hooker  was 
moving  on  parallel  roads,  observing  the  enemy,  and 
"  covering  Washington." 


BEVERLY    FORD    TO    GETTYSBURG.  177 

The  Twelfth  Corps  moved  by  way  of  Fairfax,  Lees- 
burg,  Edwards's  Ferry,  and  Frederick.  On  the  day 
after  the  Second  rejoined  its  corps,  it  moved  on  from 
Fairfax,  and  struck  the  Leesburg  and  Alexandria  turn 
pike,  a  few  miles  south-east  of  Drainsville.  On  the 
18th,  passed  through  Drainsville,  forded  Goose  Creek 
(in  a  hard  hail-storm),  passed  through  Leesburg,  and 
camped  under  the  old  rebel  Fort  Johnston.  Good  for 
aging  in  that  vicinity.  There  was  no  movement  until 
the  26th,  a  wet  day,  when  the  regiment  crossed  the 
Potomac,  at  Edwards's  Ferry,  on  pontoons ;  met  some 
of  the  Second  Massachusetts  Cavalry  near  Poolsville  ; 
and  encamped  about  4,  P.M.,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Monocacy,  following  river  roads  and  the  canal  bank. 
On  the  27th,  crossing  the  Monocacy  on  the  culvert, 
went  up  to  Point  of  Rocks.  Some  miles  farther  on, 
went  through  a  tunnel  under  the  canal ;  and  on,  to  a 
mile  beyond  Petersville.  On  the  28th,  back  to  Peters- 
ville,  and,  through  Jefferson,  to  near  Frederick,  and 
camped  a  mile  south  of  the  familiar  river.  That  day, 
General  Meade  took  command  of  the  army.  The  im 
mediate  occasion  of  General  Hooker's  request  to  be 
relieved  was,  that  he  desired  to  take  the  force  at  Har 
per's  Ferry,  and  unite  it  with  the  Twelfth  Corps, 
"  throw  them  rapidly  in  rear  of  General  Lee's  army, 
cut  his  communications,  destroy  the  bridges,  and  cap 
ture  his  trains,  and  then  re-unite  with  the  main  army."1 
Had  this  been  done,  the  history  of  the  Second  would 


1  General  Butterfi eld's  statement. 
12 


178      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

have  been  different.  It  was  overruled  by  General 
Halleck.  Hooker  had  brought  his  army,  by  brilliant 
marches,  face  to  face  with  the  enemy,  and  was  then 
driven  from  command  by  a  general  in  Washington, 
on  a  point  which  that  general  immediately  conceded 
to  Hooker's  successor. 

On  the  29th,  a  rainy  day,  the  regiment  passed 
through  Waterville,  to  within  a  mile  of  Bruceville ;  on 
the  30th,  through  Taneytown,  to  half  a  mile  beyond 
Littleston ;  on  the  1st  of  July,  slowly,  four  or  five 
miles,  to  near  Two  Taverns,  where  it  halted.  Heavy 
and  continuous  firing  in  the  direction  of  Gettysburg 
soon  startled  the  command.  It  was  ordered  forward, 
took  position  about  two  miles  south  of  the  town,  on  the 
right,  and  threw  out  skirmishers.  The  firing  was  from 
Reynold's  attack  (on  the  other  side  of  the  town) ,  and 
Howard's  support,  which  ended  in  the  latter's  placing 
all  his  forces  on  Cemetery  Ridge.  It  was  about  7, 
P.M.,  when  Slocum  placed  his  corps  on  the  right;  and 
Sickles,  the  Third,  on  the  left  of  the  Eleventh.  The 
regiment  slightly  changed  its  position  in  the  evening. 

The  enemy,  who  had  been  floating  about  in  Pennsyl 
vania  pretty  much  at  will,  had  found  it  necessary  to 
concentrate,  and  were  gathering  near  Gettysburg. 
General  Meade  determined  to  give  battle  at  that  place. 
But,  of  that  battle  in  general,  it  is  not  in  the  purpose 
of  this  record  to  speak. 

On  the  morning  of  the  2d,  there  was  some  skirmish 
ing  by  the  regiment ;  then  another  slight  change  was 
made,  the  whole  corps  making  a  slight  detour  to  the 


BEVERLY   FORD    TO    GETTYSBURG.  179 

left,  taking  position,  the  right  resting  on  Eock  Creek, 
at  a  point  where  it  crossed  the  Baltimore  pike.  This 
was  the  extreme  right  of  the  line  of  the  whole  army. 
Breastworks  were  immediately  thrown  up. 

Late  in  the  afternoon,  the  enemy  made  a  heavy 
assault  upon  the  extreme  left  of  the  line.  The  First 
Division  of  the  Twelfth  Corps  was  ordered  to  its  assist 
ance.  Arriving  there,  it  was  immediately  exposed  to 
artillery  fire ;  but  the  Second  lost  but  one  man,  — 
wounded.  Scarcely  was  this  movement  completed, 
when,  the  enemy  being  repulsed,  the  division  was 
ordered  back  to  its  old  defences. 

Coming  near  there,  circumstances  led  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Mudge  to  suspect  that  the  enemy  had  occupied 
the  ground  ;  and  he  sent  Company  F,  as  skirmishers,  to 
ascertain  the  state  of  the  case.  Meanwhile  the  regi 
ment  was  promptly  placed  in  line  of  battle,  at  rio-ht 
angles  to  its  old  line,  in  the  edge  of  the  woods,  on  the 
opposite  side  of  a  meadow  from  which  the  enemy  might 
be  expected. 

The  night  was  dark,  with  an  occasional  gleam  of 
moonlight.  With  the  exception  of  occasional  shots 
from  distant  skirmishers,  all  was  still. 

Company  F  returned,  and  reported  a  rebel  line  of 
battle  at  about  four  hundred  yards'  distance,  which  had 
not  only  got  into  our  works,  but  had  formed  their  line 
directly  across  them ;  and  brought  in  some  prisoners 
who  confirmed  the  statement.  The  report  was  not  sat 
isfactory  to  higher  authorities,  and  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Mudge  sent  out  Company  K.  That  company,  under  the 


180      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

brave  and  skilful  lead  of  Capt.  Thomas  B.  Fox,  cau 
tiously  advanced  within  ten  feet  of  the  enemy's  line,  cap 
tured  twenty  prisoners,  drew  a  volley  of  musketry,  and 
returned ;  with  the  loss  of  two  men  wounded,  and  two 
prisoners.  There  was  no  question  now  as  to  the 
enemy's  position.  The  new  line  was  strengthened  by 
rails  and  logs,  skirmishers  pushed  well  forward,  and 
daylight  soberly  waited  for.  Two  batteries  (Parrott 
and  Napoleon  guns)  were  posted  so  as  to  command  the 
wood.  Swell's  Corps  formed  the  enemy's  left. 

On  the  morning  of  the  memorable  3d  of  July,  the 
two  batteries  opened  a  rapid  and  severe  fire,  and  kept 
it  up  for  over  an  hour.  But  it  failed  to  dislodge  the 
enemy,  who  were  favored  by  the  nature  of  the  ground, 
which  was  steep  and  rocky,  and  covered  with  dense 
woods.  The  batteries  ceased,  and  the  sharpshooters 
of  the  enemy,  posted  in  trees,  became  annoying. 

At  about  7  o'clock,  orders  came  to  the  Second,  and 
one  other  regiment,  to  advance  over  the  meadow, 
and  carry  the  enemy's  position.  So  strange  an  order 
excited  astonishment.  The  regiments  were  a  handful 
against  the  mass  of  enemy  opposite,  even  without  any 
regard  to  their  formidable  position.  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Mudge  questioned  the  messenger,  "Are  you  sure 
that  is  the  order?"  — "Yes."  — "Well,"  said  he,  "it  is 
murder  :  but  it's  the  order.  Up,  men,  over  the  works  ! 
Forward,  double-quick  !  "  With  a  cheer,  with  bayonets 
unfixed,  without  firing  a  shot,  the  line  sprang  forward 
as  fast  as  the  swampy  ground  would  allow.  The  brave 
young  leader  fell  dead  in  the  middle  of  the  field,  as  on 


BEVERLY  FORD  TO  GETTYSBURG.       181 

foot,  and  waving  his  sword,  he  was  cheering  on  the 
men  ;  and  Major  Morse  took  command.  Three  color- 
bearers  were  shot  in  going  two  hundred  yards,  but  the 
colors  kept  on.  Into  the  enemy's  line  ;  up  to  the  breast 
works  ;  and  the  regiment  held  its  old  position  ! 

But  the  rebel  fire  was  still  terrible.  The  Second  was 
alone.  The  regiment  on  its  right,  its  single  help,  had 
melted  back.  The  troops  in  support  were  motionless. 
From  behind  every  tree  and  rock,  the  enemy  poured  an 
overwhelming  fire.;  three  brigades  (a  prisoner  after 
wards  said)  were  at  that  point.  Another  color-bearer 
fell  dead,  waving  the  colors.  Ten  officers  had  fallen. 
No  supports  came.  The  rebels  were  flanking  the  regi 
ment,  when  the  order  was  given  to  retire.  Slowly  and 
sullenly  the  Second  fell  back,  re-crossed  the  field  of 
death,  and,  taking  position  behind  a  ruined  stone  wall, 
opened  fire  on  the  enemy  whenever  they  showed  them 
selves. 

"I  never  saw  a  finer  sight,"  said  a  general,  "than  to 
see  that  regiment,  coming  back  over  that  terrible 
meadow,,  face  about  and  form  in  line  as  steady  as  if  on 
parade."  Steady,  —  but  of  the  22  officers  and  294  men, 
134  lay  on  the  field.  The  lieutenant-colonel  com 
manding  was  dead.  "Our  brave  young  color-bearer" 
was  killed,  and  of  the  color-guard  but  a  remnant  was 
left.  Forty-four  men  in  every  hundred  had  fallen,  but 
the  honor  of  the  Second  was  untainted. 

The  brave,  young  Mudge,  the  true-hearted  Van 
Dyke  Stone,  —  were  dead.  Robeson,  impetuous,  dar 
ing,  and  able ;  Thomas  B.  Fox,  who  added  the 


182      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

noblest  scholarly  culture  to  a  faithful,  devoted  heart, 
—  were  mortally  wounded.  Captain  Crowninshield, 
and  Lieutenants  Gelray  (arm  amputated),  Parker, 
Mehan,  Comey,  and  N.  D.  A.  Sawyer  —  were 
wounded.  Of  the  enlisted  men,  the  dead  were  Bas- 
com,  Bullard,  Durgin  (color-bearer),  Foster  (S.  P.), 
Hall,  and  Heoy,  of  A ;  Whittier,  of  B ;  Marshall,  of 
C;  Derr,  Maynard,  Nelson,  and  Sadler  (carrying  the 
colors),  of  D  ;  Furber,  Peck  (P.  H.),  and  Wilson,  of 
G ;  and  Bailey,  Cady  (carrying  the  colors) ,  Joy,  and 
Trayner,  of  I.  Mortally  wounded  were  Ball,  Briggs 
(J.),  Foster  (W.),  and  Prouty,  of  A ;  Alton  and 
Conlan,  of  B  ;  Chase  and  Goetz,  of  C  ;  Blunt  and  Ela, 
of  D  ;  Kiernan,  of  F  ;  Babcock,  Burdett,  and  Farring- 
ton,  of  H;  Brown,  Butters,  Edmunds,  and  Parker,  of 
I ;  and  Jewett  and  Wade,  of  K.  Eighty-four  enlisted 
men  were  wounded,  not  mortally  (among  them  Hobbs, 
of  I,  while  carrying  the  colors)  ;  and  six  were  prisoners. 
The  dead  of  the  enlisted  men  were  buried  at  Gettys 
burg. 

"Lamenting  the  heroic  dead,"  said  Colonel  Cogswell, 
"  our  beloved  lieutenant-colonel,  our  respected  and 
cherished  officers,  our  brave  and  noble  men,  who  left 
their  lives  on  that  bloody  but  victorious  field, — let  us 
imitate  their  example,  and  make  ourselves  worthy  to 
have  been  their  comrades  in  arms  ! " 

After  returning,  the  regiment  went  into  its  log 
defences,  and  the  artillery  opened  again  with  good 
effect.  An  attack  was  made  by  a  part  of  the  Second 
Division  on  the  enemy's  flank  and  rear ;  and  after  seven 


BEVERLY    FORD    TO    GETTYSBURG.  183 

hours'  hard  fighting,  including  the  time  in  which  the 
Second  was  engaged,  the  enemy  were  dislodged. 
About  3,  P.M. ,  the  regiment  occupied  its  original  ground, 
and  cared  for  its  dead  and  wounded.  Some  of  these 
were  brought  off  under  the  fire  of  sharpshooters,  and 
some  under  cover  of  the  night.  Surgeon  Heath 
and  Assistant-Surgeon  Nichols  did  fine  service.  It  was 
about  1,  P.M.,  that  the  enemy  made  his  attack  upon 
Cemetery  Hill,  which  was  so  gallantly  repelled.  The 
Eleventh  Corps  had  redeemed  its  honor.  In  that  con 
test  was  the  Thirty-third  Massachusetts,  Colonel  Under 
wood,  which  had  never  lost  its  honor.  In  the  evening, 
the  message  was  passed  along  the  line,  from  General 
Meade,  that  the  enemy  had  been  repulsed  at  all  points. 
During  the  night,  the  regiment  lay  in  its  works,  kept 
awake  by  skirmishing  fire  and  volleys  of  musketry.  In 
the  morning  the  enemy  had  disappeared.  The  Second, 
and  some  other  regiments,  were  sent  on  a  reconnoissance 
of  a  couple  of  miles,  and  found  that  the  rebel  army  had 
retreated.  On  returning,  the  day  was  spent  in  caring 
for  the  wounded,  and  burying  the  dead. 

In  the  "movement  of  the  army  after  Lee,  the  Sec 
ond  left  on  the  5th,  and  reached  Littleston ;  on  the  6th, 
a  few  miles  below  that  place  ;  on  the  7th  (in  the  rain) , 
to  within  three  miles  of  Frederick  ;  on  the  8th,  through 
Frederick,  Middleton,  and  Burketsville,  to  Crampton's 
Gap ;  on  the  9th,  to  Rohrersville ;  on  the  10th,  it 
crossed  the  old  battle-ground  of  Antietam,  every  step 
recalling  recollections  of  that  stubborn  fight,  and  bivou 
acked  at  its  right;  on  the  llth,  to  a  little  north-west 


184  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

of  Fairplay;  on  the  12th,  to  near  Williamsport,  and 
threw  up  breastworks.  Here  Colonel  Cogswell,  nearly 
recovered  from  his  wound,  rejoined  the  regiment,  and 
took  command. 

On  the  14th,  the  strong  rebel  works  were  found 
deserted.  Lee  had  made  good  his  escape  across  the 
river,  losing  only  some  of  his  rear-guard.  That  day 
the  regiment  marched  eighteen  miles ;  on  the  15th, 
three  miles  below  Antietam  Iron  Works  ;  on  the  16th, 
it  passed  by  tinsel's  house  again,  and  over  the  hills  to 
Sandy  Hook  ;  on  the  19th,  it  crossed  the  river,  and 
over  the  Shenandoah,  and  bivouacked  a  little  west  of 
Hillsborough  ;  on  the  20th,  to  Snickers ville,  towards  the 
Gap ;  on  the  23d  and  24th,  a  continuous  march  of- 
twenty-eight  miles  through  Troy,  Oakhill,  and  Upper- 
ville,  to  White  Plains,  where  Major  Morse  and 
Lieutenants  George  and  Sawyer,  with  a  squad  of  non 
commissioned  officers,  left  for  Massachusetts,  to  bring 
back  ^conscripts," — none  of  whom  ever  came.  On  the 
25th,  moved  to  Haymarket ;  on  the  26th,  to  near  War 
ren  ton  Junction  ;  where,  on  the  27th,  General  Gordon 
visited  the  regiment,  and  was  warmly  received.  On  the 
31st,  the  regiment  moved  by  road  east  of  Bealeton  to 
near  Kelley's  Ford,  on  the  Eappahannock ;  on  the  1st 
of  August,  crossed  to  support  a  cavalry  advance,  the 
Second  and  the  Twenty-seventh  Indiana  thrown  forward 
as  skirmishers  ;  on  the  2d,  in  the  evening,  returned,  and 
went  into  camp.  It  had  come  back  to  the  old  river, 
after  fighting  two  battles,  and  marching  four  hundred 
and  four  miles. 


JOURNEYINGS.  185 


XV. 

JOURNEYINGS. 

THE  regiment  lay  in  camp  until  Aug.  16.  On  the 
15th  (Saturday),  came  orders  to  be  ready,  and  in 
the  morning  the  regiment  was  on  the  road.  But  there 
was  something  odd  about  it:  the -Third  Wisconsin  and 
the  Twenty-seventh  Indiana  were  on  the  road  too, 
but  the  remainder  of  the  brigade  was  left.  Eight  other 
regiments  were  added,  all  under  command  of  our  Gene 
ral  Ruger.  It  was  learned  that  certain  sturdy  regiments 
had  been  picked  for  particular  service,  but  what  that 
service  was,  was  a  profound  mystery. 

Six  miles  up  the  river  was  Rappahannock  Station. 
There,  leaving  horses  to  come  by  another  train,  and 
superfluous  baggage  to  stay  behind,  the  regiments  were 
put  on  long  railway  trains,  and  that  night  found  them 
selves  at  Alexandria. 

On  a  miserable  field  in  the  edge  of  the  town  were 
the  troops,  after  some  delays,  sent  to  bivouac.  Two  days 
had  to  be  passed  here.  Peddlers  overrun  the  camp, 
with  very  mean  eatables.  Ice  cream  was  eaten  by  the 
pint.  Shoe-blacks  appeared,  and  the  privates  exhibited 
great  dignity  in  employing  them  to  brush  equipments. 


186      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Whiskey  showed  itself  somewhat,  but  not  much. 
Everybody  wondered  what  the  movement  meant ;  and 
nobody  knew.  The  theory  most  favored  was,  that  we 
were  going  down  the  coast. 

But  towards  night,  "Fall  in  ! "  A  mile  or  two  through 
town  took  us  to  a  wharf  where  lay  the  iron  steamer 
"  Merrimack."  It  took  time  to  get  on  board  ;  but  by  and 
by,  the  Second,  the  Third  Wisconsin,  the  Twenty- 
seventh  Indiana,  and  the  hundred  and  something  Ohio, 
were  snugly  (very)  stowed  away.  Other  boats  were 
near,  and  other  troops  embarking.  Once  on  board, 
the  proposals  of  the  purser  as  to  board  made  known 
to  the  officers  that  we  were  bound  for  New  York. 

About  6,  A.M.,  the  boat  started.  Abominably  close 
below,  but  delightful  for  those  who  had  the  fortune  to 
be  on  deck.  The  trip  down  the  river,  the  beautiful 
moonlight  by  and  by,  the  cool,  salt  air,  so  sweet  to  men 
from  the  sultry  Rappahannock, — were  charming;  that 
is,  on  deck. 

The  next  day, — having  passed  by  night  the  junction 
of  the  Chesapeake  with  the  ocean,  no  land  was  in  sight ; 
walked  by  the  "Erricson,"  a  sister  transport;  and  kept 
on  until  Saturday,  when,  nearing  New  York,  the  officers 
appeared  at  breakfast  table,  and  boots  were  blacked, 
and  white  collars  were  displayed.  Then  at  anchor  off 
Governor's  Island ;  and  General  Ruger  reported  to 
General  Canby ;  and  orders  came  ;  and  we  were  landed 
at  the  foot  of  Canal  Street,  North-River  side,  and  left 
the  "Merrimack,"  1,991^  tons,  with  its  two  low-pressure 
engines,  and  seventy-four  life  preservers,  commanded 


JOUENEYINGS.  187 

by  Captain  Sampson,  of  Dedham,  Mass.,  —  a  gentle 
man.  Then  marched  without  music  to  Broadway,  and  to 
City-Hall  Park ;  and  entered  it  by  the  same  gate  as  on 
the  9th  of  July,  1861,  and  stacked  arms  on  the  same 
spot.  But  ah  the  ten  hundred  and  forty  ! 

The  men  were  put  in  the  barracks  on  the  line  of 
Broadway.  The  officers  had  tents.  The  Third  Wis 
consin  was  close  at  hand.  A  battery  was  stationed  east, 
beyond  the  guard.  General  Ruger's  tents  were  pitched 
the  other  side  of  the  path  running  front  of  the  City 
Hall.  The  Twenty-seventh  Indiana  was  down  at  the 
Battery.  All  the  squares  bristled  with  muskets. 

It  was  just  at  the  close  of  the  famous  riots  by  Gov 
ernor  Seymour's  "  friends."  The  Government  was 
determined  that  the  draft  should  proceed,  and  so  it  put 
an  overwhelming  force  into  the  city ;  and  the  draft  did 
proceed.  That  day  everybody  was  in  camp,  and  the 
guns  were  ready. 

Indeed  they  always  were.  Orders  were  extremely 
strict ;  "  Never  out  of  sound  of  the  drum  1 "  in  the  half- 
hour  leaves,  sparingly  given.  But  the  evening  parade 
became  an  institution,  and  drew  great  crowds.  Wives 
came  on  to  see  husbands.  Public  worship  was  held  in 
the  men's  mess-hall,  on  a  Sunday,  by  the  Second, 
and  the  Third  Wisconsin.  Benevolent  people  came,  and 
people  not  benevolent.  A  fortnight  wore  away  in  the 
din  and  hubbub  of  Broadway. 

Then  suddenly,  "Ready  to  move  at  a  moment's 
notice  !  "  Then  to  move  at  3,  P.M.,  and  nobody  to  leave 
camp.  But  the  line  was  formed;  wives  hurried  to 


188      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTKY. 

say  good- by ;  the  drum  corps  gave  the  music,  and 
the  regiment  marched  down  Broadway,  just  at  dark, 
to  the  Battery,  and  the  lighters  took  men  and  horses  — 
and  were  most  all  night  about  it — to  the  iron  propeller 
"  Mississippi,"  on  which  the  Second,  the  Third  Wiscon 
sin,  and  the  Twenty-seventh  Indiana,  found  themselves 
steaming  down  New- York  Bay  when  they  awoke  on  the 
morning  of  the  6th  of  September. 

The  trip  back  again  to  Alexandria  was  like  the  trip 
on,  only  the  men  were  not  so  crowded.  The  weather  was 
beautiful,  and  bivouac  on  deck  was  a  novelty  yet ; 
below,  the  men  found  it  close.  Staten  Island  and  the 
fortifications,  Sandy  Hook,  the  low,  silver-fringed 
Jersey  shore,  —  all  disappeared.  When  Tuesday's  day 
light  appeared,  Cape  Charles  appeared  also,  and  then 
Cape  Henry ;  and  at  evening,  the  light  at  Point  Look 
out,  and  there  we  anchored  until  daylight.  By  two,  P.M.  , 
on  Wednesday,  we  were  opposite  Alexandria,  and  before 
sunset  the  regiment  was  on  its  abominable  old  field 
again. 

The  "Mississippi"  was  twin  sister  to  the  "Mem- 
mack,"  made  on  the  same  plans,  and  had  a  capital  com 
mander,  Captain  Baxter,  of  Hyannis,  Mass.  ;  and  Purser 
Sampson,  who  did  finely.  Speaking  of  pursers,  the 
officers  were  boarded  for  a  dollar  a  meal,  or  five  dollars 
the  trip,  at  their  option.  Going  on,  one  of  ours  chose 
the  latter,  but,  being  sea-sick,  took  only  one  meal  at 
five  dollars.  Eeturning  he  was  wiser,  and  chose  the 
former  arrangement,  but  not  being  sick,  paid  ten 
dollars  for  his  meals.  The  wisest  make  mistakes. 


JOUKNEYINGS.  189 

Expectations  of  being  forwarded  by  rail,  as  other 
troops  of  the  expedition  had  been,  were  disappointed. 
The  day  after  arrival,  at  2,  P.M.,  the  three  regiments 
were  put  on  the  road.  Out  of  Alexandria,  the  country 
was  desolate ;  inhabitants  all  gone,  lines  obliterated, 
houses  destroyed,  —  except  at  Annandale,  a  village  of 
two  houses,  and  a  fine  lot  of  chimnies.  Camped  a  mile 
beyond  that  place.  At  6,  A.M.,  on  the  road,  which  was 
terribly  dusty  ;  a  great  lot  of  fresh  horses,  going  to  the 
army ;  wagon  trains,  with  whose  escort  our  men  got 
into  a  necessary  fight ;  a  long  train  of  sutlers'  wagons 
coming  up  under  escort :  altogether,  it  was  unpleasant. 
Passing  desolate  Fairfax,  half  a  mile  from  Centreville 
found  friends  in  the  Second  Massachusetts  Cavalry,  and 
went  on  to  Bull  Run.  There  being  plenty  of  water 
there,  and  no  water  farther  on,  and  no  haste,  and 
seventeen  miles  having  been  made  that  day,  the  order 
was  of  course,  after  a  rest,  "  Fall  in  !  "  The  regiments 
went  on  three  miles  to  Manassas  Junction,  and  camped 
without  water.  Eeveille  at  4,  A.M.  Chimnies  all 
along  the  road.  At  Bristow,  the  fine  band  of  the 
Thirty-third  Massachusetts  played  for  us.  There  last 
year  we  saw  half  a  mile  of  cars  burned ;  the  (then) 
one  house  WAS  gone.  At 'Kettle  Run,  we  had  wait 
ed  idly  all  day  in  sound  of  the  disastrous  battle  of 
Manassas.  From  that  point  there  was  no  water,  in 
the  intense  heat,  until  Catlett's  was  reached,  where  was 
found  a  little  moist  dirt  to  drink ;  halted  the  column 
half  a  mile  from  the  intended  camp,  so  as  to  get  wet 
by  a  thunder-shower.  The  next  morning  to  Bealeton  ; 


190      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

and  then  on  to  camp  by  Kelley's  Ford,  where  the  Thir 
teenth  New  Jersey  was  drawn  up  in  line,  and  welcomed 
us  all  back,  with  cheers,  to  the  stout  old  Third  Brigade, 
in  the  sound  of  cannonade. 

On  the  15th,  changed  camp ;  but  could  not  change 
the  water,  a  cupful  of  which  would  catch  a  thousand 
wio-o-lers.  On  the  16th,  moved.  The  water  on  the 

ot? 

road  tasted  dead-cat-ish,  but  it  was  clearer.  Crossing 
at  Kelley's  Ford,  following  the  well-remembered  road 
several  miles  in  the  misty  morning,  the  regiment  turned 
eastward  to  Stephensburg,  —  a  decayed  village  four 
miles  east  of  Brandy  Station,  —  and  camped.  From 
a  little  knoll  back  of  camp,  the  outlines  of  a  distant 
hill  were  familiar :  it  was  Cedar  Mountain. 

On  the  17th,  early  on  the  road  :  the  regiment  turned 
to  the  left  in  Stephensburg,  and  made  a  five-mile  march, 
which  had  to  be  very  crooked  to  keep  in  cover  of  the 
woods.  The  enemy  there  had  a  signal-station  on  the 
other  side  of  the  Rapidan.  Halts  were  frequent,  in  line 
of  battle  ;  and  the  fall  flowers  were  in  their  glory.  At 
one  of  the  halts,  came  up  a  savage  thunder-storm  ;  and, 
as  soon  as  the  men  were  thoroughly  wet,  orders  were 
given  to  go  into  camp.  It  rained  severely  all  night, 
and  the  morning  disclosed-  as  thoroughly  soaked  a  set 
as  was  possible.  Changed  camp  two  days  after ;  but 
the  equinoctial  continued.  An  equinoctial  is  not  bad 
at  home;  but  in  the  woods,  with  canvas  which  only 
strained  the  rain,  with  a  little  smouldering  fire  (because 
of  the  enemy) ,  and  the  noise  of  guns  throwing  canister 
at  every  change  of  pickets  by  the  ford,  it  is  not  quite 


JOURNEYINGS.  191 

so  comfortable.  On  the  20th,  orders  to  change  loca 
tion  ;  but,  after  waiting  four  hours,  orders  put  the 
shelters  up  again.  The  brigade  was  the  extreme  left 
of  the  line  of  the  army  ;  and  the  Second  and  the  Third 
Wisconsin  were  kept  at  the  ford,  and  ate  "  White- 
House  Landing"  bread,  which  was  very  active. 

Picket-firing  was  ordered  to  cease ;  and  the  rebels 
stopped  theirs.  A  little  way  from  camp,  their  men 
were  in  plain  sight,  with  some  ugly-looking  earth-works 
on  the  bluff.  They  were  polite  enough  to  turn  out  their 
guard  one  day,  and  salute  our  officer  commanding  the 
picket. 

A  painful  episode  occurred  here.  It  was  the  execu 
tion  of  a  deserter,  a  soldier  of  the  Third  Maryland, 
which  the  whole  division  had  to  witness,  and  with  whom 
the  chaplain  of  the  Second  had  to  be  until  the  last 
moment. 

The  Second  was  picketing  Eaccoon  Ford,  on  the 
Kapidan.  On  Saturday,  September  19,  we  gathered 
around  our  first  autumn  fire,  kept  low.  Eight  days' 
rations  were  kept  on  hand,  —  enough,  that  is,  for  four 
days'  eating.  Suddenly,  the  Second  was  to  leave  Vir 
ginia,  no  more  to  see  it  until  by  Sherman's  victorious 
inarch  it  was  moved  from  its  south  to  its  north  line,  on 
the  way  home. 

But  nobody  knew  that,  when  orders  came  on  the 
24th  to  be  ready  to  move,  and  a  few  hours  after, 
the  troops  did  move.  Silently  and  circuitously  the 
brigade  wound  its  way  out,  found  the  other  brigades 


192      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

and  the  other  division,  passed  a  corps  coming  to 
relieve  the  Twelfth,  passed  through  Stephensburg  to 
Brandy  Station,  —  which  looked  like  railroading,  — 
and,  after  dark,  "turned  in"  all  wagons,  &c.  Then 
it  was  surmised  they  wanted  us  in  Tennessee,  where 
Chickamauga  had  just  been  fought. 

We  bivouacked  at  Brandy  Station ;  where  the  pay 
master  (Major  M.  J.  Stone,  to  whom  we  owe  many 
kindnesses)  appeared,  and  worked  all  night.  We 
saw  another  man  shot  for  desertion  (with  whom  the 
Second's  chaplain,  by  request,  passed  most  of  the 
criminal's  last  night) .  We  shivered  in  the  cold.  And 
on  the  26th,  marched  to  Bealeton ;  shivered  another 
night.  Heard  that  Hooper  was  to  command  the  Elev 
enth  and  Twelfth,  that  General  Slocum  had  asked  to 
be  relieved,  and  that  General  Butterfield  was  to  com 
mand  the  Twefth  Corps,  all  of  .which  made  more  shiv 
ering  than  the  cold  did,  —  though  only  the  first  item 
was  to  be  realized.  On  the  27th,  took  the  cars  for 
westward,  forty  men  to  a  car,  save  field  and  staff. 

We  left  Virginia,  —  left  the  section  whose  roads  had 
been  pressed  by  many  weary  feet,  left  the  graves  of 
our  dead  heroes,  left  the  noble  army  of  Virginia,  not 
to  meet  it  again  until  the  triumphal  days  of  review  in 
Washington. 

Through  Alexandria  ;  through  Washington  ;  at  night 
at  Relay ;  in  the  morning  at  Berlin,  recognizing  the 
scenery  in  the  river  mists  ;  crossed  at  Harper's  Ferry ; 
had  coffee  at  Martinsburg ;  saw  the  first  red  leaves  of 
autumn,  at  Hancock  $  crossed  rivers  and  pierced  tunnels  ; 


JOURNE  YIXGS .  193 

were  cheered  at  Cumberland;  and  on  Tuesday  the 
29th,  were  dropped  at  Benwood;  crossed  the  Ohio  on 
pontoons,  and  on  the  river's  pebbly  bank  made  coffee 
and  munched  hard  bread  (the  Western  hard  bread)  at 
midnight.  In  cars  on  the  Central  Ohio  Road,  at  2, 
A.M.  ;  near  Cambridge  in  the  morning ;  breakfast  at 
Zanesville ;  a  couple  hours  at  Columbus ;  by  the  Co 
lumbus  and  Xenia  Road  to  the  latter  place,  where  in 
the  evening  suddenly  appeared  a  crowd  of  women  and 
girls,  with  great  quantities  of  meat,  potatoes,  eggs, 
milk,  pies,  cake,  and  the  like,  which  they  dealt  out  to 
the  soldiers  lavishly.  "  What  is  to  pay  ?  " — "  Nothing  : 
we  are  not  Vallandigham  people.  "  The  soldiers  left 
with  rousing  cheers  for  the  frank,  warm-hearted,  and 
handsome  Xenia  girls.  Passing  Dayton,  at  noon  next 
day  were  at  Indianapolis ;  left  at  6,  P.M.,  on  the  Jeffer 
son  ville  Railway,  and  reached  the  Ohio  at  half-past  5, 
A.M.  ;  crossed  on  a  queer  and  aged  ferry-boat ;  in 
Louisville,  found  bread,  meat,  and  coffee,  at  the  "  Sol 
diers'  Rest,"  where  the  Sanitary  Commission  had 
reached  out  one  of  its  long  arms ;  hurried  through 
Kentucky,  and  reached  Nashville  half  an  hour  after 
midnight  on  Saturday  morning ;  wound  round  the  knoll 
on  which  the  marble  Capitol  was  shining  in  the  moon 
light  ;  after  a  couple  of  hours  in  changing  trains,  moved 
southward;  were  near  Stone-River  battle-ground  at 
daybreak;  and  half  an  hour  after  midnight,  Sunday 
morning,  were  tumbled  out  of  the  cars  on  a  plain 
between  the  hills,  at  Stevenson ;  and,  after  seven  days' 

continuous  journey,  and  a  passage  of  eleven  hundred 

13 


194      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

and    seventy-eight   miles,    bivouacked   on   the    soil    of 
Alabama. 

The  Second  had  won  its  fame  in  the  armies  of  the 
East :  it  was  henceforth  to  make  itself  a  name  in  the 
armies  of  the  West. 


UP   AND    DOWN    THE    RAILWAY.  195 


XVI. 

UP  AND   DOWN   THE  RAILWAY. 

IN  Alabama.  The  Eleventh  Corps,  just  before  the 
Twelfth  on  the  road,  was  about  Bridgeport ;  the 
Twelfth,  or  part  of  it,  at  Stevenson.  Both  were  under 
General  Hooker. 

Notwithstanding  the  disasters  of  the  battle  of  Chick- 
amauga,  saved  by  the  indomitable  sturdiness  of  General 
Thomas,  General  Rosecrans  had  so  far  attained  his 
object  as  to  occupy  Chattanooga.  But  his  force  was 
less  than  that  of  the  enemy.  He  was  closely  confined 
in  Chattanooga,  the  rebels  holding  Mission  Ridge  on 
the  east,  and  Lookout  Mountain  on  the  west.  His 
river  and  road  communication  with  Bridgeport  was  cut 
off.  His  wagons  had  to  come  over  a  long  and  hard 
mountain  road,  and  across  the  river.  The  railway  from 
Nashville  to  Bridgeport,  by  which  all  his  supplies  must 
come,  was  exceedingly  insecure.  Therefore  the  Eleventh 
and  Twelfth  Corps  found  themselves  under  Rosecrans. 

It  was  on  Sunday  morning,  Oct.  4,  1863,  that  the 
Second,  after  a  few  hours'  sleep  in  the  low  ground  near 
the  station,  shook  off  the  heavy  dew.  At  ten  o'clock,  it 
was  called  to  the  station  again.  The  enemy  had  come 


196      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

up  through  the  mountain  passes,  and  cut  the  road  over 
which  the  Second  had  passed.  At  the  station,  a 
sentinel  saw  an  orderly  coming  in  advance  of  the  regi 
ment  :  the  star  (the  badge  of  the  corps)  attracted  his 
attention,  and  he  presented  arms.  As  others,  servants 
and  the  like,  came  on,  he  continued  to  salute.  The 
regiment  came  ;  and  the  sentinel,  seeing  that  all  wore 
stars,  brought  down  his  piece  in  disgust.  "They  are  all 
brigadier-generals,"  said  he.  Corps-badges  were  then 
new  to  the  Western  armies. 

The  brigade  was  going  back  to  open  the  road ;  and 
by  railway  to  Decherd.  It  was  thirty  miles  to  that 
place.  The  road  was  a  curiosity.  Leading  through  a 
range  of  hills,  it  was  built  with  considerable  contempt 
of  levels.  It  took  three  engines  (one  coming  out  of  a 
siding  to  help)  to  get  up  one  steep  hill,  and  much  time 
to  get  the  three  to  pull  together.  There  were  deep  cuts 
in  the  blue  limestone,  a  tunnel  of  2,228  feet  in  length, 
and  one  grade  of  127  feet  to  the  mile.  The  stone  often 
seemed  ready,  by  the  great  cracks,  to  tumble  into  the 
cuts.  In  the  dark  tunnel,  "Never  mind,  boys," 
shouted  one,  "there's  daylight  ahead." 

At  Decherd,  it  was  learned  that  the  rebels,  ten  thou 
sand  strong,  had  occupied  McMinnville,  —  a  little  town 
ten  miles  off,  at  the  end  of  a  branch  railway.  The  next 
afternoon,  the  regiment  was  moved  by  rail  to  Alisonia, 
at  the  crossing  of  Elk  River, — a  town  of  one  house. 
Learned  that  the  rebels  had  cut  the  railway  above,  and 
that  they  were  eighteen  hundred  strong.  Out  of 
rations,  and  the  men  got  some  from  the  regiments  near 


UP   AND    DOWN    THE    RAILWAY.  197 

by.  There  was  a  difference  in  regiments :  Middle 
States'  soldiers  drove  a  brisk  trade  with  the  hungry 
men ;  when  the  Michigan  men  were  offered  pay,  "Look 
here,  stranger,"  was  the  indignant  reply,  "do  you 
think  we're  mean  enough  to  take  pay  for  a  little  bread 
and  pork?"  On  Tuesday,  the  expected  cars  did  not 
come,  and  the  regiments  marched  to  Tullahoma,  eight 
miles  above.  As  the  train  with  the  horses  was  on  the 
upper  side  of  the  break,  officers  and  men  were  alike  on 
foot.  At  Tullahoma,  the  Second  had  settled  down, 
when,  about  ten,  P.M.,  a  train  came  along  in  which 
there  was  room  for  half  a  regiment  more.  Some 
General  on  the  train  ordered  half  of  the  Second  in. 
Most  of  the  cars  were  platforms,  and  it  came  oh  to  rain. 
The  conductor,  brakeman,  &c.,  went  into  their  part  of 
the  cars,  and  went  to  bed.  The  General  went  in,  too. 
They  waked  up  about  four,  A.M.  ;  and  the  train  went  on 
to  near  a  burnt  bridge,  on  a  branch  of  Duck  River,  which 
put  a  stop  to  progress.  Then  it  was  learned  that  the 
rebels  numbered  fifteen  thousand,  with  eighteen  pieces 
of  artillery. 

It  was  necessary  to  clean  out  the  road  by  troops 
moving  on  each  side.  The  Second  (excepting  the 
companies  left  under  Major  Francis  near  Tullahoma) 
was  started  on  the  left,  and  went  first  to  Shelbyville,  to 
catch  rebel  cavalry  which  had  left  that  town  ten  hours 
before  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  begin  its  march. 
The  road  was  often  through  magnificent  groves  of  beech, 
oak,  cedar,  or  walnut.  From  Shelbyville,  a  pretty 
town,  the  road  soon  became  a  partly-built  pike,  — 


198      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

some  of  it,  swamp  ;  some,  with  heaps  of  broken  stone  ; 
some,  with  the  stone  levelled  off;  and,  at  last,  a  four- 
foot  tumble  in  the  dark,  where  they  meant  to  build  a 
bridge  some  day.  At  last,  the  troops  were  turned  into 
a  wood,  candles  were  lighted,  arms  stacked,  and  shelters 
pitched  in  the  rain,  —  after  eighteen  miles' marching. 
At  five,  A.M.,  Oct.  8,  moved  on  two  miles  to 
Bellbuckle,  a  railway  station ;  and  ten  more  to  Chris 
tiana,  another  station  ;  having  drawn  part  rations  at 
Bellbuckle,  cut  down  by  General  Rosecrans,  of  neces 
sity. 

At  Christiana,  facts  dispersed  the-  previous  rumors. 
The  rebels  had  actually  numbered  four  thousand  men, 
with  six  or  seven  pieces  of  artillery.  They  had  cut 
the  road  at  Grierson's  Creek  (a  mile  below  Wartrace) , 
at  Christiana,  and  near  Murfreesborough.  Our  pursuing 
cavalry  had  captured  two  guns  and  two  hundred 
prisoners. 

On  Friday  evening,  Oct. .  9,  the  road  broken  on 
Monday  had  been  repaired,  and  three  bridges  built ; 
and  the  trains  came  through  amidst  cheers.  So,  early 
Saturday  morning,  the  regiment  started  back  towards 
Tullahoma.  At  evening,  it  was  tangled  up  with  a  brook 
called  Crooked  Eun.  After  going  through  it  eleven 
times,  —  being  marched  twenty-three  miles,  —  turned 
into  a  sorghum  field.  On  the  road  next  day,  and  went 
through  Crooked  Run  sixteen  times  more  before  sunrise  ; 
wound  up  out  of  the  valley  mists  at  last,  and  soon 
reached  Tullahoma  ;  and  then  to  Alisonia  the  same  day, 
to  get  ready  for  a  powerful  rain-storm. 


UP   AND    DOWN   THE    RAILWAY.  199 

Twelve  clays  passed,  guarding  Elk-river  Bridge 
with  the  Third  Wisconsin,  a  colored  regiment  (which 
was  a  trusty  one) ,  and  a  something  New  York.  Across 
the  river  was  Estell  Springs,  so  named  from  Doctor 
Estell,  who  owned  some  springs,  and  laid  Dut  lots  on 
which  Southern  people  built  board  shanties,  and  used  to 
live  in  awhile  in  -the  summer.  "  They  purtended  it  was 
for  their  health,"  said  a  solitary  resident.  "But  it  was  to 
git  shet  o'  ther  time ;  and  they  didn't  else  know  how 
to  git  shet  o'  ther  money."  The  springs  remained, 
—  one  "  kollee-by-it ;  "  and  thr.ee  others  welling  out 
within  two  feet  of  each  other, — sulphur,  lime,  and  pure 
water. 

On  the  19th  of  October,  General  Kosecrans  was 
relieved  from  command,  and  General  George  H. 
Thomas,  an  old  acquaintance  in  Patterson's  Campaign, 
took  command  of  the  Department  of  the  Cumberland. 
Comfortable  huts  had  been  built.  But  the  regiment 
went  beechnutting,  down  to  Anderson.  That  is,  that 
was  the  result. 

Hooker  was  to  clean  out  the  south  side  of  the  Ten 
nessee,  from  Bridgeport  to  the  western  base  of  Lookout 
Mountain.  He  was  ordered  to  concentrate  the  Eleventh 
Corps  and  one  division  of  the  Twelfth,  at  Bridgeport. 
On  the  23d,  the  regiment  reached  Decherd ;  on  the 
24th,  Tantallon  ;  and  on  the  25th,  Anderson.  Ander 
son  was  a  station,  but  no  town.  Mr.  Anderson  lived 
there,  who  owned  five  or  six  miles  of  valley  and  several 
mountains ;  it  was  Big  Crow-creek  Valley,  which 
bore  excellent  corn,  the  horses  (they  had  got  along) 


200      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

thought.  Bivouacked  in  a  beautiful  beech  wood,  and 
gathered  nuts  from  crops  inexhaustible.  Saw  brooks 
coming  out  of  hills,  and  walked  into  caves.  It  was  the 
old  Creek  country.  Big  Crow  was  a  "  big  Indian." 

A  variety  of  orders  came :  it  took  some  time  to 
untangle  the  snarl,  but  it  was  at  last  settled  that  there 
were  too  many  troops,  and  our  brigade  was  sent  back. 
The  Second  Division  went  on,  and  took  part  in  the 
*  beautiful  clearing-Tip  of  the  south  bank  of  the  Ten 
nessee,  in  which,  on  the  28th,  occurred  the  battle  of 
Wauhatchie,  in  which  Colonel  Underwood,  of  the 
Thirty-third  Massachusetts,  was  so  severely  wounded. 
So,  on  the  26th,  faced  northward ;  re-crossed  the 
mountain  by  the  same  abominable  road,  which  a  native 
said  had  not  been  used  since  the  railway  was  opened  : 
it  was  a  succession  of  sharp  ledges.  Camped  at  Cowan 
—  twenty  minutes.  Then  orders  came  by  telegraph  to 
take  the  train ;  orders,  half  an  hour  later,  to  march 
instead,  but  fortunately  the  promptness  of  the  Second 
had  got  ahead  of  the  orders.  At  Bellbuckle,  the  engine 
gave  out;  about  two,  A.M.,  "Another  engine  is  just 
coming."  The  Second  was  too  old  to  be  caught  that 
way,  made  its  coffee,  lay  down  to  sleep  by  the  road, 
and  waked  in  the  morning  to  find  that  the  other  engine 
was  still  "just  coming. "4  Marched  on,  —  horses  back 
at  Cowan,  —  and  reached  Christiana  before  the  engine 
which  was  "just  coming." 

There  was  a  remarkably  mean  camp  there,  which 
some  slovenly  regiment  had  left.  The  Second  tore  it 
all  down,  and  built  a  new  one.  They  tore  down  a  house 


UP  AND  DOWN  THE  RAILWAY.         201 

or  two  besides,  without  building  them  up.  Company 
C,  Captain  Brown,  was  stationed  a  few  miles  up  the 
road,  with  Assistant-surgeon  Nichols.  So  soon  as 
camp  was  comfortably  finished,  somebody  concluded  to 
shift  the  troops  round  "  to  bring  into  juxtaposition  the 
scattered  parts  of "  some  brigade,  —  which  they  might 
have  thought  of  a  fortnight  before,  and  so  saved  seventy 
miles  of  marching.  On  the  6th  of  November,  the 
regiment  moved ;  left  a  fine  camp  to  a  set  of  as  mean 
substitutes  for  a  regiment  as  could  be  found  ;  stopped 
at  Bellbuckle  one  night,  and  below  Normandy  another ; 
and  on  the  8th  were  back  at  Elk  River  to  find  the  old 
huts  gone,  and  to  ransack  the  neighboring  territory  for 
materials  for  more.  The  search  proved  successful,  and 
huts  were  built  by  the  side  of  the  fortifications  command 
ing  Elk-river  Bridge,  which  the  guns  of  the  Second 
Kentucky  Battery  occupied.  Company  C,  Captain 
Brown,  was  across  the  river,  in  one  of  the  block-houses 
which  were  now  built  at  points  on  the  road  from  Nash 
ville  to  Chattanooga,  and  Companies  I  and  E,  Captain 
Grafton,  and  Lieut.  Perkins,  were  afterwards  stationed 
near  Company  C. 

Thanksgiving  Day  came  round,  Nov.  26.  Fifty  men, 
under  Quartermaster  Sawyer,  went  out  earlier ;  and,  at 
a  distance  of  fifteen  miles,  procured  plenty  of  the 
necessaries  of  that  day.  The  men's  dinner  was  in  this 
ratio,  —  to  every  hundred  men,  fourteen  geese,  four 
turkeys,  and  forty  chickens,  besides  a  few  quails,  a  pig, 
and  some  plum  puddings.  The  brigade  band  (embrac 
ing  part  of  the  old  regimental  band  which  left  Sept.  8, 


202      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFAXTKY. 

1862,  discharged  by  act  of  Congress)  got  tired  of 
waiting  for  the  train,  footed  it  home  to  the  Second 
over  eight  miles  of  road,  and  furnished  beautiful  music. 
Public  worship  was  held  as  usual.  The  officers  of  the 
Second,  and  those  of  the  Second  Kentucky  Battery, 
fraternized  in  the  evening. 

In  December,  1863,  the  proposal  of  re-enlistment 
came  before  the  regiment.  It  met  with  a  favorable 
response.  Many  men  could  not  re-enlist.  Some  were 
too  much  enfeebled  by  the  hardships  of  war;  to  which, 
the  age  of  some  added  another  objection.  Some  could 
no  longer  with  reason  leave  their  families.  But  a 
sufficient  number  re-enlisted  to  secure  the  continuance 
of  the  Second. 

Towards  this  end,  the  valuable  assistance  of  Rev. 
Thomas  B.  Fox,  of  Boston,  contributed.  Governor 
Andrew,  solicitous  for  the  comfort  of  the  Massachusetts 
soldiers,  sent  this  gentleman,  as  a  special  agent  in  behalf 
of  the  State,  to  its  regiments  in  Tennessee  and  Georgia, 
and  soldiers  in  hospitals,  as  had  been  before  done  to  the 
regiments  in  the  East.  He  reached  the  camp  of 
the  Second  on  the  28th  of  December,  1863.  On  the 
next  day  but  one,  he  addressed  the  regiment,  which  was 
drawn  up  on  three  sides  of  a  square.  In  an  address 
of  wonderful  beauty,  completeness,  and  eloquence,  he 
brought  the  assurance  of  remembrance  at  home. 
When  he  who  had  given  three  sons  to  the  army 
alluded  to  the  one  who  had  fallen  in  the  line  of  the 
Second  at  Gettysburg,  tears  wet  the  cheeks  of  the  hardy 


UP   AND    DOWN   THE    RAILWAY.  203 

soldiery.  Going  on  to  Chattanooga,1  he  was  able  to 
materially  expedite  the  arrangements  by  which  the  Sec 
ond  was  to  be  continued,  and  its  re-enlisted  men  were 
to  be  sent  home  for  the  promised  thirty  days'  furlough ; 
and  telegraphed  the  result  to  Colonel  Cogswell.  The 
re-enlistments  dated  from  Dec.  31 ;  and  the  Second 
was  henceforth  the  SECOND  EEGIMENT  OF  MASSACHU 
SETTS  VETERAN  VOLUNTEERS.  It  had  earned  the 
title. 


1  At  Lookout  Mountain,  Mr.  Fox  met  a  soldier  of  the  Twelfth  Wiscon 
sin.  In  conversation,  he  asked  him  if  he  knew  the  Third  Wisconsin. 
"  Yes,  one  of  our  officers  came  from  that  regiment."  — "  Perhaps,  then,  you 
heard  of  the  Second  Massachusetts."— "Heard  of  it?  Yes.  That  and  the 
Third  Wisconsin  make  one  regiment,  and  every  man  in  them  is  fit  to 
command  the  whole." 


204      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 


XVII. 

HOME    AND   BACK. 

Ox  the  9th  of  January,  1864,  the  orders  came  to  go 
to  Massachusetts.  The  men  who  remained  behind  were 
moved  to  Tullahoma.  The  re-enlisted  men,  temporarily 
consolidated  into  five  companies,  on  the  10th  of  Janu 
ary  took  cars  at  Estell  Springs,  and  reached  Nashville 
on  a  cold  night  about  eleven  o'clock.  The  men  were 
placed  in  Zollicoffer  building,  a  dirty  and  disgusting 
place ;  and  the  field  and  staff  found  it  hard  to  get  any 
shelter  even  for  the  night.  Possibly  some  of  the 
officers  will  remember  the  Donegana.  Further  trans 
portation  was  not  provided  until  the  13th,  when  in 
the  morning  the  trains  started ;  had  the  usual  delays ; 
reached  Louisville  at  dawn ;  marched  by  way  of  New 
Albany  to  Jeffersonville  to  be  ready  at  two,  P.M.,  and  to 
go  at  nine,  P.M.  ;  reached  Henryville  at  eleven,  P.M.,  and 
there  waited,  by  reason  of  some  stupid  blunderer,  until 
the  next  forenoon  ;  went  on  to  Indianapolis  ;  to  Crest 
line  ;  to  Cleveland ;  to  Buffalo  ;  to  Albany ;  crossed 
the  Hudson  on  the  ice,  and  reached  Boston  about  five 
o'clock,  Jan.  19th. 

Crowded  throngs  were  waiting ;  but  at  that  late  hour 


HOME   AND    BACK.  205 

the   reception  was    deferred,   and   cheers    accompanied 
the  men  to  the  barracks  in  Beach  Street. 

That  morning,  the  "  Boston  Advertiser"  had  said  :  — 

"  Among  the  old  regiments  re-enlisting,  and  returning  home 
upon  furlough,  we  learn  that  the  Second  Massachusetts  may 
be  expected  to  arrive,  —  perhaps  to-day.  It  will  be  with  thin 
ranks,  that  this  regiment  will  return  to  our  streets,  through 
which  we  saw  it  march  thirty  months  ago  with  full  numbers, 
and  with  all  the  brilliancy  of  a  holiday  parade.  But  what  a 
glorious  history  has  meanwhile  been  inscribed  upon  its  colors  ! 

"  The  Second  Massachusetts  was  the  first  volunteer  regiment 
raised  for  the  three  years'  service.  The  gentlemen  who  raised 
it,  prominent  among  whom  was  the  lamented  Dwight,  secured 
the  permission,  during  the  dark  days  which  followed  the  attack 
upon  Surater ;  and  the  regiment  marched  on  the  8th  of  July 
following.  Its  first  opportunity  to  show  its  quality  was  in 
covering  the  retreat  of  General  Banks  from  his  advanced 
position  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  in  May,  1862;  when  the 
good  discipline  and  steady  conduct  of  this  regiment  was 
chiefly  instrumental  in  saving  the  retreating  force  from  over 
whelming  disaster.  Seventeen  killed,  forty-seven  wounded, 
and  eighty-four  missing,  was  the  price  then  laid  down  by  this 
devoted  corps  for  the  safety  of  the  army.  At  the  unfortunate 
battle  of  Cedar  Mountain,  in  August  following,  this  regiment 
met  the  brunt  of  the  fight,  and  lost  thirty-four  killed,  one 
hundred  and  twenty  wounded,  and  thirty-one  missing;  the 
killed  including  six  officers,  —  the  noble  Savage  there  meeting 
his  mortal  wound,  —  and  only  eight,  out  of  twenty-two  offi 
cers,  returning  unhurt.  At  the  turning  of  the  tide  of  war  at 
Antietam,  in  September,  the  regiment  bore  a  distinguished 
part,  losing  thirteen  killed,  fifty-four  wounded,  and  but  two 
missing.  Here  the  gallant  Dwight  laid  down  his  life  cheer 
fully  and  nobly.  At  Chancellorsville,  the  determined  gallan 
try  and  solid  discipline  of  the  regiment  gained  for  it  the 
commendation  of  General  Hooker  in  General  Orders,  —  twen- 


206  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFAKTEY. 

ty-five  killed  telling  the  story  of  its  conduct.  At  Gettysburg,  it 
•was  once  more  the  fortune  of  this  regiment  to  meet  the  enemy 
at  one  of  the  turning-points  of  the  war.  Five  color-bearers 
were  laid  low,  one  after  the  other :  of  two  hundred  and  fifty 
men,  twenty-one  (including  four  officers,  among  whom  was  the 
youthful  but  heroic  Mudge)  were  killed ;  and  many  wounded, 
and  few  missing,  again  told  the  tale  of  steady  valor.  The 
regiment  now  belongs  to  the  army  of  Grant. 

"  Such  a  story  is  common-place  enough  upon  paper,  but  it  is 
nevertheless  a  remarkable  chapter  in  the  annals  of  military 
and  patriotic  devotion.  Of  thirty-six  officers  who  left  Boston 
with  the  regiment,  but  six  will  return  with  it.  D wight, 
Savage,  Abbott,  Mudge,  Gary,  Goodwin,  Williams,  Robeson, 
and  Perkins,  with  Fitzgerald,  Fox,  and  Stone,  have  fallen 
nobly  at  the  head  of  their  men ;  while  Sedgwick  and  Shaw, 
who  were  among  those  who  first  marched  forth  with  the  regi 
ment  to  the  field,  have  also  fallen,  —  one  at  Antietam,  and  the 
other  on  the  parapet  of  Wagner.  And,  of  the  unnamed 
heroes  of  the  ranks,  what  nobler  record  can  there  be  than 
that  of  Antietam  and  Gettysburg,  where,  with  a  frightful  loss 
in  killed  and  wounded,  but  an  insignificant  fraction  is  set  down 
as  '  missing '  ?  These  are  the  men  who  are  shot  down  in  their 
places,  but  who  neither  surrender  as  prisoners,  nor  straggle. 
It  is  no  invidious  detraction  from  the  honor  of  other  regi 
ments  to  say,  that,  with  perhaps  one  exception,  the  Second 
has  been  unequalled  among  the  Massachusetts  regiments  for 
its  cool  endurance  and  steady  conduct  under  the  hottest  fire. 

"  We  hope  that  when  this  gallant  band  marches  through  our 
streets,  the  citizens  of  Boston  will  give  them  a  hearty  wel 
come.  Let  the  same  enthusiasm  which  encouraged  them  at 
their  departure  welcome  and  cheer  the  returning  veterans ! 
The  colors  which  they  bear  have  been  bathed  in  the  blood  of 
the  sons  of  Massachusetts  time  and  again,  but  never,  dishon 
ored.  The  staff  has  been  shot  away  in  the  hands  of  the 
standard-bearer,  but  the  ensign  has  never  trailed  in  disgrace. 


HOME   AND   BACK.  207 

The  men  who  return  are  the  companions  of  those  whose 
memory  is  counted  among  the  dearest  of  our  treasures :  they 
are  themselves  scarred  and  worn  from  a  hundred  gallant 
fights ;  and  yet  they  come  to  us,  not  to  lay  down  their  arms, 
as  they  might  with'  honor,  but  to  prepare  for  a  return  to  their 
country's  service  for  a  new  term,  and  for  other  fields  yet  to 
come,  in  which  they  will  preserve  the  lustre  of  their  past 
renown  undimmed.  Let  our  streets  ring  with  cheers,  let  the 
national  colors  stream  out  once  more ;  and  let  us  prove  to 
these  men,  and  all  who  are  ready  to  imitate  their  deeds,  that 
this  city  knows  how  to  be  grateful  for  patriotic  service,  and 
how  to  honor  a  gallant  and  persistent  devotion  to  duty !  " 

The  reception  took  place  upon  the  next  day.  It  fully 
showed,  that  the  words  of  the  "Advertiser"  represented 
the  popular  heart.1  Leaving  Beach-street  Barracks  at 

1  Among  the  tokens  of  the  estimation  of  the  regiment  in  one  class  of 
citizens  was  the  following.  It  was  not  carried  far,  because  meeting  with 
universal  approval. 

"  We,  the  undersigned,  wishing  to  give  the  Second  Regiment  a  hearty 
welcome,  agree  to  close  our  stores  between  the  hours  of  11.30,  A.M.,  and  1, 
P.M.,  to-day :  — 

DENNY,  RICE,  &  Co.  GAY.  RANDALL,  &  Co. 

GARDNER,  DEXTER,  &  Co.  PARKER,  WILDER,  &  Co. 

F.  SKINNER  &  Co.  BARNES,  MEKKIAM,  £  Co. 

FROTHINGHAM  &  Co.  DRESSER,  STEVENS,  &  Co. 

J.  C.  HOWE  &  Co.  BURR  BROTHERS  &  Co. 

CHAS.  AMORY  &  Co.  WELLINGTON  BKOTHERS  &  Co. 

MACKINTOSH,  GREEN,  &  HORTON.  STONE,  WOOD,  &  Co. 

BURRAGE  BROTHERS  &  Co.  E.  ALLEN  &  Co. 

EDWARDS,  NICHOLS,  £  RICHARDS.  PIERCE  BROTHERS  &  Co. 

FAULKNER,  KIMBALL,  &  Co.  ORDWAY,  TEBBETTS,  &  Co. 

WASHBURN,  WELCH,  &  CARR.  WOODMAN,  HORSWELL,  &  Co. 

J.  C.  CONVERSE  &  Co.  ALLEN,  LANE,  &  Co. 

WILSON,  HAMILTON,  &  Co.  E.  0.  TUFTS  &  Co. 

J.  C.  BURRAGE  &  Co.  WILKINSON,  LAMB,  &  Co. 

JORDAN,  MARSH,  &  Co.  —  SMITH.  GROSS,  DANIELS,  &  Co! 

ANDERSON,  HEATH,  &  Co.  DALE  BROTHERS  £  Co. 
SWEETSER,  SWAN,  £  BLODGETT. 


208      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

nine,  A.M.,  under  the  escort  of  the  Cadets,  the  regiment 
passed  through  dense  and  enthusiastic  throngs.  The 
route  led  to  Washington  Street,  Boylston,  Arlington, 
Beacon,  Court,  and  State  Streets  to  Faneuil  Hall. 
Flags  were  displayed  everywhere.  Balconies  and  win 
dows  were  filled  with  ladies.  Tumultuous  cheers 
accompanied  the  men  the  whole  distance.  In  State 
Street,  the  dense  mass  of  warm-hearted  citizens  ren 
dered  it  almost  impassable. 
Said  the  "  Boston  Post "  :  — 

"  The  reception  of  the  regiment  yesterday  was  all  that  ad 
miration  and  gratitude  could  inspire.  The  huzzas  that  greeted 
the  appearance  of  the  veterans  were  no  'unmeaning  vocife 
rations,  but  heartfelt,  ejaculations.  Hats  were  raised  as  they 
passed  ;  and  "  God  bless  you,  brave  men  !  "  were  words  uttered 
from  many  lips.  Citizens  of  all  classes  and  ages  were  eager 
to  express  their  joy  at  the  sight  of  the  noble  soldiers  who 
have  participated  in  so  many  deadly  strifes,  battling  for  their 
country." 

Of  the  greeting  at  Faneuil  Hall,  the  "Advertiser" 
gave  the  following  account :  — 

A  grand  reception  by  the  State  and  City  authorities  and  our 
citizens  was  given,  Wednesday,  to  the  gallant  veterans  of  the 
Second  Regiment,  which  arrived  in  this  city  on  Tuesday 
night. 

Faneuil  Hall  was  rather  more  decorated  than  on  Sunday : 
there  was  a  handsome  addition  on  each  side  of  the  clock,  con 
sisting  of  the  State  arms  and  shield :  the  galleries  were  also 
trimmed  with  streamers.  As  the  Governor  and  staff,  accom 
panied  by  Major-General  Burnside  and  several  invited  guests, 
entered,  the  band  performed  "  Hail  to  the  chief ! "  On  the 
platform  was  the  Mayor  and  many  distinguished  gentlemen. 


HOME    AND   BACK.  209 

Mayor  Lincoln  presided,  and  by  his  invitation  Rev.  Dr. 
Lothrop  asked  the  divine  blessing  upon  the  assembly.  Mayor 
Lincoln  then  said,  that,  without  asking  permission  of  the  com 
mander,  he  would  order  the  veterans  to  relieve  the  tables  of 
their  load,  an  order  which  was  immediately  carried  into 
execution. 

After  the  dinner  was  over,  the  Mayor  rose,  and  spoke  as 
follows :  — 

"  Mr.  Commander  and  Soldiers,  Veterans  of  the  Second 
Regiment,  —  I  consider  it  one  of  the  happiest  circumstances 
of  my  official  career,  that  I  have  the  privilege  of  welcoming 
you  and  your  honored  command  to-day  to  Faneuil  Hall.  The 
City  Council  of  Boston,  appreciating  your  past  services  in 
behalf  of  the  national  cause,  have  desired,  by  the  entertain 
ment  which  has  been  prepared  for  you,  to  give  an  expression 
of  the  feeling  of  our  people  now  that  you  have  returned  to 
your  homes.  The  reputation  which  you  have  already  acquired 
claims  our  admiration ;  but  the  welcome  which  you  received 
is  not  confined  to  personal  acquaintances  or  neighbors,  but  is 
shared,  I  can  assure  you,  by  the  whole  community.  Starting 
from  Boston  as  one  of  the  earliest  regiments  of  the  war,  our 
citizens  have  always  watched  your  career  with  interest,  taking 
a  part,  first,  in  the  fortunes  of  the  Army  of  Virginia ;  then,  with 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac ;  and  recently  in  the  Department  of 
the  West. 

"  You  have  always  sustained  the  name  and  fair  fame  of  Mas 
sachusetts,  and  she  will  never  forget  your  services.  I  must 
confess  to  you,  that  some  of  us,  who  have  remained  at  home 
when  the  country  needed  our  services,  have  a  little  feeling  of 
envy  at  the  noble  position  which  you  have  won  for  yourselves. 
Too  many  of  us  have  come  far  short  of  the  true  stature  of  a 
man  in  this  crisis  of  our  nation's  history,  but  we  do  not  forget 
the  homage  due  to  those  who  have  filled  to  the  full  measure  all 
the  requirements  which  every  citizen  owes  to  his  country.  It 
does  not  become  me  at  this  time  to  recount  the  number  of 

14 


210      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

your  engagements,  or  to  speak  of  the  fields  where  your  valor 
has  been  tested ;  but  my  duty  is  simply  to  introduce  to  you  His 
Excellency  the  Governor,  who  will  formally,  in  behalf  of  our 
honored  Commonwealth,  tender  you  that  welcome  which  your 
merits  and  patriotic  services  deserve." 

Governor  Andrew  stepped  forward,  and  was  greeted  with 
great  applause  and  cheers.  He  spoke  as  follows :  — 

"  Mr.  Commander,  Officers,  and  Men  of  the  veteran  and  gal 
lant  Second  Massachusetts,  —  Many  a  time  and  oft  have  the 
airs  of  Boston  reverberated  the  shouts  and  the  plaudits  of 
the  people  of  Massachusetts.  Many  a  time  and  oft,  during 
the  long  and  great  history  of  the  Commonwealth,  —  in  which 
Boston  has  always  borne  a  part,  grand  and  conspicuous, — 
have  the  arches  of  this  venerable  hall  re-echoed  the  shouts  of 
freemen ;  but  never  on  an  occasion  more  full  of  pathos,  more 
touching  to  the  heart,  more  inspiring  to  the  hopeful  patriotism 
of  American  citizens.  How  inadequate,  Mr.  Commander,  is 
all  human  speech  for  an  occasion  like  this !  A  hundred  thou 
sand  voices,  speaking  from  the  heart  of  a  million  of  people, 
have  already  welcomed  these  veteran  soldiers  of  our  Union 
cause.  How  little  it  is  to  say  to  the  soldier  who  for  three 
years  has  perilled  his  life  for  his  country,  that  we  thank  him 
for  the  sacrifice ;  that  we  are  grateful  for  the  proffered  offering 
of  his  life,  if  God  chose  to  accept  it ;  that  we  prize  his 
heroism,  and  will  for  ever  praise  his  patriotic  valor ! 

"  If  words  were  deeds,  and  deeds  of  men  were  the  acts  of 
Titans  or  demigods,  they  would  be  all  too  weak  for  such  a 
day  as  this.  Two  hundred  and  twenty-two  Massachusetts 
men,  officers  and  soldiers  of  the  Second  Regiment  of  Volun 
teers,  after  nearly  three  years  of  constant,  active,  and  devoted 
participation  in  all  there  is  of  peril,  of  exposure,  and  of  valiant 
daring  in  the  field,  return  to  resume,  for  a  few  days  only,  the 
occupation  of  their  homes,  in  order  that  with  refreshed  hearts 
and  re-invigorated  frames  and  recruited  ranks  they  may 
march  once  more  to  the  final  crushing  of  the  rebellion. 


HOME   AND   BACK.  211 

"  Mr.  Commander  and  the  Men  of  Second,  the  record  of 
your  fame  is  the  delineation  of  your  character.  On  the  18th 
day  of  July,  1861,  you  marched  from  this  very  city  of  Boston, 
bound  for  the  fields  of  war,  one  thousand  and  forty -six 
strong.  To-day,  you  march  through  the  streets  of  Boston  two 
hundred  and  twenty-two  men,  who,  almost  all  of  them  of  the 
original  one  thousand  and  forty-six  who  marched  at  the  begin 
ning,  have  re-enlisted  themselves  anew  for  the  war. 

"  Men  may  praise  the  nobleness  of  the  act,  but  only  God 
can  adequately  bless  the  patriotic  offering.  To  know  how 
bravely  and  how  well  your  work  has  been  done,  one  needs  to 
peruse  the  records  of  your  carpp  life,  beginning  in  Roxbury, 
and  to  follow  your  course  along  the  upper  Potomac,  down  the 
valley  of  Virginia,  back  to  Fredericksburg,  over  to  Antietam, 
and  down  to  Kentucky  and  Tennessee ;  for,  wherever  you 
marched,  you  left  a  record  of  your  glory  behind  you. 

"  While  history  has  a  page,  there  shall  be  preserved,  to  be 
read  of  Americans  during  the  great  and  long  hereafter,  the 
story  of  the  Massachusetts  Second  covering  the  retreat  of 
the  army  as  they  passed  up  the  valley  of  Virginia  in  the 
actions  of  Winchester. 

"  Men  can  never  cease  to  remember  the  action  of  the  Second 
lUlassachusetts  in  that  trial  battle  of  Gettysburg,  where  this 
sacred  flag  [the  national  ensign  was  here  taken  hold  of  and 
waved  by  the  speaker  amid  vociferous  cheers],  now  torn  to 
rags  by  shot  and  shell,  was  the  ensign  you  followed,  and  never 
deserted,  but  carried  on  to  victory. 

"  The  noble  standard-bearer  who  bore  it  fell  by  the  bullet 
of  the  enemy.  He  kissed  his  mother  earth  in  death;  but 
the  flag  of  your  country  still  waved  aloft,  was  snatched 
from  the  dying  soldier's  hand  by  a  comrade,  who  in  his  turn 
bit  the  dust  by  the  bullet  of  a  foe.  Again  the  flag,  transferred 
without  touching  the  earth,  was  passed  to  the  hand  of  another 
Massachusetts  boy;  and  five  standard-bearers  in  succession 
bore  this  symbol  of  our  cause  on  the  field  of  Gettysburg. 


212      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

And  need  I  say,  that,  whenever  this  regiment  has  faced  a  foe, 
you  have  marched  with  victory  upon  your  banner  and  death 
upon  your  bayonets.  At  Chancellorsville,  not  less  than  at 
Antietam,  was  the  Second  distinguished  among  the  brave  ; 
•and,  with  the  First  and  Second  Massachusetts,  it  was  specially 
designated  for  commendation  in  General  Orders  of  the  then 
Commander  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac. 

"  The  old  soldiers  of  the  Second  will  notice,  that  I  have  not 
spoken  as  yet  of  the  action  of  Slaughter  Mountain.  During 
all  the  conflicts  of  the  war,  there  has  been  no  braver  conduct 
than  yours  on  that  terrible  day.  Your  hearts  will  bear  record 
for  ever  to  the  value  of  your  comrades  who  fell  that  day. 
Your  tears  this  morning,  soldiers  of  the  Second,  shed  for 
Savage  and  his  noble  compatriots,  whose  blood  that  day 
moistened  the  soil  of  Virginia  and  made  it  sacred,  are  a  fitting 
tribute,  such  as  no  words  of  mine  can  imitate. 

"  Of  the  men  who  marched  from  Massachusetts  as  members 
of  the  Second,  already  twelve  officers  have  fallen  in  battle,  and 
sleep  in  death.  One  hundred  and  fifty-three  enlisted  men 
have  accompanied  their  officers  to  the  grand  review :  three 
hundred  and  seventy-three  have  been  discharged,  invalided 
since  the  war  began :  twenty-two  officers,  and  three  hundred 
and  forty-five  men,  have  fallen  by  wounds  not  mortal.  So 
distinguished  has  been  the  conduct  of  the  regiment,  and  the 
members  who  composed  it,  that  not  less  than  thirty-nine  of 
your  officers  and  men  have  been  translated  from  the  Second 
to  be  commissioned,  either  by  the  President  or  myself,  in 
other  commands. 

"  Your  first  colonel  and  lieutenant-colonel  have  long  since 
borne  distinguished  titles,  and  performed  with  admirable 
distinction  the  duties  of  brigadier-generals  in  the  United- 
States  Army  of  Volunteers ;  and  both  of  them  are  to-day  in 
command  of  divisions.  One  of  your  officers  and  forty-two  of 
your  men,  in  the  ordinary  course  of  the  dispensations  of  Provi 
dence,  without  wound  in  battle  or  material  injury  in  the  service, 


HOME   AXD   BACK.  213 

by  natural  causes,  have  passed  away.  Some  of  your  comrades 
are  left  behind  in  the  hospitals :  some  of  them,  on  detached 
service,  could  not  be  reached  to  ascertain  their  purpose? 
whether  to  enlist  again,  or  be  discharged  at  the  end  of  their 
original  term.  But,  whatever  may  be  the  decision  of  those 
men,  there  is  no  Massachusetts  heart,  no  citizen  of  our  com 
mon  country,  who  can  fail  to  declare ;  nor  can  I  fail,  as  the 
official  representative  of  the  Commonwealth,  now  and  for  ever 
to  declare,  that  all  that  men  could  dare,  and  all  that  men 
could  do,  for  the  cause  of  their  country  imperilled,  on  the 
field,  the  Second  Massachusetts  has  dared  and  has  done. 

"  And  now,  fellow-citizens,  civilians  of  Massachusetts,  thank 
this  noble  regiment  by  recruiting  its  ranks,  and  marching  by 
its  side.  Fill  up  to  the  original  one  thousand  and  forty-six, 
during  this  brief  furlough,  their  wasted  ranks.  Let  at  least 
five  hundred  men  from  Massachusetts  return  with  these  two 
hundred  and  twenty-two  to  the  field  of  war.  Thus  will  we 
thank  the  noble  and  brave  for  what  they  have  already 
achieved:  thus  may  we  attest  our  gratitude  to  those  who 
have  elected  to  remain,  and  fight  anew  for  that  standard,  so 
long  as  the  American  flag  shall  float  above  the  American 
soil. 

"  Now,  Mr.  Commander  and  Soldiers  of  the  Second,  I  have 
not  attempted  by  words  to  declare  how  deep  is  the  gratitude 
of  the  Massachusetts  heart  toward  the  living,  —  how  sacred 
our  remembrance  for  the  memory  of  the  dead.  Brave  and 
true  men,  lean  not  on  the  speech,  rely  not  on  the  assurance  of 
the  lips.  Soldiers,  you  know  that  from  the  bottom  of  her 
heart,  Massachusetts  admires,  reveres,  and  loves  you  all." 

Colonel  Cogswell  responded  as  follows  :  — 

"  Your  Excellency, — I  cannot  find  words  fit  for  my  feelings 
to-day.  To  use  an  expression  of  your  own,  no  poor  power  of 
speech  of  mine  can  adequately  express  my  feelings  of  thankful 
ness  and  gratitude  to  our  kind  friends  that  have  received  us 
here  to-day.  But  the  mind  will  go  back  to  thirty-two  months 


214      SECOXD  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

ago,  when  this  regiment,  of  which  that  before  you  is  but  a 
fragment,  entered  the  service  of  their  country.  Thirty-two 
months  ago!  and  Winchester,  Cedar  Mountain,  Antietam, 
Chancellorsville,  Beverly  Ford,  and  Gettysburg !  Thirty-two 
months  ago !  and  Dwight  and  Savage  and  Mudge,  and  that 
long,  sad  list  which  I  will  not  recall  to-day !  When  I  say  to 
Your  Excellency,  that  these  men,  with  the  experience  they 
have  had ;  with  the  hardships,  sufferings,  and  dangers  that 
they  have  seen  and  dared,  —  have  re-enlisted,  I  have  said 
enough  for  a  lifetime  in  their  praise.  Let  me  also  say, 
that,  while  the  Government  of  our  common  country  has  ever 
been  before  our  eyes,  we  have  ever  been  mindful  of  the  per 
sonal  kindness,  interest,  and  affection  of  the  Chief  Magistrate 
of  our  own  native  State  ;  and  let  me  add  one  more  word,  and 
that  is,  Your  Excellency,  with  our  ranks  filled  up  we  will  go 
forth  again  as  readily  as  ever  to  finish  the  work  which  we  have 
left  unfinished,  and  which  we  think,  thank  God  !  will  soon  be 
done." 

The  Governor  then  thanked  the  First  Battery,  Captain 
McCartney,  for  their  services  in  firing  the  salutes  on  Sunday 
and  yesterday ;  and  complimented  them  as  being  one  of  the 
best  artillery  organizations  that  has  served  during  the  war. 
The  Governor  also  read  a  despatch  from  Captain  Adams  of  the 
First  Cavalry,  stating  that  most  of  his  company  had  re- 
enlisted,  and  would  soon  be  home  on  their  furlough.  This 
announcement  was  received  with  cheers. 

General  Burnside,  who  had  joined  the  column  in 
front  of  the  State  House,  and  had  been  greeted  with  an 
enthusiastic  welcome,  was  introduced  by  the  Governor, 
and  received  with  nine  cheers.  He  spoke  as  follows  :  — 

"  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  and  Comrades,  —  If  I  were  ever 
capable  of  addressing  an  assembly  like  this  to-day,  I  should  be 
unable  to  do  so  now,  from  the  fact  that  my  head  is  almost 
turned  with  the  kindness  I  have  received  since  I  left  the 


HOME    AND   BACK.  215 

Governor's  room  this  morning.  My  heart  has  been  made 
proud  at  witnessing  the  reception  you  have  had  at  the  hands 
of  your  friends  at  home.  I  am  the  more  happy  because  you 
so  well  deserve  it.  I  am  glad  to  know  that  the  dark,  hard 
scenes  through  which  you  have  passed  are  remembered  by 
your  fellow-citizens ;  and  that  there  is  a  recompense  of  grati 
tude  and  kind  feelings  in  store  for  all  of  us  who  have  served 
in  the  field,  when  we  return.  I  have  had  the  honor  of  com 
manding  this  regiment,  not  immediately  in  the  presence  of  the 
enemy,  but  on  two  distinct  occasions,  —  when  I  had  command 
of  the  left  wing  of  the  army  at  Harper's  Ferry,  and  once 
when  you  formed  a  portion  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac. 

"  I  have  followed  your  history  with  very  great  pride  and 
with  very  great  admiration.  You  were  commanded  first  by  a 
college  mate  of  mine.  We  passed  some  three  years  together 
at  West  Point,  he  being  one  year  my  senior.  I  became, 
during  that  association,  very  much  attached  to  him  ;  and  neces 
sarily  followed  his  regiment  with  very  deep  interest.  The 
scenes  through  which  you  have  passed  since  have  necessarily 
attracted  my  attention  and  admiration.  Lately  we  have  been 
laboring  in  the  same  field ;  and  we  ought  to  feel  that  we  have 
been  fully  recompensed  by  the  success  that  has  attended  our 
labors  in  East  Tennessee. 

'•'  I,  like  you,  comrades,  have  come  home  to  see  my  friends ; 
and  have  been  ordered  to  recruit  the  ranks  of  the  regiments 
that  I  have  the  honor  to  command,  to  the  number  of  fifty 
thousand  men.  That  I  propose  to  try  to  do.  I,  like  you, 
propose  to  return  at  the  proper  time  to  fight  again.  Let  us 
go  determined  to  sustain,  support,  and  fight  for,  that  grand  old 
flag  [pointing  to  the  flag  of  the  regiment]  until  we  shall  wave 
it  over  every  inch  of  territory  that  belongs  to  the  Government 
of  the  United  States.  I  know  that  you  are  as  .fixed  on  that 
purpose  as  you  can  be,  and  I  hope  that  I  may  be  able  to  con 
tinue  in  the  same  resolution  until  this  rebellion  is  crushed. 

"  My  friends,  I  cannot  find  words  to  thank  you  for  the  man- 


216  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

ner  in  which  you  have  received  me.  You  may  be  assured 
that  my  heart  turns  kindly  toward  Massachusetts  as  well  as 
Massachusetts  soldiers.  I  have  had  more  Massachusetts  men 
under  my  command,  proportionately,  than  men  from  any  other 
State  in  the  Union.  I  have  always  found  the  men  loyal,  gal 
lant  soldiers ;  and  have  never  called  upon  them  to  perform  a 
duty  which  they  had  not  willingly  and  efficiently  done.  I 
have  never  seen  a  Massachusetts  regiment  turn  its  back  upon 
the  enemy.  I  have  never  seen  the  soldiers  or  officers  of  a 
Massachusetts  regiment  waver  or  shake  under  any  trial  that 
has  been  brought  to  bear  upon  them." 

General  Burnside  then  spoke  at  some  length  upon 
general  issues.  At  the  close,  the  regiment  fell  in,  and 
marched  to  Coolidge  Block,  Court  Street,  where  the 
arms  and  equipments  were  deposited,  and  the  men 
were,  furloughed  for  their  thirty  days. 

"The  noble  ovation,"  said  the  "Post,"  "awarded  by  a 
grateful  community  yesterday  to  the  Second  Regiment, 
was  characterized  by  a  scene  in  Faneuil  Hall  so  unusual 
as  to  make  a  marked  occasion,  even  for  that  renowned 
place.  The  galleries  were  crowded,  the  fair  sex  being 
well  represented  :  the  military  occupied  the  floor ;  and 
a  brilliant  official  cortege  filled  the  platform.  All 
around,  in  festoons,  were  bright  national  ensigns  that 
had  seen  but  peaceful  service.  By  the  side  of  the  plat 
form  was  the  dingy  regimental  flag  which  the  veterans 
had  borne  through  the  smoke  and  carnage  of  their  bat 
tles.  It  never  fell !  For,  as  the  death-shot  struck  one 
bearer,  another  would  rush  to  seize  it  as  it  was  falling, 
and  so  it  was  ever  borne  up  and  ever  borne  on.  It  was 
the  silent,  eloquent,  powerful  orator  of  the  occasion,  — 


HOME    AND   BACK.  217 

a  touching  witness  of  the  valor  of  the  dead  and  of  the 
living.  The  words  uttered  were  brief  and  direct,  and 
were  listened  to,  as  the  honored  dead  were  named,  in 
solemn  silence  and  in  tears ;  or,  as  the  heroism  was 
remembered,  they  met  electric  responses.  The  fervent 
prayer  of  Dr.  Lothrop ;  the  brief  welcome  of  the 
mayor ;  the  felicitous  recital  of  the  work  done  by  the 
regiment,  by  the  governor  ;  and  the  grateful  and  soldier 
like  acknowledgment  of  the  colonel, — were  feeling  and 
impressive.  .  .  .  Then  the  veterans  and  their  fine  escort 
left  the  hall.  Their  healthy,  robust  look  ;  their  jaunty 
marching  and  military  bearing,  indicative  of  high  disci 
pline,  —  won  warm  encomiums.  There  have  been 
many  occasions  of  deep  interest,  but  none  with  more  of 
the  moral  and  the  sublime  than  the  touching  and  inspir 
ing  rounding  off  of  a  just  ovation  to  the  Second 
Massachusetts  Regiment  in  Faneuil  Hall." 

It  was  ardently  hoped  that  the  regiment  might  be 
recruited  to  its  maximum.  The  officers  were  ready  to 
enter  into  the  work ;  and  the  assurance  was  given  by 
noble  and  liberal  friends  that  all  moneys  needed  should 
be  furnished.  But  it  was  immediately  found  that  the 
orders  of  the  War  Department  were  such,  that  General 
Hancock  had  control  of  enlistments,  to  fill  up  the  corps 
he  was  raising.  This  put  an  effectual  block  in  the  way, 
which  no  efforts  at  the  proper  quarters  could  remove. 
It  was  a  sad  result  to  the  regiments  ;  but  matters  were 
put  in  such  train,  that  recruits  were  subsequently  raised 
and  forwarded.  This  effort  will  be  noticed  further  on. 

On   Monday   (the    22d),  the  regiment  reported  at 


218      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Beach-street  barracks.  On  Tuesday,  at  half-past  four, 
P.M.,  it  left  Boston.  At  Albany  in  the  morning;  left 
Buffalo  at  half-past  eleven,  P.M.  ;  left  Cleveland  at  nine, 
A.M.,  Thursday;  reached  Galion  at  noon,  and  left  at 
half-past  three  ;  at  Indianapolis  at  ten,  A.M.,  Friday,  and 
left  at  nine,  P.M.  ;  at  Louisville  Saturday  morning,  left 
at  half-past  four;  at  Nashville,  seven,  A.M.,  Sunday, 
and  left  at  half-past  four,  Monday,  P.M.,  in  execrable 
cars  through  whose  roofs  the  rain  poured  steadily ; 
reached  Tullahoma  at  half-past  two,  Tuesday  morning, 
and  in  a  drenching  rain  met  the  officers  of  the  detach 
ment  left  behind,  who  by  the  light  of  lanterns  led  the 
men  to  shelter. 

On  that  day  the  returned  men  went  into  camp  with 
the  companies  remaining,  who  had  been  moved  from 
Elk  Eiver  to  Tullahoma.  Here  was  General  Slocum's 
headquarters ;  also  General  Williams's  and  General 
Ruger's, — corps,  division,  and  brigade.  Colonel  Cogs 
well  was  made  post-commandant,  and  (Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Morse  being  on  the  staff  of  General  Slocum) 
Major  Francis  commanded  the  regiment. 


FOR   ATLANTA.  219 


XVIII. 

I 

FOR   ATLANTA. 

LIFE  was  uniform  at  Tullahoma.  Usual  duty  went  on, 
— guard-mounting,  drill,  and  parade.  Captain  Parker 
was  provost ;  Quartermaster  Sawyer,  post  quarter 
master  ;  Adjutant  Fox,  post  adjutant.  Divers  dances, 
several  excursions  to  cave  and  waterfall,  and  such  like, 
varied  the  monotony ;  while  the  prisoners  tossed  each 
new-comer  in  a  blanket.  The  Christian  Commission 
meetings  were  well  attended.  Everybody  got  vac 
cinated,  because  the  smallpox  was  raging  in  the  post 
hospital  near  by.  The  soldier's  graveyard  was  put  in 
order  by  the  chaplain,  by  direction  of  Colonel  Cogs 
well  ;  although  none  of  the  Second  lay  there.  Boards 
were  tolerably  plenty  after  the  colonel  had  conscripted 
a  sawmill.  Guerillas  made  a  raid  a  few  miles  off, 
and  tore  up  the  railroad,  and  shot  a  few  prisoners  they 
had  taken.  General  Slocum  had  a  reception  or  two. 
The  Twenty-seventh  Indiana  came  to  Tullahoma,  the 
other  regiments  of  the  brigade  being  scattered  up  and 
down.  Colonel  Cogswell  remained  post  commandant, 
until  April  llth,  when  Colonel  Colgrove  succeeded. 
General  Grant  was  in  command  of  the  Departments 


220      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

of  the  Tennessee,  Cumberland,  and  Ohio,  which  he  had 
assumed  on  the  19th  of  October,  1863  ;  General  George 
H.  Thomas  commanding  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland 
(in  which  was  the  Twelfth  Corps),  relieving  General 
Rosecrans.  General  Thomas, — whom  the  country 
knows,  —  the  Second  had  seen  while  under  General 
Patterson  in  1861.  General  Sherman  commanded  the 
Army  of  the  Tennessee.  On  the  12th  of  March,  Lieu- 
tenant-General  Grant  was  assigned  to  the  command  of 
the  armies  of  the  United  States ;  and  General  Wm.  T. 
Sherman  succeeded  General  Grant  in  command  of  the 
Armies  of  Ohio,  the  Cumberland,  and  the  Tennessee, — 
to  the  last  of  which,  General  McPherson  was  assigned. 
On  the  4th  of  April,  the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Corps 
were  consolidated.  The  order  gave  the  number  "First" 
to  the  corps  thus  formed,  but  it  was  soon  changed  to  that 
of  "Twentieth."  General  Hooker  was  assigned  to  its 

o 

command.  The  corps  badge  of  the  Twelfth  —  that  of 
a  five-pointed  star  —  was  adopted  as  that  of  the  new 
corps,  on  the  generous  suggestion  of  officers  of  the 
Eleventh.  Generals  Howard  (of  the  Eleventh)  and 
Slocum  (of  the  Twelfth)  were  thus  relieved  from 
command,  and  were  assigned  to  other  duty,  —  General 
Howard  to  the  Fourth,  in  place  of  Gordon  Granger; 
and  General  Slocum  to  report  at  Yicksburg.  The 
divisions  of  the  Twentieth  were  commanded  thus  :  First, 
General  A.  S.  TV  illiams ;  Second,  General  John  W. 
Geary  ;  Third,  General  Daniel  Butterfield. 

The  relieving  of  General  Slocum  was  a  disappoint 
ment   to    his    corps.       They   had   proved   his    ability. 


FOR   ATLANTA.  221 

Before  his  leaving,  the  officers  of  the  Second,  and  of 
the  other  regiments  at  the  post,  called  upon  him  to 
pay  their  respects,  —  in  the  evening  of  April  7.  The 
excellent  band  of  the  brigade  gave  the  music.  Gen 
eral  Slocum,  who  resided  in  the  summer  residence  of 
Judge  Catron, — house  delightfully  situated  on  the  brow 
of  the  hill  overlooking  the  creek,  —  soon  appeared  at 
the  door.  Colonel  Cogswell  addressed  him,  and  ex 
pressed  the  feelings  of  the  large  number  of  officers 
well,  as  follows  :  — 

"  General  Slocum :  The  officers  of  my  own  regiment,  as 
well  as  many  of  those  at  this  post,  have  desired  me  to  act 
as  their  representative  in  expressing  to  you  their  feelings  on 
your  retiring  from  the  command  of  this  corps.  To  act  as 
their  representative  gives  me  great  pleasure,  but,  on  this 
occasion,  it  is  to  perform  a  duty  which  is  indeed  most  sad 
and  unpleasant.  I  cannot  tell  you  with  how  much  regret  we 
have  heard  the  order  that  takes  you  from  us  as  our  com 
mander.  An  officer  who  has  shown  himself  so  much  a  soldier 
in  the  camp  and  on  the  field,  and  so  much  a  gentleman  in  his 
quarters,  as  you  have,  cannot  leave  his  command  without  the 
bitter  and  heartfelt  regrets  of  every  officer  and  man  in  it ;  and 
I  assure  you,  that,  wherever  you  may  go,  you  cannot  go  where 
their  blessing  will  not  follow  you  as  long  as  you  live.  To  bid 
1  good  bye  '  to  you,  sir,  is  to  bid  l  good  bye '  to  one  for  whom 
we  have  feelings  of  the  highest  respect,  in  whom  we  have  the 
most  perfect  confidence,  and  whom  we  believe  to  be  our  tru 
est  and  best  friend.  Words  are  useless.  Your  own  con 
sciousness  of  having  at  all  times  done  your  whole  duty 
teaches  you,  that  you  have  won  our  highest  admiration  and 
esteem,  and  that  you  cannot  leave  us  without  our  sincerest 
regrets ;  and  our  presence  here  to-night  shows  you,  that  we 
have  tried  to  appreciate  your  manly  and  soldierly  qualities. 


222  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS   INFANTKY. 

In  bidding  you  '  good  bye,'  we  ask  that  you  will  try  to  secure 
for  us  our  old  corps-badge.  And,  again,  in  bidding  you  fare 
well,  we  ask  that  God's  blessing  may  always  be  with  you." 

Every  word  was  true.  The  General  replied,  but  it 
was  impossible  to  reduce  to  writing  the  kind  response, 
it  was  so  broken  with  emotion.  Some  could  see,  as 
the  lights  flashed  among  the  trees,  the  tears  on  the 
cheek  of  the  brave  and  beloved  leader.  He  invited 
the  officers  all  into  his  quarters,  where  the  entire  evening 
was  socially  spent. 

A  review  took  place  on  Friday,  at  which  the  general 
addressed  a  few  words  of  parting  to  the  men  whom  he 
had  always  been  proud  to  lead,  —  the  bronzed  veterans 
of  many  hard  battlefields. 

The  departure  of  General  Slocum  returned  Lieu 
tenant-Colonel  Morse  to  the  regiment. 

On  the  27th  of  April,  came  orders  to  move  "to-mor 
row."  "Five  days'  rations,  three  in  haversacks,  and 
two  in  wagons.  And  also  sixty  rounds  of  cartridges, 
forty  in  boxes  and  twenty  in  wagons.  The  '  General ' 
will  be  sounded  at  eight,  A.M.,  to-morrow,  and  the 
' Assembly'  at  nine."  That  noon,  the  thermometer 
stood  at  89°,  but  it  rained  in  the  night.  "To-morrow" 
came,  and  with  it  a  regiment  to  relieve  the  Second. 
The  regiment  broke  camp,  and  at  nine,  A.M.,  was  on 
the  road.  The  movement  to  Atlanta  was  begun. 

Camped  that  evening  at  Decherd  ;  rain  in  the  night. 
Moved  next  day  north-easterly ;  down  in  the  low 
ground,  and  over  the  rough  Breakfield  Hill,  through 
maple,  hickory,  and  black  oak;  halted  awhile  at  the 


FOR   ATLANTA.  223 

site  of  the  famous  unbuilt  "University  of  the  South," 
and  inspected  the  shattered  corner-stone ;  camped  a 
mile  or  two  onward,  where  Sheridan  lay  the  summer 
before  ;  and  experienced  a  flooding  thunder-storm  in  the 
night.  On  the  30th,  moved  early  ;  down  a  long  descent, 
—  it  rained  at  eleven  o'clock, — up  a  long  ascent,  and 
then  down  the  steepest  and  roughest  of  attempted 
roads,  where  the  wTagons  had  to  be  let  down  by  ropes  ; 
then  into  the  beautiful  valley  of  Battle  Creek,  and 
camped  near  the  creek,  about  eight  miles  above  Bridge 
port.  Mustered  for  payment  that  evening.  The  next 
day,  little  more  than  three  miles  brought  the  troops  in 
sight  of  the  Tennessee,  and,  on  an  apparently  partly- 
built  railway,  the  regiment  followed  its  course  to 
Bridgeport ;  crossed  the  Tennessee ;  drew  rations  on 
the  south  bank ;  kept  on  until  after  dark,  and  camped 
near  Nickajack  Cave,  which  was  inspected  next  morning. 
McPherson  was  at  Bridgeport  that  day.  On  the  2d, 
reached  Whiteside.  Assistant  Surgeon  Nichols  was 
detailed  to  the  Twenty-seventh  Indiana.  On  the  3d, 
went  by  way  of  Wauhatchie,  around  the  north  of 
Lookout,  on  a  new  and  roughly  macadamized  army- 
road,  to  three  miles  south  of  Chattanooga.  On  the  4th, 
. — passing  by  the  house  where  John  Ross  was  born, 
and  resting  on  the  battle-ground  of  Chickamauga  at 
noon, — camped  by  Gordon's  Mills,  on  the  Chicka 
mauga  Creek.  Our  Third  Brigade  had  joined  us.  On 
the  5th,  left  at  half-past  six,  A.M.  ;  five  miles  found 
Peavine  Church ;  passed  Leet's  Mills,  and  bivouacked, 
in  position,  back  of  Taylor's  Eidge.  Tunnel  Hill  was 


224      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

four  miles  the  other  side  of  the  ridge ;  and  seven 
hundred  men,  from  the  First  Division,  that  night 
picketed  the  ridge,  which  was  disputed  ground.  How 
ard,  Fourth  Corps,  was  moving  out  towards  Tunnel  Hill 
on  our  left.  We  were  getting  near  the  enemy.  On  the 
morning  of  the  6th,  the  Army  of  the  Ohio  wTas  near 
Red  Clay,  directly  north  of  Dalton  ;  the  Army  of  the 
Cumberland  at  Ringgold  and  westward ;  the  Army  of 
the  Tennessee,  near  and  beyond  Gordon's  Mills. 
Sherman  had  brought  the  scattered  corps  of  his  army 
together  for  his  great  campaign. 

The  army  numbered  98,797  men  and  254  guns. 
The  army  of  the  Cumberland,  Major-General  Thomas, 
included  the  Fourth  Corps,  General  Howard ;  the  Four 
teenth,  General  John  M.  Palmer;  and  the  Twentieth, 
General  Hooker;  infantry,  54,568;  artillery,  2,377; 
cavalry,  3,828;  total,  60,773,  and  130  guns.  The 
Army  of  the  Tennessee,  Major-General  McPherson, 
included  the  Fifteenth  Corps ,  General  Logan  ;  part  of 
the  Sixteenth,  General  Dodge  ;  and  part  of  the  Seven 
teenth,  General  Blair;  infantry,  22,437;  artillery, 
1,404;  cavalry,  624;  total,  24,465,  and  96  guns. 
Of  the  Army  of  the  Ohio,  was  only  the  Twenty- third 
Corps,  General  Schofield ;  infantry,  11,183;  artillery, 
679  ;  cavalry,  1,697  ;  total,  13,559,  and  28  guns.1 

On  the  6th  of  May,  transportation  was  cut  down  to 
one  wagon  to  each  regiment.  The  original  twenty- 
five,  which  left  home,  had,  by  successive  reductions, 

1  Sherman  and  Ms  Campaigns,  p.  181. 


FOR   ATLANTA.  225 

come  to  the  last  point,  to  the  great  advantage  of  cam 
paigning. 

On  the  6th,  lay  quiet  on  the  creek, — Faught's  Creek. 
General  Thomas  came  along.  General  Hooker  was 
himself  at  Leet's  Mills  in  the  morning.  On  the  7th, 
left  at  five,  A.M.  ;  took  the  Alabama  Road  to  Nickajack 
trace,  then  followed  that  over  Taylor's  Ridge,  and  west 
to  Trickum  Post-office, — the  advance  meeting  a  slight 
opposition,  and  making  some  noise  with  their  musketry. 
The  corps  were  in  this  order  from  left  to  right,  —  23d, 
4th,  14th,  20th,  and  McPherson.  Kilpatrick's  Cavalry 
was  out  in' front.  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  which  the  rebels 
held,  cleft  by  Buzzard's  Roost  Gap,  was  in  sight. 

On  Sunday  (the  8th) ,  public  worship  was  held  in  the 
morning,  afternoon,  and  evening.  At  other  hours, 
the  men  idly  watched  the  puffs  of  smoke  from  the 
enemy's  guns  at  Buzzard's  Roost  as  they  replied  to 
artillery  on  our  left.  On  Monday,  heard  heavy  firing 
on  both  right  and  left.  Newton's  Division  of  the 
Fourth  Corps  carried  the  ridge,  but  found  the  crest  too 
narrow  to  reach  the  gorge  ;  Geary  made  a  bold  push  for 
the  summit,  but  found  it  too  strongly  held,  and  his 
wounded  went  along  by  us. 

Meanwhile  amusing  the  enemy  in  front,  General 
Sherman  had  sent,  on  that  day,  McPherson  through 
Snake-creek  Gap  upon  Resaca ;  which  he  came  near  on 
the  9th,  but  did  not  occupy.  He  fell  back  to  the  Gap, 
and  the  Twentieth  Corps  was  ordered  to  join  him,  to 
be  followed  by  the  Fourteenth  Corps  and  Schofield. 

The  Second  moved  half  an  hour  after  midnight,  in  the 

15 


226      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

morning  of  the  10th  ;  followed  a  road  in  the  valleys  to 
the  gap ;  halted  in  the  rain ;  in  the  afternoon  went 
nearly  through  the  gap,  and  camped.  At  nine,  P.M.,  a 
severe  rain-storm  flooded  the  valley.  Eemained  in  the 
same  place  on  the  llth, — the  remainder  of  the  army 
(except  the  Fourth  Corps,  which  was  left  in  front  of 
Dalton)  coming  through  the  gap.  A  steady  stream 
of  men  passed  on,  as  they  did  all  the  next  day.  The 
enemy  were  moving  out  of  Dalton,  and  their  trains 
could  be  seen  from  the  ridge. 

On  the  llth,  Captain  Howard,  formerly  of  the 
Second,  dropped  into  camp.  He  was  chief  signal 
officer  of  McPherson. 

On  the  13th,  broke  camp  at  six,  A.M.,  and  moved  out 
two  or  three  miles.  The  whole  army  was  in  the  plain 
between  Snake-creek  Gap  and  Eesaca.  Heard  the 
noise  of  Howard's  guns  as  he  was  pressing  the  rebel 
rear  above  and  through  Dalton.  Firing  was  also  heard 
on  the  right.  That  day,  went  some  miles  towards 
Eesaca,  and  the  troops  were  in  position. 

About  five  o'clock,  on  the  morning  of  the  14th,  there 
was  considerable  firing.  Brisk  skirmishing  was  kept  up 
in  front  all  the  forenoon.  The  rebel  army  was  in  posi 
tion  behind  Camp  Creek,  and  occupying  strong  works 
previously  built  for  such  an  emergency,  their  left  resting 
on  the  Austanaula  a  little  west  of  Eesaca,  and  their  line 
curving  again  to  the  river,  which  makes  here  a  sharp 
bend.  At  one  o'clock,  the  fire  grew  furious,  and  so 
continued  for  two  hours.  McPherson,  on  the  right, 
was  driving  Folk's  Corps  from  the  hills  that  commanded 


FOR   ATLANTA.  227 

the  railroad  and  trestle  bridges,  while  Thomas  was 
pressing  the  enemy  along  the  creek.  At  four  o'clock,  the 
fire  re-opened  with  severity.  At  sunset  it  was  heavy, 
but  McPherson  kept  the  hills.  The  Second,  in  the 
morning,  had  spent  some  time  in  changing  position ; 
in  the  afternoon,  it  had  thrown  up  works,  according  to 
orders  ;  but  it  was  not  engaged.  In  the  early  part  of 
the  night,  it  was  moved  a  couple  of  miles  towards  the 
left  of  the  line,  where  the  Fourth  Corps  had  been 
heavily  engaged.  Schofield  (Twenty-third  Corps)  had 
come  in  on  the  left,  towards  the  river ;  the  Twentieth 
Corps  was  next ;  then  Howard,  with  the  Fourth  Corps ; 
then  Fourteenth  ;  and  then  McPherson. 

The  night  was  tolerably  quiet ;  but  the  battle-field 
smell  in  the  low  ground  was  annoying,  —  that  indescriba 
ble  odor  in  marshy  land,  after  a  battle  in  hot  days. 
The  morning  of  the  15th  was  also  quiet.  But  in  the 
forenoon  came  an  order  to  send  a  regiment  on  reconnois- 
sance.  The  rebel  works  were  so  hidden  and  complica 
ted  in  the  woods  as  to  render  it  difficult  to  know  their 
position.  For  this  delicate  service,  in  broad  daylight, 
the  Second  Massachusetts  was  selected. 

There  was  a  dead  silence  when  the  regiment  laid 
down  knapsacks,  and  went  off  into  the  woods,  double 
column  on  the  centre.  Colonel  Cogswell  put  out  skir 
mishers  and  flankers,  and  some  engineers  were  with  the 
regiment.  They  proceeded  three-quarters  of  a  mile; 
discovered  what  they  were  sent  to  ascertain,  — whether 
a  particular  hill  was  held  in  force  by  the  enemy,  as  it 
was ;  encountered  the  rebel's  entrenched  outposts,  and 


228      SECOXD  MASSACHUSETTS  IXFANTRY. 

drew  their  fire.  The  volley  was  heard  by  the  brigade. 
Its  result  was  awaited  in  painful  suspense.  Soon  the 
regiment  emerged,  with  two  wounded. 

Butterfield's  Division  was  immediately  moved  for 
ward.  It  was  an  hour  before  the  battle  opened.  The 
key-point  had  been  found,  a  height  crowned  with  a 
strong  work,  and  held  by  artillery.  Soon  Williams's 
Division  was  moved  on  at  double-quick,  and  joined  the 
left  of  Butterfield.  The  attack  of  the  latter  was  upon 
the  hill.  Of  Williams's  Division,  the  1st  Brigade  was 
on  the  right,  the  2d  next,  the  3d  on  the  left.  The  line 
curved  round  the  base  of  the  hill.  On  the  left  of  the 
3d  Brigade  was  cavalry,  soon  replaced  by  a  brigade  of 
the  23d  Corps.  Of  the  3d  Brigade,  the  regiments  ran 
from  left  to  right,  thus  :  27th  Indiana,  Second  Massa 
chusetts,  3d  Wisconsin,  150th  New  York,  13th  New 
Jersey.  The  line  was  formed,  but  soon  moved  on  an 
eighth  of  a  mile  to  the  front  edge  of  a  wood,  —  a  field 
with  standing  wheat  before  it.  Connections  were  kept 
with  Butterfield  who  was  busy  on  the  right,  and  the 
brigade  again  moved  across  the  field,  and  into  a  wood 
which  covered  an  ascending  slope.  Colonel  Colgrove 
soon  went  forward  to  the  skirmish  line,  and  discerned 
the  enemy  pouring  out  of  their  works  in  force.  He 
immediately  led  his  regiment  up  the  slope,  accompanied 
by  the  Second.  The  regiments  on  the  left  moved 
forward  also,  wheeling  a  little  to  the  right,  and  across 
the  road.  The  rebels  met  both  lines,  and  an  unexpected 
fire.  It  was  so  furious  that  they  fell  back  in  disorder, 
followed  by  the  brigade,  and  were  driven  into  their 


FOR    ATLANTA.  229 

works.  The  brigade  again  took  its  position.  Twice 
more,  at  intervals,  the  enemy  came  out  in  force;  and 
both  times  were  met  on  the  crest,  and  driven  back  with 
slaughter,,  leaving  their  dead  and  wounded. 

The  losses  were  comparatively  few  in  number,  but 
they  could  illy  be  spared.  No  officers  were  killed  or 
wounded.  Of  the  enlisted  men,  Morrissey,  of  F, 
was  killed ;  Greenough,  of  B ;  Aborn  and  Corporal 
Eowe,  of  C ;  Leary,  of  D  ;  and  Cronin  and  Pierson, 
of  I,  were  mortally  wounded.  Wounded  not  mortally, 
—  Morse  ( A. )  and  Minor,  of  A ;  Lovejoy  and 
Kenny  (M.),  of  B;  Murray,  of  C;  Leary,  Corporal 
King  (O.  M.),  Pierce  (H.  S.),  Corporal  Priest,  and 
Sergeant  Thompson,  of  D  ;  Greenwood  and  Metcalf 
(G.  O;),  of  E;  Bohman  and  Lawson,  of  G;  Mur 
phy  (John  1st)  and  Smith  (Wm.),  of  H ;  Pierson, 
of  I ;  and  Springer,  of  K. 

That  night  the  Second  rested  under  the  slope.  The 
six  hundred  wounded  of  the  First  Division  were  back 
in  the  division  hospital,  where  Surgeon  Heath  and 
others  of  the  division  worked  all  night.  Kebel  wounded 
were  there  also,  and  received  the  same  care  as  the  men 
of  the  division. 

In  the  night  there  was  a  sudden  outbreak  of  artillery, 
but  it  soon  ceased.  In  the  morning,  it  was  found  that 
the  rebels  had  evacuated.  One  of  Sherman's  flanking 
operations,  across  the  river  below,  had  necessitated  their 
removal.  The  whole  army  immediately  followed.  The 
corps  moved  by  different  roads,  and  crossed  at  different 
places.  The  Second  Massachusetts,  after  a  blunder  of 


230      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

somebody  above,  who  led  the  division  wrong,  bent  east 
ward,  and  crossed  the  river  by  a  temporary  bridge  about 
due  east  of  Eesaca ;  went  on  to  the  Coosawattee,  and 
camped  on  its  northern  bank.  On  the  17th,  crossed  the 
river  in  the  rain,  and  marched  eight  miles  towards  Cass- 
ville.  Fighting  was  heard  off  on  the  right :  it  was  that 
of  Xewton's  Division  near  Adairsville.  On  the  18th, 
roused  at  three,  A.M.  ;  moved  at  nine  o'clock ;  halted  on 
a  hill,  and  prepared  to  camp  ;  ordered  on  again,  and,  by 
crooked  roads,  finished  twenty  miles,  camping  north 
east  of  Kingston,  and  not  far  from  Cassville. 

The  enemy  was  strongly  fortified  at  Cassville,  and 
occupied  that  place  in  force.  Johnston  had  determined  to 
risk  a  battle  there,  and  had  ordered  all  the  inhabitants 
out  of  the  village.  On  the  19th,  it  was  approached. 
General  Schofield  was  on  the  left,  then  the  Twentieth 
Corps,  and  McPherson  in  supporting  distance  near 
Kingston.  After  marching  three  or  four  miles  through 
woods,  the  corps  suddenly  emerged  into  open  ground  in 
front  of  a  range  of  successive  hills  ;  and,  formed  in  line 
of  battle,  moved  forward.  Skirmishers  were  busy  in 
front,  and  there  was  a  slight  artillery  fire.  The  corps 
pressed  on,  and  drove  the  rebels  out  of  two  or  three  suc 
cessive  lines  of  breastworks  among  the  hills.  After  sun 
set,  the  troops  came  out  into  a  plain  in  front  of  the 
village,  just  back  of  which  were  the  rebel  works.  The 
enemy  occupied  the  village,  and  those  of  the  Second 
which  chanced  to  be  directly  in  front  of  the  town  pressed 
up  to  within  a  few  yards  of  an  orchard  in  which  the  rebel 
skirmishers  lay.  Firing  took  place,  and  on  the  left  the 


FOR   ATLANTA.  231 

blaze  of  musketry  was  decidedly  lively,  while  soldiers 
were  ringing  the  bell  of  a  deserted  seminary  just  at  the 
edge  of  the  town.  Works  of  rails  were  hastily  thrown 
up,  and  the  men  were  under  arms. 

But,  when  the  sun  rose,  the  rebels  had  left  the  town. 
Johnston,  it  is  reliably  stated,  could  not  depend  on  his 
corps  commanders,  who  declared  they  could  hold 
neither  flank.  So  he  left  in  the  night. 

General  Sherman  here  gave  his  army  a  few  days'  rest, 
and  opportunity  to  get  some  supplies.  The  Second 
remained  at  Cassville. 

Here  the  men  not  re-enlisting,  with  seven  officers,  left 
caup  for  the  North.  It  was  a  scene  of  deep  emotion 
wl.en  the  brave  comrades  separated.  Regarding  the 
men  leaving,  General  Williams  issued  the  following 
order  :  — 

HEADQUARTERS  FIRST  DIVISION  TWENTIETH  CORPS, 

CASSVILLE,  GA.,  May  22,  1864. 
SPICIAL  ORDERS,  No.  21. 

[Extract.] 

The  officers  and  enlisted  men  of  Second  Maasaclu:- 
Volunteer  Infantry  whose  term  of  service  expires  on. the  22d 
inet.  being  about  to  leave  the  division,  the  brigadier -^vneraj 
conmanding  embraces  the  occasion  to  acknowledge,  in  an 
oficial  form,  the  marked  gallantry,  uniform  good  conduct, 
superior  discipline,  and  constant  fidelity  to  duty,  which  have 
characterized  them  during  the  long  period  they  have  been 
urder  his  confmand. 

He  parts  from  then}  with  the  deepest  regret,  and  with  the 
nDst  cordial  wishes  for  the  future  prosperity  and  happiness  of 
eich  individual. 

The  recollections  of  their  severe  trials  and  sufferings,  of 
tleir  patient  and  heroic  endurance,  and  of  the  many  great 


232      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

battles  in  which  they  have  borne  a  distinguished  part  during 
the  three  years  of  active  duty  in  the  field,  will  prove,  he 
ventures  to  hope,  not  only  a  source  of  honest  pride,  but  an 
endearing  incentive  to  a  future  life  of  pure  and  devoted 
patriotism,  of  honorable  personal  conduct,  worthy  of  the  dis 
tinguished  name  they  have  so  faithfully  won  in  the  cause  of 
union. 

By  command  of 

BRIGADIER-GENERAL  A.  S.  WILLIAMS, 

Commanding  Division. 
S.  E.  PITTMAN,  Captain  and  A.  A,  G. 

For  the  few  days  of  rest,  General  Thomas's  army 
was  at  and  about  Cassville ;  General  Schofield's  at 
Cassville  Station,  and  Howard's  at  Etowah  Bridge ; 
and  General  McPherson  at  Kingston,  about  eight 
miles  east  of  Cassville ;  while  General  J.  C.  DaTis 
had  got  Rome  with  its  forts,  mills,  and  foundries. 

The  enemy  held  Alatoona  Pass,  a  formidable  positbn 
on  the  railway,  southward.  Sherman  determined  to 
turn  it  by  a  circuit  to  the  right, — that  is,  westward.  He 
loaded  the  wagons  with  forage  and  subsistence  for 
twenty  days,  and  left  the  railway  on  the  23d  of  Map. 
General  Thomas's  army  was  to  go  by  way  of  Euharbe 
and  Burnt  Hickory,  being  the  central  of  the  three 
columns. 

The  Second  left  Cassville  at  four,  A.M.,  May  2J, 
in  command  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  Mors$,  and  mate 
about  ten  miles  in  a  very  hot  and  dusty  day,  hearing 
distant  cannonade.  It  crossed  the  Etowah  aboit 
noon,  on  pontoons.  Marched  all  the  next  day,  ae 
guard  to  the  division  ordnance  trains,  passing  ova- 


FOR   ATLANTA.  233 

the  Alatoona  Hills  ;  and  lay  all  night  in  the  rain,  on  the 
south  side  of  Eaccoon  Creek,  some  distance  in  rear  of 
the  corps.  Started  at  daylight  on  the  25th,  in  the  cold 
and  wet ;  rejoined  the  brigade  ;  crossed  Pumpkin-vine 
Creek,  and  went  to  within  three  miles  of  Dallas,  where 
the  division  faced  about,  marched  to  the  rear,  re-crossed 
the  creek,  and  moved  to  the  left  to  the  support  of 
General  Geary.  Hooker,  with  Geary's  Division,  had 
encountered  the  enemy  on  a  parallel  road,  and  had  a 
severe  encounter.  He  got  his  other  divisions  up  from 
the  other  roads,  about  four  P.M.,  and,  by  Sherman's 
order,  "  made  a  bold  push  to  secure  possession  of  New- 
Hope  Church,  where  three  roads,  from  Ack worth,  Mari 
etta,  and  Dallas,  meet."  A  hard  battle  was  fought  with 
Stewart's  Division  of  Hood's  Corps,  but  the  enemy  was 
covered  by  earthworks.  A  stormy  and  dark  night  set  in, 
and  Hooker  was  unable  to  accomplish  his  purpose. 

The  Second  was  not  engaged.  When  it  re-crossed 
Pumpkin-vine  Creek,  it  was  left  with  a  battery,  by 
special  detail  from  General  Hooker,  to  destroy  the 
bridge  just  crossed,  and  hold  the  position  against  the 
possible  passage  of  any  of  the  enemy  by  that  road, 
from  Dallas.  It  was  thus  prevented  from  participating 
in  the  bloody  battle  of  that  day,  in  which  its  division 
suffered  severely. 

On  the  26th,  27th,  and  28th,  the  regiment  remained 
in  the  same  position  at  the  crossing.  On  the  morning 
of  the  27th,  it  heard  heavy  firing  on  the  left.  Four 
teen  recruits  arrived  from  Massachusetts  that  day. 
These  were  the  first  instalment  of  recruits  raised  by 


234  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

special  efforts  of  friends  in  Massachusetts.  In  connec 
tion  with  this  effort,  in  which  Wm.  F.  Oakey,  Esq.,  of 
!NTew  York,  warmly  assisted,  the  following  paper  should 
be  preserved,  although  it  records  the  names  of  only  a 
portion  of  the  subscribers  :  — 

To  the  Friends  of  the  Second  Regiment. 

The  Massachusetts  Second  Infantry  Regiment  was  raised 
in  April,  1861,  at  the  suggestion,  and  with  the  co-operation 
of  very  many  of  our  prominent  citizens.  It  is  now  the  oldest 
volunteer  organization  in  the  United-States  service.  Its  repu 
tation  for  thorough  discipline,  patient  endurance,  heroic  gal 
lantry,  and  entire  efficiency,  was  early  acquired,  and  has 
never  been  lost. 

Notwithstanding  its  great  labors  and  services  already  ren 
dered,  the  regiment  has  re-enlisted  for  another  term  of  three 
years  ;  but,  in  May,  when  the  first  term  expires,  it  will  have 
only  about  two  hundred  officers  and  men.  Now,  volunteering, 
however  brisk  it  may  be  in  general,  will  not,  without  some 
special  stimulus,  fill  its  ranks.  The  State  may  meet  all  the 
calls  of  the  President,  and  yet  this  regiment,  and  others  such 
as  this,  may  receive  very  little  benefit.  This  is  the  universal 
experience  of  those  acquainted  with  recruiting.  The  organ 
ization  and  efficiency  of  this  regiment  cannot,  therefore,  be 
preserved,  without  the  aid  of  private  enterprise.  Will  not  the 
glory  of  its  history,  the  dear  memories  of  the  brave  hearts 
that  have  fallen  fighting  under  its  flag,  its  value  to  the  service, 
and  the  credit  it  has  always  gained  for  the  State,  stimulate  its 
friends  to  this  work  ?  To  this  should  be  added  the  special 
consideration,  that  the  regiment  is  now  with  the  Army  of  the 
Cumberland,  and  the  only  Massachusetts  regiment  in  the 
Twelfth  Corps.  The  Western  regiments,  with  whom  it 
serves,  have  been  recruited  largely  ;  and  it  becomes,  in  some 
sort,  a  matter  of  State  pride,  that  this  representative  organiza 
tion  from  Massachusetts,  should  also  be  recruited. 


FOR   ATLANTA.  235 

The  most  efficient  way  of  accomplishing  this  work,  is  to 
raise  a  fund,  with  which  to  pay  a  small  premium,  varying  in 
amount,  from  time  to  time,  but  averaging  about  $20  for  each 
recruit,  in  addition  to  the  regular  bounties.  Two  hundred 
and  fifty  men  —  a  valuable  addition  to  the  regiment  —  would, 
at  this  rate,  cost  about  $5,000.  Shall  not  that  sum,  at  least, 
be  raised  ? 

The  Treasurer  has  already  received,  and  herewith  acknowl 
edges,  the  following  contributions,  and  is  happy  to  state  that 
twenty-five  recruits,  obtained  in  the  manner  set  forth,  are  now 
in  camp. 

Contributions  may  be  sent  to 

ROBERT  M.  MORSE,  JR. 

Barrister's  Hall,  7,  Court  Square,  Boston. 

BOSTON,  April  1,  1864. 

Mar.  12,  James  Savage,  .    .    .  S100  Mar.  19,  F.  G.  Shaw,  N.Y. .    .  $50 

„  14,  Fred.  Beck,  ....  50  „     23,  Wm.  F.  Oakey,  N.Y. .  100 

„  „    Joseph  Coolidge,   .     .  50  „     24,  G.  C.  Ward,          „     .  100 

„  „     S.  Frothingham,  jr.   .  25  „     26,  L.  Tuckerman,      „     .  100 

„  „     George  Ticknor,    .     .  50  „     28,  Mrs.  G.  R.  Russell,      .  50 

„  15,  William  Dwight,    .     .  50  „     29,  VV.  F.  Gary,  N.Y.       .  100 

„  16,  William  Perkins,  .    .  100  „      „    Mrs.  Gary,    ....  100 

„  17,  Samuel  Frothingham,  25  Apr.     1,  Dan'l  G.  Bacon,  N.Y.  100 

„  19,  Wm.  Mountford,    .    .  25 

On  the  28th,  heavy  firing  along  nearly  the  whole  line. 
The  regiment  was  surrounded  by  the  wounded  of  the 
Fifteenth  Corps. 

On  the  29th,  pursuant  to  orders  from  division  head 
quarters,  the  regiment  started  back  for  Kingston,  as 
escort  to  a  train  of  a  hundred  and  seventeen  wagons, 
laden  with  wounded  men  of  the  Twentieth  Corps. 
After  a  tedious  march  over  the  Allatoona  Mountains, 
reached  Kingston  at  noon  on  the  31st.  The  regiment 
remained  in  camp  there  until  June  4th,  when,  the 
wagon-trains  of  the  whole  army  having  been  refilled 


236  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

with  supplies,  the  Second,  with  many  other  regiments, 
started  to  guard  them  back  to  their  commands.  On 
this  march  back,  Captain  Crowninshield  was  wounded 
by  guerrillas,  June  6th,  at  Eaccoon  Creek:  it  was  his 
fourth  wound.  The  regiment  reached  its  brigade  on 
the  8th,  which  it  found  in  front  of  the  enemy's  strong 
position  on  Lost  Mountain :  it  brought  back  sixty 
recruits. 

During  the  absence  of  the  Second,  General  Sherman's 
operations,  working  to  the  left  continually,  had  turned 
Allatoona  Pass ;  the  enemy,  on  the  4th,  had  abandoned 
their  entrenchments  at  New-Hope  Church,  and  moved 
back  to  Lost  Mountain  ;  General  Sherman  had  occupied 
Ackworth,  and  reached  railway,  south  of  the  pass,  on 
the  6th ;  had  determined  to  fortify  and  garrison  the 
pass  as  a  secondary  base.  The  railway  bridge  over 
the  Etowah  was  rebuilding,  and  supplies  soon  came  by 
rail. 

The  army  was  in  front  of  the  mountain  chain  held  by 
the  enemy,  in  which  they  covered  Marietta.  Pine 
Mountain  formed  the  apex,  and  Kenesaw  and  Lost 
Mountains  the  base  of  a  triangle.  On  each  peak,  the 
enemy  had  signal  stations.  On  the  9th  of  June,  Gene 
ral  Sherman  moved  forward,  —  McPherson  towards 
Marietta,  his  right  on  the  railway  ;  Thomas  on  Kenesaw 
and  Pine  Mountains  ;  and  Schofield  off  towards  Lost 
Mountain,  —  cavalry  on  the  left,  and  cavalry  on  the  right, 
and  McCook  looking  to  the  rear  and  communications. 
In  this  movement,  the  Second  found  itself  on  the  llth 
confronting  Pine  Mountain.  It  formed  its  line  in  the 


FOR   ATLANTA.  237 

woods,  and  built  heavy  breastworks  directly  under 
the  enemy's  batteries,  who  opened  fire.  It  was  a  rainy 
day.  So  it  was  on  the  12th.  Rained  all  night.  The 
ground  was  a  mere  swamp.  On  the  14th,  the  mud 
dried  somewhat.  Firing  from  near  General  Thomas's 

O 

headquarters.  In  the  sharp  cannonading  from  Hooker's 
left  and  Howard's  right,  the  rebel' Polk  was  killed.  On 
the  15th,  steady  firing.  The  enemy  left  their  position  on 
Pine  Mountain.  Thomas  and  Schofield  advanced,  and 
found  them  strongly  entrenched  on  the  line  of  rugged 
hills  connecting  Kenesaw  and  Lost  Mountains.  At  two, 
P.M. ,  the  Second  moved  to  the  right,  and  advanced  ; 
but  the  division  (the  First)  was  in  reserve,  though  it 
had  a  few  wounded,  while  the  Second  Division  was 
heavily  engaged.  Operations  were  pushed  on  the  IGth  ; 
heavy  firing  of  artillery  and  infantry  ;  the  lines  (includ 
ing  those  of  the  Second)  were  pushed  close  to  the 
enemy's  works.  The  rebel  shells  fell  into  the  hospital, 
and  the  wounded  were  sheltered  behind  the  breastworks. 
The  firing  had  hardly  ever  been  equalled  in  the  experi 
ence  of  the  regiment.  The  rebels  were  forced  to 
evacuate  on  the  morning  of  the  17th.  The  skirmishers 
of  the  Second  (with  the  other  forces)  advanced,  and 
drove  the  enemy  into  their  next  line,  where  the  Second 
halted,  and  threw  up  new  works.  It  rained  all  the  18th  : 
the  Fourth  Corps  was  firing,  but  there  was  no  general 
engagement,  and  the  wounded  of  the  Twentieth  Corps 
were  being  sent  back.  It  rained  all  night,  and  the 
roads  were  in  a  horrible  condition.  The  enemy,  on 
the  19th,  had  fallen  back, — their  centre  (Loring's)  on 


238      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Kenesaw ;  their  right  (Hood's)  covering  Marietta, 
resting  on  the  Marietta  and  Canton  Road ;  their  left 
(Hardee's)  across  the  Lost  Mountain  and  Marietta 
Road,  behind  Nose's  Creek.  The  Second  was  moved 
up,  and  threw  up  new  works  on  the  19th,  — in  doing 
which,  First  Lieutenant  Lord,  a  young  and  gallant 
officer,  was  mortally  wounded.  The  position  of  the 
regiment  was  south  of  Kenesaw.  Heavy  firing  on 
the  20th,  and  steady  rain.  The  brigade  moved  about 
three  miles  to  the  right,  and  built  works  again.  On 
the  21st,  rain :  the  line  was  slightly  changed,  and 
new  works  built.  On  the  22d,  firing  as  usual.  About 
three,  P.M.,  a  very  severe  fire  of  artillery  and  infantry. 
A  movement  had  been  just  made  to  the  right  and 
forward,  when  Hood  suddenly  fell  upon  the  division, 
and  on  a  division  of  Schofield's.  He  drove  in  the 
skirmishers ;  but,  on  nearing  the  lines,  received  a 
severe  repulse,  and  fell  back,  leaving  dead,  wounded, 
and  prisoners.  The  Second,  though  in  the  first  line, 
was  not  engaged,  the  attack  extending  not  quite  so 
far  to  the  right,  but  it  had  two  men  wounded  in 
the  skirmish  line,  —  Gould,  of  B;  and  another.  Du 
ring  the  23d,  24th,  and  25th,  the  regiment  was  undis 
turbed.  On  the  26th,  moved  a  short  distance  to  the 
left,  and  entrenched.  Was  near  a  brook,  and  bathing 
was  a  luxury.  On  the  27th,  the  men  were  spectators 
of  the  unsuccessful  assault  upon  Kenesaw.  The  regi 
ment,  having  moved  in  the  morning,  was  under  a 
heavy  artillery  fire  all  day,  but  laid  low ;  at  night  went 
back  to  yesterday's  position.  On  the  next  two  days, 


FOR    ATLANTA.  239 

they  were  quiet ;  but  the  rebels  made  an  unsuccessful 
attack  on  the  Fourth  Corps. 

There  was  occasional  firing  on  the  30th.  On  the  1st 
of  July,  Colonel  Cogswell,  who  had  been  away  since 
May  23,  returned  with  near  a  hundred  recruits,  and  took 
the  command  which  Lieutenant-Colonel  Morse  had  skil 
fully  held  in  his  absence.  The  regiment  was  in  front  of 
'  Marietta. 

The  enemy's  left  had  been  turned  by  McPherson. 
To  prevent  losing  communication  with  Atlanta,  the 
rebels  abandoned  Kenesaw,  and  fell  back  on  the  2d ; 
and,  on  the  3d,  Thomas's  Army  was  moved  towards  the 
railway,  and  turned  south  towards  the  Chattahoochie. 
The  Second  moved  rapidly  on  to  three  miles  beyond 
Marietta  ;  the  pickets  of  the  division,  under  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Morse,  being  pushed  forward  as  skirmishers, 
had  some  brisk  fighting ;  and,  on  the  4th,  moved  into 
position  in  front  of  the  enemy's  lines  at  Smyrna  Church. 
During  the  night  of  the  4th,  and  morning  of  the  5th, 
the  enemy  fell  back  five  miles  to  still  another  line  of 
defences,  with  his  flanks  resting  on  the  Chattahoochie. 
The  Twentieth  Corps  advanced  (in  front  of  the  point 
where  the  railway  crossed  the  river)  on  the  6th ;  the 
Second  moving  over  rough  roads,  and  through  powerful 
works  deserted  by  the  enemy,  and  camping  in  the 
woods  that  night.  On  the  *  7th,  moved  to  the  left. 
The  weather  came  on  hot.  Insects  were  savage.  But 
Atlanta  was  in  sight. 

There  was  firing  along  the  lines  on  the  9th.  That 
night,  Johnston,  finding  that  Sherman  had  secured 


240      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

three  good  places  of  crossing  the  river,  crossed  the 
Chattahoochie ;  and  left  its  north  bank  to  the  national 
troops,  whose  pickets  advanced  to  the  banks. 

The  troops  needed  rest,  and  it  was  allowed.  Black 
berries  were  plenty.  Changed  camp  on  the  13th. 
But,  on  the  17th,  the  Second  crossed  on  pontoons,  five 
miles  north  of  the  railway  bridge.  Advanced  on  the 
18th,  through  a  heavily  wooded  and  hilly  country,  to 
near  Buckhead,  within  seven  miles  of  Atlanta,  and  due 
north.  On  the  19th,  marched  to  Peach-tree  Creek;  on 
the  20th,  crossed  it,  under  artillery  fire,  advanced  a 
mile  and  a  half,  and  went  into  position, — Tenney,  of 
C,  wounded.  All  the  armies  had  closed  in,  converging 
towards  Atlanta. 

In  the  afternoon  of  the  20th,  about  four  o'clock,  was 
the  bloody  battle  of  Peach-tree  Creek.  The  enemy 
sallied  from  his  works  in  great  force,  and  fell  upon  the 
right  centre  of  the  army,  comprising  a  division  of 
Howard,  Williams's  of  Hooker's,  and  one  of  Palmer's. 
Williams's  Division  was  without  cover;  but,  after  a 
severe  action,  drove  the  enemy  back  to  his  entrench 
ments,  losing  five  hundred  killed  and  wounded.  The 
Second  was  not  engaged,  being  in  the  second  line ;  but 
it  had  one  officer,  Captain  N.  D.  A.  Sawyer,  severely 
wounded,  and  one  enlisted  man  wounded,  in  the  skir 
mish  line. 

On  the  morning  of  the  22d,  it  was  found  that  the 
enemy  had  abandoned  the  line  of  Peach-tree  Creek,  and 
fallen  back  to  the  line  of  redoubts  which  formed  the 
immediate  defence  of  Atlanta.  The  army  crossed 


FOR   ATLANTA.  241 

the  creek,  and  closed  in  upon  the  town,  — Thomas  on 
the  right.  The  Second  built  breastworks  close  to  the 
enemy,  and  under  his  fire.  Cothran,  of  A,  was 
wounded.  That  day,  the  enemy  attacked  the  left  in 
force,  and  McPherson  fell. 

The  regiment  remained  in  its  works.  Officers  climbed 
trees  occasionally,  and  took  a  look  into  Atlanta.  On 
the  27th,  the  Thirteenth  New  Jersey  did  a  handsome 
thing  in  front  of  the  picket  line,  capturing  prisoners, 
and  burning  buildings.  On  the  28th,  General  Hooker 
left  the  corps.  He  felt  aggrieved  by  the  appointment 
of  Howard  to  succeed  McPherson.  General  A.  S. 
Williams  took  command  of  the  corps,  to  serve  until 
General  Slocum,  the  corps'  old  commander,  should 
return,  who  was  immediately  summoned  from  Vicks- 
burg. 

At  daybreak,  on  the  morning  of  July  30,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Morse,  field  officer  of  the  day,  surprised  the 
enemy's  pickets  in  his  front,  and  captured  seventy-two 
in  their  rifle-pits.  The  Second  was  immediately  ordered 
•to  support.  The  regiment  moved  rapidly  forward,  occu 
pied  the  hill  which  had  just  been  taken  from  the  enemy, 
and  hastily  erected  breastworks.  This  position  brought 
the  regiment  within  two  hundred  yards  of  one  of  the 
enemy's  forts,  from  which  a  close  and  hot  fire  was 
immediately  opened  from  artillery,  infantry,  and  sharp 
shooters.  Repeated  attempts  were  made  to  retake 
the  hill,  but  the  enemy  were  effectually  and  steadily 
repulsed.  The  regiment  held  the  position,  replying 

effectually  to  the  fire.     After  six  hours  of  successful 

16 


242      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

service,  and  firing  two  hundred  rounds  per  man,  the 
Second  was  relieved  by  the  Thirteenth  New  Jersey.  It 
returned  to  its  own  works,  with  a  loss  of  but  three 
men  killed,  and  five  wounded.  In  these  works,  killed, 
—  Goodwin,  of  C;  Rhoux,  of  E;  and  Lennon,  of  I. 
Mortally  wounded,  —  Sergeant  Reed,  of  E.  Wounded, 
not  mortally,  —  Caffrey,  Munson,  and  Corporal  McCaw- 
ley,  of  E  ;  and  Sergeant  McCaffrey,  of  I.  On  the  1st  of 
August,  Benson,  of  I,  was  mortally  wounded ;  Dillon, 
of  F,  wounded  (by  shell)  ;  on  the  3d,  Moran,  of  C, 
was  wounded ;  and  on  the  14th,  Burgess,  of  H.  In 
these  works  the  regiment  remained  under  fire,  day  and 
night,  until  the  25th.  Recruits  came  August  9th.  On 
the  13th,  a  large  fire  in  Atlanta. 

While  in  these  works,  Surgeon  Heath,  who  had 
become  sick  by  his  indefatigable  service,  was  sent  back 
to  Chattanooga.  Faithful  to  the  last,  he  worked  when 
he  should  have  rested.  His  disease  proved  fatal,  and 
he  died  at  Chattanooga  on, the  28th  of  August.  One 
of  the  best  surgeons  in  the  army,  "a  faithful,  conscien 
tious,  efficient  officer,  of  superior  qualifications,"  said 
the  official  report,  "  he  wore  himself  out  in"  his  country's 
service.  The  regiment  has  met  with  no  heavier  loss  in 
its  experience."  His  last  entry  in  his  diary,  made  while 
sick  in  front  of  Atlanta,  says,  "Colonel  Cogswell  and 
other  officers  came  to  see  me  to-day."  When  he  died, 
men  of  the  Second,  hardy  and  true,  shed  tears. 

On  the  25th  of  August,  in  the  course  of  Sherman's 
operations  on  the  Atlanta  railways,  the  Twentieth 
Corps  moved  back  to  the  Chattahoochie :  the  Second 


FOR   ATLANTA.  243 

was  stationed  in  a  fort  which  covered  the  railway  bridge 
on  that  river. 

On  the  26th,  General  Slocum  reached  the  corps,  in 
command  of  which  he  had  been  replaced.  Riding 
along  the  lines,  he  was  received  with  the  greatest 
enthusiasm. 

Thirty  recruits  came  on  the  31st.  About  midnight, 
on  the  1st  of  September,  explosions  were  heard  in 
Atlanta.  Whether  it  was  an  attack  or  an  evacuation 
was  unknown.  Keconnoissance  discovered  that  it  was 
the  latter.  The  Second  Division  entered  the  city  in 
the  morning.  And  about  dark  the  Second  Massachu 
setts  entered,  with  music  playing;  camped  in  the 
city  park,  and  Colonel  Cogswell  was  appointed  post- 
commandant  of  Atlanta. 


244  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS   INFANTKY. 


XIX. 

TO    THE    SEA. 

THE  Second  found  rest  in  Atlanta.  In  this  brilliant 
campaign,  possibly  Sherman's  greatest,  the  army  had 
encountered  an  active  enemy,  led  by  the  greatest 
General  of  the  rebel  armies  ;  had  found  fortifications  all 
the  way  from  Chattanooga ;  had  been  in  an  enemy's 
country,  at  an  immense  distance  from  any  possible 
help ;  and  had  experienced  the  severest  hardships  and 
exposures.  The  Second  had  been  in  a  continuous 
movement  of  a  hundred  and  twenty-nine  days.  It 
had  been  under  the  enemy's  fire  for  successive  weeks, 
and  had  acquitted  itself  in  a  way  suited  to  its 
record. 

Colonel  Cogswell  was  post-commandant  at  Atlanta, 
and  acquitted  himself  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  com 
manding  General.1  Lieutenant-Colonel  Morse  was 
returned  by  General  Slocum,  to  the  position  of  provost- 
marshal,  and  Lieutenant  Me  Alpine  was  his  assistant. 
Major  Francis  was  still  inspector,  on  the  staff  of  Gene 
ral  Williams.  Adjutant  Fox  was  post-adjutant.  The 

1  Conversation  of  the  writer  with  General  Sherman. 


TO    THE    SEA.  245 

command    of   the    regiment    devolved    upon    Captain 
Brown,  and  was  in  good  Hands. 

The  regiment  was  provost-guard.  Its  duties  were  to 
patrol  the  streets,  enforce  order,  arrest  all  offenders ; 
guard  all  public  and  private  property,  seize  property 
contraband  of  war ;  and  in  general  to  do  all  the  duties 
of  such  a  work.  The  labor,  often  arduous,  was  per 
formed  with  alacrity  and  faithfulness.  In  these  duties, 
the  Thirty-third  Massachusetts,  Lieutenant -Colonel 
Ryder,  and  afterwards  Lieutenant -Colonel  Doane, 
commanding ;  and  the  One  Hundred  and  Eleventh 
Pennsylvania,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Thomas  M.  Walker 
commanding. 

"The  colonel  commanding,"  Sept.  3,  1864,  "calls 
upon  the  individual  honor  of  each  man  to  assist  the 
regiment  in  the  prompt,  soldierly,  faithful,  and  satisfac 
tory  discharge  of  its  duty."  The  appeal  was  well 
answered. 

General  Sherman  arrived  on  the  7th,  and  already 
foreshadowed  his  determination  to  order  all  the  inhabi 
tants  north  or  south.  Truce  was  established  around 
Rough  and  Ready  Station  on  the  12th,  for  ten  days, 
and  this  necessary  measure  was  accomplished. 

Perfect  order  was  speedily  secured.  On  the  llth, 
the  bells  rang  for  church,  and  all  was  as  quiet  as  Sun 
day  at  home. 

A  curious  order  was  issued  from  higher  powers  on 
the  18th:  "No  lumber"  to  be  "brought  into  camp 
from  any  buildings  torn  down  without  leave  from  proper 
authority." 


246      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTKY. 

On  the  20th,  the  First  Division  was  reviewed  by 
General  Slocum.  The  troops  heartily  cheered  General 
Sherman  as  they  passed  his  quarters.  The  Second 
Division  was  reviewed  on  the  25th,  and  the  Third 
Division  on  the  26th.  The  exchanged  officers  from 
Rough  and  Ready  paid  General  Sherman  a  visit  on  the 
28th,  accompanied  by  the  band  of  the  Thirty-third 
Massachusetts  ;  and  the  General  made  a  characteristic 
speech. 

On  the  29th,  Forrest  was  reported  as  doing  damage 
on  the  road  in  the  rear,  and  troops  were  sent  to  look 
him  up.  General  Sherman  left  with  the  bulk  of  the 
army  on  the  4th  of  October,  —  only  the  Twjentieth 
Corps  and  scattered  detachments  remaining.  Half  of 
the  corps  was  at  that  time  at  work  on  the  new  line 
of  fortifications. 

The  regiment  was  successfully  photographed  on  the 
19th  of  October  and  also  the  colors  ;  the  officers,  also, 
on  the  next  day.  And  rumors  kept  coming  of  rebel 
operations  on  a  small  scale. 

On  the  1st  of  November,  Colonel  Cogswell  was 
notified  that  he  was  to  have  charge  of  the  destruction 
of  all  buildings  and  works  of  any  military  importance. 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Morse  was  to  assist,  with  Lieutenant- 
Colonels  Walker  and  Doane.  Inspections  were  imme 
diately  made.  Walls  and  chimnies  were  undermined, 
ready  for  explosion.  Powder  bags  were  prepared  by 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Morse,  who  tried  a  perfectly  suc 
cessful  experiment  with  a  small  house.  Operations, 
however,  were  temporarily  suspended,  by  order,  on  the 


TO    THE    SEA.  247 

6th.  On  the  7th,  a  communication  came  from  General 
Slocum,  that  Captain  Poe,  chief  engineer  of  the  mili 
tary  Division  of  Mississippi,  would  have  charge  of  the 
destruction,  —  Colonel  Cogswell  to  furnish  the  necessary 
details.  Trains  kept  loading  and  leaving  for  days. 
On  the  llth,  there  was  decided  excitement  caused  by 
fires  set  in  all  parts  of  the  city.  Patrols  were  enlarged, 
and  vigilance  doubled.  The  fires  were  supposed  to  be 
set  by  citizens. 

On  the  12th,  Captain  Poe  began  the  work  of  destruc 
tion,  knocking  down  the  round  houses,  and  tearing  up 
rails.  The  engineer  regiments,  Missouri  and  Michi 
gan,  did  the  work,  —  the  Second  patrolling.  Most  of 
the  buildings  destroyed  were  battered  down.  No  fires 
that  night.  The  same  work  was  continued  on  the  13th. 
On  the  14th,  General  Sherman  arrived.  The  depots 
and  other  buildings  were  fired  in  the  afternoon. 

On  the  15th,  the  Twentieth  Corps  moved  out.  The 
Fourteenth  Corps  came  about  noon.  The  business  part 
of  the  town  and  many  dwellings  were  in  flames,  — "the 
sight  perfectly  magnificent."  The  Fourteenth  Corps 
started  on  the  16th.  The  brigade,  which  was  left  behind 
until  all  other  troops  had  gone,  left  the  city  in  the  after 
noon  (the  Second  Massachusetts  being  the  last  regiment 
which  left  Atlanta)  in  its  ruins. 

The  campaign  to  the  sea  had  begun. 

Changes  had  taken  place.  General  Ruger  had  left 
the  brigade  on  the  9th,  being  assigned  to  command  of  a 
division  of  the  Twenty-third  Corps  :  Lieutenant  Binney 
accompanied  him.  In  the  regiment,  in  addition  to  the 


248      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

line  officers  who  left  on  the  23d  of  May,  Lieutenant 
Lundy  resigned,  and  Quartermaster  Sawyer.  To  fill 
the  vacancies,  promotions  had  been  made  as  follows,  to 
first  lieutenancies  (passing  over  the  second  lieutenancy), 
with  the  date  of  muster,  which  does  not  really  tell  when 
the  officers  had  begun  their  duties  :  Quartermaster-Ser 
geant  Howes  mustered  in  as  first  lieutenant,  June  28  ; 
Sergeant-Major  Eichardson,  same  date;  Jesse  Eich- 
ardson  and  Wm.  T.  Me  Alpine,  July  1  ;  Jed.  C. 
Thompson,  Aug.  11  ;  and  Samuel  Storrow,  for 
merly  a  lieutenant  in  the  Forty-fourth  Massachusetts, 
in  Atlanta  on  the  25th  of  October.  Eichard  Pender- 
gast,  promoted,  was  absent  wounded. 

Several  hundred  enlisted  men  had  been  received. 
They  were  but  a  fraction  of  the  eight  hundred  and 
seventy-five  assigned  to  the  regiment,  —  the  others 
having  deserted  before  joining.  Of  the  three  hundred 
and  forty  actually  received,  more  than  a  hundred  had 
deserted  on  the  road  to  Atlanta.  Some  had  gone  to  the 
enemy,  some  to  the  rear.  These  men  doubtless  never 
intended  to  be  sent  to  the  front,  but  failing  of  oppor 
tunities  to  escape  on  the  road,  deserted  from  the 
regiment.  The  desertions  were  confined  entirely  to 
recruits,  "a  majority  of  them  Dutchmen,  though  many 
of  them  were  Americans  and  New- York  City  ruffians." 
Seven  of  the  deserters  were  taken,  tried,  and  condemned 
to  death  ;  but  the  sentence  was  finally  commuted  to 
imprisonment  at  Nashville. 

Many  of  the  recruits  made  faithful  and  brave  soldiers. 
On  the  8th  of  August,  after  the  fightings,  the  colonel 


TO    THE    SEA.  249 

had  mentioned  them  in  an  order  :  "  The  colonel  com 
manding  takes  this  occasion  to  congratulate  the  regiment 
for  its  cool  and  admirable  behavior  in  the  action  of  the 
30th  of  July.  Considering  that  there  were  many  re 
cruits,  many  of  whom  were  never  under  fire  before,  .  .  . 
the  conduct  of  the  recruits  in  that  action  shows  that 
their  bravery  and  coolness  is  satisfactory.  .  .  .  The  old 
men  of  the  regiment  need  no  congratulations." 

Colonel  Hawley  was  in  command,  as  yet,  of  the 
Third  Wisconsin.  Colonel  Colgrove1  was  no  longer 
with  the  Twenty-seventh  Indiana.  He  had  been 
severely  wounded  in  front  of  Atlanta. 

It  is  not  the  object  of  this  record  to  repeat  the  history 
of  the  campaign.  That  belongs  to  others.  The  move 
ments  of  the  Second  are  all  which  it  is  proposed  to 
follow. 

On  the  evening  when  the  Second  left  Atlanta, 
Nov.  Ifi,  it  marched  through  Decatur  and  five  miles 
beyond,  and  joined  the  rear  of  the  Fourteenth  Corps 
at  ten  o'clock  of  a  fine  moonlight  night.  The 
next  day,  passing  through  Latimer  and  Lithonia,  it 


1  Silas  Colgrove  was  born  in  Steuben  Co.,  N.Y.,  May  24, 1816;  son  of 
Andrew  and  Elizabeth  (Smith)  Colgrove.  When  twenty-one  years  of  age, 
he  went  to  Winchester,  Indiana,  and  studied  law;  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  1839.  Was  in  the  lower  house  of  the  Indiana  Legislature,  three 
terms  (six  years),  and  was  prosecuting  attorney  of  the  Fifth  Judicial  Circuit 
five  years.  He  entered  the  army  in  the  three-months'  service  as  Lieu 
tenant-Colonel  of  the  Eighth 'Indiana,  and  was  in  the  battle  of  Rich 
Mountain.  When  the  Twenty-seventh  Indiana  was  raised,  he  was  appointed 
colonel,  Aug.  29,  1861.  His  bravery  and  energy  were  established  on 
many  battle-fields :  he  was  severely  wounded  in  front  of  Atlanta.  He  was 
brevetted  brigadier-general. 


250      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTKY. 

marched  sixteen  miles  to  Conyers.  The  railway  was 
demolished  by  the  engineers  as  the  troops  advanced. 
Cotton  presses  and  houses  were  also  destroyed.  On 
the  18th,  —  sending  Captain  Brown,  with  the  two  right 
companies,  out  foraging, — the  regiment  moved  at  nine, 
A.M.  ;  reached  Yellow  Eiver  at  three,  P.M.  ;  crossed  it  on 
pontoons,  and  camped  on  the  east  side,  guarding  while 
the  pontoons  were  taken  up.  The  foragers  came  in 
with  two  days'  rations  of  sweet  potatoes,  a  barrel  of 
syrup,  and  considerable  meat.  The  19th  was  rainy. 
The  regiment  marched  through  Covington,  and  crossed 
the  Ulfofauchee- River,  destroying  the  bridge  behind; 
waited  for  the  Fourteenth  Corps  to  get  out  of  the  way, 
and  then  went  three  miles  to  Newbern.  On  the  20th, 
the  regiment  leading  the  brigade,  marched  about  sixteen 
miles.  Captain  Parker,  with  D  and  G,  were  foraging, 
and  came  in  at  noon  with  a  load  of  sweet  potatoes. 
Serge ant-Maj or  Miles  was  missing.  He  was  taken 
prisoner  at  a  time  when  the  rebels  were  hanging  prison 
ers,  but  he  fortunately  escaped  in  a  few  days,  and 
returned  to  the  regiment.  On  the  21st,  a  cold,  rainy 
day  ;  the  regiment  moved  at  seven,  A.M.  ;  left  the  Four 
teenth  Corps  at  Eatonton  Factory,  and  crossed  Little 
River.  On  the  22d,  passed  through  Eaton ville  Village, 
crossed  the  Little  River  again  on  pontoons,  and  camped 
at  Meriw ether.  Here  it  rejoined  its  corps,  which  was 
part  of  the  left  wing. 

On  the  23d,  reached  Milledgeville  at  eleven,  A.M.  ; 
crossed  the  Oconee  River,  and  joined  its  own  brigade 
in  camp.  Marched  at  daylight  on  the  24th,  and 


TO    THE    SEA.  251 

reached  Hebron.  Plenty  of  sweet  potatoes.  Had 
"  Thanksgiving  "  festivities  in  the  evening,  —  Colonels 
Carman,  Hawley,  and  Stevenson,  dining  at  the  head 
quarters  of  the  Second.  On  the  25th,  the  regiment 
went  out  with  a  foraging  party,  but  was  stopped  at 
Buffalo  Creek,  and  ordered  back  on  account  of  Wheel 
er's  Cavalry.  The  troops  crossed  after  a  short  skirmish, 
and  camped  about  three  miles  beyond.  On  the  26th, 
the  brigade  was  in  advance,  and  skirmished  into  San 
ders  ville,  driving  the  rebel  cavalry  before  it.  Went 
into  town  in  line  of  battle,  tearing  its  way  through  all 
obstacles.  In  the  afternoon,  marched  to  Serrill's  Sta 
tion,  and  destroyed  a  mile  or  two  of  track.  Marched, 
by  a  round-about  road,  the  next  day  to  Davisboro'  Sta 
tion,  on  the  Georgia  Central  Koad.  Sweet  potatoes  were 
plenty,  and  a  great  deal  of  cotton  was  destroyed.  On 
the  28th,  marched  along  the  railway  to  Spear's  Turn 
out  :  the  division  destroyed  the  road  for  that  distance. 
On  the  29th,  destroyed  seven  miles  of  railway,  and 
burnt  a  large  amount  of  bridge  timber.  On  the  30th, 
crossed  the  Ogeechee  four  or  five  miles  south  of  Louis 
ville,  on  an  old  wagon-bridge,  and  camped  about  three 
miles  beyond.  Joined  the  Third  Division  with  the 
wagons.  Kilpatrick  was  reported  to  have  been  forced 
back  from  Waynesboro'.  The  division  moved  about 
noon  on  the  1st  of  December,  following  the  Second 
Division,  and  marching  eleven  miles  through  some 
awful  swamps  and  mud-holes  ;  reached  camp  at  mid 
night.  The  Second  was  another  hard  day  with  the 
wagons,  not  reaching  camp  till  ten,  P.M  ;  passed  through 


252      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

some  fine  plantations  near  Birds ville ;    weather  warm 
and  pleasant  as  June. 

On  the  3d,  the  brigade  left  about  eleven,  A.M.  ;  vis 
ited  the  Millen  prison-pen,  and  found  it  as  bad  as  ever 
reported.  Eight  men  were  found  dead,  and  unburied  in 
their  huts.  The  regiment  camped  after  a  march  of  ten 
or  twelve  miles.  The  regiment  led  the  corps  on  the 
4th ;  made  about  fourteen  miles,  crossing  four  or  five 
creeks  ;  and  camped  near  Hunter's  Mills.  Heard  guns, 
which  the  citizens  said  were  fired  at  Charleston,  sev 
enty-five  miles  away.  Lay  in  camp,  on  the  5th,  until 
six,  P.M.,  —  the  Second  and  Third  Divisions  passing; 
had  a  rough  night,  roads  bad,  and  being  behind  the 
whole  train,  got  into  camp  at  half-past  two,  A.M. 
Marched  again  at  nine  o'clock,  and  camped  at  seven, 
P.M.  On  the  7th,  went  through  several  miles  of  pine 
swamp,  crossed  Turkey  Branch  about  eight,  P.M.,  and 
camped  near  Springfield  about  eleven  o'clock.  Day 
rainy,  and  many  of  the  wagons  had  to  be  pulled  out  of 
the  mud  by  the  men.  On  the  8th,  all  wagons  were 
left  in  charge  of  the  Third  Division,  except  ambulance 
and  headquarter  wagons.  Marched  about  ten  miles, 
the  regiment  in  rear  of  division  ;  the  roads  were  ob 
structed  with  trees  felled  by  the  rebels. 

On  the  9th,  moved  at  seven,  A.M.  ;  struck  a  good 
sand  road  after  a  mile  or  two.  Halted,  and  had  an 
inspection,  and  renewed  ammunition.  About  fifteen 
miles  from  Savannah,  came  upon  a  rebel  work  mounting 
two  guns.  The  brigade  was  sent  to  get  on  its  flank  and 
rear  ;  the  position  was  carried,  and  the  regiment  camped. 


TO    THE    SEA.  253 

Moved  at  seven,  A.M.,  on  the  10th,  meeting  with  no 
opposition  ;  and  struck  the  Charleston  and  Savannah  rail 
way  about  ten  miles  from  Savannah.  The  brigade  was 
put  to  work  destroying  the  railway.  In  the  afternoon, 
it  was  moved  to  the  front.  Rebel  batteries  were  en 
countered  about  four  miles  from  Savannah,  and  the  brig 
ade  went  into  camp,  in  line  of  battle,  about  half  a  mile 
from  the  enemy's  works. 

The  next  morning,  the  Second  and  the  One  Hundred 
and  Seventh  New  York,  under  Colonel  Cogswell,  were 
ordered  on  a  reconnoissance  in  front.  They  found  the 
rebels  in  a  line  of  works  on  the  other  side  of  a  flooded 
rice-swamp,  and  then  returned.  The  line  was  moved 
forward  on  the  morning  of  the  12th.  There  was  can 
nonade  on  the  left  and  right.  Forage  and  rations  were 
short.  That  morning,  Battery  I,  First  New- York  Ar 
tillery,  captured  a  gunboat  on  the  Savannah  River.  The 
next  day,  Fort  McAlister  was  captured,  and  the  fleet 
was  coming  up.  The  army  had  found  the  sea. 

On  the  15th,  in  the  afternoon,  orders  came  to 
cross  to  Argyle  Island,  and  join  the  Third  Wiscon 
sin.  Crossed  with  considerable  difficulty  on  flatboats, 
getting  aground,  and  waiting  for  the  tide ;  went  into 
camp  on  the  island  about  ten,  P.M.  On  the  16th,  the 
remainder  of  the  brigade  crossed.  A  battery  on  the 
opposite  shore  was  annoying,  stopping  the  rice-mill, 
and  forcing  the  troops  to  lie  all  day  behind  a  dyke.  A 
gunboat  was  shelling  the  line  also.  The  next  day,  a 
huge  mail  was  received. 

On  the  19th,  the  brigade  crossed  the  river  at  day- 


254      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

light,  under  Colonel  Hawley, — the  Third  Wisconsin  in 
advance.  A  landing  was  secured  without  loss  of  life. 
The  brigade  advanced  about  three  miles,  securing  good 
positions,  and  steadily  driving  the  enemy.  In  the  after 
noon,  the  rebels  showed  considerable  force,  and  opened 
fire  of  shell  from  two  guns.  They  charged,  also,  four 
companies  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Seventh  New 
York,  but  were  repulsed.  The  brigade  had  a  section 
of  a  battery.  Before  daylight  of  the  20th,  it  had 
thrown  up  breastworks.  This  position  seriously  threat 
ened  the  only  rebel  line  of  retreat  from  Savannah. 
There  was  heavy  firing  in  front  of  Savannah ;  and  the 
enemy  appeared  to  be  evacuating  the  city,  by  the  ap 
pearance  of  the  wagons. 

About  seven,  A.M.,  Dec.  21,  the  regiment  received 
orders  to  recross  the  river.  Savannah  had  surrendered. 
The  regiment  (excepting  Companies  C  and  A)  and 
the  artillery  crossed  safely  to  Argyle  Island.  The 
enemy  then  pressed  the  remainder  of  the  brigade  (with 
C  and  A)  so  closely,  that  it  was  ten,  P.M.,  before  all 
were  on  the  island.  A  heavy  wind  prevented  any 
crossing  from  the  island  to  the  Georgia  shore.  The 
Second  attempted  it,  but  was  blown  a  mile  down  the 
river  upon  Hutchinson's  Island.  The  22d  was  spent 
in  crossing  the  brigade.  About  four,  P.M.,  the  cross 
ing  having  been  completed,  the  brigade  marched  until 
ten,  P.M.,  and  went  into  camp,  —  the  right  very  near 
the  river.  The  night  was  very  cold. 

The  next  day,  a  camp  was  laid  out,  which  was  soon 
built.  Eations  were  scarce,  —  during  the  fortnight,  re- 


TO    THE    SEA.  255 

lieved  by  a  load  of  oysters,  "small,  but  good."  On  the 
31st,  just  after  "muster,"  orders  came  to  move  to  the 
left,  —  the  Third  Division  being  ordered  over  into 
South  Carolina :  a  good  camp  was  lost  in  exchange  for 
a  poor  one. 

On  the  30th,  the  Twentieth  Corps  was  reviewed  by 
General  Sherman  in  Savannah.  The  day  was  fine  and 
warm. 

Thus  the  year  closed.  The  march  to  the  sea  had 
ended.  Cutting  loose  from  its  base ;  traversing  an 
enemy's  country  over  three  hundred  miles ;  with  less 
than  half-rations  of  coffee,  sugar,  and  salt,  with  but  one- 
sixth  rations  of  bread, — making  up  deficiencies  from  the 
sweet  potatoes,  syrup,  corn  meal,  beef  cattle,  sheep, 
poultry,  and  other  provisions  of  the  country,  —  the 
army  had  won  the  imperishable  honor  of  Sherman's 
march  to  the  sea.  The  losses  of  the  Second  had  been 
only  nine  prisoners,  and  three  wounded. 


256      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 


XX. 

THROUGH    THE     CAROLINAS. 

ON  the  1st  day  of  January,  1865,  the  regiment  was  still 
in  camp  a  mile  from  Savannah.  The  new  year  came  in 
clear  and  cold.  But  it  was  the  last  year  of  the  war. 

On  the  14th,  two  former  enlisted  men  of  the  Second 
visited  camp,  Major  Nutt  and  Lieutenant  Ellsworth,  of 
the  Fifty-fifth  Massachusetts.  They  had  proved  their 
training. 

On  the  16th,  Colonel  Cogswell,  brevetted  brigadier- 
general,  made  a  parting  address  to  the  regiment.  He 
had  earned  promotion,  of  which  a  brevet  was  a  scanty 
grade.  From  April,  1861,  he  had  been  in  service  ;  and 
for  most  of  the  time  after  the  battle  of  Antietam  had 
commanded  the  regiment.  He  was  assigned  to  com 
mand  of  the  Third  Brigade  in  the  Third  Division  of 
the  Corps.  Lieutenant  Storrow  went  with  him  as  aid. 

General  Cogswell's  parting  address  was  as  follows  :  — 

SAVANNAH,  GA.,  Jan.  16, 1865. 
To  the  Officers  and  Enlisted  Men  of  the  Second  Massachusetts  Infantry. 

In  leaving  the  command  of  the  Second  Massachusetts 
Infantry,  the  undersigned  takes  this  occasion  to  express  his 
regrets  at  the  separation. 


THROUGH  THE  CAROLINAS.          257 

I  have  been  with  you  three  years  and  eight  months, 
through  most  of  the  many  campaigns  that  have  added  so 
much  glory  and  renown  to  your  name  and  fame.  We  have 
shared  together  most  of  those  severe  battles  that  have  cost 
us  so  many  brave  and  heroic  lives,  and  have  assisted  so 
much  in  giving  victory  to  our  arms. 

I  leave  you  now  for  another  post  of  duty ;  and  I 
cannot  but  feel,  from  the  bottom  of  my  heart,  the  deepest 
sorrow  at  parting  from  so  old,  brave,  and  well-tried  a 
command,  and  one  that  I  love  so  much.  Your  good 
name  is  known,  and  will  be  remembered  whenever  the 
battles  of  the  Potomac,  or  the  campaigns  of  Sherman,  are 
read. 

The  battles  from  Winchester  to  Atlanta  attest  your 
patriotism  and  zeal ;  and  the  forty  graves  of  Gettysburg, 
your  unflinching  bravery  and  heroic  daring.  No  one  who 
has  been  with  you  from  the  beginning,  or  who  properly 
appreciates  the  honor  of  belonging  to  the  regiment,  can 
leave  you  but  with  sorrow  from  the  fact  that  he  is  no 
longer  to  be  one  among  you. 

By  a  careful  and  prompt  obedience  to  orders,  by  your 
soldierly  conduct  and  bearing,  by  your  regular  and  sys 
tematic  discipline,  by  your  bravery  on  the  field,  and  by 
your  faithful  attention  to  duty,  you  have  gained  the  confi 
dence  and  respect  of  all  with  whom  and  under  whom  you 
have  served,  and  made  for  yourself  a  history  that  will  be 
remembered  when  we  all  shall  have  passed  away ;  and 
remember,  that  it  is  by  reason  of  your  discipline  and 
conduct,  and  attention  to  duty,  that  you  have  done  this, 
and  whatever  you  are  or  may  hope  to  be  in  the  future, 
is  and  will  be  attributable  to  this,  and  this  alone. 

That  the  same  name  and  record,  as  yet  untarnished 
and  unequalled,  may  attend  you  in  the  future  that  has 
in  the  past,  is  the  best  and  most  earnest  wish  of  your 
late  commander. 

17 


258  'SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

% 

Whatever  of  faults  are  mine,  at  least  I  have  tried  to 
do  my  best  for  your  welfare  and  comfort,  and  for  the 
honor  of  your  organization.  • 

Wherever  I  may  be  called,  no  greater  honor  can  await 
me  than  that  of  having  belonged  to  the  Second  Massa 
chusetts  Infantry  ;  and,  wherever  I  am,  my  wishes  and 
thoughts  will  always  be  with  you.  I  am  happy  that  in 
my  successor  you  have  an  officer  so  eminently  qualified 
to  lead  and  command  you  on  the  field,  so  ably  to  care 
for  and  instruct  you  in  camp. 

WILLIAM  COGSWELL, 

Brevet  Brigadier-General  U.S.  Vols. 

Lieutenant  -  Colonel  Morse  took  command  of  the 
regiment  which  he  was  henceforth  to  lead  until  (save 
while  disabled  by  wounds)  the  end  of  the  war,  wisely, 
bravely,  and  skilfully  to  close  a  line  of  commanders, 
as  satisfactorily  as  it  opened.  Colonel  Hawley,  the  able 
leader  of  the  Third  Wisconsin,  took  command  of  the 
brigade.  The  division  was  led  by  General  Jackson, 
and  Brigadier-General  A.  S.  Williams  commanded  the 
corps.  The  corps  was  in  the  left  wing,  under  General 
Slocum. 

On  the  15th  of  January,  some  parts  of  the  army 
had  moved.  On  the  17th,  the  Second,  in  its  division, 
crossed  the  Savannah  on  pontoons,  and  marched  eight 
miles  up  the*  bank  of  the  river,  and  went  for  the  night 
into  the  old  camps  of  the  Third  Division.  The  cam 
paign  northward  was  begun. 

On  the  18th,  the  regiment  moved  seven  miles  towards 
Hardeeville.  On  the  19th,  seven  miles  through  Har- 
deeville,  and  camped  at  Purysburgh,  at  the  steamboat 


THROUGH    THE    CAROLINAS.  259 

landing  on  the  river.  The  steamer  "Pontiac"  came  up, 
and  two  transports  with  rations.  Heavy  rain.  Rain 
on  the  20th  :  the  roads  and  country  for  twenty  miles 
were  under  water  ;  rain  on  the  21st,  and  ditched  camp  ; 
rain  on  the  22d.  On  that  day  Surgeon  Curtis  E. 
Maun  joined  the  regiment,  taking  the  place  of  the  la 
mented  Heath, — Assistant-Surgeon  Nichols  declining 
promotion,  to  be  surgeon  in  the  Third  Massachusetts 
Heavy  Artillery.  Surgeon  Tracy,  of  the  Forty-sixth 
Pennsylvania,  had  been  assigned  to  duty  with  the 
regiment  for  a  few  days.  On  the  23d,  rain,  with  a 
gleam  of  sunshine ;  on  the  24th,  clear  and  cold ;  on 
the  25th,  cloudy  and  cold.  In  this  period,  from  the 
19th,  the  weather  was  severe.  The  river  banks  were 
overflowed  in  many  places  :  the  camps  were  very  wet, 
and  the  troops  suffered  much  from  exposure. 

On  the  26th,  a  cold  and  windy  day,  the  regiment 
marched  about  four  and  a  half  miles  up  the  river,  on 
the  Sister's  Ferry  Road.  On  the  27th,  eleven  miles,  on 
the  Robertville  Road,  —  obstructions  on  the  route  not  so 
numerous.  Forage  plenty.  On  the  28th,  counter 
marched  back  to  the  cross  roads,  and  about  half  a  mile 
towards  Sister's  Ferry.  Found  the  road  impracticable. 
Countermarched  again,  and  went  towards  Robertville 
about  five  miles.  The  road  was  obstructed  by  felled 
trees,  rail-barricades,  &c.  :  the  enemy's  scouts  retired 
after  exchanging  shots.  On  the  29th,  went  to  Robert 
ville,  —  about  five  miles.  The  brigade  was  in  advance, 
and  the  Third  Wisconsin  drove  a  regiment  of  Wheeler's 
Cavalry  out  of  town  on  the  run,  themselves  losing  three 


2(50  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

or  four  men.  Camped  on  Sister's  Ferry  Eoad  in  posi 
tion.  The  30th,  fair  and  cold  ;  also  the  31st.  Forage 
of  all  kinds  plenty.  On  Feb.  1,  brigade  drill  was  had, 
under  Colonel  Hawley. 

The  army  now  cut  loose  from  the  river  base,  and 
marched  for  the  heart  of  South  Carolina.  The  regi 
ment  left  Robertville,  Feb.  2,  at  nine,  A.M.,  guard 
ing  the  ammunition-train,  —  Company  D  foraging  ; 
marched  twelve  miles  and  camped  near  Lawtonville. 
Plenty  of  potatoes,  and  some  pork.  On  the  3d,  moved 
at  daylight,  brigade  in  advance,  One  Hundred  and 
Seventh  New  York  leading ;  made  about  ten  miles,  to  a 
branch  of  Duck  Creek.  Forage  of  all  kinds  was  abun 
dant.  Men  filled  their  haversacks  with  salt,  fresh  pork, 
and  sweet  potatoes.  On  the  4th,  brigade  in  the  rear, 
guarding  wagons  over  a  bad  road,  changing  by-and-by 
to  good,  about  ten  miles,  to  within  two  miles  of  Allen- 
dale  Post-office ;  camping  about  nine,  P.M.  On  the 
5th,  up  at  half-past  five;  off  at  seven,  A.M.,  through 
Allendale,  and  by  a  cross-road  to  within  two  miles  of 
Beaufort's  Bridge ;  roads  good ;  First  Brigade  in  ad 
vance,  Third  following.  Some  foragers  missing.  On 
the  6th,  moved  at  eight  o'clock,  cold  and  wet ;  guarded 
wagons  through  a  swamp  a  mile  wide,  and  across  the 
Salkehatchie ;  at  noon  left  the  train,  and  finished  a 
march  of  eleven  miles,  to  near  Duncanville.  On  the 
7th,  cold  and  rainy;  moved  at  half-past  six,  A.M., 
the  regiment  the  advance  of  the  corps ;  struck  the 
Charleston  and  Augusta  railway  about  half  past  four, 
P.M. ,  and  camped  on  the  north  side  of  the  road.  On 


THROUGH  THE  CAROLINAS.          261 

the  8th,  moved  at  half-past  six,  A.M.,  tearing  up  the 
track;  "quite  an  interesting  operation,"  says  a  diary ; 
camped  at  night  at  Graham's  Station,  in  the  woods, 
having  spoilt  three  miles  of  railway-track.  The  9th  was 
cold,  with  a  snow-squall;  inarched  at  eight,  A.M.,  by 
road  near  railway,  through  Black  well's  Station,  in 
swampy  ground,  and  made  about  fifteen  miles.  For 
agers  quite  successful.  On  the  10th,  marched  at  ten, 
A.M.,  guard  to  brigade  train,  to  near  Williston's  Station, 
and  covering  flank,  while  the  rest  of  the  brigade  was 
destroying  railway ;  countermarched  about  three  miles, 
and  camped  near  the  railway.  On  the  llth,  went  to 
work  destroying  railway ;  marched  at  half-past  nine, 
A.M.,  to  a  branch  of  the  Edisto  at  Duncan's  Bridge; 
after  much  delay, — reaching  it  at  three,  P.M.,  —  crossed 
it  and  the  adjacent  swamps,  and  reached  camp  near  the 
north  side,  about  nine,  P.M.  Heard  artillery  firing 
somewhere.  Three  days'  rations  issued,  "  to  last  eight 
days."  On  the  12th,  moved  at  eleven,  A.M.,  in  rear  of 
division  wagon-train,  ten  miles,  to  near  the  north 
branch  of  the  Edisto  River,  camping  two  miles  from 
Jones's  Bridge.  Crossed  the  Edi|to  on  the  13th,  —  a 
fair,  cold  day,  —  and  marched  about  five  miles  towards 
Columbia.  Foraging  party  successful.  The  enemy 
were  numerous  on  the  flanks,  skirmishing  with  the  for 
agers. 

On  the  14th,  cold,  cloudy,  and  rain  after  noon ; 
moved,  about  nine,  A.M.,  a  mile  or  two  to  cross-roads, 
where  the  brigade  went  into  position  to  cover  the  road 
while  the  corps  passed.  At  three,  P.  M.,  fell  in  at 


262      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

the  rear ;  moved  on  Lexington  Court-house  Road,  and 
camped  at  crossing  of  Augusta  and  Columbia  Road. 
Artillery  fire  on  the  left.  Enemy's  cavalry  close  on 
the  flanks,  so  that  the  foraging  party  did  not  get  much. 
On  the  15th,  cloudy  and  cold;  marched  at  noon, 
with  the  wagons  ;  roads  bad,  and  bridges  burnt  by  the 
enemy.  Camped,  about  midnight,  a  mile  from  Lex 
ington  Court-house.  Foraging  party  got  nothing  that 
day, — poor  country.  On  the  16th,  moved  on  the 
Columbia  Road,  about  half-past  seven,  A.  M.,  Third 
Division  in  advance.  Heard  firing,  —  advance  reach 
ing  Congaree  River,  and  shelling  the  town  to  dislodge 
Wheeler's  Cavalry ;  camped  about  three  miles  from  the 
river,  having  marched  about  seven  miles.  On  the 
17th,  marched  at  eight,  A.M.,  guarding  wagons  for 
two  hours ;  then  lay  all  day  in  a  muddy  cornfield,  — 
artillery,  infantry,  and  wagons,  all  massed ;  at  ten, 
P.M.,  crossed  the  Saluda  on  pontoons,  and  camped. 
Columbia  was  occupied  by  the  right  wing.  Foraging 
party  was  permanently  organized  under  Captain  Brown. 
Procured  one  day's  rations  of  potatoes,  and  fresh  beef 
was  issued.  On  the  18th,  the  Second  and  Third  Di 
visions  were  passing  all  day;  moved  at  four,  P.M., 
with  the  wagons  ;  passed  burning  buildings,  woods  on 
fire,  and  the  usual  work  of  the  advance  in  South  Caro 
lina  ;  made  seven  miles.  Foraging  party  got  nothing  ; 
no  rations  issued,  and  the  regiment  very  short  of  food. 

On  the  19th,  a  very  fine  day,  left  camp  at  eleven, 
A.M.  ;  marched  with  wagons  about  four  miles  to  near 
Alston's  Ferry,  and  camped.  Received  some  meat 


THROUGH  THE  CAROLINAS.          263 

from  foraging  party  on  the  road,  and  at  night  the 
party  brought  in  a  day's  rations.  The  men  had  had 
nothing  to  eat  since  the  morning  of  the  day  before. 
The  Fourteenth  Corps  being  in  advance,  the  country 
was  well  eaten  up.  On  the  20th,  left  at  half-past 
seven,  A.M.  ;  marched  to  Alston's  Ferry,  and  crossed 
Broad  River  on  pontoons,  and  made  about  six  miles  on 
the  Winnsborough  Road.  The  Fourteenth  Corps  had 
gone  to  the  left.  Rolling  country,  better  looking,  and 
more  thickly  settled.  On  the  21st,  on  the  road  at  ten, 
A.M.,  with  wagons;  division  in  the  rear.  Marched 
about  ten  miles,  through  Winns borough  :  camped  two 
miles  beyond  the  town.  Good-looking  country.  For 
agers  successful ;  four  days'  meat  and  one  day's 
potatoes.  On  the  22d,  cloudy  and  cold,  marched 
with  train,  at  ten,  A.M.,  seventeen  miles  over  hilly 
roads,  to  Rocky  Mount  Post-office,  and  camped  at  ten, 
P.M.,  near  branch  of  the  Wateree  River.  Foragers 
brought  in  plenty  of  meat.  The  23d  was  cloudy  and 
cool.  Marched  at  half-past  six,  A.M.  ;  crossed  the 
main  branch  of  the  Wateree  on  pontoons,  and  marched 
three  miles  beyond.  Passed  General  Sherman's  head 
quarters.  Rained  all  night. 

On  the  24th,  rained  all  day.  Moved  at  seven,  A.M.  ; 
went  about  a  mile  on  the  wrong  road ;  turned  back  and 
took  another ;  ran  into  Fifteenth  and  Seventeenth 
Corps;  and  went  into  camp  about  eleven,  A.M.,  in  a 
hollow.  Lay  all  the  rainy  25th  in  camp,  waiting  for 
movements,  of  other  troops.  Lieutenant  J.  C.  Thomp 
son  put  in  charge  of  foraging  party.  On  the  26th, 


264      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

ready  to  move  at  nine,  A.M.  ;  did  move  about  five, 
P.M.,  in  rear  of  wagon  train.  Went  about  seven  miles 
on  very  muddy  roads,  towards  Hanging-rock  Post-office, 
and  camped  at  eleven,  P.M.  Foraging  party  did  not 
come  in.  On  the  27th,  fair,  with  slight  rain  in  the  af 
ternoon.  Marched  at  half-past  six,  A.M.,  to  Hanging- 
rock  Post-office ;  crossed  Hanging-rock  Creek,  and 
camped,  having  made  two  miles  and  a  half.  Foragers 
brought  in  two  days'  rations  of  meal  and  bacon.  On 
the  28th,  wThich  was  rainy,  mustered  for  payment ; 
marched  at  four,  P.M.,  with  the  wagons ;  crossed  Little 
Lynch's  Creek ;  made  about  eight  miles  of  road,  very 
bad  in  spots. 

March  1,  rainy;  marched  at  seven,  A.M.,  in  the 
advance  of  division ;  crossed  Lynch's  Creek ;  made 
about  twelve  miles  over  level,  sandy  roads,  and 
camped.  Foragers  brought  in  mules  and  horses. 
On  the  2d,  rainy ;  moved  at  seven,  A.M.,  First  Brigade 
in  advance,  Third  Brigade  next ;  crossed  Black  Creek, 
and  moved  on  Chesterfield  Road  to  within  three  miles 
of  that  place.  The  advance  had  quite  heavy  skirmish 
ing.  The  regiment  turned  off  to  the  left  of  the  town 
to  occupy  a  bridge  over  Thompson's  Creek,  which,  after 
some  skirmishing  with  the  enemy,  was  done  by  Captain 
Brown.  Threw  up  rail  breastworks,  and  held  the 
position.  Had  marched  twenty-one  miles.  Foragers 
came  in,  with  plenty  of  meal,  flour,  and  bacon.  On 
the  3d,  misty,  rainy ;  Captain  Parker,  with  Com 
panies  B  and  G,  went  out  on  reconnoissance,  and 
captured  bacon,  fodder,  and  animals.  The  regiment 


THROUGH   THE    CAROLINAS.  265 

re-crossed  the  bridge,  and  crossed  the  other,  camp 
ing  a  mile  beyond.  Two  men  of  the  Thirteenth  New 
Jersey  were  captured  close  by  the  pickets.  Marched 
at  three,  P.M.,  through  Chesterfield;  crossed  Thomp 
son's  Creek  on  the  lower  bridge ;  marched  about  a 
mile  further  on  the  road  leading  to  Cheraw ;  heard 
that  Cheraw  had  been  taken  by  the  right  wing  ; 
turned  back,  and  camped.  Discovered  cotton  and 
corn  buried  in  a  family  graveyard.  On  the  4th,  rainy, 
warmer;  marched  at  three,  P.M.,  on  Sneedsboro' Road, 
seven  miles,  to  within  two  miles  of  Peedee  River,  over 
roads  bad  in  places,  and  camped  near  the  line  between 
North  and  South  Carolina.  Wagons  brought  in  flour 
and  hams.  On  the  5th,  in  camp  ;  had  inspection  of 
arms.  Heard  explosions  at  Cheraw.  A  Massachu 
setts  officer,  escaped  from  rebel  prisons,  joined  the 
regiment.  On  the  6th,  a  fair,  cool  day ;  moved  at 
nine,  A.M.  ;  marched  on  a  plank  road  to  Cheraw,  and 
about  three,  P.M.,  into  town,  in  column  by  divisions, 
with  music ;  rested  in  the  main  street  until  half-past 
eight,  P.M.  The  delays,  caused  by  the  breaking  of  the 
bridge  in  part,  were  improved  by  making  fires  and  get 
ting  supper,  which  left  the  town-pump  without  a  fence, 
and  Mrs.  Lincoln's  brother  without  a  buggy :  another 
escaped  officer  came  into  camp.  In  the  evening,  the 
regiment  crossed  the  Peedee  on  a  pontoon  bridge, 
marched  five  miles  on  the  Fayetteville  Road,  and 
camped  an  hour  after  midnight,  having  made  fifteen 
miles.  On  the  7th,  marched  at  seven,  A.M.  (Second 
Division  in  advance,  First  following)  ;  made  about  fif- 


266  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTKY. 

teen  miles,  and  camped  near  an  unfinished  railway,  — 
the  Florence  and  Fayette.  The  sandy  roads  were 
good,  through  a  rolling  country,  wooded  with  pine. 
The  foragers  went  to  Rockingham ;  with  others,  cap 
tured  the  place,  and  brought  back  bacon.  The  8th 
was  very  rainy  ;  marched  at  eight,  A.M.,  First  Division 
in  advance  (the  brigade  being  in  the  rear  with  wagons) , 
through  pine  woods,  thirteen  miles.  The  Fourteenth 
Corps  was  on  the  same  road,  which  occasioned  delays ; 
but  got  into  camp  about  six,  P.M. 

On  the  9th,  rainy ;  moved  with  wagons  at  seven, 
A.M.,  through  pines,  and  by  rosin  pits.  The  country 
was  deluged  with  water.  Crossed  swamps  and  the 
Lumber  River ;  corduroyed  the  road,  up  to  the  knees 
in  water,  and  in  a  pelting  rain,  working  till  after  dark, 
and  helping  the  teams  all  night.  Camped  at  midnight, 
short  of  rations,  after  seven  miles'  march.  On  the 
10th,  rainy ;  marched  at  eight,  A.M.,  and  corduroyed; 
made  eight  miles,  with  nothing  to  eat.  Sun  came  out 
about  two,  P.M.  ;  camped  at  six,  P.M.,  and  drew  one 
day's  rations  of  meal  and  fresh  beef.  On  the  llth,  cold 
and  fair;  started  at  half-past  eleven,  A.M.,  on  a  forced 
march  for  Fayetteville  ;  the  first  nine  miles  of  road  were 
bad,  and  encumbered  by  trains  to  be  passed ;  the  last 
ten,  on  a  plank  road,  were  made  without  a  halt.  When 
within  two  miles  of  Fayetteville,  it  was  learned  that 
the  town  had  been  occupied  by  the  right  wing ;  and  a 
little  past  nine,  P.M.,  the  regiment  camped.  Foragers 
came  in  with  plenty  of  meal  and  some  meat,  and  men 
were  grinding  more  meal  at  a  mill. 


THROUGH  THE  CAROLINAS,          267 

On  the  12th,  remained  in  camp.  A  tug-boat  came 
up  the  Cape-Fear  River,  and  communication  was  again 
established  with  the  North,  which  had  been  suspended 
since  Feb.  1.  Had  a  day's  rations  of  hard  bread, 
coffee,  and  sugar. 

On  the  13th,  the  regiment  passed  through  Fayette- 
ville,  with  music,  in  review  before  Generals  Sherman 
and  Slocum.  Crossed  the  Cape-Fear  River  on  pon 
toons,  marched  on  plank  road,  and  camped  four  miles 
from  the  river.  On  the  14th,  —  a  beautiful  day,  — re 
mained  in  camp  until  about  noon,  when  the  Second 
and  the  Thirteenth  New  Jersey  were  sent  out  under 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Morse  to  get  forage.  The  Third 
Brigade  of  the  Third  Division,  some  distance  in  ad 
vance,  had  some  skirmishing.  Colonel  Morse  sent 
out  parties  twice  on  side  roads ;  started  back  about 
seven,  P.M.,  and  made  the  nine  miles  of  return  without 
a  halt,  bringing  in  the  wagons  loaded  with  corn  and  fod 
der  ;  and  Captain  Parker  put  a  mill  in  running  order. 

On  the  15th,  a  cloudy,  rainy  day;  marched  about 
ten  miles  on  a  plank  road  to  a  church,  but  not  to  use 
it.  Found  Kilpatrick's  Cavalry  occupying  the  road, 
and  went  into  camp  in  a  very  ancient  graveyard.  But 
at  eight,  P.M.,  the  brigade  was  ordered  out,  in  the  dark 
ness  and  rain,  to  move  on  in  support  of  the  cavalry. 
At  Kilpatrick's  request,  General  Slocum  had  ordered 
out  a  brigade  to  hold  a  line  of  barricades.  Went  on, 
over  execrable  roads,  five  miles,  and  found  the  cavalry 
in  position.  Relieved  one  brigade  of  these  ;  went  into 
position,  and  bivouacked  in  face  of  the  enemy  and  in  mud. 


268      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INPANTRY. 

Hardee,  "in  retreating  from  Fayetteville,  had  halted 
in  the  narrow  swampy  neck  between  Cape  Fear  and 
South  Rivers  in  the. hope  of  holding  Sherman  there,  in 
order  to  save  time  for  the  concentration  of  Johnson's 
armies  at  some  point  in  his  rear."  *  General  Slocum 
was  ordered  to  dislodge  him,  that  the  army  might  have 
the  use  of  the  Goldsborough  Eoad.  The  Twentieth 
Corps  had  the  advance.  The  First  Division  was  on  the 
right,  and  Ward's  next :  on  the  left,  were  two  divisions 
of  the  Fourteenth  Corps.  The  enemy  were  in  force, 
and  well  posted,  with  defences. 

The  share  of  the  Second  in  the  engagement  of  that 
day  was  this  :  The  brigade  (the  Second  on  the  left) , 
supported  on  the  flanks  by  cavalry,  moved  forward  at 
seven,  A.M.,  with  skirmishers  well  thrown  out,  and 
advanced  on  the  enemy.  The  rebel  skirmishers  were 
driven  in,  after  a  decided  resistance ;  and  the  brigade 
took  position  across  the  main  road  to  Black-river 
Cross-roads,  near  the  edge  of  an  open  field,  in  swampy, 
wooded  ground,  with  skirmishers  well  advanced.  The 
brigade  was  alone,  except  the  cavalry.  The  most  ad 
vanced  part  of  the  army  was  four  miles  back.  The 
enemy  threw  superior  forces  on  this  point ;  and,  with 
artillery  and  infantry,  repeatedly  attempted  to  force 
back  the  line.  All  their  efforts  failed,  in  attacks  of  two 
hours.  In  that  fight,  the  gallant  Grafton  was  killed ; 
three  enlisted  men  killed,  and  nine  wounded. 

Captain  Grafton  had  gone  out  with  two  small  com- 

1  Sherman  and  his  Campaigns,  p.  368. 


THKOUGH  THE  CAKOLINAS.          269 

panies,  —  had  gone  out  to  relieve  skirmishers.  The 
enemy  were  striving  hard  to  press  back  the  line.  Cap 
tain  Grafton  was  wounded  in  the  leg,  and  started  for 
the  rear ;  but,  still  anxious  that  the  line  be  held,  turned 
back  to  the  skirmishers.  He  was  instantly  struck  in 
the  neck  by  a  bullet,  and  staggered  back  to  the  line, 
where  he  died  immediately. 

The  ammunition  of  the  brigade  being  exhausted, 
General  Cogswell's  Brigade  relieved  it.  He  afterwards 
pushed  the  enemy  a  mile  and  a  half,  out  of  two  lines  of 
breastworks  and  into  the  third  and  last,  fighting  until 
dark ;  losing  twice  as  many  men  as  any  other  brigade 
in  the  corps. 

While  this  was  going  on,  the  Third  Brigade  (in 
which  was  the  Second)  was  transferred  to  the  right ; 
and  vigorously  attacked,  driving  the  enemy  steadily  for 
a  mile,  and  into  another  line  of  works.  The  brigade 
suffered  considerably  at  this  point,  but  held  its  position 
in  front  of  the  enemy,  until  subsequently  replaced  by  a 
portion  of  the  Fourteenth  Corps.  It  was  in  this  fight 
that  Lieutenant  Storrow  of  the  Second,  aide  to  General 
Cogswell,  was  killed ;  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Morse, 
commanding  the  regiment,  disabled  by  a  serious  wound 
in  the  shoulder.  The  command  devolved  upon  Cap 
tain  Brown.  Two  more  enlisted  men  were  killed, 
and  seven  wounded.  The  casualties  during  the  day 
were  these  :  Captain  Grafton  and  Lieutenant  Storrow, 
killed ;  Lieutenant-Colonel  Morse  wounded.  Of  en 
listed  men,  —  Bearing,  of  B;  Corporal  Murray  and 
Newman,  of  C ;  Corporal  Parker,  of  F ;  and  Serjeant 


270      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Wilson,  of  I,  were  killed.  Mortally  wounded, — Vitz, 
of  B  ;  and  Eegan  (T.),  of  F;  wounded,  not  mortally, 
—  Corporal  Coethan,  Smith  (H.),  and  Moro,  of  A; 
Peterson  (A.  S.),  Smith  (James),  and  Serjeant  Reu- 
ben  Smith,  of  B ;  Corporal  McAuley,  and  Riley,  of 
E;  Gilbert  of  F;  Frey  and  McNamara,  of  G; 
Hutchinson  and  Johnson,  of  I ;  and  Corporal  Mcln- 
•tosh,  of  K. 

The  Second,  though  sadly  few,  —  only  one  hundred 
and  forty-one  carried  into  action,  —  had  acted  as  be 
came  its  unsullied  fame. 

Says  "The  Story  of  the  Great  March,"  by  Major 
Nichols,  aide  to  General  Sherman  :  — 

"  Captain  Grafton  of  this  division  (Second  Massachu- 
chusetts  Regiment)  was  among  the  killed.  He  was  a  gal 
lant  officer  and  a  courteous  gentleman.  He  could  not  have 
found  a  nobler  death,  nor  could  we  have  lost  a  nobler  soul. 

u  The  Second  and  Thirty-third  Massachusetts  Regiments 
are  the  only  representatives  of  the  glorious  Bay  State  in  our 
army.  A  nobler  record  of  heroic  deeds  may  never  be  found 
than  in  the  History  of  the  Second.  On  its  roll  of  fame  may 
be  found,  among  the  names  of  the  dead  in  honorable  battle, 
Shaw,  Dwight,  Savage,  Grafton,  Storrow,  and  others  ;  and, 
to-day,  the  living  heroes. are  models  of  chivalric  soldiers,  the 
pride  of  their  comrades." 

Upon  being  relieved,  the  regiment  moved  to  the  right 
and  rear,  and  camped  in  close  column  by  divisions. 

On  the  17th,  orders  were  to  be  in  readiness  to  move 
at  five,  A.M.,  but  at  daylight  it  was  found  that  the 
enemy  had  disappeared.  At  eleven,  A.M.  ,  moved  out 
on  the  road,  and  lay  by  the  roadside  until  late  in  the  after- 


THROUGH  THE  CAROLINAS.          271 

noon.  The  Fourteenth  Corps  was  passing.  General 
Slocum  also  passed,  stopping  to  speak  with  the  men. 
About  dark,  moved  on  ;  and  camped,  after  having  made 
three  miles.  Men  short  of  rations,  but  had  an  issue  of 
fresh  beef.  On  the  18th,  a  fair,  warm  day ;  marched 
at  seven,  A.M.,  the  brigade  in  advance.  The  train  of 
wounded  followed  the  division.  Forded  Black  River, 
and  crossed  another  considerable  stream  on  a  bridge. 
Made  about  ten  miles  towards  Goldsborough,  pulling 
down  fences,  and  crossing  bogs.  The  foragers  brought 
in  about  two  days'  rations  of  meat  and  meal :  they  had 
an  affair  with  the  rebels  at  a  grist-mill,  captured  it, 
and  run  it. 

On  the  19th,  moved  before  daylight,  the  brigade  in 
advance ;  the  roads  bad  in  spots,  and  the  regimenf  did 
a  good  deal  of  corduroying.  About  noon,  heard  quick 
artillery-firing.  A  division  of  the  Fourteenth  Corps 
had  encountered  rebel  cavalry,  and  driven  them  as 
usual.  But  the  head  of  the  column  found  its  progress 
impeded  by  infantry  and  artillery.  The  enemy  attacked 
the  advanced  guard,  and  gained  a  temporary  advantage. 
General  Slocum  found  the  enemy  in  great  force.  John 
ston  had  moved  with  great  rapidity,  concentrated  all 
the  troops  at  his  command  upon  the  left  flank,  and 
suddenly  attacked  furiously,  in  the  hope  of  beating  the 
advanced  divisions  before  the  other  columns  came  up. 
Slocum  then  promptly  deployed  the  two  divisions  of  the 
Fourteenth  Corps,  and  ordered  up  the  two  divisions  of 
the  Twentieth.  The  first  division  was  pushed  rapidly 
forward,  and  the  brigade  was  formed  in  rear  of  the 


272      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Fourteenth  Corps  ;  but  soon — with  both  divisions  —  was 
moved  to  the  left,  and  formed  on  the  left  of  the  Twen 
tieth  Corps.  The  Second  was  on  the  left  of  the  road, 
facing  northward ;  and  both  divisions  threw  up  works. 
The  brigade  was  moved  several  times,  but  finally 
returned  to  its  flank  position,  and  completed  the  works 
begun.  Kilpatrick  came  up  at  the  sound  of  the  artil 
lery,  and  massed  on  the  left.  The  enemy,  comprising 
the  forces  of  Hoke,  Hardee,  and  Cheatham,  under 
Johnston  himself,  made  six  distinct  assaults,  but  were 
as  steadily  repulsed.  This  was  the  battle  of  Benton- 
ville. 

It  was  the  last  action  of  the  Second  Massachusetts. 

The  foragers  came  in  :  they  had  been  in  rear  of  the 
enemy,  and  brought  in  ham  and  beans.  The  regiment 
had  marched  eight  miles. 

The  night  had  alarms.  On  the  20th,  remained  cut 
ting  timber,  and  strengthening  the  position.  Pickets 
were  twice  advanced.  The  corps  of  the  other  wing 
coming  up,  had  some  successful  fighting ;  and,  by  after 
noon,  a  complete  and  strong  line  of  battle  confronted 
the  enemy's  intrenched  position  ;  and  Johnston,  instead 
of  taking  Sherman's  army  in  detail,  was  again  on  the 
defensive. 

Three  days'  rations  of  coffee,  sugar,  hard  bread,  and 
bacon,  were  worth  recording. 

On  the  21st,  there  were  various  orders  to  move,  but 
all  countermanded.  The  Third  Division  pickets  came 
in  firing,  and  raised  a  needless  alarm.  Cut  trees  in 
the  swamp,  and  continued  to  strengthen  the  position. 


THROUGH  THE  CAROLINAS.          273 

There  was  skirmishing  from  right  to  left ;  and,  on  the 
right,  some  severe  fighting.  Sherman  had  no  need  of 
a  battle,  and  pressed  only  with  skirmishers,  and  some 
artillery,  feeling  the  flanks  which  were  covered  by 
swamps.  All  the  afternoon  the  rain  fell,  sometimes  in 
torrents.  That  day,  the  wounded  in  the  corps  hospital, 
including  Lieutenant-Colonel  Morse,  were  sent  to 
Goldsborough . 

On  the  22d,  at  one,  A.M.,  all  wagons  and  pack- 
animals  were  ordered  to  Cox's  Bridge,  under  escort  of 
the  One  Hundred  and  Second  New  York,  and  the 
troops  were  to  move  at  half  past  five,  A.M%;  but,  after 
daylight,  the  enemy  were  discovered  to  have  left. 
Johnston  had  crossed  Mill  Creek,  and  burnt  the  bridges. 
The  Second  left  its  works  at  nine,  A.M.,  and  moved  by 
cross-roads  to  Cox's  Bridge  ;  roads  were  bad,  and  much 
corduroying  was  necessary.  After  dark,  marched  rapid 
ly,  and  camped  about  ten,  P.M.,  in  a  sandy  field  near 
a  creek,  where  the  wagons  were  waiting,  but  the  pack- 
mules  had  mostly  crossed.  Had  made  thirteen  miles. 

On  the  23d,  moved  at  nine,  A.M.  ;  road  bad,  halted 
several  hours  on  the  banks  of  the  Neuse,  crossed  on 
two  pontoon  bridges ;  had  made  thirteen  miles,  when 
camped  two  miles  from  the  bridge,  towards  Goldsbor 
ough.  Enemy's  cavalry  on  left  flank. 

At  about  one,  A.M.,  on  the  24th,  all  wagons  and 
pack-animals  were  sent  forward  to  Goldsborough. 
Marched  at  seven,  A.M.  ;  passed  through  the  Twenty- 
third  Corps ;  through  Goldsborough  in  column  by 
divisions,  with  music;  passed  Generals  Sherman  and 

18 


274     SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Slocum ;  went  out  of  the  town,  and  partly  round  it, 
and  camped  on  the  Weldon  Railway,  about  two  miles 
northeast  of  the  town.  The  army  had  reached  sea 
communications  again,  and  the  campaign  was  ended. 


NORTHWARD.  275 


XXI. 

NORTHWARD. 

ON  the  25th  day  of  March,  1865,  General  Sherman's 
congratulatory  order  was  published,  and  read  to  the 
troops. 

A  few  weeks  were  to  be  spent  in  comparative  rest, 
and  refitting  the  troops  for  the  spring  campaign.  The 
camps  of  the  brigade  were  laid  out  in  regular  order ; 
houses  to  be  made  of  logs,  seven  feet  by  ten,  and  three 
and  a  half  high,  covered  each  by  four  pieces  of  shelter 
tent.  Water  was  plenty,  but  the  men  were  out  of 
rations  on  the  25th. 

On  the  27th,  Sergeant  Toombs  was  mustered  as  first 
lieutenant.  On  the  27th,  some  clothing  was  received. 
The  men  worked  on  their  quarters.  Regular  rations 
were  issued,  for  the  first  time  since  the  campaign  began. 
On  the  28th,  went  out  with  the  Thirteenth  New  Jersey 
for  forage ;  took  the  Kingston  Road,  and  marched  to 
about  twenty  miles  from  Goldsborough ;  filled  the  fifty 
wagons  with  corn  and  fodder,  returned  four  miles,  and 
bivouacked.  Started  next  morning  for  camp,  which 
was  reached  at  three,  P.M.  ;  and  drew  three  days' 
rations.  Drew  clothing  on  the  30th ;  and  SOAP  was 


276      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

issued,  the  first  since  the  campaign  from  Savannah 
opened.  On  the  31st,  extra  animals  were  turned  in. 
Hospital-Steward  Root,  who  had  served  in  various 
capacities  from  the  beginning,  was  transferred  to  the 
regular  army.  April  2  witnessed  a  dress  parade. 

On  the  3d  of  April,  General  Mower  was  appointed 
to  the  command  of  the  Twentieth  Corps,  thus  returning 
General  Williams  to  the  division.  General  Williams 
had  commanded  from  Atlanta,  bravely  and  wisely. 
The  "left  wing"  was  now  transformed  into  the  "Army 
of  Georgia."  The  "  Sanitary "  was  again  found  in  the 
Second,  — in  the  shape  of  pickles. 

General  Mower  reviewed  the  division  on  the  5th. 
Clothing  was  issued  to  complete  the  new  outfit. 

At  Goldsborough,  morning  drills  were  had  in  skir 
mishing  ;  other  movements  in  afternoons.  The  Second 
was  to  be  itself  to  the  last. 

On  the  6th  of  April,  the  welcome  news  of  the  taking 
of  Richmond  were  received,  and  read  to  the  command. 
The  end  was  drawing  nigh. 

"The  next  objective,"  said  General  Sherman,  "is  to 
place  this  army,  with  its  full  equipment,  north  of  the 
Roanoke  River,  facing  west,  ...  in  full  communication 
with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac." 

So,  on  the  7th,  orders  were  received  to  have  ten  days' 
rations  on  hand,  "  to  last  thirty ; "  in  wagons,  fifteen 
days'  coffee,  five  days'  sugar,  and  twenty  days'  salt ;  in 
the  hands  of  the  men,  one  a  half  days'  salt  meat  (to  last 
three  days) ,  three  days'  hard  bread,  ten  days'  sugar,  and 
the  same  of  salt  and  coffee. 


NORTHWARD.  277 

On  the  9th,  Captains  Phalen  and  Mehan  returned. 
It  was  thought  best  by  brigade  and  higher  commanders 
to  send  some  officers  on  recruiting  service ;  the  number 
of  men  was  greatly  reduced,  and  out  of  all  proportion 
to  that  of  officers.  Captains  Brown,  Oakey,  Crownin- 
shield,  Parker,  Comey,  and  Perkins,  Adjutant  Fox  and 
Lieutenant  G.  J.  Thompson,  were  therefore  detailed  on 
this  service.  The  regiment  was  temporarily  consoli 
dated  into  two  companies,  under  command  of  Captain 
Phalen. 

On  the  10th,  the  new  movement  began.  The  head 
of  every  column  was  in  motion.  The  regiment  marched 
at  half  past  five,  A.M.,  through  Goldsborough,  and  on 
the  Smithfield  Eoad.  Some  skirmishing  took  place,  and 
the  brigade  moved  for  some  distance  in  line  of  battle. 
Camped  at  five,  P.M.,  after  a  march  of  fourteen  miles. 
On  the  llth,  a  light  rain;  marched  at  eleven  o'clock, 
A.M.  ;  camped  at  six,  P.M.,  about  half  a  mile  from 
Smithfield,  having  marched  twelve  miles.  On  the  12th, 
marched  through  Smithfield  ;  crossed  the  Neuse  on  pon 
toons  about  eight,  A.M.  ;  camped  at  six,  P.M.,  after  a 
hard  march  of  sixteen  miles,  crossing  Swift  Creek.  On 
the  13th,  moved  at  five,  A.M.,  in  a  rain;  the  regi 
ment  was  in  advance.  Marched  very  fast,  entered  Ral 
eigh  at  noon  without  opposition.  Camped  just  outside 
of  the  city,  the  weather  becoming  fine.  On  the 
14th,  drew  two  days'  rations,  "to  last  five;  "  received 
orders  to  forage  on  the  country,  and  a  detail  of  twenty 
men  was  organized  under  Lieutenant  J.  C.  Thompson. 
On  the  15th,  the  regiment  moved  out,  at  half  past  six, 


278      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

A.M.,  in  a  very  heavy  rain,  but  after  going  a  few  rods 
was  ordered  back  again.  The  orders  to  forage  on  the 
country  were  also  countermanded ;  commissaries  were 
to  issue  full  rations.  Circumstances  were  changed. 

The  news  of  the  battles  about  Petersburg,  and  of  the 
evacuation  of  Eichmond,  had  reached  General  Sherman 
on  the  6th  of  April.  No  longer  needing  to  strike 
between  Lee  and  Johnston,  he  had  followed  the  latter. 
On  the  12th,  he  heard  of  the  surrender  of  Lee  at 
Appomattox.  He  then  planned  to  so  move  as  to  strike 
Johnston  from  the  south.  "I  am  anxious,"  wrote  he, 
"to  prevent  his  escape  towards  Georgia."  But  on  the 
14th,  General  Sherman  received  a  communication  from 
Johnston,  under  a  flag  of  truce,  requesting  an  armis 
tice,  and  a  statement  of  the  best  terms  on  which  he 
could  be  permitted  to  surrender.  "  This  is,"  said  Sher 
man,  "  the  beginning  of  the  end." 

It  was  this  note  which  arrested  the  march  of  the 
Second  on  the  morning  of  the  15th ;  and,  so  far  as  war 
was  concerned,  arrested  it  for  ever. 

On  the  17th  of  April,  came  the  news  of  the  assassina 
tion  of  President  Lincoln. 

On  the  20th,  the  suspension  of  hostilities  was  an 
nounced.  On  the  22d,  the  corps  was  reviewed  by 
General  Sherman,  in  Raleigh.  On  the  25th,  moved  at 
seven,  A.M.,  marching  thirteen  miles  southwest,  to  John's 
Cross-roads,  returning  to  the  old  camp  on  the  28th. 
Captain  Thayer,  with  thirty-four  recruits,  came  to  the 
regiment  on  the  25th.  The  men  were  put  on  half 
rations,  and  a  forage  party  of  twenty  organized  under 


NORTHWARD.  279 

Lieutenant  J.  C.  Thompson.     The  party  came  in  on 
the  28th,  fully  mounted,  with  meal. 

On  the  29th,  orders  came  announcing  the  surrender 
of  Johnston,  and  that  the  troops  were  to  march  to 
Washington  to  be  mustered  out.  The  war  had  ended. 

The  march  to  Washington  began  the  next  day.  On 
the  30th,  the  regiment  moved  at  five,  A.M.  ;  passed 
through  Ealeigh  in  column,  by  platoons ;  crossed  the 
Neuse  at  Mantua  Mills,  and  camped  about  a  mile  from  the 
river,  having  marched  fourteen  miles.  The  next  day, 
marched  sixteen  miles,  in  rear  of  trains,  and  camped 
near  Tau  River.  On  the  2d  of  May,  crossed  Tau 
River,  inarched  on  a  fine  road  twenty  miles,  and 
camped  two  miles  from  Williamsborough.  On  the  3d, 
marched  through  Williamsborough,  made  twelve  miles 
on  a  good  road,  and  camped  ;  ordered  out  at  half  past 
five,  P.M.  ;  marched  three  miles,  crossed  the  Roanoke  on 
pontoons,  and  camped  about  a  mile  from  the  State  line. 
On  the  4th,  marched  at  seven,  A.M.,  and  were  soon  in 
Virginia,  —  the  first  time  since  Sept.  27,  1863.  The 
road  was  dusty.  Crossed  Meherrin  River  about  five, 
P.M.,  and  camped  about  two  miles  beyond,  having 
marched  twenty-two  miles.  On  the  5th,  moved  at 
half  past  eight,  A.M.  ;  crossed  Flat-rock  Creek  about 
noon ;  made  seventeen  miles,  and  camped  half  a  mile 
from  Nottaway  River.  May  6,  crossed  the  Nottaway  and 
Little  Nottaway ;  the  Richmond  and  Petersburg  Rail 
way,  at  Black  and  White  Station,  about  noon ;  passed 
some  of  the  Sixth  Corps  in  camp ;  and  camped,  after 


280      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

fourteen  miles  of  march,  near  Mills  Station.  Marched 
on  the  7th,  in  advance  of  the  division;  crossed  the 
Appomattox  Eiver  on  pontoon  bridge  about  noon ;  had 
made  twenty-one  miles,  and  camped  near  Clover  Hill. 
On  the  8th,  moved  at  half  past  six,  A.M.  ;  passed 
through  Clover  Hill ;  crossed  Swift  Creek  about  noon, 
and  Fallin  Creek  at  three,  P.M,,  and  camped  north  of 
it.  On  the  9th,  marched,  ten,  A.M.  ;  went  three  miles, 
and  camped  on  a  creek.  In  camp  on  the  10th. 

On  the  llth  day  of  May,  moved  at  ten,  A.M.,  the 
First  Division  in  advance.  Passed  through  Manches 
ter  at  half  past  eleven  o'clock.  Crossed  the  James 
River,  and  entered  RICHMOND. 

/     The  regiment  had  established  its  first  camp  in  Massa- 

'  chusetts,  on  the  llth  day  of  May,  1861.     It   entered 

Richmond  on  the   llth   day  of  May,  1865.     Of  the 

\        officers  of  Camp  Andrew,  four  remained.     Of  the  thou- 

\    I  sand  men,  less  than  a  hundred.     The  march  of  four 

\  Vears  had  been  lined  with  graves. 

\\  The  regiment  marched  through  Richmond  in  column 
by  platoons.  Five  miles  beyond,  it  camped  on  Brook 
Creek. 

The  Chickahominy  was  crossed  on  the  12th,  at  Bower 
Bridge.  Passed  through  Ashland  Station  at  noon. 
Crossed  the  Fredericksburg  Railway ;  the  South  Anna 
at  three,  P.M.,  and  camped  a  mile  beyond,  having  made 
fifteen  miles  over  a  hard  road.  Crossed  New  Found 
River  on  the  13th ;  the  Little  Anna,  at  eleven,  A.M.  ; 
the  Gordonsville  and  Richmond  Railway  at  one,  P.M.  ; 
and  camped  a  mile  from  the  North  Anna,  after  a  march 


NORTHWARD.  281 

of  fifteen  miles.  On  the  14th,  crossed  the  North  Anna 
on  pontoons ;  passed  through  Chilesburg ;  crossed  the 
TaEiver  and  the  Po  on  pontoons;  and  camped,  after 
eighteen  miles,  two  miles  from  Spottsylvania  Court 
house. 

On  the  15th,  passed  through  Spottsylvania ;  halted 
for  two  hours  on  the  old  Chancellors ville  battle-ground, 
memorable  to  the  regiment  for  the  3d  of  May,  1863 ; 
reached  Rappahannock  River,  and  camped  on  its  banks, 
having  marched  fifteen  miles.  On  the  16th,  crossed 
the  river  on  pontoons  at  United-States  Ford,  where  it 
crossed  May  6,  1863  ;  passed  Hartwood  Church  at  ten, 
A.M.,  and  camped  after  fifteen  miles'  march.  Crossed 
Cedar  Run  on  the  17th,  and  made  twelve  miles.  On 
the  18th,  was  at  Brents  ville  at  six,  A.M.  ;  at  Bull  Run, 
at  noon  ;  at  Fairfax  Station,  at  five,  P.M.,  and  camped  a 
mile  and  a  half  onward,  after  a  march  of  eighteen  miles. 
On  the  19th,  after  fifteen  miles'  march,  camped  near 
Cloud's  Mills,  about  three  miles  from  Alexandria. 
Colonel  Morse  returned,  and  took  command.  On  the 
20th,  Captain  Brown  resigned,  —  the  war  being  ended, 
—  with  a  brave  and  faithful  record.  The  officers  de 
tailed  on  recruiting  service  returned,  and  about  forty 
men  who  had  been  absent  from  wounds  or  disease. 

The  regiment  remained  here  until  the  24th.  On 
that  day,  the  Army  of  Georgia  and  the  Army  of  Ten 
nessee  passed  in  review  at  Washington. 

After  the  review,  the  regiment  went  into  camp  at  Bla- 
densburgh.  On  the  28th,  two  recruits  were  received. 
On  the  29th,  the  camp  was  named  Camp  Slocum. 


282      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Sergeant-Major  Miles  had  been  mustered  as  first  lieu 
tenant  in  April ;  in  June,  James  Hanning  ;  and  also  in 
June,  Sergeant  George  W.  Morse.  It  was  the  last 
promotion. 

On  the  6th  of  June,  General  Hawley  published  his 
farewell  order  to  the  brigade. 

On  the  7th,  the  Twentieth  Corps  was  broken  up. 
General  Williams  published  his  farewell  order  to  the 
division.  The  Second  was  transferred  to  General 
Bartlett's  Division  of  the  District  of  Washington  ;  and 
brigaded  with  the  Forty-sixth  Pennsylvania,  Fifth  Con 
necticut,  and  One  Hundred  and  Forty-third  New  York, 
—  numbered  the  Second  Brigade. 

The  friends  of  many  campaigns  were  parted.  Be 
tween  no  organizations  could  the  parting  have  been 
more  painful,  though  glorious,  than  between  the  Second 
Massachusetts  and  the  noble  Third  Wisconsin.  Before 
separating,  this  found  formal  expression  in  the  following 
papers  :  — 

SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY,  CAMP  SLOCUM, 
NEAR  WASHINGTON,  D.C.,  June  4,  1865. 

We,  the  undersigned,  officers  of  the  Second  Massachusetts 
Infantry,  wish  to  express  to  the  officers  of  the  Third  Wis 
consin  Infantry  our  heartfelt  regret,  that  the  fortunes  of  the 
service  are  about  to  separate  our  respective  organizations. 

From  the  campaign  of  1862,  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley, 
to  the  present  glorious  close  of  this  bloody  war,  we  have 
fought  and  marched  side  by  side  with  you  in  almost  every 
rebellious  State.  To  have  been  brigaded  together  for  so 
long  a  time  is  in  itself  remarkable ;  no  less  so  is  it  that 
between  our  two  regiments  there  should  have  always  existed 


NORTHWARD.  283 

such  strong  feelings  of  friendship  and  mutual   regard,  un- 
tinged  by  the  slightest  shadow  of  jealousy. 

As  we  recall,  now,  some  of  the  hard  positions  we  have 
been  in,  we  cannot  help  remembering  how  often  our  anxiety 
was  lessened  by  the  knowledge  that  the  old  Third  Wisconsin 
was  close  at  hand  to  support  us.  We  know  that  you  have 
had  the  same  thoughts  about  us.  Nothing  in  this  whole  war 
will  be  pleasanter  for  us  all  to  look  back  upon  than  this  feel 
ing  of  mutual  respect  and  reliance.  It  not  only  elevated  the 
tone  of  both  of  our  regiments ;  but,  we  honestly  believe,  it 
went  a  great  way  towards  making  our  brigade  and  division 
what  they  are  now  acknowledged  to  be,  —  among  the  very 
best  organizations  of  the  army. 

We  assure  you  that  in  our  own  State,  wherever  the  Second 
Massachusetts  is  known,  its  brother  regiment  is  also  famous. 

Whenever  any  of  us  have  been  at  home,  among  the  first 
inquiries  would  be,  "  How  is  the  Third  Wisconsin  ?  "  It  has 
been  with  pride  that  we  have  answered,  "It  is  the  same 
staunch  old  regiment  that  fought  at  Antietam  and  Chan- 
cellorsville." 

These  are  not  compliments,  but  expressions  of  plain, 
honest  feelings.  We  have  been  knit  together  by  deeds,  not 
words ;  deeds,  which,  as  time  goes  on,  we  shall  look  back 
upon  with  continually  increasing  pride. 

Together  we  have  shared  dangers  and  hardships,  victories 
and  defeats,  and  it  is  hard  now  for  us  to  part ;  but,  in  the 
natural  order  of  things,  the  war  being  over,  you  go  towards 
your  homes  in  the  West,  we  stay  near  ours  in  the  East. 
Let  us  not,  however,  though  separated  by  thousands  of 
miles,  forget  these  old  associations.  Let  us  rather  cherish 
them  with  our  fondest  recollections :  let  it  be  a  story  to  hand 
down  to  our  children  and  children's  children,  how  the  Second 
Massachusetts  and  Third  Wisconsin  fought  shoulder  to 
shoulder  through  the  great  rebellion,  and  achieved  together 
glory  and  renown.  We  ask  you  to  accept  this  testimonial  as 


284      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

a  slight  evidence  of  our  affection  and  esteem.     We  bid  you 
farewell,  and  God  bless  you,  one  and  all. 

C.  F.  MORSE,  Lieutenant- Colonel,  com. 

JAMES  FRANCIS,  Major. 

C.  E.  MUNN,  Surgeon. 

JOHN  A.  Fox,  Adjutant. 

E.  A.  HOWES,  Quartermaster. 

Captains.  —  Daniel  Oakey,  F.  W.  Crowninshield,  E.  A. 
Phalen,  George  A.  Thayer,  Theodore  K.  Parker,  Dennis 
Mehan,  Henry  N.  Comey,  William  E.  Perkins. 

First  Lieutenants.  —  George  J.  Thompson,  Jesse  Richard 
son,  Moses  P.  Richardson,  William  T.  McAlpine,  Jed.  C. 
Thompson,  William  D.  Toombs. 

THIRD  WISCONSIN  V.  V.  INFANTRY,  CAMP  SLOCUM, 
NEAR  WASHINGTON,  D.C.,  June  7, 1865. 

To  the  Officers  of  the  Second  Massachusetts  Veteran  Volunteer 
Infantry. 

The  undersigned,  officers  of  the  Third  Wisconsin  Veteran 
Volunteer  Infantry,  tender  their  heartfelt  thanks  for  your 
friendly  communication  of  the  4th  inst.  It  was  with  min 
gled  feelings  of  pride  and  pleasure,  not,  however,  unmixed 
with  pain,  that  we  perused  it,  —  pride  at  being  thus  associa 
ted  with  a  regiment,  which,  by  patient  endurance,  good 
discipline,  and  unflinching  bravery,  has  won  for  itself  so 
honorable  a  name  as  the  Second  Massachusetts ;  pleasure  at 
the  thought,  that,  even  amid  the  stirring  scenes  of  active  war, 
the  finer  attributes  of  humanity  are  not  forgotten,  and  that 
friendship,  one  of  the  noblest  sentiments  of  the  soul,  still 
asserts  her  claims  ;  pain  at  the  recollections  of  the  many 
gallant  and  brave  whose  names  have  been  associated  with 
yours  in  the  great  struggle  now  happily  terminated,  but  who 
have  given  their  lives  for  a  country  they  loved  so  well. 

That  "  every  rose  has  its  thorn"  was  never  more  apparent 
to  us  than  now.  While  in  the  toil  and  suffering  of  our 


NORTHWARD.  285 

active  campaigns,  we  have  looked  forward  with  unmixed  joy 
to  the  time  when  the  angel  of  peace  should  once  more  spread 
her  wings  over  the  land,  and  we  should  return  home  to  enjoy 
the  sweets  of  social  and  civil  life ;  but  now  that  the  hour  is 
at  hand  when  we  must  say  farewell  to  those  with  whom  we 
have  been  so  long  associated  in  the  service  of  our  common 
country,  when  we  must  join  the  parting  hand  with  you,  our 
companions  and  brothers  in  arms,  our  joy  is  mingled  with 
sadness,  and  our  smiles  with  tears. 

We  accept  your  communication,  not  only  as  a  manifesta 
tion  of  personal  regard,  but  also  as  a  fraternal  greeting  from 
the  East  to  the  West,  which,  rising  superior  to  local  jealousies 
and  factious  strife,  and  remembering  only  the  mingled  dust 
of  our  dead  on  many  battle-fields,  and  the  common  country 
for  which  they  sacrificed  their  all,  proclaims  us,  in  heart  and 
in  country,  one  and  inseparable. 

In  parting  we  assure  you,  that,  highly  as  we  prize  this 
expression  of  sentiment  towards  us,  and  sacredly  as  we  will 
preserve  it  as  the  highest  honor  yet  received,  it  is  not  needed 
in  order  to  secure  remembrance. 

The  ineffaceable  pictures  of  the  past,  deeply  engraven  in 
our  hearts,  and  lit  up  by  the  eternal  flame  of  friendship,  will 
ever  keep  the  Second  Massachusetts  Veteran  Volunteer 
Infantry  prominent  among  our  pleasing  memories  in  the 
future. 

Wishing  you  all  success  and  happiness,  and  Heaven's  best 
blessing,  we  bid  you  farewell. 

We  are,  brothers,  yours  fraternally, 

B  GEORGE  W.  STEVENSON,  Lieutenant-Colonel. 
WARHAM  PARKS,  Major. 
J.  G-.  CONLY,  Surgeon. 
T.  J.  KOPF,  Assistant- Surgeon. 
A.  C.  GAYLOR,  Adjutant. 
I.  T.  MARVIN,  Quartermaster. 
ISAAC  E.  SPRINGER,  Chaplain. 


286      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTKY. 

Captains. — Ralph  Van  Brunt,  I.  N.  Hinkley,  N.  Daniels, 

E.  Giddings,  A.  D.  Haskins,  C.  R.  Barrager,  J.  Woodford, 
John  M.  Schweers,  John  E.  Kleven. 

First  Lieutenants.  —  Stephen  Lawrence,  Oliver  A.  Hegg, 
J.  D.  Goodrich,  John  Agnew,  John  B.  Du  Bois,  Abner 
Hubbell,  J.  D.  Babcock,  William  W.  Freeman,  George  H. 
Gutter. 

Second  Lieutenants.  —  E.  V.  Moran,  Lewis  Colby,  Edwin 

F.  Proctor,  Eben  G.  Beers,  David  Clark,  A.  S.  Hill. 

In  publishing  these  letters,  the  "Wisconsin  State 
Journal,"  of  June  15,  1865,  said:  — 

The  Second  Massachusetts  and  the  Third  Wisconsin 
Infantry  have  fought  in  the  same  brigade,  side  by  side, 
throughout  the  war.  Among  the  earliest  regiments  in  the 
field,  they  first  saw  active  service  under  Banks,  in  the  Shen- 
andoah  Valley.  When  Stonewall  Jackson,  with  his  usual 
force  of  "forty  thousand  men,"  fell  upon  Banks,  these  two 
regiments  covered  the  rear,  and  bore  the  brunt  of  the  fight 
ing.  They  stood  together  at  Cedar  Mountain,  under  the 
withering  cross-fire  of  the  enemy,  when  the  noble  Crane  laid 
down  his  life  for  his  country.  They  fought  at  Antietam  and 
Gettysburg  and  Chancellorsville.  Subsequently  transferred 
to  the  West,  they  formed  a  part  of  that  invincible  column, 
which  under  Sherman  hewed  its  way  through  the  central 
mountain  fastnesses  of  the  South,  and  poured  down,  an  irre 
sistible  torrent,  through  Georgia  and  the  Carolinas.  Both 
regiments  were  among  those  that  re-enlisted  for  the  war. 

We  remember  a  conversation  had,  about  a'year  ago,  with 
an  officer  of  the  Third,  respecting  the  comparative  merits  of 
Eastern  and  Western  troops.  He  had  served  in  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac  and  at  the  West,  and  had  therefore  large 
opportunities  for  seeing  and  judging  upon  the  subject.  The 
best  troops  in  the  service,  the  steadiest,  bravest,  and  most 


NORTHWARD.  287 

trustworthy,  he  said,  were  those  from  New  England  and  the 
Northwest.  .  .  .  He  spoke  particularly  of  the  Second  Massa 
chusetts  as  a  specimen  of  New-England  troops  ;  and  said> 
that,  when  the  Third  Wisconsin  was  first  brigaded  with  them, 
our  Wisconsin  boys  conceived  a  strong  antipathy  against 
them.  The  Massachusetts  men  were  fitted  up  in  the  height 
of  military  style.  They  had  the  finest  tents  and  wagons  in 
the  service,  their  uniforms  were  of  the  best  material,  they 
wore  white  gloves  on  parade  ;  and  our  Wisconsin  boys  looked 
upon  them  as  a  set  of  dandies  and  counter-jumpers  who 
would  take  to  their  heels  at  the  first  approach  of  actual  dan 
ger.  By  and  by  the  hour  of  trial  came.  Stonewall  Jackson 
launched  his  thunderbolt  upon  Bauks's  little  army.  And  lo  ! 
while  most  of  the  troops  were  hastening  out  of  harm's  way? 
there  were  the  brawny  boys  of  the  old  Third,  and  those 
"white-gloved  fellows"  of  the  Second  Massachusetts,  side 
by  side,  hanging  stubbornly  at  the  rear,  their  hearts  swollen 
with  rage,  covering  the  retreat,  contesting  every  inch  of 
ground,  and  chastening  the  exultant  foe  with  terrible  punish 
ment  from  their  well-aimed  muskets.  After  that,  said  the 
officer,  there  was  no  further  distrust  or  contempt  on  either 
side  between  the  Third  Wisconsin  and  the  Second  Massachu 
setts,  but  mutual  good-will,  affection,  and  pride  in  each  other, 
which  were  only  increased  as  they  became  better  acquainted  5 
under  yet  severer  trials. 

These  two  glorious  old  regiments  have  recently  been 
parted,  the  Third  Wisconsin  being  ordered  west,  and  the 
Second  Massachusetts  retained  on  duty  at  the  east.  Prior 
to  parting,  the  Massachusetts  regiment  drew  up  and  signed  a 
letter  to  the  Third  Wisconsin,  expressing  the  sentiments 
which  they  felt  upon  parting.  This,  together  with  the 
response  of  the  Third,  has  been  forwarded  to  us  for  publica 
tion. 


288      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 


XXI. 


THE     END. 

THE  Second  remained  in  Washington  until  July  14. 
It  was  on  duty,  furnishing  patrols,  and  stationary 
guards  in  various  parts  of  the  city.  On  the  12th  of 
July,  orders  having  come  for  muster-out,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Morse  issued  the  following  :  — 

HEADQUARTERS  SECOND  MASS.  INFANTRY. 
WASHINGTON,  D.C.,  July  12, 1865. 

GENERAL  ORDERS,  No.  26. 

To  the  Officers  and  Men  of  the  Second  Massachusetts  Infantry. 

The  Lieutenant-Colonel  commanding  takes  this,  his  last, 
opportunity  to  tender  to  you  his  congratulations,  that,  after 
more  than  four  years  of  hard  service,  you  are  enabled  again 
to  go  to  your  homes,  and  resume  your  peaceful  avocations. 

A  brief  review  of  your  history  in  this  regiment  cannot 
fail  now  to  interest  you. 

At  the  very  outbreak  of  the  late  rebellion,  the  Second 
Massachusetts  Infantry  was  organized.  Its  first  year  of 
service  was  not  an  eventful  one,  and  it  only  became  famous 
for  its  good  discipline  and  appearance. 

In  the  campaign  of  1862,  it  had  a  more  distinguished  part 
to  act.  On  the  night  of  May  24,  your  regiment,  by  its 
steadiness  and  bravery,  beat  back  greatly  superior  forces  of 
the  enemy,  and  saved  Banks's  little  army  from  total  destruc- 


THE    END.  289 

• 

tion.  All  of  honor  that  can  be  associated  with  the  disastrous 
retreat  of  the  next  day  certainly  belongs  to  you.  Next  came 
Cedar  Mountain  :  there,  with  the  same  determined  bravery, 
this  regiment  faced  and  fought  three  times  its  numbers  ;  and, 
in  twenty  minutes,  lost  more  than  one-third  of  its  enlisted 
men,  and  more  than  one-half  of  its  officers.  Antietam, 
Chancellorsville,  Beverly  Ford,  Gettysburg,  and  the  great 
campaigns  of  the  West,  with  their  numerous  battles  and  • 
skirmishes,  followed  in  quick  succession  ;  and  the  war  ended, 
leaving  with  you  a  most  brilliant  and  satisfactory  record,  — 
a  record  of  courage,  gallantry,  and  tenacity  in  battle,  of 
unflinching  steadiness  in  defeat,  of  good  discipline  in  camp, 
and  of  respect  and  prompt  obedience  to  all  superiors :  this  is 
the  record  which  you  can  take  to  your  homes,  and  it  is  known 
and  acknowledged  throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  your 
State. 

The  Lieutenant-Colonel  commanding  does  most  sincerely 
congratulate  you  who  are  now  left  in  this  command  on  having 
passed  safely  through  this  great  struggle,  which  has  termi 
nated  so  gloriously.  He  feels  sure  that  no  one  of  you  will 
ever  regret  your  part  in  this  war.  As  long  as  yoTi  live,  and 
whatever  your  future  in  life  may  be,  you  will  think  of  your 
soldier's  career  with  the  greatest  pride  and  satisfaction  :  its 
hardships  and  sufferings,  its  dangers  and  glories,  have  made 
you  all  nobler,  better,  and  more  self-reliant  men. 

It  will  not  be  with  pleasure  alone,  that  you  recall  the  events 
of  the  past  four  years.  With  sadness  you  will  bring  to  mind 
the  appearance  of  this  regiment  as  it  marched  out  of  Camp 
Andrew,  July  8, 1861;  and  will  think  how  many  of  the  noblest 
and  best  officers  and  men  then  comprising  it  now  fill  sol 
diers'  graves.  You  will  cherish  the  memories  of  these  gallant 
men  ;  and,  though  you  lament  their  loss,  you  will  remember 
that  they  died  in  battle,  bravely  doing  their  duty,  fighting  for 
their  country  and  the  right ;  and  you  will  thank  God,  when 
you  look  about  you,  and  see  peace  restored  to  this  entire 

19 


290      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

country,  that  the  sacrifice   of   their  lives  has  not  been  in 
vain. 

The  Lieutenant-Colonel  commanding  thanks  you  for  your 
adherence  to  your  duties,  and  your  fidelity  to  him,  since  he 
has  had  the  honor  to  command  you.  He  assures  you,  that,  in 
taking  leave  of  this  old  organization,  he  feels  more  pain  than 
pleasure :  he  has  been  with  it  since  its  first  existence,  has 
shared  its  dangers,  privations,  and  glories  ;  and  now  that  it 
has  devolved  upon  him  to  write  these  words  of  farewell  he 
does  so  with  unfeigned  regret. 

In  conclusion,  he  hopes  that  the  lessons  taught  by  this  war 
will  exert  a  beneficial  influence  on  your  future  lives,  and  that 
you  may  become  good  citizens  and  worthy  members  of 
society.  C.  F.  MORSE, 

Lieut.  CoLj  Com.  Second  Mass.  Infantry. 

(OFFICIAL.) 

On  the  14th  of  July,  the  men  were  mustered  out  of 
service,  although  not  to  be  discharged  until  in  camp  in 
Massachusetts. 

On  the  15th,  it  started  by  rail  for  home.  At  New 
York,  it  was  received  and  hospitably  entertained  by  Col 
onel  Howe,  the  agent  for  New-England  troops.  It 
called  also  on  General  Hooker,  and  received  a  cordial 
welcome.  It  had  been  in  New  York  twice  before, 
once  on  the  9th  of  July,  1861,  when  it  stacked  arms 
in  City-hall  Park,  a  thousand  and  forty  strong.  It 
came  back,  a  remnant,  but  victorious  :  it  had  then  its 
thirty-eight  field,  staff,  and  line  officers.  On  the  16th 
of  July,  1865,  Brigadier-General  Cogswell,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Morse,  and  Major  Francis  were  the  sole  offi 
cers  of  that  thirty-eight  still  holding  commissions  in  the 
organization. 


THE    END.  291 

The  regiment  proceeded  by  the  Neptune  line  of 
steamers  and  the  Providence  Eailway  to  Readville, 
Mass.,  where  it  went  into  camp,  waiting  to  be  paid  off 
and  finally  discharged.  Its  friends  hoped  that  they 
might  give  it  a  worthy  reception  in  Boston ;  but,  to 
their  great  disappointment,  although  all  possible  efforts 
were  made,  the  orders  of  the  War  Department  would  not 
permit  the  regiment  to  go  to  that  city.  Readville  was 
a  barren  and  dull  place  to  men  who  had  served  their 
country  so  long,  and* who  were  impatient  to  reach  home. 
But  the  delay  was  borne  well.  It  is  due  to  them  to  say, 
on  the  authority  of  Brigadier-General  Pierce  who  was 
in  charge  of  that  camp,  that,  though  without  guards  or 
arms,  the  men  of  the  Second,  as  obedient  as  ever  to 
duty,  gave  no  trouble. 

Various  complimentary  promotions  were  made  by  the 
Governor :  Lieutenant  -  Colonel  Charles  F.  Morse  to 
be  colonel,  Major  James  Francis  to  be  lieutenant- 
colonel,  Captain  Francis  W.  Crowninshield  to  be 
major,  First  Lieutenant  Jesse  Richardson  to  be  cap 
tain,  A.  W.  Emerson  to  be  first  lieutenant ;  and 
Quartermaster-Sergeant  Thomas  B.  Thurston,  First  Ser 
geants  Charles  Hastings,  Leander  G.  Bowley,  Charles 
Edwards,  Edwin  Harlow,  Samuel  S.  Jepson,  Charles 
H.  Heald,  Charles  O.  McKinstry,  Andrew  Yoll,  and 
Commissary-Sergeant  David  Casey,  as  second  lieuten 
ants.  But  the  reduced  force  of  the  regiment  did  not 
allow  them  to  be  mustered  as  such  into  the  United- 
States  service.  But  several  officers  were  brevetted  in 
the  volunteer  service  by  the  President :  Lieutenant- 


292      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Colonel  Morse  as  colonel,  Major  Francis  as  lieutenant- 
colonel,  to  date  from  March  13,  1865. 

The  last  order  was  issued  — 

HEADQUARTERS  SECOND  MASS.  INFANTRY, 
READVILLE,  MASS.  July  19, 1865. 

Company  commanders  will   turn  over  all  ordnance  and 
ordnance   stores   in  their  possession  to  an  agent  of  Major 
Rodman,  Superintendent  of  Watertown  Arsenal. 
By  command  of  . 

LlEUTENANT-COLONEL    C.    F.    MORSE. 
JOHN  A.  Fox,  Adjutant. 

The  arms  were  useless  now.  The  war  was  ended. 
On  the  26th  day  of  July,  1865,  the  men  broke  ranks 
for  ever.  The  Second  Massachusetts  had  passed  into 
history. 


On  the  22d  day  of  December,  1865,  the  colors 
of  the  Second,  with  the  colors  of  all  the  Massachu 
setts  troops,  were  deposited  in  the  State  House. 
Fifty  men  of  the  regiment,  under  Major  Francis, 
escorted  them  to  their  resting  place.  No  names  of 
battles  were  ever  inscribed  upon  the  battle-flag.  Its 
pierced  and  torn  folds,  riddled  by  shot  and  shell,  silently 
tell  its  story. 

On  the  llth  day  of  May,  1866,  some  of  the  com 
rades  went  to  the  old  ground  of  Camp  Andrew.  It 
was  the  fifth  anniversary  of  the  forming  of  that  camp. 
They  paused  at  the  familiar  entrance  where  the  guard 


THE    END.  293 

had  once  challenged  the  visitor.  The  house  was  un 
changed  since  the  sentinel  had  ceased  to  walk  his  post 
before  headquarters.  The  marks  of  the  little  trenches 
about  the  first  tents,  the  rains  had  not  yet  washed  away. 
Here  and  there  were  found  a  few  scraps  of  decayed  can 
vas,  and  slight  remnants  of  tent-pins.  The  flag-staff 
still  stood,  from  which  no  flag  had  floated  since  the 
summer  day  when  the  banner  of  the  Second  left  it. 
Recollections  of  Dwight  and  Sargent,  of  Savage,  Abbott, 
Gary,  Goodwin,  Mudge,  Williams,  Sedgwick,  Hill, 
Shaw,  Robeson,  Choate,  and  Perkins,  —  all  dead  for 
their  country,  —  and  of  the  hundreds  of  the  brave  and 
faithful  in  the  ranks  gone  with  them,  were  fresh  in 
memory.  The  comrades  plucked  some  bright  spring 
flowers,  and  left  the  spot  to  silence. 


SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 


THE     MEN. 


I. 

THE    ENLISTED   MEN. 

THE  regimental  "  descriptive  book,"  compared  with  the 
company  books,  is  the  basis  of  the  following  record. 
Some  omissions  have  been  supplied  from  the  records  at 
the  State  House.  When  discrepancies  have  been  found 
between  the  regimental  books  and  those  in  the  adjutant- 
general's  office,  the  former,  except  in  cases  of  known 
error,  have  been  followed,  those  books  having  been 
prepared  and  revised  with  great  care. 

No  names  are  included,  except  those  found  on  the 
books  of  the  regiment.  Hence  those  of  many  persons 
who  enlisted  but  never  joined  the  regiment,  —  most  of 
them  those  who  enlisted  for  the  bounty  in  1864,  and 
deserted  on  the  road,  —  are  not,  and  ought  not  to  be, 
found  in  this  list.  They  were  never  members  of  the 
regiment,  although  appearing  upon  the  records  at  the 
State  House. 

It  will  be  seen  that  these  lists  are  in  two  parts  :  first, 
that  of  the  men  enlisting  during  the  first  term  of  ser 
vice  ;  secondly,  that  of  the  re-enlisted  men,  and  the 


296      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

recruits  of  the  second  term  of  service.  The  second 
term  was  held  to  begin  with  Jan.  1,  1864,  as  to  the  re- 
enlisted  men  ;  but,  for  those  not  re-enlisting,  their  term 
ends  with  the  three  years'  service,  May  23,  1864,  and  in 
some  cases  later.  Hence  this  history  of  the  re-enlisted 
men  is  not  completed  in  the  first  list :  it  will  be  noticed 
that  the  phrase  "  See  Second  Term "  occurs  in  such 
instances.  But  the  history  of  the  men  not  re-enlisting 
goes  on,  in  the  first  list,  past  Jan.  1,  1864,  to  the  com 
pletion  of  their  term  of  service. 

The  term  "  re-enlisted  "  is  always  to  be  understood  to 
bear  da.te,  Dec.  31,  1863,  except  in  the  very  few  cases 
otherwise  specified.  The  term  "  mustered  out  "  invari 
ably  denotes  expiration  of  the  term  of  enlistment. 
w  Discharged  "  is  used  only  in  cases  where  the  full  term 
had  not  expired ;  and  theground  of  discharge  is  always 
given.  The  date  of  "muster-out"  for  the  first  term  is 
conformed  to  that  given  in  the  adjutant-general's  report, 
May  28,  1864,  although,  according  to  the  decision  of  the 
War  Department,  it  was  May  23,  1864 ;  while  actually 
it  was  May  30,  at  Chattanooga,  and  the  men  were  not 
discharged  until  June  7,  —  while,  for  whole  companies, 
the  three  years  expired  May  10.  The  rule  adopted  by 
the  War  Department  considered  the  original  "  muster- 
in  "  to  be  May  24,  1861.  The  ten  companies  were 
actually  mustered  in  before  the  20th.  In  the  following 
lists,  the  actual  date  of  enlistment  is  given  in  all  known 
cases, — all  before  May  11,  1861,  however,  being 
brought  to  that  date.  The  State  reports  give  July  14, 
1865,  as  the  day  of  final  discharge.  The  papers  were 


THE   ENLISTED   MEN.  297 

made  out  that  day,  but  the  men  were  kept  in  service 
and  paid  to  July  26.  The  latter  date  is  therefore 
adopted  in  these  pages. 

The  various  items  regarding  each  soldier  have  been 
compiled  from  the  regimental  and  company  descriptive- 
books,  the  morning  report-books,  the  monthly  returns, 
the  memoranda  of  the  writer  —  as  to  casualties  —  made 
upon  the  field,  the  diaries  of  various  officers ;  corrected 
by  the  personal  information  of  many  officers  and  men 
to  whom  all  the  first  term's  record  was  read,  and  by  the 
help  of  some  of  whom  it  has  since  been  continued.  By 
this  personal  consultation,  many  facts  were  supplied, 
and  discrepancies  reconciled.  The  admirably  compiled 
papers  in  the  adjutant-general's  office,  have  also  been 
of  the  greatest  service. 

The  compiler  is  painfully  conscious  that  some  errors 
will  be  found  in  these  pages  ;  but,  for  each  item,  there 
is  authority,  and  no  suspected  error  has  passed  without 
careful  investigation. 


298  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS   INFANTKY. 


THE  MEN  OF  THE  FIRST  TERM  OF 
SERVICE. 


COMPANY    A.i 

ALDRICH,  Loammi  B.  25.  Stanstead,  C.E.  Teamster. 
11  May,  1861.  Lowell.2  —  Detailed  regimental  wagoner, 

I  July,  1861 ;  detached  as  brigade  wagoner,  22  Dec.,  1862. 
Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

ATKINSON,  Ira.  19.  Sandwich,  N.H.  Shearer.  11  May 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Deserted  23  June,  1861. 

BAB  COCK,  Alonzo  J.  26.  Norwich,  Vt.  Weaver.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Transferred  21  Dec.,  1861,  to 
Company  H  ;  which  see. 

BAIL ET,  James  H.  19.  Lowell,  Mass.  Operative.  11  May, 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  arm,  25  May,  1862,  near 
Winchester.  Taken  prisoner,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellors- 
ville;  exchanged.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

BAILEY,   Walter   S.     19.     Lowell,   Mass.      Calico  printer. 

II  May,  1861.     Lowell.  —  Corporal,  12  Feb.,  1862;  ser- 

1  The  usual  order  is  reversed,  and  the  officers'  record  placed  last,  in  the 
hope  of  procuring  additional  information  regarding  some  of  the  latter,  prior 
to  printing. 

2  For  the  sake  of  brevity,  the  designation  of  the  items  of  thejirst  line,  to 
each  name,  are  omitted.    This  line,  if  printed  in  full,  would  read :  ALDRICH, 
Loammi  B.    Aged  25,  when  enlisted.    Born  in  Stanstead,  C.E.     Teamster 
by  occupation.     Enlisted  11   May,  1861.     Residence  when  enlisted,  Lowell. 
The  words  in  Italics  are  to  be  understood  in  each  case ;    the  same  order 
being  preserved,  and  ignorance  of  any  item  being  denoted  by  points. 


THE    ENLISTED   MEN.  299 

geant,  14  Jan.,  1863.  Discharged  24  April,  1863,  to  re 
ceive  commission  of  second  lieutenant  in  the  Twenty-eighth 
Massachusetts. 

BALL,  Henry  C.  22.  Billerica,  Mass.  Machinist.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  knee,  3  July,  1863, 
at  Gettysburg;  and  died  in  consequence,  17  July,  1863,  at 
Gettysburg. 

BARKER,  Moses  D.     31.     Lowell,  Me.     Moulder.     14  Oct. 

1861.  Lowell,  r- Mustered  out  14  Oct.,  1864. 
BASCOM,  Wallace.     31.     Newport,  N.H.     Painter.     6  Aug., 

1862.  Lowell.  —  Killed  in  action,  3  July,  1863,  at  Get 
tysburg. 

BASSETT,  Joseph  C.     22.     Corinna,  Me.     Weaver.    11  May, 

1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  June,  1861.     Killed  in  action, 
9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain. 

BICKFORD,  David.  27.  Barrington,  N.H.  Farmer.  11 
May,  1861.  Tewksbury.  —  Detailed  as  regimental  wag 
oner,  July,  1861,  to  .  .  .  1861 :  and  again,  9  April,  1863,  to 
26  Sept.,  1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

BLAKE,  Charles  G.  21.  Brownington,  Vt.  Painter.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Appointed  marker,  August,  1862. 
Wounded  in  head,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville ;  re 
turned  to  duty,  10  Aug.,  1863.  Mustered  out  28  May, 
1864. 

BOWMAN,  James  A.  25.  Tyrone,  Ireland.  Painter.  6 
Aug.,  1862.  Lowell.  — Wounded  in  leg,  3  July,  1863,  at 
Gettysburg;  returned  to  duty  in  a  few  days.  Mustered 
out  28  May,  1864. 

BOWMAN,  William.  23.  Tyrone,  Ireland.  Moulder.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

BRIGGS,  Franklin  W.     29.     Sumner,  Me.     Carder.     7  Aug., 

1862.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  shoulder,  3  July,  1863,  at 
Gettysburg ;  transferred  to  Invalid  Corps. 

BRIGGS,  John,  jun.  37.  Sumner,  Me.  Spinner.  7  Aug., 
1862.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  knee-joint,  3  July,  1863,  at 


300       SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Gettysburg ;  and  died  in  consequence,  8  Aug.,  1863,  at  Get 
tysburg. 

BRIGHT,  Henry.  27.  Surrey,  England.  Weaver.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Killed  in  action,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at 
Cedar  Mountain. 

BROWN,  Daniel  W.  21.  Hebron,  Conn.  Weaver.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Detached  to  division  ambulance 
corps,  16  Oct.,  1862.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

BROWN,  George  H.  20.  Lowell,  Mass.  Teamster.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Enlisted  as  regimental  wagoner. 
Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

BULLARD,  William  T.  37.  Oxford,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
18  Aug.,  1862.  Framingham.  —  Killed  in  action,  3  July, 
1863,  at  Gettysburg. 

BULLENS,  Frank  M.  19.  Lowell,  Mass.  Machinist.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  25  Oct. 
1862. 

BURNS,  John.  19.  Sandford,  England.  Machinist.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  head  (by  shell),  24 
May,  1862,  near  Newtown,  Va. ;  returned  to  duty  in  a  few 
days.  Wounded  in  shoulder  (exsection),  3  July,  1863, 
at  Gettysburg;  discharged  in  consequence,  27  Oct.,  1863. — 
(Rolls  at  State  House  say  "  expiration  of  term  of  service.") 

BUTTERFIELD,  Dexter.  19.  Dunstable,  Mass.  Farmer. 
15  Oct.,  1861.  Dunstable. — Transferred  to  Company  A 
from  Company  H,  21  Dec.,  1861.  Corporal,  1  Oct.,  1863; 
sergeant,  1  July,  1864.  Mustered  out  14  Oct.,  1864. 

BUXTON,  Frank  W.  26.  Londonderry.  Commercial  agent. 
1 L  May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  foot,  9  Aug.,  1862, 
at  Cedar  Mountain;  and  discharged  in  consequence,  21 
Nov.,  1862. 

Buxix  N,  George  W.  28.  Nelson,  N.H.  Truckman.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  — Corporal,  10  Dec.,  1861.  Wounded 
in  both  ankles,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain ;  and  died 
in  consequence,  at  Alexandria,  Va. 


THE    ENLISTED   MEN.  301 

CALLAHAN,  John.  28.  Ireland.  Carder.  11  May,  1861. 
Lowell.  —  Deserted  8  June,  1861. 

CHENEY,  David  J.  38.  Shrewsbury,  Vt.  Carpenter.  7 
Aug.,  1862.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  wrist,  3  May,  1863, 
at  Chancellorsville ;  discharged  in  consequence,  18  Jan., 
1864. 

CONLAN,  Allan  H.  20.  Dracut,  Mass.  Blacksmith.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  25  May,  1861,  to  ... 
June,  1861.  Having  been  sent  to  hospital  in  Washington, 
in  1861,  was  appointed  ward-master;  and  was  discharged 
by  order  of  the  War  Department,  1  July,  1862,  to  receive 
the  appointment  of  hospital  steward. 

COOK,  James  W.  29.  Reading,  Mass.  Furniture  manu 
facturer.  11  May,  1861.  Reading.  —  Corporal,  14  Aug., 
1861 ;  Sergeant,  14  July,  1862  ;  First  sergeant,  27  Dec., 
1862.  Wounded  in  hand,  24  May.  1862,  at  Kernstown, 
Va.;  not  disabled.  Wounded  3  May,  1863,  at  Chan 
cellorsville;  not  disabled.  Promoted  to  be  second  lieutenant, 
19  March,  1863.  —  See  Commissioned  Officers. 

DAGGETT,  Andrew  J.  32.  Burlington,  Vt.  Carpenter.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell. — Detailed  as  hospital  ward-mas 
ter,  12  May,  1861.  Died  of  small-pox,  January,  1864,  at 
Washington,  D.C. 

DAVIS,  James  A.  18.  Dunstable,  Mass.  Farmer.  15 
Oct.,  1861.  Duustable.  —  Transferred  to  Company  A 
from  Company  H,  21  Dec.,  1861.  Wounded  in  leg,  17 
Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam;  and  discharged  in  consequence, 
23  Jan.,  1863. 

DAY,  Charles.  24.  Littleton,  N.H.  Teamster.  11  May, 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Detached  as  wagoner,  to  corps  head 
quarters,  16  Jan.,  1863;  to  Quartermaster's  Department, 
Brigade,  16  April,  1864.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

DEMMING,  John  F.  26.  Saco,  Me.  Butcher.  11  May, 
1861.  Lowell.— Corporal,  25  May,  1861.  Discharged 
for  disability,  17  Feb.,  1862. 


302      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

DUNNELL,  Charles  S.  22.  Wiscasset,  Me.  Glass-silverer. 
24  May,  1861.  East  Cambridge.  —  Transferred  to  Com 
pany  A  from  Company  B,  4  April,  1863.  Company 
musician,  4  April,  1863.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

DURGIN,  Leavitt  C.  18.  B  .  .  .  N.Y.  Weaver.  11  May, 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  22  Dec.,  1861 ;  "a  just  recog 
nition  of  his  soldierly  qualities  and  conduct."  Color  corpo 
ral,  4  July,  1862  ;  sergeant,  14  Jan.,  1863  ;  color  sergeant, 
28  Feb.,  1863.  Killed  in  action,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettys 
burg.  "  To  lament  with  you  the  loss  of  our  brave  young 
color-bearer,"  said  Colonel  Cogswell  in  General  Order. 

DUSTIN,  Eben   S.     19.     Nashua,  N.H.     Tailor.     11   May, 

1861.  Nashua,   N.H.  —  Wounded    in    elbow,    17    Sept., 

1862,  at  Autietam;  and  died  in  consequence,  4  Feb.,  1863, 
at  Harrisburg,  Penn. 

DYER,  Looman  H.  24.  Freeman,  Me.  Watchman.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Killed  in  action,  9  Aug.,  1862, 
at  Cedar  Mountain. 

EMERY,  Samuel  T.  22.  Piermont,  N.H.  Dealer.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  19  Oct., 
1862.  . 

FARNHAM,  George  W.  19.  East  Pittsport,  Me.  Lumber 
man.  12  Oct.,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Detailed  as  attendant  in 
regimental  hospital,  16  June,  1862.  Detached  as  orderly 
at  division  headquarters,  3  Nov.,  1863.  Mustered  out 
28  May,  1864. 

FERSON,  Levi  O.  21.  Nashua,  N.H.  Brakeman.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  14  Jan.,  1863.  Ser 
geant,  12  May,  1863.  Wounded  in  arm,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at 
Cedar  Mountain ;  returned  to  duty  in  1862.  Wounded  in 
head,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg;  returned  to  duty,  17 
Aug.,  1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

FLEMMING,  James.  21.  Tason,  Ireland.  Moulder.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Killed  in  action,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at 
Cedar  Mountain. 


THE    ENLISTED   MEN.  303 

FLETCHER,  Orra  A.  34.  Westford,  Mass.  Operative.  7 
Aug.,  1862.  Lowell.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  18  Nov., 
1863. 

FOSTER,  James  L.  22.  Rutland,  Yt.  Weaver.  7  Aug., 
1862.  Lowell.— Died  of  typhoid  fever,  27  Nov.,  1862, 
near  Sharpsburg,  Md. 

FOSTER,  Nathaniel  D.  P.  21.  Ludlow,  Vt.  Machinist. 
11  May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  breast,  9  Aug., 
1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain;  and  transferred  to  Invalid  Corps, 

I  July,  1863. 

FOSTER,  Silas  P.  31.  Rutland,  Vt.  Dresser.  7  Aug., 
1862.  Lowell.  —  Killed  in  action,  3  July,  1863,  at  Get 
tysburg. 

FOSTER,  Willard.  24.  Mendon,  Vt.  Carder.  7  Aug., 
1862.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  arm  (amputated)  and  in 
leg,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg;  and  died  in  consequence, 
8  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg. 

FULLER,  Charles  H.  19.  Lowell,  Mass.  Spinner.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  ankle,  9  Aug.,  1862, 
at  Cedar  Mountain ;  discharged  in  consequence,  13  Feb., 
1863. 

FULLER,  Edwin  A.     20.     Lowell,  Mass.     Carpet  operative. 

II  May,  1861.     Lowell.  —  Discharged  for  disability,   14 
July,  1861. 

GARLAND,  John  A.  19.  Tewksbury,  Mass.  Milkman. 
11  May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

GELRAY,  Joseph  W.  24.  Manchester,  England.  Weaver. 
11  May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  June,  1861.  Trans 
ferred  22  Dec.,  1861,  to  Company  H;  which  see.  —  See 
also  Commissioned  Officers. 

GEORGE,  John  F.  22.  Boscawen,  N.H.  Machinist.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Sergeant,  25  May,  1861;  color 
sergeant,  4  July,  1862.  Promoted  to  be  second  lieutenant, 
10  Aug.,  1862.  —  See  Commissioned  Officers. 


304  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS   INFANTRY. 

GIFFORD,  Leonard  G.     18.     Lowell,  Mass.     Engine  driver. 

11   May,  1861.     Lowell.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  20 

Dec.,  1861. 
GILMAN,  Newhall  G.     35.     Norridgewock,  Me.     Watchman. 

11  May,  1861.     Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  arm,  9  Aug.,  1862, 

at  Cedar  Mountain;  and  died  in  consequence,  14   Sept., 

1862,  at  Alexandria,  Va. 

GIROUX,  Thomas  C.  32.  Montreal,  C.E.  Dresser.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Enlisted  as  company  musician. 
Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

GLINES,  Amos.  44.  Moultonborough,  N.H.  Blacksmith. 
7  Aug.,  1862.  Lowell.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

GOODWIN,  Alfred  R.  21.  Lowell,  Mass.  Operative.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Deserted  8  June,  1861. 

GRAY,  Timothy.  22.  Lowell,  Mass.  Mechanic.  11  May, 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Died  of  heart  disease,  2  Nov.,  1862, 
near  Sharpsburg,  Md. 

HALL,  Jeremiah  S.  32.  Salem,  N.H.  Salesman.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  1 4  Jan.,  1863.  Wounded 
in  arm,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam;  returned  to  duty, 
25  Dec.,  1862.  Wounded  in  abdomen,  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville ;  returned  to  duty,  17  May,  1863.  Killed 
in  action,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg. 

HANSON,  Ephraim  C.  33.  Ossipee,  N.H.  Box-maker.  6 
Aug.,  1862.  Lowell.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

HARLOW,  Edwin.  26.  Liverpool,  N.S.  Salesman.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  At  regimental  headquarters,  25 
July,  1861,  to  12  Nov.,  1862.  Re-enlisted  31  Dec., 

1863.  —  See  Second  Term. 

HASTINGS,  Charles.  26.  Amherst,  N.H.  Carpenter.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  14  Jan.,  1863.  Ser 
geant,  25  April,  1863,  to  10  May,  1863.  Corporal  again, 
13  March,  1864.  Detached  as  carpenter  to  artillery  am 
munition  train,  27  May,  1863,  to  22  July,  1863.  Re-enlisted 
31  Dec.,  1863.  —  See  Second  Term. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  305 

HAYES,  Edwin  K.  21.  Poland,  Me.  Operative.  11  May, 
1861.  Clinton.  —  Dropped  from  rolls,  27  July,  1863. 

HAZELTON,  Henry  T.  20.  Boston,  Mass.  Machinist.  11 
May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Killed  in  action,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at 
Cedar  Mountain. 

HEOY,  Patrick.  20.  Lei  trim,  Ireland.  Carder.  11  May, 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  12  May,  1863.  Killed  in  ac 
tion,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg. 

HIBBARD,  Thaddeus  A.  19.  Franklinville,  N.Y.  Farmer. 
11  May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Died  of  typhoid  fever,  5  Aug., 
1861,  at  Hagerstown,  Md. 

HINES,  Richard  S.     29.     Munson,  Me.     Farmer.     11  May, 

1861.  Munson,  Me.  —  Detached  to  division  ambulance  corps, 
16  Oct.,  1862.     Discharged  for  disability,  16  Jan.,  1863. 

HUNTER,  Robert.     38.     St.  Johns,  N.B.    Laborer.    12  Aug., 

1862.  Boston.  —  Wounded  in  arm,  3  July,  1&63,  at  Gettys 
burg;  discharged  in  consequence,  4  Feb.,  1864. 

HUNTLEY,  Matthew.  22.  Trowbridge,  England.  Black 
smith.  11  May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  12  May, 

1863.  Wounded  through  arm,  3  July,  1863,  at   Gettys 
burg;  discharged  in  consequence  in  .  .  .  1863. 

INGALLS,  Charles  F.  25.  Lynn,  Mass.  Clerk.  11  May, 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  foot,  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville  ;  discharged  in  consequence,  22  Feb.,  1864. 

IVERS,  James.  25.  ...  Ireland.  Moulder.  11  May,  1861. 
Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  face,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg; 
discharged  in  consequence,  22  Feb.,  1864. 

JACKSON,  John  P.  23.  Durham,  N.H.  Carpenter.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

JAQUES,  Silas  H.  18.  Manchester,  N.H.  Machinist.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Enlisted  as  company  musician- 
Discharged  for  disability,  29  Jan.,  1863. 

JONES,    Conley    R.      21.      Andover,   Mass.      Farmer.      II 
May,  1861.     Lowell.  —  Deserted  15  June,  1861. 
20 


306  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

KIDDER,  John  W.  21.  Lowell,  Mass.  Moulder.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  head,  3  July,  1863, 
at  Gettysburg;  transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  15  Feb., 
1864. 

KITTREDGE,  Edmund  R.  22.  Newburyport,  Mass.  Painter. 
11  May,  18.61.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  leg,  17  Sept., 

1862,  at  Antietam ;   and  discharged  in   consequence,   12 
Dec.,  1862. 

LADD,  William  W.  26.  Lowell,  Mass.  Currier.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  17  Nov., 
1862. 

LAMB,  George.  23.  Langdon,  N.H.  Carpenter.  11  May, 
1861.  Langdon,  N.H.  —  Corporal,  14  Jan.,  1863.  Wounded 
in  arm,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville  ;  not  disabled.  De 
tailed  to  duty  at  Long  Island,  Boston  Harbor,  27  July, 

1863.  Absent  on  recruiting  service,  23  May,  1864,  when 
mustered  out. 

LANE,  Lyman.  »18.     St.  Albans,  Me.     Blacksmith.     7  Oct., 

1861.  North  Tewksbury.  —  Wounded  in  thigh,  9  Aug., 

1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain  ;  dropped  from  the  rolls,  27  July, 
1863  ;  discharged,  no  date  given. 

LEE,  William  M.  22.  Stanstead,  C.E.  Machinist.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  ear,  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville ;  not  disabled.  Mustered  out  28  May, 
1864. 

LEVERS EE,  Wesley  R.  24.  Smyrna,  N.Y.  Carpenter. 
11  May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  14  Jan.,  1863. 
Color  corporal,  14  Jan.,  1863,  to  12  Oct.,  1863.  Mus 
tered  out  28  May,  1864. 

LIVINGSTON,  Nelson  S.  19.  Lowell,  Mass.  Salesman. 
11  May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Killed  in  action,  9  Aug.,  1862, 
at  Cedar  Mountain. 

LOVEJOY,  Jonathan  W.  44.  Hollis,  N.H.  Policeman. 
11  May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  25  May,  1861. 
Discharged  for  disability,  5  Nov.,  1862. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  307 

MAGEE,  Deyea.      28.      Decatur,  N.Y.      Carder.     11  May, 

18G1.  Lowell.  —  Sergeant,  25  May,  1861,  to  14  July, 

1862.  Discharged  for  disability,  9  March,  1863. 
MASON,  Ripley  E.     26.      Mercer,  Me.      Shoemaker.      11 

May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Hospital  attendant,  13  Aug.,  1861. 
Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  1  July,  1863. 

McALPiNE,  Thomas  D.  22.  Lowell,  Mass.  Wool-spinner. 
11  May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  shoulder  (by 
shell)  and  in  abdomen,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain; 
returned  to  duty,  19  Aug.,  1862.  Wounded  in  heel,  17 
Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam;  and  discharged  in  consequence, 
25  June,  1863.  Commissioned  as  second  lieutenant  in 
Invalid  Corps. 

Me  ALPINE,  William  T.  21.  Saxon  ville,  Mass.  Wheel 
wright.  11  May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Sergeant,  25  April, 

1863.  Wounded  in  arm,  in  thigh,  and  through  the  body, 
9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain ;    returned  to  duty, .  .  . 

Wounded   in   the   head,  3    May,   1863,    at 

Chancellorsville ;    returned  to  duty,  24  Aug.,  1863.     Re- 
enlisted  31  Dec.,  1863.  — See  Second  Term. 

MclNTiRE,  Albion  C.  20.  Waterford,  Me.  Carpenter.  11 
May,  1861.  North  Reading  (Lowell?).  —  Detached  to 
Fourth  United-States  Artillery,  8  April,  1862.  Discharged 
for  disability,  4  June,  1862. 

MCLAUGHLIN,  Michael  J.  19.  Clinton,  Mass.  Grocer. 
11  May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Taken  prisoner,  5  May,  1862, 
at  Brock's  Gap,  Massanutten  Mountains ;  escaped  from 
the  camp  of  the  enemy,  and  reached  the  regiment,  13  May. 
Wounded  in  hand,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester.  Dropped 
from  the  rolls  as  deserter  (on  furlough.) 

MILES,  William  H.  25.  Limerick,  Me.  Carder.  11  May, 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  14  Jan.,  1863.  Sergeant,  13 
July,  1863.  Re-enlisted  31  Dec.,  1863.  — See  Second 
Term. 


308  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS   INFANTKY. 

MINOR,  Charles.     31.     Armand,  C.E.     Operative.     7  Aug., 

1862.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  hand,  15  May,  1864,  at 
Resaca,  Geo.     Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

MORSE,  Alexander.  19.  South  Boston,  Mass.  Fuller. 
11  May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  knee,  3  July, 

1863,  at   Gettysburg;    returned   to   duty  in  a  few  days. 
Wounded  in  hand,  15  May,  1864,  at  Resaca.     Mustered 
out  28  May,  1864. 

MORSE,  George  R.  23.  Kennebunk,  Me.  Dentist.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  .  .  .  June,  1861,  to  14 
Aug.,  1861.  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1861,  at  Winchester ; 
returned  to  company,  25  Oct.,  1862.  Mustered  out  28 
May,  1864. 

Moss,  William.  26.  Manchester,  England.  Operative  in 
cloth  room,  11  May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  25 
May,  1861,  to  10  Dec.,  1861.  Wounded  in  wrist,  3  May, 
1863,  at  Chancellors ville ;  discharged  in  consequence,  10 
Nov.,  1863. 

NUTTER,  Luther  P.  22.  Ossipee,  N.H.  Shoemaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Killed  in  action,  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville. 

O'HARE,  Andrew  J.  22.  Salem,  Mass.  Moulder.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell  (Salem  ?).  —  Taken  prisoner,  27  Aug., 
1862,  in  hospital  at  Warrenton,  Va.  Discharged  for  dis 
ability,  4  Nov.,  1862. 

O'HARE,  Polinus.     21.     Portland,  Me.     Farmer.     11  May, 

1861.  Lowell  (Salem?).  —  Discharged  for  disability,  20 
Dec.,  1862. 

PAGE,  George  W.  20.  Canaan,  N.H.  Harness-maker. 
11  May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  thigh,  9  Aug., 

1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain,  and  taken  prisoner;  returned  to 
duty,   23   Oct.,    1862.      Detached   to   division  ambulance 
corps,  28  Oct.,  1862.     Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

PAGE>  Lucius.  19.  Hyde  Park,  Vt.  Machinist.  11  May, 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  25  April,  1863.  Wounded  in 
arm,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain;  wounded  in  thigh, 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  309 

3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville ;  and  died  in  consequence, 
June,  1863,  at  Acquia  Landing,  Va. 

PENDERGAST,  Richard.  25.  Portland,  Me.  Carpenter, 
11  May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  January,  1862  ;  ser 
geant,  14  Jan.,  1863 ;  first  sergeant,  25  April,  1863. 
Wounded  in  side,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg;  returned 
to  duty,  24  Aug.,  1863.  Re-enlisted  31  Dec.,  1863.  — See 
Second  Term. 

PERKINS,  Charles  E.  40.  S wanton,  Vt.  Carder.  11  May, 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  5  Nov.,  1862. 

PHELPS,  Francis  D.  23.  Leominster,  Mass.  Currier.  1 1 
May,  1 861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  25  May,  1861.  Wounded 
in  shoulder,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain ;  and  dis 
charged  in  consequence,  26  Jan.,  1863. 

PHILLIPS,  Samuel  R.  34.  Brecon,  Wales.  Book-keeper. 
11  May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Sergeant,  25  May,  1861,  to 
13  Feb.,  1862;  color  sergeant,  .  .  .  1861,  to  .  .  .  1862. 
Discharged  for  disability,  25  Oct.,  1862. 

PICKERING,  Theophilus  D.  22.  Gorham,  Me.  Lamp 
lighter.  11  May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Detached  to  division 
ambulance  train,  16  Oct.,  1862,  to  16  July,  1863.  Detailed 
as  regimental  wagoner,  January,  1864.  Mustered  out  28 
May,  1864. 

PROUTY,  Sidney  S.  31.  Onondaga  Co.,  N.Y.  Mason. 
11  May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  through  leg  (below 
knee),  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg;  and  died  in  conse 
quence,  19  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg. 

RICHARDS,  William  Cn  26.  Camden,  Me.  Cooper.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell  (Camden,  Me.  ?) .  —  Discharged  for  dis 
ability, ...  1862. 

ROBBINS,  Leverett.  40.  Ipswich,  Mass.  Carriage-maker. 
28  Oct.,  1862.  Boston.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  16 
Jan.,  1863. 

RYERSON,  Horace.  26.  Livermore  Falls,  Me.  Lumber 
man.  12  Oct.,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Died  of  chronic  diar-% 
rhcea,  3  Dec.,  1861,  at  Alexandria,  Va. 


310  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

SARGEANT,  John  S.  18.  Lowell,  Mass.  Salesman.  9 
July,  1862.  Lowell.  —  Absent  28  May,  1864,  when  mus 
tered  out. 

SAWYER,  Nathan  D.  A.  22.  Salem,  Mass.  Farmer.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  25  May,  1861;  ser 
geant,  12  Feb.,  1862.  Wounded  through  the  chest,  25 
May,  1862,  at  Winchester ;  returned  to  regiment,  13  Sept. 

1862.  Promoted  to  be  second  lieutenant,  10  Aug.,  1862. — 
See  Commissioned  Officers. 

SEYMOUR,  George  H.     28.     Maidstone,  England.     Painter. 

11  May,   1861.     Lowell.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  17 
Dec.,  1861. 

SHERMAN,  George  W.  18.  Lowell,  Mass.  Scholar.  1 
July,  1862.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  shoulder,  3  May, 

1863,  at  Chancellorsville ;  not  disabled.    Missing  on  march 
from  Kingston,  Ga.,  6  June,  1864;  probably  prisoner.     Re 
ported  as  having  died  in  Andersoriville  prison. 

SHERMAN,  William  H.  20.  Lowell,  Mass.  Weaver.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  side,  3  July,  1863,  at 
Gettysburg.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

SHIRLEY,  James  H.  24.  Portland,  Me.  Moulder.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  arm,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at 
Cedar  Mountain ;  and  discharged  in  consequence,  6  Nov., 
1862. 

SPAULDING,  Oscar.     18.     Lowell,  Mass.    Weaver.     11  May, 

1861.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  thigh  and  in  arm,  9  Aug., 

1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain ;    and  died  in  consequence,  Aug., 
1862,  at  Alexandria,  Va. 

STACY,  John  R.  30.  Manchester,  N.H.  Shoemaker.  12 
Oct.,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Discharged  for  disability  (result  of 
sun-stroke),  16  Jan.,  1863. 

STICKNEY,  Henry  E.     21.     Andover,  Mass.    School-teacher. 

12  June,  1861.     Wilmington.  —  Discharged  for  disability, 
12  Aug.,  1861. 


THE    ENLISTED   MEN.  311 

STOVER,  Jesse  G.  23.  South  Thomaston,  Me.  Spinner. 
11  May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Sergeant,  25  May,  1861,  to  25 
April,  1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

SWEAT,  Joseph  S.  G.  18.  Lowell,  Mass.  Sash  and  blind 
maker.  11  May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Discharged  for  disabil 
ity,  1  June,  1861. 

Tic EHTJRST,  James.  33.  Derby,  Vt.  Machinist.  11  May, 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Detailed  as  regimental  wagoner,  10 
June,  1861 ;  detached  as  wagoner  in  corps  train,  21  Jan., 
1863,  and  made  master-wagoner.  Mustered  out  28  May, 
1864. 

TILTON,  Charles  F.  23.  Lowell,  Mass.  Carpenter.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  25  May,  1861,  to  5  Feb., 
1863.  Wounded  in  wrist,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Moun 
tain  ;  returned  to  the  regiment,  but,  being  disabled,  was  de 
tailed  as  clerk  to  brigade  quartermaster,  5  Feb.,  1863 
Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

TRIPP,  James  E.  22.  Lowell,  Mass.  Machinist.  11  May, 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  25  April,  1863,  to  1  Oct.,  1863. 
Wounded  through  neck,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville ; 
returned  to  duty,  17  Aug.,  1863.  Re-enlisted  31  Dec., 
1863.  — See  Second  Term. 

TRUE,  Emmons  T.  24.  Freeman,  Me.  Watchman.  7 
Aug.,  1862.  Lowell.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

TUCK,  Andrew  J.  43.  Fayette,  Me.  Dresser  (overseer). 
7  Aug.,  1862.  Lowell.— Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

TUCKERMAN,  Prentiss.  19.  Cambridge,  Mass.  Engine- 
driver.  11  May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Discharged  for  disa 
bility,  in  1861. 

UPTON,  Joseph.  39.  Tyngsboro',  Mass.  Carpet-weaver. 
11  May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Detailed  as  company  cook,  15 
July,  1861,  but  served  with  his  musket  in  each  action  in 
which  the  company  was  engaged.  Wounded  in  right  arm, 
9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain;  returned  to  duty,  20 
Aug.,  1862.  Absent  sick,  28  May,  1864,  when  mustered 
out.  (Universally  esteemed  and  loved.) 


312      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

WALKER,  Rosalvo  M.  19.  Wilton,  Me.  Weaver.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  1  Oct.,  1863.  Taken 
prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester;  returned  to  duty, 
23  Oct.,  1862.  Wounded  in  face,  3  May,  1862,  at  Chancel- 
lorsville ;  returned  to  duty,  21  July,  1863.  Mustered  out 
28  May,  1864. 

WRITTEN,  Eben  B.  24.  Wilton,  Me.  Spinner.  11  May, 
1861.  Lowell.  —  First  sergeant,  25  May,  1861.  Killed  in 
action,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain. 

WILSON,  Foster.  35.  Hudson,  N.H.  Carder  (overseer). 
7  Aug.,  1862.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  head,  3  May,  1863, 
at  Chancellorsville ;  returned  to  duty,  17  May,  1863. 
Wounded  in  leg,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg;  returned 
to  duty,  21  Dec.,  1863.  Re-enlisted  31  Dec.,  1863.  — See 
Second  Term. 

WRIGHT,  Lewis  C.  24.  Berlin,  Vt.  Weaver.  11  May, 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Died  of  dysentery,.  5  Oct.,  1862,  at 
Maryland  Heights. 


COMPANY    B. 

ABBOTT,  James.  21.  Shapleigh,  Me.  Farmer.  25  May, 
1861.  Shapleigh,  Me.  —  Corporal,  1  Oct.,  1863.  Mus 
tered  out  28  May,  1864. 

ALTON,  Samuel  T.  21.  Sandwich,  Mass.  Cabinet-maker. 
May,  1861.  Salem.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,'  1862,  at 
Winchester;  returned  to  duty,  25  Oct.,  1862.  Wounded 
in  thigh,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg;  and  died  in  conse 
quence,  17  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg. 

APPLETON,  James  M.  P.  19.  Milton,  N.H.  Machinist. 
14  Oct.,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  17  Oct.,  1862,  at 
Antietam  ;  and  transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  27  Sept.,  1863. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  313 

BICKFORD,  Charles  H.  20.  Boston,  Mass.  Machinist. 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Killed  in  action,  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville. 

BLAKE,  Darius  G.  21.  Salem,  Mass.  Laborer.  May, 
1861.  Salem.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  28  Feb.,  1863. 

BOWLEY,  Leander  G.  18.  ...  Me.  Farmer.  May,  1861. 
Chelmsford.  —  Corporal,  4  Oct.,  1862.  Sergeant,  15  Feb., 
1863.  Wounded  in  arm  and  side,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettys 
burg;  returned  to  duty,  16  Dec.,  1863.  Re-enlisted  31 
Dec.,  1863.  —  See  Second  Term. 

BREEN,  Owen.  25.  Tyrone,  Ireland.  Farmer.  May,  1861. 
Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  foot,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Moun 
tain;  returned  to  duty,  11  Oct.,  1862.  Deserted  24  Aug., 
1863. 

BROOKS,    George.     26.     Gardner,   Mass.     Laborer.      May, 

1861.  Gardner.  —  Corporal,  14  Aug.,  1861.     Absent  in 
hospital,  28  May,  1864,  when  mustered  out. 

BUTLAND,  Edward.  20.  Kennebunk,  Me.  Ship-carpenter. 
May,  1861.  Kennebunk,  Me. — Taken  prisoner,  25  May, 

1862,  at  Winchester,  and  paroled;   returned  to  duty,  13 
Dec.,  1862.     Wounded  in  side,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancel 
lorsville ;  returned  to  duty,  16  Dec.,  1863.     Mustered  out 
28  May,  1864. 

CADY,  John  D.     20.     New  Bedford,  Mass.     Farmer.     May, 

1861.  Vassalboro',   Me.  —  Wounded    through    chest,    17 
Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam  ;  and  died  in  consequence,  30  Sept., 

1862.  at  Frederick,  Md. 

CALLAHAN,  Daniel.  21.  Cork,  Ireland.  Glass-maker. 
11  Aug.,  1862.  East  Cambridge.  —  Wounded  in  shoulder, 
3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville ;  returned  to  duty,  9  Oct., 

1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

CARNEY,  James.  20.  England.  Cordwainer.  May,  1861. 
Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  head,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester  ; 
not  disabled.  Wounded  in  shoulder,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chan 
cellorsville  ;  transferred  to  Invalid  Corps. 


314  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS   LNFANTKY. 

CARNEY,  John.  19.  Cork,  Ireland.  Baker.  May,  1861. 
Haverhill.  —  Wounded  in  arm,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam  ; 
and  discharged  in  consequence,  23  Dec.,  1862. 

CHEEVER,  Appleton.  18.  Dracut,  Mass.  Farmer.  May, 
1861.  Lowell.  — Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

CHRISTIE,  Robert.  25.  Tyrone,  Ireland.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  — Wounded  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  An 
tietam;  not  disabled.  Killed  in  action,  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville. 

CLARK,  William  W.  18.  Waterville,  Me.  Farmer.  May. 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Re-enlisted  and  transferred  1  Jan.,  1864, 
to  Company  K;  which  see. —  See  Second  Term. 

CLOUGH,  Thomas  H.  24.  Tamworth,  N.H.  Blacksmith, 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  May,  1861,  to  12  Aug., 
1861.  Discharged  for  disability,  30  Nov.,  1862. 

COLBY,  Lucius.  35.  Sutton,  Vt.  Painter.  9  Aug.,  1862. 
Lowell.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  18  Aug.,  1862. 

CONLAN,  Peter.  22.  Monahan,  Ireland.  Laborer.  May, 
1861.  East  Cambridge.  —  Wounded  through  neck,  through 
side,  and  through  leg,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg;  and 
died  in  consequence,  9  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg. 

COOK,  Benjamin  F.  22.  Shapleigh,  Me.  Farmer.  May, 
1861.  Shapleigh,  Me.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  21  Feb., 
1862. 

CORBETT,  William  J.  21.  Lowell,  Mass.  Laborer.  May, 
1861.  Lowell.  — Wounded  in  side,  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville;  returned  to  duty,  27  Oct.,  1863.  Mus 
tered  out  28  May,  1864. 

CROOKER,  Thomas.  32.  Eastport,  Me.  Laborer.  May, 
1861.  Boston.  —  Deserted  May,  1861. 

CROSSON,  James  F.  22.  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Billiard-maker. 
May,  1861.  Salem.  —  Corporal,  May,  1861,  to  12  Aug., 
1861.  Taken  prisoner,  24  May,  1862,  at  Strasburg,  Va. ; 
returned  to  duty,  28  Oct.,  1862.  Re-enlisted  31  Dec.,  1863. 
—  See  Second  Term. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  315 

CUMMINGS,  Frederick.  20.  Athol,  Mass.  Cordwainer.  May, 
1861.  Orange.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  4  March,  1863. 

DACE Y,  John.  32.  Lowell,  Mass.  Machinist.  May,  1861. 
Boston.  —  Deserted  9  July,  1861. 

DAMON,  Alva.  21.  Buckfield,  Me.  Farmer.  May,  1861, 
Paris,  Me.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winches 
ter;  returned  to  duty,  25  Oct.,  1862.  Mustered  out  28 
May,  1864. 

DEERING,  William.  33.  Tyrone,  Ireland.  Spinner.  9 
July,  1862.  Lowell.  —  Killed  in  action  at  Averysboro', 
N.C.,  16  March,  1865. 

DILLON,  Thomas.  31.  Clare,  Ireland.  Teamster.  24 
July,  1862.  Brookline.  —  Killed  in  action,  17  Sept.,  1862, 
at  Antietam. 

DIMMICK,  John  G.  29.  Lyme,  N.H.  Laborer.  18  May, 
1861.  Windham,  Me.  (Lyme,  N.H.?).  — Detailed  as  regi 
mental  wagoner,  1  July,  1861.  Discharged  for  disability, 
22  May,  1862. 

Dow,  Charles  H.  20.  Sanford,  Me.  Shoemaker.  May, 
1861.  Sanford,  Me.  —  Corporal,  29  Nov.,  1862,  to  10 
May,  1863;  and  again,  17  July,  1863  ("for  good  behavior 
in  action' at  Gettysburg"),  to  1  Oct.,  1863.  Mustered  out 
28  May,  1864. 

DUNNELL,  Charles  S.  22.  Wiscasset,  Me.  Glass-silverer. 
24  May,  1861.  East  Cambridge.  —  Enlisted  company- 
musician.  Transferred  4  April,  1863,  to  Company  A; 
which  see. 

EATON,  Simeon.     24.     Westminster,  Mass.     Painter.     May, 

1861.  Gardner.  —  Wounded  in  back  (side  shot),  9  Aug., 

1862,  at   Cedar   Mountain;    returned    to    duty,    12    Oct., 
1862;  discharged  in  consequence  of  wound,  18  Oct.,  1862. 

EDWARDS,  Henry.  20.  Boston,  Mass.  Gas-fitter.  28 
Aug.,  1862.  Boston.  —  Taken  prisoner  (wounded),  9 
June,  1863,  at  Beverly  Ford;  discharged  in  consequence, 
9  Oct.,  1863. 


316  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

EMERY,  Martin  B.  22.  Dixmont,  Me.  Farmer.  May,  1861. 
Lowell. —  Discharged  for  disability,  29  Jan.,  1863. 

EMMONS,  Benjamin.  43.  St.  Johns,  N.B.  Shoemaker.  8 
Aug.,  1862.  .  .  .  Sent  to  hospital,  Aug.,  1862;  discharged 
for  disability,  4  March,  1863. 

EVANS,  James  A.  21.  Limerick,  Me.  Laborer.  11  May, 
1861.  Limerick,  Me. — -Corporal,  May,  1861.  Sergeant. 
1  Aug.,  1861.  Drowned  in  the  Shenandoah  River,  near 
Edenburg,  Va.,  9  April,  1862,  while  in  discharge  of  duty. 

FAGAN,  Michael.  21.  Russell,  Mass.  Currier.  May, 
1861.  Dalton.  —  Wounded  in  arm,  25  May,  1862,  at 
Winchester;  discharged  in  consequence,  9  Oct.,  1862. 

FLANAGAN,  James.  22.  Lowell,  Mass.  Laborer.  May, 
1861.  Lowell. —  Corporal,  June,  1861,  to  6  July,  1861- 
Deserted  22  Aug.,  1861. 

Foss,  John  C.  36.  Deny,  N.H.  Painter.  9  Aug.,  1862. 
Lowell.  —  Killed  in  action,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville. 

FREEMAN,  George.  24.  Birmingham,  England.  Laborer, 
May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Drowned  in  the  Shenandoah  River, 
near  Edenburg,  Va.,  9  April,  1862,  while  in  discharge  of 
duty. 

FRENCH,  Charles.  25.  Porter,  Me.  Blacksmith.  May,  1861. 
Newfield,  Me.  —  Taken  prisoner,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chan 
cellorsville;  returned  to  duty,  14  Nov.,  1863.  Mustered 
out  28  May,  1864. 

GARDINER,  Benjamin  B.  26.  Salem,  Mass.  Carpenter. 
May,  1861.  Salem.  —  Wounded  in  head,  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville  ;  and  discharged  in  consequence. 

GARRITY,  Daniel.  23.  Lowell,  Mass.  Laborer.  May,  1861. 
Lowell.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester; 
returned  to  duty,  25  Oct.,  1862.  Wounded  in  face  and 
neck,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg;  returned  to  duty,  19 
Oct.,  1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

GILSON,  Albert.  22.  Dunstable,  Mass.  Teamster.  12  Oct., 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Killed  in  action,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Ce 
dar  Mountain. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  317 

GLEASON,  John.  22.  Limerick,  Ireland.  Laborer.  May, 
1861.  Chicopee.  —  Wounded  in  knee,  3  July,  1863,  at 
Gettysburg ;  returned  to  duty,  17  Jan.,  1864.  Mustered  out 
28  May,  1864. 

GORDON,  Elbridge  G.     24.     Solon,  Me.      Painter.      May, 

1861.  Solon,   Me.  —  Detached   as   assistant   to   division 
commissary,   1    March,    1862.      Mustered    out    28    May, 
1864. 

GOULD,  John.  39.  Groton,  Mass.  Teamster.  May,  1861. 
Lowell. —  Detailed  as  company  cook,  1861.  Re-enlisted 
31  Dec.,  1863.  — See  Second  Term. 

GREEN,  William  R.  21.  Salem,  Mass.  Tanner.  May,  1861. 
Salem.  —  Taken  prisoner,  August,  1862,  near  Manassas 
Junction;  returned  to  duty,  17  May,  1863.  Re-enlisted 
31  Dec.,  1863.  — See  Second  Term. 

GREENOUGH,  Daniel  S.  31.  Salem,  Mass.  Cordwainer. 
May,  1861.  Salem.  —  Wounded  in  foot,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at 
Cedar  Mountain  ;  returned  to  duty,  October,  1862.  Woun 
ded  in  head,  15  May,  1864,  at  Resaca ;  and  died  in  conse 
quence,  6  June,  1864. 

GRIFFIN,  John.    21.     Cork,  Ireland.     Upholsterer.     11  Aug., 

1862.  Boston.  —  Wounded  in  leg,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chan- 
cellorsville ;   returned  to  duty,  21  Aug.,  1863.     Mustered 
out  28  May,  1864. 

GRISWOLD,  Alonzo.  24.  Hinsdale,  Mass.  Farmer.  May, 
1861.  Dalton  (Hinsdale  ?).  —  Sergeant,  May,  1861.  Color 
sergeant,  Dec.,  1862,  to  ...  1862.  Detached  on  service  at 
Long  Island,  Boston  Harbor,  26  July,  1863;  absent  28 
May,  1864,  when  mustered  out. 

GRISWOLD,  D wight  F.  21.  New  Orleans,  La.  Painter. 
May,  1861.  Brattleboro',  Vt.  —  Sergeant,  May,  1861, 
to  1  Aug.,  1861.  Enlisted  in  Fourth  ^nited-States  Artil 
lery,  27  Oct.,  1862;  was  afterwards  wounded,  and  died  in 
consequence. 

HAM,  Edwin.  21.  Shapleigh,  Me.  Carpenter.  May,  1861. 
Salem  (Boston?).  —  Discharged  for  disability,  11  Aug.,  1861. 


318  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INTANTRY. 

HAM,  Martin  L.  19.  Shapleigh,  Me.  Carpenter.  May, 
1SG1.  Boston. —  Corporal,  14  Aug.,  1861.  Discharged 
for  disability,  22  May,  1862. 

HANSON,  Gardner  L.  31.  Barnston,  C.W.  Laborer.  May, 
1861.  Boston.  —  "Wounded  in  face  and  shoulder,  3  July, 
1863,  at  Gettysburg;  absent  in  hospital,  28  May,  1864, 
when  mustered  out. 

HATCH,  Robert.  22.  Kennebunk,  Me.  Ship-carpenter. 
May,  1861.  Kenpebunk,  Me.  —  Sergeant,  May,  1861 ; 
first  sergeant,  1  Aug.,  1861.  Wounded  through  shoulder, 
Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain  ;  discharged  in  consequence, 
29  Oct.,  1862. 

HEARN,  James.  19.  Staffordshire,  England.  Blacksmith. 
May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Deserted  June,  1861. 

HILL,  James  P.  21.  Kennebunk,  Me.  Farmer.  May, 
1861.  Kennebunk,  Me.  —  Enlisted  in  Fourth  United- 
States  Artillery,  25  Oct.,  1862. 

HILL,  Joseph.  21.  Groton,  Mass.  Law  student.  May, 
1861.  Charlestown.  —  Had  served  under  General  Have- 
lock  in  the  march  to  Lucknow.  First  sergeant,  May,  1861  ; 
discharged  1  Aug.,  1861,  to  receive  commission  of  second 
lieutenant  in  First  Maine  Cavalry ;  was  subsequently  cap 
tain  in  the  Fifth  Kentucky  Cavalry,  and  aide  to  General 
Rosecrans;  resigned  in  January,  1864. 

HOGAN,  Patrick.  20.  Tipperary,  Ireland.  Machinist.  May, 
1861.  Chicopee.  —  Taken  prisoner,  12  Dec.,  1862,  near 
Hillsboro',  Va. ;  dropped  from  the  rolls,  29  Feb.,  1864; 
said  to  have  been  discharged  in  March,  1863. 

HOLLAND,  John.  21.  Tyrone,  Ireland.  Tailor.  May,  1861. 
Lowell.  —  Detailed  as  company  musician,  June,  1861; 
taken  prisoner,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellors ville.  Mus 
tered  out  28  May,  1864. 

HOLMES,  Charles  W.  21.  Preston  Hill,  N.Y.  Black 
smith.  May,  1861.  Dalton.  —  Taken  prisoner,  9  June, 
1863,  at  Beverly  Ford;  returned  to  duty,  14  Nov.,  1863. 
Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  319 

HOLT,  Henry  H.    20 N.H.    Dairyman.    May,  1861. 

Chelmsford.  —  Transferred   to   Invalid    Corps,   1 5    April, 

1863. 
HORGAN,  Michael.     20.     Boston,  Mass.     Laborer.     30  July, 

1862.  —  See  Second  Term. 
HOYT,  Charles  N.     20.     Lowell,  Mass.     Dairyman.     May, 

1861.  Lowell.  —  Taken  prisoner,  September,  1862,  while 
in  hospital  in   Frederick,  Md.,  and  paroled  ;    returned  to 
duty,  3  April,  1863.     Discharged  for,  disability,  22  April, 
1863. 

HUFF,  Thatcher  J.  22.  Kennebunkport,  Me.  Farmer. 
May,  1861.  Kennebunk,  Me.  —  "Wounded  through  chest, 
9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain,  and  taken  prisoner; 
discharged  in  consequence  of  wounds,  5  Feb.,  1863. 

HURLEY,  Timothy.  22.  Waterford,  Ireland.  Glovemaker. 
May,  1861.  Rowley.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862, 
at  Winchester,  and  paroled;  returned  to  duty,  13  Dec., 

1862.  Wrounded  in  leg,  3  July,   1863,  at    Gettysburg; 
absent  until  mustered  out,  28  May,  1864. 

JOHNSON,  Augustus.  18.  Roxbury,  Mass.  Farmer.  May, 
1861.  Alford.  —  Wounded  in  shoulder,  3  May,  1863, 
at  Chancellorsville ;  returned  to  duty,  17  June,  1863.  Mus 
tered  out  28  May,  1864. 

JOHNSON,  Thomas.  21.  Liverpool,  England.  Cotton-spin 
ner.  May,  1861.  Athol.  —  Corporal,  15  Jan.,  1862  ;  color- 
corporal,  12  Oct.,  1863.  Wounded  in  hand,  24  May,  1862, 
at  Newtown,  Va. ;  not  disabled.  Re-enlisted. —  See  Second 
Term. 

KELLEY,  George  F.    19.    Pittsfield,  Mass.    Moulder.    May, 

1861.  Boston.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  June,  1861. 
KELSEY,  Jeremiah  A.      27.     Newport,  N.H.      Painter.      7 

Aug.,  1862.     Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  thigh,  3  May,  1863, 
at    Chancellorsville ;    returned   to    duty,    17    Aug.,    1863. 
Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 
KEMP,  William  H.     28.    Lowell,  Mass.     Painter.     29  July, 

1862.  Lowell.  — Discharged  for  disability,  16  Jan.,  1863. 


320      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

KENNY,  Martin.  35.  Galway,  Ireland.  Shoemaker.  28 
Aug.,  1862.  Marlboro'.  —  Wounded  in  face,  15  May, 
1864,  at  Resaca.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

KERNE  ALT,  Dennis.  19.  Cork,  Ireland.  Cordwainer. 
May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Deserted  14  May,  1863. 

KEYES,  Stephen  F.  20.  North  Chelmsford,  Mass.  Law 
student.  12  Aug.,  1862.  Boston.  —  Corporal,  1  Oct., 

1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864.     Practising  law  in 
Boston. 

KING,  James.     24.     Dublin,  Ireland.     Farmer.     May,  1861. 

Cambridge.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 
KINMONTH,   Hugh.      27.      Cork,  Ireland.      Currier.     May, 

1861.  Manchester.  —  Corporal,    May,    1861;     sergeant, 
13  April,  1862,  to  10  May,  1863  ;  and  again  17  July,  1863 
("for  good  behavior  in  action  at  Gettysburg").     Mustered 
out  28  May,  1864. 

LOVEJOY,  William  W.  20.  Andover,  Mass.  Machinist. 
May,  1861.  Andover.  —  Wounded  in  face,  3  July,  1863 
at  Gettysburg  ;  not  disabled.  Wounded  in  thigh,  15  May, 

1864,  at  Resaca.     Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 
LUNDY,     Francis.      30.      Manchester,    England.       Printer. 

May,  1861.     New- York  City.  —  Sergeant,  12  Aug.,  1861  ; 
first  sergeant,   1   Nov.,   1862  ;    color-bearer  at  Antietam. 
Promoted  to  be  second  lieutenant,  30  March,  1863.  —  See 
Commissioned  Officers. 
MANNING,   John.       27.      ...  Ireland.      Painter.     7  Aug., 

1862.  Lowell.  —  Wounded   in  thigh,    3    May,   1863,   at 
Chancellorsville ;  died  in  consequence,  25  Aug.,  1863. 

MARSHALL,  Frederick  II.     22.     Bangor,  Me.    Dyer.    May 

1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  May,  1861,  to  June,  1861 ;  and 
again  1  Aug.,  1861,  to  11  Dec.,  1861.     Deserted  28  Jan. 

1862,  while  on  furlough. 

McKEAN,  Peter.  36.  Edinboro',  Scotland.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Bellingham.  —  Wounded  in  groin,  9  Aug., 
1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain;  discharged  in  consequence,  17 
Nov.,  1862. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  321 

Me  VET,  Michael.       22.      Tyrone,   Ireland.       Cotton-buffer. 

May,  1861.     Lowell.  —  Deserted  22  Aug.,  1861. 
MERRITT,  Wesley  M.     21.     Sharon,  Vt.     Teamster.     May, 

1861.      Lowell.  —  Corporal,  May,  1861  ;  sergeant,  1  Aug., 

1861,  to   12  Aug.,  1861.     Discharged  for  disability  (from 

accident),  23  March,  1863. 
MINOR,  Abraham.      35.      Danville,  Vt.     Laborer.      May, 

1861.  Lowell.  —  Enlisted  as    wagoner.     Discharged    for 
disability,  5  June,  1862. 

MOSHER,  Edwin.  21.  Saratoga,  N.Y.  Clerk.  May,  1861. 
Dalton.  —  Wounded  in  leg,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester, 
and  taken  prisoner ;  paroled  a  few  days  afterwards  ;  dis 
charged  in  consequence  of  wounds,  13  Jan.,  1863. 

MOULTON,  James  E.  24.  Lynn,  Mass.  Cordwainer. 
May,  1861.  Lynn.  —  Wounded  in  leg,  9  Aug.,  1863,  at 
Cedar  Mountain  ;  returned  to  duty,  19  Aug.,  1862.  Mus 
tered  out  28  May,  1864. 

MURRAY,  Francis.  23.  Troy,  N.Y.  Sawyer.  May,  1861. 
Middlefield  (Boston?).  —  Deserted  from  hospital,  April, 
1863. 

MURRY,  James.  23.  Cork,  Ireland.  Morocco-dresser. 
May,  1861.  Charlestown.  —  Detached  to  gunboat  on  the 
Mississippi,  28  Feb.,  1862  ;  dropped  from  the  rolls. 

NEWMAN,  Charles  H.  19.  Windsor,  Vt.  Cotton-spinner. 
May,  1861.  Windsor,  Vt.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May, 

1862,  at  Winchester;    returned   to   duty,  25   Oct.,   1862. 
Wounded  in   ancle,    3    July,   1863,   at    Gettysburg;    not 
disabled.     Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

NUTE,  William  W.  25.  Dunbarton,  N.H.  Cordwainer. 
May,  1861.  Orange. —  Detached  to  Fourth  United-States 

.  Artillery,  10  April,  1862 ;  enlisted  in  Fourth  United- 
States  Artillery,  25  Oct.,  1862. 

OAKES,  James.  31.  Lancaster,  England.  Laborer.  May, 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  13  April,  1862.  Killed  in 
action,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain,  while  a  color 
corporal. 

21 


322      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

O'DoHERTY,  Francis.  19.  Londonderry,  Ireland.  Clerk. 
9  June,  1861.  Boston.  —  Corporal,  15  Jan.,  1862;  ser 
geant,  23  April,  1863.  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862, 
at  Winchester  ;  returned  to  duty,  25  Oct.,  1863.  Wounded 
in  neck,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg;  returned  to  duty, 
26  Aug.,  1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

ORR,  Samuel.  41.  Albany,  N.Y.  Painter.  10  June,  1861. 
New  Bedford.  —  Sent  to  hospital  in  Philadelphia,  4  March, 

1862,  and  discharged  for  disability  in  1862. 
PACKARD,  Joseph   S.     24.     Boston,   Mass.      Clerk.      May, 

1861..    Boston. —  Corporal,    14  Aug.,    1861;    color  cor 
poral,  4  July,  1862.     Wounded  in  'back  (lateral),  3  July, 

1863,  at  Gettysburg;    discharged  in  consequence,  1  Dec., 
1863. 

PETERSEN,  Andrew  S.  26.  Boyen,  Norway.  Cabinet 
maker.  May,  1861.  Lowell. —  Detached  on  signal  ser 
vice,  28  Aug.,  1861,  to  17  Aug.,  1862.  Re-enlisted.  —  See 
Second  Term. 

PLAISTED,  Edwin.  21.  Watertown,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
18  May,  1861.  Windham  (Me.?).  —  Enlisted  in  Fourth 
United-States  Artillery,  25  Oct.,  1862. 

POPE,  Joseph  N.  18.  Salem,  Mass.  Teamster.  May, 
1861.  Salem.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Win 
chester.  Discharged  for  disability,  3  Jan.,  1863. 

POWERS,  Patrick.  22.  Waterford,  Ireland.  Laborer.  May, 
1861.  Chicopee.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

PRESCOTT,  Morrill.  24.  Buxton,  Me.  Manufacturer.  May, 
1861.  Holy  oke.— Sergeant,  11  May,  1861.  Discharged 
for  disability,  3  Jan.,  1863. 

REARDON,  Daniel.  27.  Waterford,  Ireland.  Currier.  May, 
1861.  Salem.  — Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Win 
chester  ;  returned  to  duty,  25  Oct.,  1862.  Wounded  in  arm, 
3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg;  absent  in  hospital^  28  May, 
1864,  when  mustered  out.  (Subsequently  re-enlisted  in  the 
same  company.  —  See  Second  Term.} 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  323 

RODGERS,  Joseph.  21.  Cook's  Corner,  Vt.  Teamster. 
18  May,  1861.  Windham,  Vt.  —  Corporal,  6  July,  1861  ; 
sergeant,  1  Nov.,  1862 ;  first  sergeant,  23  April,  1863. 
Wounded  in  right  arm  and  in  left  foot,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at 
Cedar  Mountain;  returned  to  duty,  17  Oct.,  1862.  Mus 
tered  out  28  May,  1864. 

SARGENT,    Harrison.      37.      Wells,  Me.      Butcher.      May, 

1861.  Kennebunk,   Me.  —  Discharged   for   disability,   3 
June,  1862. 

SCOTT,  Thomas.  34.  Tyrone,  Ireland.  Soap-maker.  10 
July,  1862.  Lowell.— Sent  to  hospital,  12  Feb.,  1864. 
Mustered  out  20  July,  1865. 

SHUFELT,  Stephen.  20.  St.  Ambrose,  C.W.  Machinist. 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  4  Oct.,  1862,  to  29  Feb., 
1864.  Detached  to  Division  Ambulance  Corps,  16  Oct., 

1862.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

SKINNER,  Austin  L.  26.  Nashua,  N.H.  7  Aug.,  1862. 
Lowell.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  26  Oct.,  1862. 

SMITH,  Reuben.  18.  Lancashire,  England.  Cordwainer. 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  hip,  3  July,  1863,  at 
Gettysburg  ;  returned  to  duty,  28  Aug.,  1863.  Re-enlist 
ed.  —  See  Second  Term. 

SMITH,  William  H.  23.  Nashua,  N.H.  Painter.  14  Aug., 
1862.  Dracut.  —  Wounded  in  leg,  3  July,  1863,  at  Get 
tysburg  ;  returned  to  duty,  3  Nov.,  1863.  Mustered  out 
28  May,  1864. 

SMITHICK,  Maurice.  •  20.  Methuen,  Mass.  Laborer.  May, 
1861.  Somerville.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  22  April, 
1863. 

STANTON,  William.  23.  Ireland.  Shoemaker.  May,  1861. 
Lowell.  —  Discharged  for  disability  in  1862. 

STEPHENS,  Alexander.  18.  Mayo,  Ireland.  Laborer.  -11 
Oct.,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Wounded,  25  May,  1862,  at  Win 
chester;  died  in  consequence,  June,  1862,  at  Winchester. 

STEPHENS,  John.  22.  Mayo,  Ireland.  Moulder.  15  Oct., 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  shoulder,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at 


324      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Cedar  Mountain;    died  in  consequence,  September,  1862, 
at  Annapolis,  Md. 

STEVENS,  Jesse.  21.  Kennebunk,  Me.  Ship-carpenter. 
May,  1861.  Kennebunk,  Me.  —  Killed  in  action,  3  May, 
1863,  at  Chancellorsville. 

STIMPSON,  Jesse  F.  21.  Fredericktown,  N.B.  Black 
smith.  May,  1861.  Milford.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May, 
1862,  at  Winchester ;  returned  to  duty,  25  Oct.,  1862. 
Wounded  in  ankle,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville;  ab 
sent  in  hospital,  28  May,  1864,  when  mustered  out. 

TAYLOR,  George.  20.  Kennebunk,  Me.  Sawyer.  May, 
1861.  Kennebunk,  Me.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second 
Term. 

THING,  Henry.     22 May,  1861.    Boston  (?).— 

Discharged  for  disability,  June,  1861. 

THOMPSON,  William.  24.  Lancashire,  England,  Weaver. 
May,  1861.  Salem.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

TUCKER,  William.  24.  Roxbury,  Mass.  Machinist.  May, 
1861.  Boston.  —  Corporal,  May,  1861.  Discharged  for 
disability,  11  Aug.,  1861. 

WALL,  Michael.  25.  Tipperary,  Ireland.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Boston  (?).  —  Deserted  5  July,  1861. 

WALLACE,  John  A.  19.  Derry,  N.H.  Apothecary.  May, 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Died  of  scrofula,  9  April,  1862,  at  Fred 
erick,  Md. 

WATSON,  Samuel  C.  23.  Easton,  Mass.  Iron-moulder. 
May,  1861.  Boston  (?).  —  Discharged  for  disability,  June, 
1861.  (State  record  says,  "deserted.") 

WELDON,  Henry.  19.  Lowell,  Mass.  Machinist.  May, 
.1861.  Lowell.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

WHITTIER,  Ruel.  26.  Mercer,  Me.  Carpenter.  May, 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,  14  Aug.,  1861.  Killed  in  ac 
tion,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg. 

WILSON,  Joseph  H.  20.  Salem,  Mass.  Sailor.  May, 
1861.  Salem. — Discharged  for  disability  (chronic  diar 
rhea),  28  March,  1863 ;  six  weeks  after,  enlisted  in  the 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  325 

naval  service  ;  was  in  the  Ossipee  from  8  Sept.,  1864;  con 
tracted  disease  at  Galveston,  Texas,  and  was  in  the  Naval 
Asylum,  Philadelphia,  in  December,  1865. 


COMPANY   C. 

ABORN,  Sylvester  P.  18.  South  Reading,  Mass.  Shoe 
maker.  12  Aug.,  1862.  South  Reading.  —  Wounded  in 
hand,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg ;  returned  to  duty,  29 
Oct.,  1863.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

ALLEY,  George  W.  32.  Lynn,  Mass.  Machine-sower. 
29  July,  1862.  Lynn.  —  Wounded  in  foot,  3  July,  1863, 
at  Gettysburg;  absent  in  hospital,  28  May,  1864;  dis 
charged,  time  and  place  unknown. 

ANDREWS,  Charles  O.  22.  Lincoln  Co,,  Me.  11  May, 
1861.  Ipswich.  —  Sergeant,  24  May,  1862.  Wounded  in 
hip,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain ;  not  disabled.  De 
tached  to  Division  ...  10  Oct.,  1862.  Discharged  for 
disability,  9  Jan.,  1863. 

APPLETON,  John  L.  38.  ...  Mass.  Salesman.  11  May, 
1861.  Salem.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  9  Aug.,  186L 

BAILEY,  Edwin  A.     26.     Salem,  Mass.     Dyer.     11   May, 

1861.  Salem.  —  Taken  prisoner,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar 
Mountain;  returned  to  duty,  14  Sept.,  1862.     Re-enlisted. 
—  See  Second  Term. 

BARKER,  Benjamin.     44.     Salem,  Mass.      Baker.     5  Aug., 

1862.  Salem.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  .  .  Jan.,  1863. 
BENNETT,    Thomas    Y.      23.      Nan  tucket,   Mass.      Sailor. 

20  May,  1861.      Nantucket.  —  Killed  in   action,  17  Sept., 
1862,  at  Antietam. 

BERRY,  Eben.  P.  36.  Andover,  Me.  Shoemaker.  29 
July,  1862.Lynn.— Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 


326      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

BROWN,  Frederick  H.     18.     Lowell,  Mass.     Farmer.     18 

June,  1861.     Lowell.  —  Missing,   and  doubtless   killed  in 

action,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain. 
BROWN,   George  H.  A.      28.      Exeter,  N.H.     Shoemaker. 

28    July,    1862.     Lynn.  —  Died  of   pneumonia,    3    Feb., 

1863,  at  Washington,  B.C. 
BROWN,  John  F.    25.    Salem,  Mass.    Shoemaker.     28  July, 

1862.  Lynn.  — Wounded  in  left  arm  (amputated),  3  July, 

1863,  at  Gettysburg ;  discharged  in  consequence,  7  Oct., 
1863.     [Was   chosen  a  Representative  from  Lynn  to  the 
Legislature  of  1864.] 

BROWNING,  George  F.  26.  Salem,  Mass.  Sailor.  11 
May,  1861.  Salem.— First  sergeant,  24  May,  1861. 
Appointed  quartermaster-sergeant,  9  Oct.,  1861.  —  See 
Non-commissioned  Staff".  Also  Commissioned  Officers. 

BUMPUS,  Ephraim.  26.  Mercer,  Me.  Weaver.  7  Oct., 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Died  of  typhoid  fever,  30  Dec.,  1861? 
at  Alexandria,  Va. 

BURBANK,  Nathan.     18.     Salem,  Mass.     Waiter.     11  May, 

1861.  Salem. —  Company-musician,  April,  1862,  to  1  Dec., 

1862.  Deserted  June,  1863. 

BURNHAM,  Amos  P.  19.  Danvers,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Wenham.  —  Corporal,  4  Sept.,  1863. 
Taken  prisoner,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain;  re 
turned  to  duty,  22  Oct.,  1862.  Wounded  in  ankle,  3 
May,  1863,  at  Chancellors ville ;  returned  to  duty,  14 
Sept.,  1863.  Re-enlisted  7  Feb.,  1864.— See  Second 
Term. 
BYRON,  Francis.  19.  Oxford,  Me.  Farmer.  20  Aug.,  1862. 

Gloucester.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  15  Feb.,  1864. 
CAHILL,   Robert  C.      19.     Ballihale,  Ireland.     Shoemaker. 
11  May,  1861.    Marblf head.— Transferred,  28  Dec.,  1861, 
to  Company  H.,  which  see. 

CAREY,  James.  29.  N.S.  Farmer.  7  Oct.,  1861.  Low 
ell. —  Died  of  typhoid  fever,  14  Feb.,  1862,  at  Frederick, 
Md. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  327 

CARL  EN,  Samuel.  35.  Salem,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Salem.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

CASEY,  David.  23.-  Topsfield,  Mass.  Butcher.  11  May, 
1861.  Topsfield.  —  Sergeant,  24  May,  1861.  Taken 
prisoner,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain;  returned  to 
duty,  14  Sept.,  1862.  Re-'enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

CHASE,  James  A.  27.  Newburyport,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Hamilton. —  Wounded  in  shoulder,  and 
paralyzed  by  bullet  on  breast-plate,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettys 
burg;  died  in  consequence,  16  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg. 

CLEAVES,  Henry  F.  20.  Beverly,  Mass.  Currier.  11 
May,  1861.  Beverly.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862, 
while  in  hospital  at  Winchester ;  discharged  (a  paroled 
prisoner)  16  July,  1862. 

CLOONEY,  John  J.  15.  Charlottetown,  P.E.  Island.  Ap 
prentice.  May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Company-musician,  24 
May,  1861.  Taken  prisoner  by  guerillas,  18  July,  1862, 
near  Front  Eoyal,  Va. ;  returned  to  duty,  22  Oct.,  1862. 
Re-enlisted.  - —  See  Second  Term. 

COCHRANE,  John.  18.  Liverpool,  England.  Seaman.  11 
May,  1861.  Salem.  —  Killed  in  action,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at 
Cedar  Mountain. 

CONLEY,    George.     19.     Eastport,  Me.     Box-maker.     May, 

1861.  Lowell.  —  Corporal,   9   Oct.,   1861.     Sergeant,  11 
March,  1863.     Wounded  in  foot,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar 
Mountain;  returned  to  duty,  7  Jan.,  1863.     Detached  on 
service  at  Boston  Harbor,  26  July,  1863  ;  absent,  28  May, 
1864,  when  mustered  out. 

CURTIN,  Joseph.      41.      Ireland.      Tailor.     20  Aug.,   1862. 

Somerville.  —  Detached  to  Division  Ambulance  Corps,  19 

Oct.,  1862.     Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 
DAILY,  James.     19.     Galway,   Ireland.     Printer.     5  Aug., 

1862.  Boston.  —  Wounded  in  thTgh  and  in  leg,  3  July, 

1863.  at  Gettysburg.     Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 
DAILY,  Timothy.     36.    Mallow,  Ireland.     Currier.     11  May, 

1861.      Salem.  —  Wounded   in  thigh,  9    Aug.,    1862,    at 


328      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Cedar  Mountain ;  discharged  in  consequence,  14  Nov., 
1862. 

DENNIS,  William  H.  26.  Marblehead,  Mass.  Baker.  11 
May,  1861.  Marblehead.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May, 
1862,  at  Winchester;  returned  to  parole  camp,  Annapolis, 
Md.,  14  Sept.,  1862 ;  discharged  for  disability  in  1863. 

DEVENEY,  John.  21.  Gal  way,  Ireland.  Farmer.  11 
May,  1861.  Lynn.  —  Wounded  in  arm,  17  Sept.,  1862, 
at  Antietam ;  discharged  for  disability,  by  order  of  Gen 
eral  Martindale,  14  Nov.,  1862. 

DONOVAN,  William.  17.  Liverpool,  England.  Shoemaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Marblehead.  —  Wounded  in  chest,  9  Aug., 
1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain;  died  in  consequence,  26  Aug., 
1862,  at  Alexandria,  Va. 

DUFFY,  James.  28.  Boston,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  11  May, 
1861.  Marblehead.  —  Corporal,  12  Oct.,  1861,  to  22  Nov., 

1861.  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester;    re 
turned  to  duty,  23  Oct.,  1862.     Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second 
Term. 

DYER,  James.     24.     Bridgeton,  N.S.     Cordwainer.     4  Aug., 

1862.  Lynn. —  Discharged  for  disability,  17  Jan.,  1863. 
Died  at  Eastern   Railway  Station  in  Boston,  on  his  way 
home. 

EDWARDS,  Charles  W.  26.  Beverly,  Mass.  Painter.  1 L 
May,  1861.  Salem.  —  Corporal,  9  Oct.,  1861;  sergeant, 
17  April,  1863.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

EMERSON,  Asa  W.  21.  Rowley,  Mass.  Blacksmith.  11 
May,  1861.  Rowley.  —  Detailed  to  Commissary  Depart 
ment,  7  Sept.,  1861.  Appointed  quartermaster-sergeant, 
1  April,  1863.  —  See  Non-commissioned  Staff. 

EMERSON,  Charles  H.  19.  Epsom,  N.H.  Shoemaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Salem.  —  Killed  in  action  (by  shot  from  a 
house),  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester. 

EVANS,  William.  18.  Kearney,  Ireland.  Shoemaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Marblehead.  —  Wounded  in  groin,  3  July, 

1863.  at  Gettysburg;  transferred  to  Invalid  Corps. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  329 

FERRIE,  William.      26.      England.      Machinist.      20   Aug., 

1862.  Boston. — Wounded  in  leg,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chan- 
cellorsville ;  discharged  in  consequence,  24  Sept.,  1863. 

FITZGERALD,  Conrad.  20.  Salem,  Mass.  Seaman.  11 
May,  1861.  Salem.  —  Corporal,  24  May,  1861.  Desert 
ed  13  June,  1862. 

FLOOD,  Patrick.  24.  Askell,  Ireland.  Farmer.  May, 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  28  Sept., 
1861. 

FOSTER,  John.  36.  Tyrone,  Ireland.  Shoemaker.  12 
Aug.,  1862.  Boston.  —  Died  of  typhoid  fever,  25  Jan., 

1863,  at  Alexandria,  Va. 

FRAMES,  Murdoch.  19.  Upper  Stewaick,  N.S.  Wheel 
wright.  11  May,  1861.  Boxford  (Topsfield?).  — Killed 
in  action,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain. 

FULLER,  David.  28.  Danvers,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  11  May, 
1861.  Danvers.  —  Enlisted  wagoner,  24  May,  1861.  Or 
derly  at  regimental  headquarters,  1  July,  1861.  Discharged 
for  disability,  12  July,  1862. 

GARDNER,  Robert.      40.     ...    Mass.      Seaman.     11  May, 

1861.  Beverly  (Salem?).  —  Discharged  for  disability,  9 
Dec.,  1861. 

GILDAY,  Edward.  23.  Charlestown,  Mass.  Currier.  11 
May,  1861.  Marblehead.  —  Wounded  in  leg,  17  Sept., 

1862,  at    Antietam ;     not   disabled.       Re-enlisted.  —  See 
Second  Term. 

GOETZ,  Fritz.  21.  Germany.  Laborer.  20  Aug.,  1862. 
Brookline.  —  Wounded  in  thigh,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettys 
burg;  died  in  consequence,  6  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg. 

GOODALE,  Lewis  E.  '  19.  Danvers,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Danvers.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  9 
March,  1863. 

GOODWIN,  Horatio  E.  23.  Shapleigh,  Me.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Danvers  (?).  — Corporal,  24  May,  1861,  to 
26  July,  1862.  Term  of  service  prolonged.  Killed  in 
action,  30  July,  1864,  near  Atlanta. 


330      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

GOULD,  Benjamin  F.  Andover,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  11 
May,  18G1.  Middleton.  —  Detailed  as  regimental  wagoner, 
19  April,  1864.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

GOULD,  James.  28.  New  Boston,  N.H.  Shoemaker.  11 
May,  18  61.  Beverly.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  1  March, 
1863. 

GREY,  Thomas  H.  21.  Troy,  N.Y.  Seaman.  11  May, 
1861.  Wenham.  —  Corporal,  24  May,  1861.  Killed  in 
action,  '9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain. 

GROVES,  George.  28.  Cork,  Ireland.  Grocer.  11  May, 
1861.  Marblehead.  —  Deserted  2  July,  1861. 

HATCH,  Daniel  A.  23.  Portsmouth,  N.H.  Shoemaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Hopedale.  —  Corporal,  24  May,  1861,  to 
9  Oct.,  1861,  when  returned  to  the  ranks  at  his  own 
request.  Wounded  in  chest,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg  '•> 
died  in  consequence  in  1864,  at  York,  Pa. 

HA  VERT  Y,  John  F.  19.  Athenroy,  Ireland.  Shoemaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Milford  (Marblehead?).  —  Wounded  in 
left  arm  (amputated),  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain; 
discharged  in  consequence,  26  Dec.,  1862. 

HENXESY,  David.  24.  Mallow,  Ireland.  Currier.  11 
May,  1861.  Salem.  —  Corporal,  22  Nov.,  1861,  to  29 
Nov.,  1862.  —  Wounded  in  the  hand,  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville ;  returned  to  duty,  10'  Aug.,  1863.  Re- 
enlisted. —  See  Second  Term. 

HINES,  John.  18.  Sligo,  Ireland.  Shoemaker.  11  May, 
1861.  Marblehead.  —  Killed  in  action,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at 
Cedar  Mountain. 

HOGAN,  John  L.  24.  Cork,  Ireland.  Currier.  11  May, 
1861.  Marblehead.  —  Discharged  for  disability  (caused  by 
accident). 

HOYT,  Albert  J.  18.  Northwood,  N.H.  Shoemaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Epsom,  N.H.  —  Wounded  in  thigh,  3  May, 
1863,  at  Chancellorsville  ;  died  in  consequence,  29  May, 
1863,  at  Washington,  D.C. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  331 

HUNTRESS,  William  H.  21.  Worcester,  Mass.  Shoe 
maker.  11  May,  1861.  Portsmouth  (Plaistow?),  N.H. 
—  Detached  to  gunboat  on  the  Mississippi,  18  Feb.,  1862. 
Discharged  for  disability  in  Jan.,  1863. 

HUTCHINSON,  Nathan  H.  21.  Rowley,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Rowley. — Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862, 
at  Winchester ;  returned  to  Annapolis,  Md.,  and  died  there, 
of  typhoid  fever,  25  Sept.,  1862. 

HYDE,  Dearborn  F.  23.  Ossipee,  N.H.  Shoemaker.  11 
May,  1861.  South  Danvers.  —  Detailed  wagoner,  1  July 
1861,  to  20  July,  1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

JEWELL,  Franklin.  18.  Hopkinton,  N.H.  Seaman.  11 
May,  1861.  Salem. —  Killed  in  action,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at 
Cedar  Mountain. 

Jo  YE,  Robert  H.  24.  Salem,  Mass.  Painter.  11  May, 
1861.  Salem.  —  Corporal,  24  May,  1861;  sergeant,  12 
Oct.,  1861.  Wounded  in  hand,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  Antie- 
tam;  discharged  in  consequence,  21  Nov.,  1862. 

JUHNKE,  Charles.  38.  Fladerbarn  (?),  Germany.  Cabinet 
maker.  11  May,  1861.  Manchester.  Re-enlisted.  —  See 
Second  Term. 

KIMBALL,  Palmer.  21.  Kennebunk,  Me.  Shoemaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Salem.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  26  April, 
1863. 

KNEELAND,  Josiah  M.  36.  Ipswich,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Ipswich.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second 
Term. 

KNIGHT,  Jeremiah.  43.  Salem,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Salem.— Wounded  in  leg,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at 
Antietam ;  not  disabled.  Discharged  for  disability,  22 
Feb.,  1863.  Enlisted  subsequently  in  Second  Massachu 
setts  Artillery. 

LANGMAID,  George  W.  26.  Chichester,  N.H.  Shoemaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Salem.  —  Corporal,  24  May,  1861;  ser 
geant,  14  Jan.,  1863.  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at 
Winchester ;  returned  to  duty,  22  Oct.,  1862.  Wounded 


332      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

in  hand,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville  ;  absent  in  hos 
pital,  28  May,  1864,  when  mustered  out. 

LARIIABEE,  William  H.  28.  Salem,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Salem.  —  Sergeant,  24  May,  1861,  to  26 
July,  1862,  when  returned  to  the  ranks,  at  his  own  request, 
on  account  of  ill-health.  Missing  (doubtless  killed  in  ac 
tion),  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain. 

LARRY,  Daniel.  20.  Goffstown,  N.H.  Shoemaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Wenham.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

LEACH,  Augustus  A.  21.  Stoughton,  Mass.  Clerk.  30 
July,  1862.  Stoughton.  —  Wounded  in  leg,  3  May,  1863, 
at  Chancellorsville  ;  discharged  in  consequence,  22  Sept., 
1863. 

LIBBY,  Addison  C.  29.  G  .  .  .,  Me.  Farmer.  May,  1861. 
Boston.  —  Discharged  for  disability  (from  accident),  2  Jan., 
1864.  M 

MAGARVEY,  James.  24.  Collihilan,  Ireland.  Shoemaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Marblehead.  —  Wounded  in  knee,  17 
Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam;  discharged  in  consequence,  18 
March,  1863. 

MAGEE,  William.  18.  Hartford,  Ct.  Shoemaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Marblehead.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second 
Term. 

MAGUIRE,  James.  22.  Boston,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Wenham. —  Corporal,  26  July,  1862.  Wound 
ed  in  thigh,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg;  returned  to  duty, 
5  Nov.,  1863.  Re-enlisted. —  See  Second  Term. 

MANNING,  Thomas  (1st).  37.  Boston,  Mass.  Seaman.  11 
May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Detached  to  gunboat  on  the  Missis 
sippi,  14  Feb.,  1862;  discharged  for  disability,  26  Jan., 
1863. 

MANNING,  Thomas  (2d).  22.  Tewksbury,  Mass.  Farmer. 
11  Oct.,  1861.  Tewksbury.  —  Taken  prisoner,  9  Aug., 
1862, at  Cedar  Mountain;  returned  to  duty,  22  Oct.,  1862. 
Killed  in  action,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  333 

MARSHALL,  William.  32.  East  Weare,  N.H.  Machinist. 
5  Aug.,  1862.  Boston.  —  Killed  in  action,  3  July,  1863, 
at  Gettysburg. 

MARTIN,  Thomas  J.  35.  Boston,  Mass.  Painter.  21 
Aug.,  1862.  Boston.  —  Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  1 
Sept.,  1863. 

MARTIN,  William.  42.  Chesterville,  Me.  Bootmaker.  6 
Aug.,  1862.  Medway.  — Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

MAYNARD,  William  W.  22.  Tewksbury,  Mass.  Cabinet 
maker.  May,  1861.  Tewksbury  (Lowell?).  Detailed 
wagoner,  July,  1861.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

MCCARTHY,  Charles.  18.  Cork,  Ireland.  Shoemaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Marblehead.  —  Wounded  in  hand,  3  May, 
1863,  at  Chancellorsville ;  returned  to  duty,  3  Nov.,  1863. 
Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

MCCARTHY,  Daniel.  19.  Cork,  Ireland.  Shoemaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Marblehead.  —  Wounded  in  arm  and  in  each 
leg,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain.  Mustered  out,  in 
hospital,  16  June,  1864. 

MCCARTHY,  John.  20.  Springfield,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Beverly.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second 
Term. 

Me  LAY,  James.  18.  Sydney,  N.S.  Painter.  6  Aug., 
1862.  East  Boston.  —  Died  of  typhoid  fever,  5  Oct.,  1862, 
at  Frederick,  Md. 

MEHAN,  Dennis.  18.  Salem,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Salem. —  Appointed  marker,  1861  ;  corporal, 
26  July,  1862;  sergeant,  29  July,  1862;  first  sergeant, 
1  Sept.,  1862.  Promoted  to  be  second  lieutenant,  9  Nov., 
1862.  —  See  Commissioned  Officers. 

MOORE,  William  A.  19.  East  Woburn,  Mass.  Seaman. 
.  .  May,  L861.  Boston.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862, 
at  Winchester ;  returned  to  duty,  20  Oct.,  1862.  Wounded 
(lost  left  eye),  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville ;  returned 
to  duty,  18  Aug.,  1863.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 


334      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  IKFANTKY. 

MORGAN,  William   F.      33.      Gloucester,  Mass.     Mariner. 

28  July,    1862.       Lynn.  —  Corporal,   1   Jan.,   1863;    ser 
geant,  23  Dec.,  1863.     Wounded  in  ankle,  3  July,  1863,  at 
Gettysburg;  returned  to  duty,  21  Dec.,  1863.    Re-enlisted. 
—  See  Second  Term. 

MUDGE,   William    R.     23.      Lynn,  Mass.      Photographer. 

29  July,    1862.      Lynn.  —  Wounded  by  shot   (laterally) 
through  the  head,  losing  both  eyes,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chan- 
cellorsville  ;  discharged  in  consequence,  11  Oct.,  1863. 

MURPHY,  James.  23.  Ireland.  Shoemaker.  11  May,  1861. 
Marblehead.  —  Corporal,  3  May,  1863  ("for  gallantry  in 
action  at  Chancellors ville"),  and  color-corporal.  Was  color- 
bearer  at  the  close  of  the  action  at  Gettysburg.  Mustered 
out  28  May,  1864. 

MURRY,  James  M.  23.  Ireland.  Tailor.  28  July,  1862. 
Lynn.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

OAKES,  George  A.  20.  Gloucester,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Wenham.  — Wounded  in  each  leg,  9  Aug., 
1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain ;  discharged  in  consequence,  5 
Dec,,  1862. 

OLIVER,  John  H.  24.  Belfast,  Me.  Shoemaker.  11  May, 
1861.  Beverly. —  Corporal,!  Nov.,  1862,  and  color-cor 
poral,  to  18  Aug.,  1863,  when  returned  to  the  ranks  at  his 
own  request.  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winches 
ter  ;  returned  to  duty,  22  Oct.,  1862.  Re-enlisted. —  See 
Second  Term. 

PEABODY,  David  B.  19.  Boxford,  Mass.  Farmer.  11 
May,  1861.  Middleton.  —  Wounded  in  leg,  9  Aug.,  1862, 
at  Cedar  Mountain;  returned  to  duty,  18  Aug.,  1863.  Re- 
enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

PHALEX,  Edward  A.    20.    Salem,  Mass.    Salesman.    11  May, 

1861.  Salem.  —  Sergeant,  24  May,  1861 ;  first  sergeant, 
9  Oct.,  1861.     Promoted  to  be  second  lieutenant,  13  July, 

1862.  —  See    Commissioned    Officers.      Wounded  in   arm 
and  in  leg,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain  (before  ar 
rival  of  commission). 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  335 

PIERCE,  John  B.  21.  Wellfleet,  Mass.  Teamster.  29 
July,  1862.  Swampscot. —  Re -enlisted.  —  See  Second 
Term. 

PINKHAM,  Daniel  G.  42.  Milton,  Mass.  Mason.  9  Aug., 
1802.  Boston.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  18  July,  1863. 

PRESTON,  John  C.  19.  Salem,  Mass.  Sailor.  11  May, 
1861.  Salem.  —  Company-musician,  24  May,  1861,  to 
.  .  Sept.,  1861,  when  injured  by  accidental  shot.  Detached 
to  Division  Ambulance  Corps,  19  Oct.,  1862.  Discharged 
for  disability,  10  Nov.,  1863. 

QUINN,  Joseph.       19.      Salem,  Mass.      Currier.      11  May, 

1861.  Salem.  —  Discharged  as  a  minor,  1  July,  1861. 
RECKARDS,  Philo.    21.    Turner,  Me.    Bootmaker.    30  July, 

1862.  North   Easton.  —  Died  of  typhoid  fever,  28  Sept., 
1862,  at  Laytonsville  (near  Rockville),  Md. 

RECKARDS,  Seth.  24.  Palmyra,  Me.  Bootmaker.  30 
July,  1862.  North  Easton.  —  Deserted  28  Aug.,  1862. 

REGAN,  John.  40.  Ireland.  Laborer.  18  Aug.,  1862. 
Boston. — Wounded  in  wrist,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettys 
burg;  returned  to  duty,  3  Nov.,  1863.  Re-enlisted.  —  See 
Second  Term. 

RICE,  William  H.  C.  19.  Islington  (London),  England. 
Shoemaker.  11  May,  1861.  Salem. — Wounded  in  leg, 
25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester;  discharged  in  consequence, 
9  Dec.,  1862. 

ROWE,  John  M.  20.  Gloucester,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  1 1 
May,  1861.  Wenham.  —  Corporal,  24  Sept.,  1862.  Re- 
enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

SANBORN,  Levi  C.  19.  .  .  .  N.H.  Painter.  11  May,  1861. 
Lowell.  —  Corporal,  14  Jan.,  1863.  Taken  prisoner,  25 
May,  1862,  at  Winchester;  returned  to  duty,  14  Oct., 
1862.  Wounded  in  right  arm,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettys 
burg;  discharged  in  consequence,  6  Jan.,  1864. 

SCIIERB,  E.  Vitalis.  44.  Basle,  Switzerland.  Lecturer. 
8  Aug.,  1862.  Boston.  —  Sent  to  hospital,  22  Aug.,  1862, 
and  never  returned.  Dropped  from  the  rolls.  Died  of 
heart-disease,  at  Philadelphia,  11  July,  1865. 


336      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

SEBBENS,  Kufus  W.     20 Me.     Carpenter.     May, 

1861.       Lowell.  —  Enlisted  in   United-States   Cavalry  in 

1862. 
SHEA,   David.     20.     Salem,  Mass.      Shoemaker.      11  May, 

1861.     Wenham.  —  Died  of  typhoid  fever,  28  Dec.,  1861, 

at  Alexandria,  Va. 
SHEA,  John  J.     18.     Boston,  Mass.     Shoemaker.     11  May, 

1861.  Marblehead  (Boston?).  —  Wounded  in  side,  17  Sept., 

1862,  at   Antietam;    returned  to   duty,   11   March,  1863. 
Wounded  in  thigh,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg;  returned 
to  duty,  8  Oct.,  1863.     Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

SOPER,  William  M.  30.  Livermore,  Me.  Currier.  11 
May,  1861.  Beverly. —  Company  cook,  1  July,  1861. 
Mustered  out  28  May,  1864.  , 

STACY,  John  W.  18.  Annismullen,  Ireland.  Shoemaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Marblehead. — Mustered  out  28  May, 
1864. 

STANLEY,  Joseph  M.  20.  Beverly,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Beverly.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  14  Dec., 
1862. 

STAPLES,  George,  37.  Sebago,  Me.  Ship-carpenter.  11 
May,  1861.  Salem.  —  Killed  in  action,  25  May,  1862,  at 
Winchester. 

.STEWART,  John.  27.  Middleton,  Mass.  Carpenter.  11 
May,  1861.  Middleton.  —  Re -enlisted.  —  See  Second 
Term. 

STEWART,  Levi  D.  30.  Fox  Island,  Me.  Machinist.  22 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Detached  as  pioneer,  First  Divi 
sion,  6  April,  1862.  Taken  prisoner,  23  May,  1862, 
at  Front  Royal,  Va. ;  returned  to  duty,  12  Oct.,  1862. 
Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

STONE,  Henry  Van  D.  19.  Brooklyn,  N.Y.  Student.  7 
Aug.,  1862.  Brookline.  —  Corporal,  19  Nov.,  1862.  Sec 
ond  lieutenant,  20  March,  1863.  —  See  Commissioned 
Officers. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  337 

STONE,  James  K.  21.  Boston,  Mass.  Student.  7  Aug., 
1862.  Brookline.  —  Corporal,  24  Sept.,  1862.  Promoted 
to  be  second  lieutenant,  to  date  from  10  Aug.,  1862.  —  See 
Commissioned  Officers. 

STONEHALL,  John.  20.  Lowell,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Danvers.  —  Missing  (and  doubtless  killed) 
in  action.  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain. 

STRAFFORD,  James  M.  32.  North  Attleboro',  Mass.  En 
gine-driver.  11  May,  1861.  Salem.  —  Corporal,  12  June, 
1861 ;  sergeant,  24  Sept.,  1862;  1st  sergeant,  1  Jan.,  1863. 
Taken  prisoner,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain;  re 
turned  to  duty,  22  Oct.,  1862.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second 
Term. 

SULLIVAN,  Daniel.  J7.  Boston,  Mass.  Farmer.  11  May, 
1861.  Beverly  (Lowell  ?).— Corporal,  1  Jan.,  1863. 
Wounded  in  abdomen,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville  ; 
died  in  consequence,  14  May,  1863,  at  Aquia  Landing,  Va. 

SWEENY,  Morgan.  18.  Ireland.  Currier.  11  May,  1861. 
Salem.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  15  Sept.,  1861.  En 
listed  subsequently  in  the  Ninth  Massachusetts. 

TUCKER,  George  H.  28.  Saco,  Me.  Shoemaker.  May, 
1861.  South  Danvers.  —  Detached  to  corps-post  office, 
24  July,  1861,  to  February,  1862.  Taken  prisoner,  25 
May,  1862,  at  Winchester;  returned  to  duty,  22  Oct.,  1862. 
Taken  prisoner,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville;  re 
turned  to  Annapolis,  Md.,  and  died  there,  of  typhoid  fever, 
23  Nov.,  1863. 

TYLER,  Alonzo  C.  25.  Augusta,  Me.  Engine-driver.  May, 
1861.  Tewksbury  (Lowell  ?).  —  Detailed  wagoner,  1  July, 

1861.  Discharged  for  disability,  22  Feb.,  1863. 
VOLLER,   Benjamin   H.     45.     Salem,   Mass.     Brewer.      11 

May,  1861.     Salem.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  14  Oct., 

1862.  [Died  in  Salem,    of  consumption,   shortly   after 
wards.] 

WALLACE,  Thomas.      40.      Cork,  Ireland.     Teamster.     22 
Aug.,  1 862.     Boston.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 
•  22 


338      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTKY. 

WALTER,  Horace  A.  28.  Newfield,  Me.  Shoemaker.  7 
Oct.,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  .  . .  Jan., 
1862. 

WARREN,  Loammi  B.  18 N.H.  Shoemaker.  11 

May,  1861.  Ipswich  (Ossipee,  N.H.?). —  Corporal,  24 
May,  1861.  Deserted  9  June,  1861. 

WELCH,  David  C.  26.  Baltimore,  Md.  Cigar-maker.  29 
July,  1862.  Lynn.  —  Wounded  in  leg,  3  July,  1863,  at 
Gettysburg;  transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  15  Feb.,  1864. 

WHITE,  William.  22.  Boston,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  11  May, 
1861.  Lawrence  (Middleton?).  —  Wounded  in  thigh,  9 
Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain;  returned  to  duty,  5  Nov., 
1863.  Mastered  out  28  May,  1864. 

WILDES,  William  H.  18.  North  Andlover,  Mass.  Farmer. 
11  May,  1861.  Middleton.  —  Corporal,  4  Sept.,  1863. 
Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

WILLIAMS,  Henry.  42.  Downington,  Penn.  Shoemaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Boxford.  —  Corporal,  24  May,  1861,  to 
9  Oct.,  1861,  when  returned  to  the  ranks  at  his  own  re 
quest.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

WILLISTON,  William  W.  20.  Salem,  Mass.  Printer.  11 
May,  1861.  Salem. — Missing  (and  doubtless  killed)  in 
action,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain. 

WILSON,  Benjamin  H.  28 Md.  Machinist.  May, 

1861.  Groton.  —  Deserted  17  Aug.,  1861. 

WOODMAN,  Samuel  W.  20.  South  Danvers,  Mass.  Shoe 
maker.  11  May,  1861.  South  Danvers. — Wounded 
twice  in  arm,  in  leg,  and  in  side,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettys 
burg;  absent  in  hospital,  28  May,  1864.  Mustered  out, 
date  and  place  unknown. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  339 


COMPANY    D. 

ALDEN,  George  H.  22.  Templeton,  Mass.  Brakeman. 
May,  1861.  Fitchburg.  —  Appointed  marker,  May,  1861. 
Wounded  in  leg,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain.  En 
listed  in  Fifth  United-States  Artillery,  2  April,  1863. 

ALLEN,  Charles.     22.     Diana,  N.Y.     Machinist.     15  May, 

1861.  Boston.  — Corporal,  13  July,  1862.     Sergeant,  26 
Nov.,  1862.    Wounded  in  leg,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg ; 
returned  to  duty,  17  Dec.,  1863.     Mustered  out  28  May, 
1864. 

ANDERSON,  John  E.  26.  West  Boylston,  Mass.  Boot 
maker.  May,  1861.  West  Boylston.  —  Corporal,  1  May, 

1862.  Sergeant,  15  Feb.,  1863.     Taken  prisoner,  25  May, 
1862,  at  Winchester;    returned   to   duty,  October,  1862. 
Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

ANDREAVS,  John.      24.     .  .  .  England.     Mariner.     7  July, 

1862.     Boston.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  19  Dec.,  1862. 

ANTONY,   Wilbur  F.     22.     Dalton,  Mass.     Sawyer.     May, 

1861.  Tyringham.  —  Corporal,  May,  1861.     Deserted  17 
June,   1861. 

BALCOM,  Myron  L.  23.  Watertown,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Marlboro'.  —  Killed  in  action,  17  Sept., 

1862,  at  Antietam. 

BARRY,  Patrick.  22.  Lenox,  Mass.  Mechanic.  May,  1861. 
Lee  (Northampton?).  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

BARRY,  William.  28.  Cork,  Ireland.  Bootmaker.  16 
Aug.,  1862.  Boston.  —  Wounded  in  hand,  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville  ;  never  returned.  Dropped  from  the  rolls, 
17  Dec.,  1863,  as  deserter. 

BARTLETT,  Anson  B.  22.  Boston,  Mass.  Painter.  May, 
1861.  Clinton.  —  Corporal,  12  July,  1862.  Wounded  in 
neck,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam;  enlisted  (without  re 
turning  to  duty)  in  United-States  Infantry,  2  April,  1863. 

BEACH,  William.  18.  Louth,  Ireland.  Bootmaker.  May, 
1861.  Oakdale.  —  Discharged  as  a  minor,  30  May,  1862. 


340      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

BEAN,  Walter  F.  18.  Lowell,  Mass.  Teamster.  15  Oct., 
186T.  Lowell.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Win 
chester  ;  returned  to  duty,  27  Oct.,  1862.  Mustered  out 
15  Oct.,  1864. 

BERRIGAN,  Kerin.     35.     ...  Ireland.     Laborer.      7  July, 

1862.  Boston.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 
BICKFORD,  Charles  H.      26.      Boston,  Mass.     Shoemaker. 

18  Aug.,  1862.     Lowell.  —  Deserted  8  Feb.,  1863. 
BICKFORD,  Walter.      32.      Gardner,  Mass.     Fireman.     11 

May,  1861.     Gardner.  —  Killed  in  action,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at 

Cedar  Mountain. 
BILLINGS,  Alfred.     21.     Reading,  Mass.    Farmer.    12  May, 

1861.     Lunenburg.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 
BILLINGS,  Amos.     19.     Reading,  Mass.     Farmer.     12  May, 

1861.     Lunenburg.  —  Died  of  diphtheria,  26  July,  1862,  at 

Little  Washington,  Va. 
BISBEE,  Charles  E.     18.     Springfield,  Vt.     House  painter. 

11  May,  1861.     New-York  City  (Fitchburg?).  — Taken 

prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester;  returned  to  duty, 

25  Oct.,  1862.     Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 
BLIVEN,  Arthur.     19.     Lenox,  Mass.     Teamster.     11  May, 

1861.  Lenox.  —  Corporal,  18  Feb.,  1862.     Sergeant,  4 
Nov.,  1862.     First  sergeant,  11  May,  1863,  to  25  Aug., 

1863.  Sergeant  again,  4  March,  1864.     Detached  on  re 
cruiting  service,   11   April,  1864.     Re-enlisted  30  April, 

1864.  — See  Second  Term. 

BLOOD,  George  F.     23.     Stow,  Mass.     Fireman.    23  June, 

1862.  Boston.  —  Wounded  in  face,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  An- 
tietam ;  returned  to  duty,  2  Nov.,  1863.     Absent  sick,  30 
May,  1865,  in  hospital  at  Worcester,  when  mustered  out. 

BLUNT,  William  H.  20.  West  Boylston,  Mass.  Boot 
maker.  11  May,  1861.  West  Boylston.  —  Corporal,  26 
Nov.,  1862.  Sergeant,  13  June,  1863.  Wounded  through 
abdomen,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg ;  died  in  consequence, 
13  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  341 

BOOTH,  Alvin  O.  24.  Alstead,  N.H.  Sawyer.  May,  1861. 
Ashby  (Fitchburg?).  —  Detailed  as  regimental  wagoner,  1 
July,  1861.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

BOSTON,  George  H.  20.  Littleton,  Mass.  Farmer.  May, 
1861.  Winchendon.  —  Deserted  19  May,  1863. 

BROOKS,  Albert  E.  24.  ...  Mass.  Mechanic.  11  May, 
1861.  Westminster.  —  Drowned  in  Charles  River,  West 
Roxbury,  Mass.,  2  June,  1861. 

BRUCE,  George  A.  30.  Fitchburg,  Mass.  House  painter. 
11  May,  1861.  Fitchburg  (Winchendon?).  —  Corporal,  1 
May,  1862,  to  11  May,  1863,  when  returned  to  the  ranks 
during  prolonged  absence.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second 
Term. 

CAHILL,  John.  19.  Lee,  Mass.  Mechanic.  11  May,  1861, 
Lee  (Northampton?).  —  Taken  prisoner,  4  Sept.,  1862,  at 
Chantilly,  Va. ;  returned  to  duty,  22  Dec.,  1862.  Dis 
charged  for  disability,  15  Jan.,  1863. 

CASSIDY,  William.     28.     Oxford,  C.W.     Farmer.     11  May, 

1861.  Leominster.  — Deserted  3  Sept.,  1863. 

CHASE,  Charles  H.  19.  Boston,  Mass.  Clerk.  May,  1861. 
Boston.  —  Enlisted  company  musician,  May,  1861.  Dis 
charged  for  disability,  28  June,  1861. 

CHASE,  William  P.  23.  Holden,  Mass.  Bootmaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Oakdale.  —  Wounded  in  shoulder,  17  Sept., 

1862,  at  Antietam;    discharged  in  consequence,  23  Nov., 
1862. 

CHENEY,  Gilbert  A.  23.  Worcester,  Mass.  Fireman, 
14  May,  1861.  Fitchburg  (Newton?).  —  Wounded  in 
groin,  in  thigh  (three  places),  while  in  color  guard,  17 
Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam;  died  in  consequence,  29  Oct., 
1862,  at  Frederick,  Md. 

CHENEY,  Harvey  A.  18.  Chesterfield,  N.H.'  Chairmaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Ashburnham.  —  Sergeant,  May,  1861,  to 
14  Aug.,  1861.  Discharged  as  a  minor,  13  Sept.,  1862. 

CHILDS,  Isaac.  26.  Leicester,  Mass.  Mechanic.  11  May, 
1861.  Oakdale.  —  Wounded  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar 


342      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Mountain  ;    returned  to  duty.     Killed  in  action,  17  Sept., 

1862,  at  Antietam. 
CLAPP,   Cyrus  J.     22.     Leicester,  Mass.     Shoemaker.     11 

May,  1861.     Rindge,  N.H.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  19 

Oct.,  1861. 
CLAPP,  Samuel  B.     19.     Peterboro',  N.H.     Mechanic.     11 

May,  1861.     Gardner.  —  Died  of  measles,  27  Dec.,  1861, 

at  Alexandria,  Ya. 
CLEAVES,  Charles.     21.     Dayton,  Me.     Seaman.     15  May, 

1861.  Dayton,  Me.  —  Corporal,  6  Aug.,  1861,  to  26  Nov., 

1862,  when  returned  to  the  ranks  during  prolonged  absence. 
Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  while  hospital  attendant  at 
Winchester :  was  paroled,  but  never  returned  to  duty ;  and 
was  dropped  from  the  rolls,  as  deserter,  8  Feb.,  1863. 

COBB,  Horatio  S.  19.  East  Bennington,  Vt.  Blacksmith. 
11  May,  1861.  Lee.  —  Detailed  company  musician,  June, 

1861.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864, 

COLBURX,  Charles  H.  22.  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Musician. 
27  June,  1862.  Boston.  —  Dropped  from  the  rolls,  7  Oct., 

1862,  as  deserter. 

COLEMAN,  Michael.  19.  Ballimasloe,  Ireland.  Mechanic. 
11  May,  186 ! .  Hinsdale.  —  Taken  prisoner,  4  Sept.,  1862, 
near  Chantilly ;  deserted  from  parole  camp,  and  was 
dropped  from  the  rolls,  25  Dec.,  1862. 

COLVIN,  Frederick.  18.  Rhodesville,  Conn.  Spinner.  11 
May,  1861.  Oakdale.  —  Wounded  in  abdomen,  25  May, 
1862,  at  Winchester;  died  in  consequence,  1  June,  1862, 
at  Winchester. 

CONANT,  Alphonso.  21.  Salisbury,  Vt.  Joiner.  May, 
1861.  Fairhaven,  Ct.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  1  Jan., 
1863. 

CROCKER,  Harry  A.  24.  Moriah,  N.Y.  Mechanic.  11 
MayylSCl.  Winchendon.  —  Sergeant,  May,  1861.  Wound 
ed  in  leg,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester;  discharged  in 
consequence,  23  Nov.,  1862. 


THE    ENLISTED   MEN.  343 

CROSBY,  Reuben  G.  31.  Brattleboro',  Vt.  Engine-driver. 
7  July,  1862.  Boston.  —  Detailed  as  hospital  attendant, 

1862.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

CURTIS,   George  S.     22.     Sussex  Co.,  England.      Farmer. 

11  May,  1861.     Luneuburg.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second 
Term: 

DEE,  James  J.  22.  Boston,  Mass.  Plate  printer.  11 
Sept.,  1862.  Boston.  —  Wounded  in  hand,  3  July,  1863,  at 
Gettysburg;  deserted  from  hospital  in  Philadelphia,  and 
was  dropped  from  the  rolls,  23  Sept.,  1863. 

DERR,  John.  28.  Wodenburg,  Germany.  Farmer.  11 
May,  1861.  Stockbridge.  —  Killed  in  action,  3  July,  1863, 
at  Gettysburg. 

DOUGLASS,  Robert.  24.  Cambridge,  Mass.  Carpenter. 
.7  Aug.,  1862.  Cambridgeport.  —  Wounded  in  hand,  3  July, 

1863,  at    Gettysburg;   transferred   to   Invalid  Corps,   15 
Nov.,  1863. 

DRAPER,  Edward.  23.  Baltimore,  Md.  Clerk.  7  July, 
1862.  Boston.  —  Taken  prisoner,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar 
Mountain ;  dropped  from  the  rolls  as  deserter  from  parole 
camp. 

EAGER,  William  O.  28.  Barre,  Mass.  Farmer.  11  May, 
1861.  Westminster.  —  Corporal,  May,  1861,  to  20  June, 

1861.  Detailed  as  regimental  wagoner  .  .  .  1862,  to  18 
Oct.,  1862;  detached  to  corps  supply-train,  30  Jan.,  1863, 
to  26  July,  1863.      Detailed  as  regimental  wagoner,  18 
Sept.,  1863,  to  30  Oct.,  1863  ;    and  13  Nov.,  1863.     Re- 
enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

ELA,  William  H.     29.     Boston,  Mass.     Printer.     13  Aug., 

1862.  Boston.  —  Detailed  as  hospital  attendant,  9  Nov., 

1862,  to  11  May,  1863.     Wounded  through  lungs,  3  July, 

1863,  at  Gettysburg;  died  in  consequence,  11  July,  1863, 
at  Gettysburg. 

FARWELL,  Abel,  jun.      23.     Boylston,   Mass.     Shoemaker. 

12  May,   1861.     Fitchburg.—  Corporal,  May,  1861,  to  4 
L  Jkme,  1861.     Ward-master  in  hospital  at  Frederick,  Md. 


344      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Discharged  28  Feb.,  1863,  to  receive  the  appointment  of 

hospital  steward. 
FAR  WELL,  Charles  B.     19.     Boylston,  Mass.     Shoemaker. 

May,  1861.     Northboro'.  —  Discharged  for  disability,   13 

Sept.,  1861. 
FAY,    Benjamin    F.      22.      Winchendon,   Mass.      Railway 

clerk.     11  May,  1861.     Ashburnham.  —  Corporal,  3  July, 

1861.  Color  corporal,  4  July,  1862.     Killed  in  action,  9 
Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain. 

FIELDING,  Gershom  W.  32.  Columbia,  N.Y.  Mechanic. 
11  May,  1861.  Tyringham.  —  Discharged  for  disability, 

16  Dec.,  1861. 

FITZGIBBON,  James  C.  23.  Limerick,  Ireland.  Machinist. 
11  May,  1861.  Ashby.  —  Corporal,  27  Aug.,  1863.  Taken 
prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester;  returned  to  duty, 
25  Oct.,  1862.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

GREY,  William.     24.     Glasgow,  Scotland.     Miner.    8  Aug., 

1862.  Boston.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 
HADLEY,  Isaac  C.     30.     Moretown,  Vt.     Joiner.     11  May? 

1861.     South  Royalston  (Winchendon  ?).  —  Discharged  for 

disability,  11  Oct.,  1861. 
HALL,  John  J.     27.      Brandon,  Yt.     Teamster.     11   May, 

1861.    Fitchburg.  —  Detailed  as  regimental  wagoner,  May, 

1861.     Discharged  for  disability,  June,  1861. 
HARRIS,  William  F.     19.     Shirley,  Mass.     Shoemaker.     11 

May,  1861.     Shirley.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 
HASKELL,    Charles    T.      35.      Portland,    Me.      Machinist. 

17  July,  1862.      Lowell.  —  Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps, 
30  Sept.,  1863. 

HAYWARD,  Horace  P.     18.     Fitchburg,  Mass.     Shoemaker. 

11  May,  1861.     Fitchburg.  —  Discharged  as  a  minor,   10 

Aug.,  1861. 
HEALD,  Charles  H.     25.     Ashburnham,  Mass.     Carpenter. 

11  May,  1861.     Ashburnham.  —  Corporal,  1   Nov.,  1863. 

Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1863,  at  Winchester;  returned  to 

duty,  25  Oct.,  1862.     Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  345 

HEWINS,  Henry.    39.    Sharon,  Mass.     Shoemaker.     4  Aug., 

1862.  Sharon.  —  Detached  to  division  ambulance  corps, 
29  Oct.,  1862,  to  4  Nov.,  1862.    Died  of  chronic  diarrhrea, 
19  Dec.,  1862,  at  Frederick,  Md. 

HINES,  James  P.  18.  Providence,  R.I.  Ornamental 
painter.  11  May,  1861.  Gardner.  —  Wounded  in  wrist, 
9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain;  enlisted  (without  re 
turning  to  duty)  in  the  Eighteenth  United-States  Infantry, 
2  April,  1863. 

HOLMES,  Theodore  D.  22.  Lee,  Mass.  Papermaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Tyringham.  —  Detailed  as  ordnance  clerk,  15 
Sept.,  1861  ;  detached  to  corps  post-office,  6  March,  1862. 
Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

HOSMER,  George  B.  F.  18.  Dover,  Me.  Bootmaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Oakdale.  —  Detached  on  signal  service,  10 
Sept.,  1861 ";  died  of  fever,  in  1862,  at  Newbern,  N.C. 

HOUGHTON,  Albert.  22.  Lexington,  Mass.  Butcher.  12 
May,  1861.  Leominster.  —  Wounded  in  hand,  3  May, 

1863,  at  Chancellorsville ;  returned  to  duty,  June,  1863. 
Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

HOUGHTON,  Roscoe  E.  21.  Lincoln,  Me.  Papermaker. 
May,  1861.  Lee.  —  Corporal,  May,  1861,  to  3  July,  1861. 
Detached  to  corps  post-office,  31  Aug.,  1861  ;  discharged 

I  Jan.,  1863,  by  order  from  War  Department. 

HYDE,  William.     25.     Cheshire  Co.,  England.     Mechanic. 

II  May,  1861.     Oakdale.  —  Wounded  in  shoulder,  3  July, 
1863,  at  Gettysburg.     Mustered  out  24  May,  1864. 

INGRAM,  Gilbert  B.    24.    Becket,  Mass.    Farmer.     11  May, 

1861.  Tyringham.  —  Detailed    as    hospital  attendant,  in 

1862.  Re-enlisted.  — See  Second  Term. 

KELLEY,  Richard.     28. .  Boston,  Mass.     Hatter.     22  Aug., 

1862.     Boston.  —  Deserted  22  Dec.,  1862. 
KELLIHER,    Michael.      18.      Ireland.      Farmer.      17  Feb., 

1862.  .  .  .  —  Discharged  for  disability,  21   Dec.,  1862. 
KENDALL,  Charles  W.     20.     Leominster,  Mass.     Mechanic. 

11  May,  1861.     Ashburnham.  —  Corporal,  June,  1861,  to 


346  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTKY. 

26  Nov.,  1862,  when  returned  to  the   ranks  at  his  own 
request.     Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  1  July,  1863. 
KING,  Edward  H.    28.    Boston,  Mass.     Moulder.     27  Aug., 

1862.  Boston.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 
KING,  Ossian  M.     33.     Pomfret,  Vt.     Blacksmith.     11  May, 

1861.  Fitchburg.  —  Corporal,  1  Nov.,  1863.  Detached 
to  Fourth  United-States  Artillery,  8  April,  1862,  to  19 
Oct.,  1862.  Detailed  as  regimental  wagoner,  5  March, 

1863,  to  July,  1863 ;  and  18  Sept.,  1863,  to  4  Nov.,  1863. 
Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

KING,  William  J.  44.  Lenox,  Mass.  Blacksmith.  11 
May,  1861.  Tyringham.  —  Detailed  as  regimental  black 
smith,  21  July,  1861.  Discharged  for  disability,  9  Oct., 
1862. 

KINSMAN,  Frederick.  22.  Fitchburg,  Mass.  Cane-maker. 
May,  1861.  Fitchburg.  —  Detailed  as  attendant  in  regi 
mental  hospital,  27  Nov.,  1861.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Sec 
ond  Term. 

LAKIN,  Crosby.  23.  Peru,  Vt.  Farmer.  11  May,  1861. 
Fitchburg.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winches 
ter;  returned  to  duty,  19  Dec.,  1862.  Mustered  out  28 
May,  1864. 

LAKIN,  Jefferson.    22.    Bennington,  Vt.    Fireman.    14  May, 

1861.  Fitchburg. —  Killed  in  action,  25  May,  1862,  at 
Winchester,  Va. 

LARGEE,  Thomas.     23.     Glasgow,   Scotland.     Soldier.     1 1 

May,  1861.     Lunenburg.  —  Deserted  28  Feb.,  1862. 
LEAHY,  Richard.     33.     Cork,  Ireland.     Tailor.     22    Aug., 

1862.  Boston.  —  Re-enlisted. —  See  Second  Term. 
LEAHY,  Arthur.     18.     Danvers,  Mass.     Tanner.     23  June, 

1862.  Boston.  —  Wounded  in  arm,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at 
Antietam ;  returned  to  duty,  26  Dec.,  1862.  Taken  priso 
ner,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellors ville,  and  paroled;  re 
turned  to  duty,  23  March,  1864.  Wounded  in  leg,  15 
May,  1864,  at  Resaca,  and  died  in  consequence,  18  June, 
1864. 


THE    ENLISTED   MEN.  347 

LITCHFIELD,  Charles  D.     21.     Lunenburg,  Mass.     Farmer. 

11  May,  1861.     Lunenburg.  —  Detailed  as  company  cook, 

February,  1862.     Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 
LYNCH,    Michael.      35.     Ireland.     Lamplighter.      17   July, 

1862.      Brookline.  —  Transferred    to   Invalid    Corps,    30 

Sept.,  1863. 
MACOMBER,  Elijah.     19.     Bristol,  Vt.     Iron-roller.     May, 

1861.  Fairhaven,  Vt.—  Deserted  25  Aug.,  1861. 
MAUD,  John.     42.     Halifax,  England.     Painter.     30  Aug., 

1862.  Framingham.  —  Wounded  in  hand,  3  July,  1863, 
at  Gettysburg ;  returned  to  duty,  3  Nov.,  1863.     Mustered 
out  28  May,  1864. 

MAYNARD,  Frederick.  24.  South  Hadley,  Mass.  Machin 
ist.  11  May,  1861.  Winchendon. —  Corporal,  May,  1861, 
to  15  April,  1862.  Detailed  as  pioneer,  First  Division, 
29  May,  1862,  to  26  Sept.,  1862.  Killed  in  action,  3 
July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg. 

MILLER,  Adam.  21.  Bavaria.  Accountant.  May,  1861. 
Lee.  —  Sergeant,  May,  1861.  Promoted  to  be  second 
lieutenant,  13  June,  1862.  —  See  Commissioned  Officers. 

MOULTON,  Ansel  A.  24.  Lyman,  N.H.  Farmer.  11 
May,  1861.  Fitchburg. —  Corporal,  3  July,  1861,  to  13 
July,  1862.  Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  1  Aug.,  1863. 

NASON,  Edwin  F.  20.  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  Shoemaker.  14 
May,  1861.  Fitchburg.  —  Wounded  9  June,  1863,  at 
Beverly  Ford.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

NELSON,  Andrew.  18.  Lowell,  Mass.  Printer.  23  Oct., 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Killed  in  action,  3  July,  1863,  at  Get 
tysburg. 

NEWTON.  George  B.  26.  Mount  Holly,  Vt.  Bootmaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Oakdale.  —  Corporal,  May,  1861.  Died 
of  putrid  sore  throat,  27  Dec.,  1861,  at  Baltimore,  Md. 

NEWTON,  Windsor  A.  19.  Mount  Holly,  Vt.  Bootmaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Oakdale.  —  Corporal,  1862.  Wounded 
in  neck,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam;  enlisted  in  Eigh 
teenth  United-States  Infantry,  20  Dec.,  1862. 


348  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

NUTTING,  Allen  A.  18.  New  Ipswich,  N.H.  Chairmaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Ashburnham. —  Corporal,  26  Nov.,  1862  ; 
sergeant,  11  May,  1863.  Wounded  in  abdomen,  near 
Beverly  Ford,  9  June,  1863  ;  died  in  consequence,  10  June, 
1863,  at  Alexandria,  Va. 

O'BRIEN,  James.  41.  Cork,  Ireland.  Stone-mason.  26 
Aug.,  1862.  Boston.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

ORNE,  David  J.  23.  Sutton,  Vt.  Machinist.  11  May, 
1861.  Clinton.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Win 
chester;  returned  to  duty,  25  Oct.,  1862.  Absent  in  hos 
pital,  28  May,  1864,  when  mustered  out. 

PALMER,  William.  23.  Northbridge,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
11  May,  1861.  West  Boylston.— -  Corporal,  May,  1861, 
to  15  June,  1861.  Detached  to  gunboat  on  the  Mississippi, 
18  Feb.,  1862 ;  discharged  by  orders  of  War  Depart 
ment. 

PARKER,  Theodore  K.  19.  Brighton,  Mass.  Machinist. 
May,  1861.  Winchendon.  —  First  sergeant,  May,  1861. 
Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester;  returned 
to  duty,  24  Oct.,  1862.  Promoted  to  be  second  lieutenant, 
24  Oct.,  1862.  — See  Commissioned  Officers. 

PARKHURST,  William.  34.  Townshend,  Vt.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Springfield.  —  Deserted  5  July,  1861. 

PARTRIDGE,  Henry  J.  20.  Westminster,  Mass.  Farmer. 
11  May,  1861.  Westminster.  —  Taken  prisoner  at  Get 
tysburg;  returned  to  duty,  22  May,  1864;  mustered  out 
28  May,  1864. 

PETERSON,  John.  23.  Germany.  Clerk.  May,  1861. 
Boston.  —  Wounded  in  face,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester  ; 
kept  in  hospital  at  Frederick,  Md.*  Discharged  by  order 
of  War  Department,  date  not  given. 

PHILLIPS,  George  R.  18.  Keene,  N.H.  Shoemaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Leominster.  —  Corporal,  15  Feb.,  1863.  De 
tailed  as  attendant  in  regimental  hospital,  16  Nov.,  1862, 
to  11  May,  1863.  Wounded  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg, 
and  taken  prisoner ;  absent,  28  May,  1864,  when  mustered 
out. 


THE    ENLISTED   MEN.  349 

PHILLIPS,  James  M.  21.  Keene,  N.H.  20  May,  1861. 
Leominster.  —  Dropped  from  the  rolls,  7  Oct.,  1862  5  said 
to  have  been  appointed  a  hospital  steward. 

PHILLIPS,  William  P.  42.  Boston,  Mass.  Clerk.  4  Aug., 
1862.  Boston.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

PIERCE,  Henry  O.  18.  Westminster,  Mass.  Carpenter. 
11  May,  1861.  Fitchburg.  —  Discharged  for  disability, 
30  Dec.,  1862 ;  died  two  weeks  after  reaching  home. 

PIERCE,  Henry  S.  «  18.  Nashua,  N.H.  Farmer.  11  May, 
1861.  Winchendon. — Wounded  in  hand,  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville ;  not  disabled.  Wounded,  in  breast,  15  May, 
1864,  at  Resaca ;  in  hospital,  28  May,  1864,  when  mus 
tered  out. 

POLLARD,  Edwin  R.  23.  Winchendon,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Winchendon.  —  Discharged  for  disability, 
13  Sept.,  1861. 

PRESCOTT,  James  M.  18.  West  Boylston,  Mass.  Boot 
maker.  11  May,  1861.  Oakdale.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25 
May,  1862,  at  Winchester;  escaped  at  Mount  Jackson,  and 
returned  to  duty,  June,  1862.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second 
Term. 

PRESCOTT,  William  W.  20.  West  Boylston,  Mass.  Farmer. 
30  Aug.,  1862.  Oakdale.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

PRIEST,  M.  Augustus.  19.  Marlboro',  Mass.  Carpenter. 
11  May,  1861.  Marlboro'.  —  Corporal,  1  Nov.,  1863,  and 
color  corporal.  Wounded  in  leg,  15  May,  1864,  at  Resa 
ca;  mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

RAFFERTY,  Thomas.  23.  Galway,  Ireland.  Farmer.  11 
May,  1861.  Lee.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at 
Winchester;  returned- to  duty,  19  Dec.,  1862.  Mustered 
out  24  July,  1865. 

REED,  William  H.    18.   East  Boston,  Mass.   Teamster.   May, 

1861.  East  Boston.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 
ROPES,  Edward  E.     25.     Milton,  Mass.     Miner.     20  June, 

1862.  Lawrence,  Kansas.  —  Came  from  Kansas  to  Win 
chester,  Va.,  to  enlist  in  a  Massachusetts  regiment.     Mus 
tered  out  9  June,  1865. 


350      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

SADLER,  Rupert  J.  19.  Dublin,  Ireland.  Machinist.  10 
Oct.,  1861.  Boston.  —  Corporal,  26  Nov.,  1862;  color 
corporal,  same  date.  Killed  in  action,  3  July,  1863,  at 
Gettysburg,  while  carrying  the  colors. 

SHATTUCK,  Danforth.  18.  Pepperell,  Mass.  Farmer. 
12  May,  1861.  Pepperell.  —  Wounded  in  side  (three  ribs 
broken),  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam;  returned  to  duty,  5 
April,  1863.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

SNOW,  George  W.  24.  Orleans,  Mass.  Accountant.  11 
May,  1861.  Nashua,  N.H.  —  Sergeant,  May,  1861.  Dis 
charged  for  disability,  2  Oct.,  1862. 

SWEET,  George  H.  18.  Tyringham,  Mass.  Farmer.  11 
May,  1861.  Tyringham.  —  Seized  by  writ  of  habeas  cor 
pus,  at  Boston,  8  July,  1861,  as  a  minor. 

TARBOX,  Charles.  '  23.    Phillips,  Me.    Shoemaker.    12  May, 

1861.  Fitchburg.  —  Corporal,  14  Feb.,  1863.    Transferred 
to  Invalid  Corps,  1  Aug.,  1863. 

TAYLOR,  James  H.     21.     Winchendon,   Mass.     Machinist. 

11  May,    1861.      Winchendon.  —  Enlisted    as    company- 
musician.     Detached   to    brigade    band,    25    April,    1863. 
Mustered  out  28  May,   1864. 

THOMPSON,  Jedediah  C.  23.  New- York  City.  Mechanic. 
15  May,  1861.  Marlboro'.  —  Corporal,  3  July,  1861.  Ser 
geant,  10  July,  1862,  to  11  May,  1863,  when  returned  to 
the  ranks  during  prolonged  absence.  Again  corporal,  1 
Sept.,  1863.  Sergeant,  1  Nov.,  1863.  Wounded  in  hand, 
9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain ;  returned  to  duty,  Aug., 
1863.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

THURSTON,  Thomas  B.     34.     Fitchburg,  Mass.     Brakeman. 

12  May,  1861.     Fitchburg.  —  Corporal,  May,  1861.     Ser 
geant,  11  Aug.,  1861.    First  sergeant,  1  Jan.,  1863,  to  11 
May,  1863,  when  made  second  sergeant ;  again  first  sergeant, 
5  Sept.,  1863.     Taken  prisoner  (being  disabled  by  shell), 
25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester;  returned  to  duty,  25  Oct., 

1862.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  351 

TICKNOR,  George.  29.  Brookfield,  Mass.  Farmer.  11 
May,  1861.  Tyringham.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  9 
Oct.,  1862. 

TOOMBS,  William  D.  19.  West  Boylston,  Mass.  Boot 
maker.  1 1  May,  1861.  Oakdale.  —  Detached  as  attendant 
in  Twelfth  Corps  hospital,  July,  1863;  returned  to  duty,  9 
Dec.,  1863.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

TOWER,  Charles  L.  31.  Braintree,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
4  March,  1862.  .  .  .  —  Discharged  for  disability,  5  Dec., 
1862. 

WALKER,  Charles  C.  22.  Stow,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  12 
May,  1861.  Lunenburg.  —  Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps. 

WEBSTER,  George  W.  37.  Hooksett,  N.H.  Clergyman. 
May,  1861.  Bedford.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  Oct., 
1862.  Re-enlisted  in  the  Thirty-sixth  Massachusetts. 

WETHERBEE,  Joseph  A.  24.  Westminster,  Mass.  Me 
chanic.  13  May,  1861.  Westminster.  —  Discharged  for 
disability,  30  Dec.,  1862. 

WHYTE,  Alfred  M.  22.  Marlboro',  N.H.  Weaver.  11 
May,  1861.  West  Boylston.  —  Wagoner,  4  July,  1861. 
Wounded  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam;  died  in  conse 
quence,  8  Oct.,  1862. 

WILCOX,  Franklin  B.  21.  Mendon,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Westminster.  —  Killed  in  action,  9  Aug., 
1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain. 

WOODWARD,  Melvin  M.  22.  Kinderhook,  N.Y".  Mason. 
11  May,  1861.  Lee.  —  Corporal,  18  Feb.,  1862,  to  26 
Nov.,  1862,  when  returned  to  the  ranks  during  prolonged 
absence.  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester; 
transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  1  July,  1863. 


352  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 


COMPANY    E. 

ADAMS,  Edmund  J.  38.  Bellingham,  Mass.  Trader.  29 
July,  1862.  Bellingham.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  19 
Feb.,  1863. 

ADAMS,  Lyman.  30.  Bellingham,  Mass.  Farmer.  11 
May,  1861.  Franklin.  —  Taken  prisoner,  August,  1861, 
near  Harper's  Ferry  ;  returned  to  parole  camp,  from  which 
he  deserted. 

ADAMS,  Milton  S.  27.  Medway,  Mass.  Bootmaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Medway.  —  Corporal,  25  May,  1861,  to  29 
Sept.,  1862 ;  again,  3  Nov.,  1862,  to  19  March,  1864. 
Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

ALEXANDER,  Isaac.  24.  Ayrshire,  Scotland.  Shoemaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Ware.  —  Taken  prisoner,  August,  1861, 
near  Harper's  Ferry ;  returned  to  duty,  24  March,  1862. 
Wounded  in  shoulder,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester  ;  dis 
charged  in  consequence,  12  Oct.,  1862. 

ALLEN,  Sidney  W.  18.  Milford,  Mass.  Bootmaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Medway.  —  Wounded  in  hand,  9  Aug.,  1862, 
at  Cedar  Mountain ;  returned  to  duty,  September,  1862. 
Wounded  in  heel,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam;  returned 
to  duty,  1  March,  1864.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

BACON,  William  H.  20.  Palmer,  Mass.  Bootmaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Ware.  —  Left  with  wounded,  in  August, 
1862  ;  and  never  returned.  Dropped  as  deserter. 

BALLOU,  Albert  A.  30.  Wrentham,  Mass.  Bootmaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Medway.  —  Corporal,  31  Aug.,  1863. 
Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester ;  returned 
to  duty,  23  Oct.,  1862.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

BANCROFT,  George.  34.  Blackstone,  Mass.  Bootmaker. 
28  July,  1862.  Medway.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  5 
Nov.,  1862. 

BARNES,  Julius  G.  20.  New  Braintree,  Mass.  Wool- 
sorter.  11  May.  1861.  Ware.  —  Sergeant,  25  May,  1861. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  353 

to  10  Nov.,  1862.      Absent  in  hospital  since   December, 

1862.     Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 
BARNES,  Martin   L.     18.     Hardwick,  Mass.     Farmer.     11 

May,  1861.     Ware.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  24  Sept., 

1862. 
BATHE,  Anthony.     25.     Wiltshire,  England.     Wheelwright. 

11    May,    1861.      Wrentham.  —  Detailed    as   regimental 

blacksmith,  December,  1861,  to  .  .  .   1862;  and   21  Oct., 

1862,  to  19  Oct.,  1863;   and  22   Oct.,  1863.      Mustered 

out  28  March,  1864. 
BOYD,  Alexander.     48.    Carrickfergus,  Ireland.    Sailor.    21 

July,  1862.     Medway.  —  Wounded  in  foot,  by  shell,  in 

front  of  Atlanta.     Mustered  out  20  July,  1865. 
BRADLEY,   Patrick.     24.     Boston,  Mass.     Bootmaker.      11 

May,  1861.     Milford.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  2  Dec., 

1861. 
BROWN,  Aaron.      30.     Milford,  Mass.     Farmer.     28  July, 

1862.      Medway.  —  Discharged  for   disability,  4   March, 

1863. 
BROWN,  Henry  W.     29.     Medway,  Mass.     Physician.    11 

May,  1861.     Medway.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  7  July, 

1861. 
BUCKLEY,  John.     20.     Cork,  Ireland.     Weaver.     11  May, 

1861.  Ware.  —  Wounded,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester  ; 
and  taken  prisoner;    died  of  chronic  diarrhoea,   16  Oct., 

1862,  at  Richmond,  while  a  prisoner. 

BULLEN,  Edmund  M.     28.  Medway,  Mass.     Painter.     11 

May,  1861.     Medway.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1861, 

at     Winchester;      returned    to    duty,    December,    1862. 

Wounded   in    chest,   3    May,    1863,    at    Chancellors ville. 

In  hospital  when  mustered  out ;  term  expired. 
CASS,  John  W.     21.    Boston,  Mass.    Boot-striker.    11  May, 

1861.    Medway.  —  Discharged    for    disability,    18    Sept., 

1862. 
CHILSON,  Lucius  H.    22.     Perkinsville,  Vt.    Machinist.     11 

May,  1861.     Ware.  —  Corporal,  22  Feb.,  1863;  sergeant, 
23 


354  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

6  April,  1863,  to  26  June,  1863.  Detached  to  Company 
F,  4th  United-States  Artillery,  10  April,  1862,  to  11 
Oct.,  1862.  Wounded  in  hand,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettys 
burg.  Absent  28  May,  1864,  when  mustered  out. 

CLARK,  Albert  H.  26.  Medway,  Mass.  Boot-crimper.  11 
May,  1861.  Medway.  —  Corporal,  24  Feb.,  1862,  to  30 
Dec.,  1862,  when  returned  to  the  ranks  during  prolonged 
absence.  Wounded  in  leg,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Moun 
tain  ;  returned  to  duty,  15  Aug.,  1863.  Mustered  out 
28  May,  1864. 

COATES,  David.  25.  Eton,  C.E.  Bonnet-presser.  11 
May,  1861.  North  Stratford  (Conn.  ?).  — Corporal,  1 
Aug.,  1862,  to  30  Dec.,  1862.  Transferred  to  Invalid 
Corps,  5  Jan.,  1864. 

CONEY,  Edward  H.  18.  Ware,  Mass.  Farmer.  11  May, 
1861.  Ware.  — Taken  prisoner,  29  Aug.,  1862,  near 
Bristow,  Va. ;  returned  to  parole  camp,  and  deserted. 

CONVERSE,  Charles  C.  18.  Holyoke,  Mass.  None.  11 
May,  1861.  Ware.  —  Deserted  6  July,  1861. 

COOK,  Warren  F.  23.  Bellingham,  Mass.  Milkman. 
11  May,  1861.  Medway.  —  Corporal,  14  May,  1862. 
Wounded  in  arm,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain; 
discharged  in  consequence,  8  Nov.,  1862. 

COOMBS,  John  V.  18.  Bellingham,  Mass.  Farmer.  11 
May,  1861.  —  Bellingham  (Medway?).  Mustered  out  28 
May,  1864. 

COUGHLAN,  Timothy.  21.  Kerry,  Ireland.  Pile-driver. 
11  May,  1861.  Medway. —  Detached  to  gunboat  on  the 
Mississippi,  14  Feb.,  1862.  Dropped  from  the  rolls. 

COWDEN,  Jason  E.  24.  Amesbury,  Mass.  Hatter.  17 
July,  1862.  Amesbury.  —  Detached  to  division  ambu 
lance  corps,  29  Oct.,  1862,  to  23  May,  1863;  transferred 
to  Invalid  Corps,  1  Sept.,  1863. 

CUMMINGS,  Charles  E.  27.  Franklin,  Mass.  Boot-striker. 
11  May,  1861.  Medway.  —  Corporal,  1  Aug.,  1862. 
Died  of  chronic  diarrhosa,  19  Jan.,  1863,  at  Washington, 
D.C. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  £55 

GUSHING,  Alexander  M.  39.  Newbern,  Vt.  Tailor.  28 
July,  1862.  Medway.  —  Died  of  chronic  diarrhoea,  23 
Nov.,  1862,  at  Sharpsburg,  Md. 

DANIELS,  William  A.  21.  Medway,  Mass.  Wheelwright. 
May,  1861.  Medway.  —  Wounded  in  hip  and  in  arm,  9 
Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain;  died  in  consequence,  10 
Aug.,  1862. 

DESPER,  Charles  M.  19.  Medway,  Mass.  Bootmaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Medway.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  25 
Feb.,  1863. 

DUD Y,  Thomas.  21.  New  Haven,  Conn.  Bootmaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Medway.  —  Deserted  6  July,  1861. 

DUNTON,  Alonzo  E.  21.  Medway,  Mass.  Bootmaker. 
May,  1861.  Medway.  —  Corporal,  30  Dec.,  1862.  Ser 
geant,  22  Feb.,  1863.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

FALES,  Albert  F.    23.    Medway,  Mass.    Bootmaker.     May, 

1861.  Medway.  —  Wounded  in  hand,  25  May,  1862,  at 
Winchester,    not    disabled ;     wounded    9    Aug.,    1862,    at 
Cedar  Mountain,  not  disabled ;  wounded  in  arm,  17   Sept., 

1862,  at  Antietam.     Discharged  8  April,  1863. 

FALES,  John  M.  26.  Bellingham,  Mass.  Boot-treer.  May, 
1861.  Medway.  —  Detailed  as  butcher  .  .  .  1861,  to  20 
April,  1864.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

FISHER,  Lewis  L.  23.  Bellingham,  Mass.  Farmer.  20 
Aug.,  1862.  Bellingham.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  9 
Feb.,  1863. 

FLINT,  Henry  E.  24.  Dracut,  Mass.  '  Hostler.  9  Oct., 
1861.  Lowell. —  Detached  to  division  ambulance  corps, 
16  Oct.,  1862,  to  28  July,  1863.  Absent  in  hospital,  9 
Oct.,  1864,  when  mustered  out. 

FORCE,  Emmons.  24.  Westboro',  Mass.  Carpenter.  11 
May,  1861.  Medway. —  Discharged  for  disability,  21 
Nov.,  1862. 

Foss,  John  F.  22.  Louisville,  Ky.  Sewing-machine  Agent. 
11  Oct.,  1861.  Lowell.— Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862, 
at  Winchester;  returned  to  duty,  20  Feb.,  1863.  Mus 
tered  out  11  Oct.,  1864. 


356  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

FULLER,  Charles  F.  33.  Medway,  Mass.  Bonnet-bloeker. 
May,  1861,  Medway.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  28 
Jan.,  1862. 

GATCHELL,  Thomas  D.  18.  Northbridge,  Mass.  Boot 
maker.  May,  1861.  Milford.  —  Enlisted  company  musi 
cian.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

GORMAN,  John.  19.  Tyrone,  Ireland.  Bootmaker.  May, 
1861.  Medway.  —  Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  1  Sept., 
1863. 

GRANT,  Charles.  34.  Douglas,  Mass.  Bootmaker.  May, 
1861.  Medway.  Discharged  for  disability,  30  May,  1861. 

GRANT,  Frank  S.     18.     Wrentham,  Mass.     Farmer.     May, 

1861.  Medway.  —  Wounded  in   knee,   3  July,  1863,   at 
Gettysburg.     Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  14  Jan.,  1864. 

GRANT,  James  M.  21.  Woonsocket,  R.I.  Boot-fitter. 
May,  1861.  Medway.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862 
at  Winchester ;  returned  to  duty,  23  Oct.,  1862.  Mustered 
out  28  May,  1864. 

GREENWOOD,  George  E.  19.  Franklin,  Mass.  Boot 
maker.  May,  1861.  Medway.  —  Corporal,  9  April,  1863  ; 
sergeant,  30  Dec.,  1863.  Wounded  in  arm,  3  May,  1863, 
at  Chancellorsville  ;  returned  to  duty,  18  Aug.,  1863.  Mus 
tered  out  28  May,  1864. 

GREENWOOD,  Isaac  C.  39.  Franklin,  Mass.  Bootmaker. 
May,  1861.  Medway.  —  Detailed  as  hospital-wagoner, 

I  July,  1861,  to  4  June,  1862.     Detached  to  division  am 
bulance  corps  in  1862,  to  Jan.,  1863;    and   1   Feb.,  1863, 
to  2o  April,  1863  ;  and  again,  30  April,  1863.     Wounded 
in  arm  and  side,  15  May,  1864,  at  Resaca.     Mustered  out 
28  May,  1864. 

GRUNDEL,  Sebastian.  21.  Baden-Baden,  Germany.  Shoe 
maker.  May,  1861.  Ware.  —  Wounded  in  arm,  25  May, 

1862,  at  Winchester ;  not  disabled.     Mustered  out  28  May, 
1864. 

HARRINGTON,  Peter.      22.     Roscommon,  Ireland.     Barber. 

II  May,  1861.     Medway.  —  Wounded  in  elbow,  17  Sept., 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  357 

1862,  at  Antietam  ;  discharged  in  consequence,  6  Dec., 
1862. 

HARRINGTON,  Thomas  J.  28.  Roscommon,  Ireland.  Boot 
maker.  3  Sept.,  1862.  Medway. —  Transferred  to  In 
valid  Corps,  30  Sept.,  1863. 

HATSTAT,  William  F.  18.  Thorndike,  Mass.  Farmer. 
May,  1861.  Ware.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  20  April, 
1863. 

HENRY,  John.  23.  Sligo,  Ireland.  Bootmaker.  May, 
1861.  Medway.  —  Wounded  in  breast,  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville ;  returned  to  duty,  17  Aug.,  1863.  Mus 
tered  out  28  May,  1864. 

HEWINS,  Benjamin.  23.  Sharon,  Mass.  Farmer.  May, 
1861.  Sharon.  —  Wagoner,  4  July,  1861.  Mustered  out 
28  May,  1864. 

HILL,  Edwin  W.     24.     Medway,  Mass.     Bootmaker.    May, 

1861.  Medway.  —  Corporal,  25  May,  1861.     Discharged 
for  disability,  29  Jan.,  1862. 

HILL,   Isaac.     24.     Montpelier,  Vt.     Boxmaker.     28  July, 

1862.  Franklin.  —  Wounded  in  hand,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at 
Antietam;    returned    to  duty,  Aug.,  1863.     Mustered  out 
28  May,  1864. 

HIXON,  Alonzo.  35.  Medway,  Mass.  Bootmaker.  May 
1861.  Medway.  —  Detailed  as  company  cook,  July,  1861. 
Mustered  out  28  March,  1864. 

HOG  AN,  Edward.  22.  Tipperary,  Ireland.  Bootmaker, 
May,  1861.  Medway. —  Corporal,  23  March,  1864. 
Wounded  in  hand,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain  ;  re 
turned  to  duty,  10  Oct.,  1862.  Mustered  out  28  May, 
1864. 

HOUGIITON,  Albert  C.  20.  Newton,  Mass.  Boot-striker. 
11  May,  1861.  Medway.  —  Corporal,  9  April,  1863. 
Killed  in  action,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville. 

HOUGHTON,  Alvin  W.  18.  Swansey,  N.H.  Porter.  11 
May,  1861.  Medway.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 


358      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

HOWARD,  Warren  V.  19.  Ware,  Mass.  Painter.  May, 
1861.  Ware.  —  Corporal,  25  May,  1861,  to  7  Feb.,  1862  ; 
again,  30  Nov.,  1862.  Taken  prisoner,  May,  1862,  near 
Strasburg,  Va. ;  returned  to  duty,  25  Oct.,  1862.  Deserted 
2  Jan.,  1863,  while  on  furlough. 

HUNT,  George  W.  19.  Sudbury,  Mass.  Bootmaker.  May, 
1861.  Medfield.  —  Wounded  25  May,  1862,  at  Winches 
ter;  returned  to  duty.  Wounded  in  arm,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at 
Cedar  Mountain;  discharged  in  consequence,  23  Dec., 
1862. 

HUNT,  Thomas  E.  25.  Marlboro',  Mass.  Bootmaker. 
May,  1861.  Medfield.  —  Wounded  in  ankle,  25  May,  1862, 
at  Winchester,  and  taken  prisoner ;  paroled,  and  deserted. 

HUNTRESS,   John.      21.      Milford,   Mass.      Farmer.      May, 

1861.  Milford.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  26  June,  1862. 
Said  to  have  re-enlisted  in  Seventh  Massachusetts  Battery. 

IDE,  George  H.  26.  Medway,  Mass.  Clerk.  May,  1861. 
Medway.  — Corporal,  7  Juiy,  1861,  to  24  Feb.,  1862. 
Killed  in  action,  &  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain. 

JEWETT,  Richard  H.  L.  28.  East  Greenwich,  R.I.  Civil- 
engineer.  30  Aug.,  1862.  Boston. —  Corporal,  30  Dec., 

1862.  Discharged  5  March,  1863,  to  receive  commission 
of   second  lieutenant  in  the   Fifty-fourth    Massachusetts ; 
commission  of  that  date  ;  [first  lieutenant,  22  May,  1863; 
captain,  19  July,  1863;  mustered  out  19  June,  1865.] 

JOHNSON,  Francis.  44.  Three  Rivers,  C.E.  Shoemaker. 
19  Aug.,  1862.  Lawrence.  —  Wounded  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville  ;  returned  to  duty, .  .  .  1863.  Mustered  out 
28  May,  1864. 

JOHNSTON,  John  C.  22.  Antrim,  Ireland.  Farmer.  May, 
1861.  Ware.  —  Wounded  in  groin,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar 
Mountain,  and  taken  prisoner ;  died  of  wounds,  date  un 
known,  at  Richmond,  Va.,  while  a  prisoner. 

KIMBALL,  Charles  C.  19.  Keene,  N.H.  Clerk.  11  May, 
1861.  Medway.  —  Sergeant,  25  May,  1861.  Discharged, 
24  Sept.,  1862,  to  receive  commission  as  second  lieutenant 


THE    ENLISTED   MEN.  359 

in  the  .  .  .  Massachusetts  ;  but,  upon  being  mustered  out  of 
service,  refused  to  be  mustered  in  again,  remarking  to  the 
mustering-officer,  "  Men  have  to  crawl  through  small  holes 
sometimes." 

KINNEY,  James.  22.  Oxford,  Mass.  Factory-operative. 
May,  1861.  Ware.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at 
Winchester;  returned  to  duty,  26  Oct.,  1862.  Mustered 
out  28  May,  1864. 

LEARNED,  Henry.  43.  New  Braintree,  Mass.  Farmer.  18 
Aug.,  1862.  Brookline.  —  Absent  in  hospital,  28  May, 
1864  ;  no  record  of  muster-out. 

LEONARD,  Lawrence.  28.  Galway,  Ireland.  Boot-maker. 
May,  1861.  Milford.  —  Died  from  broken  leg,  April,  1862, 
at  Winchester,  Va. 

LIVINGSTON,  Samuel  J.  M.  20.  Tewksbury,  Mass.  Far 
mer.  11  Aug.,  1862.  Boston.  —  Discharged  for  disability, 
4  March,  1863. 

MACK,  David  F.  21.  London,  England.  Tailor.  May 
1861.  Medway.  —  Wounded  in  hand,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at 
Cedar  Mountain  ;  returned  to  duty,  11  March,  1863. 
Wounded  in  leg,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg;  returned  to 
duty,  16  Dec.,  1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

MALONE,  Bernard  G.  21.  Galway,  Ireland.  Cordwainer. 
May,  1861.  Natick.  —  Deserted  24  Sept.,  1862,  while  on 
furlough. 

MANN,  Albert  W.  24.  Wrentham,  Mass.  Bootmaker. 
May,  1861.  Medway. —  Sergeant,  25  May,  1861 ;  first 
sergeant,  13  July,  1861.  Appointed  sergeant-major,  10 
May,  1862.  —  See  Non-commissioned  Officers;  also  Com 
missioned  Officers. 

MATHER,  Samuel  A.  33.  Winsted,  Conn.  Bootmaker. 
May,  1861.  Milford.  —  Wounded  in  thigh,  9  Aug.,  1862, 
at^  Cedar  Mountain ;  transferred  to  Invalid  Corps  1  July, 
1863.  Mustered  out,  but  re-enlisted  15  Aug.,  1864.  —  See 
Second  Term. 


360      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

MAWN,  Peter.  26.  Ireland.  Bootmaker.  12  Aug.,  1862. 
Medway.  —  Wounded  in  leg,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellors- 
ville;  discharged  in  consequence,  21  Aug.,  1863. 

MAY,  Edward  A.  18.  Attleboro',  Mass.  Farmer.  May, 
1861.  Medway.  —  Appointed  marker,  1861.  Discharged 
for  disability,  6  Dec.,  1862. 

MAY,  James  B.  38.  Attleboro',  Mass.  Boot-treer.  May, 
1861.  Medway.  —  Corporal,  1  Aug.,  1862.  Wounded 
in  groin  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain ;  discharged  in 
consequence,  8  April,  1863. 

Me  Co  WAN,  James.  19.  Derry,  Ireland.  Bootmaker. 
May,  1861.  Medway.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  30 
Dec.,  1861. 

McNANY,  Richard.  26.  Chicopee,  Mass.  Factory  opera 
tive.  May,  1861.  Ware.  —  Discharged,  for  disability, 
June,  1861. 

METCALF,  George  L.    17.   Bellingham,  Mass.   Farmer.    May, 

1861.  Bellingham.  —  Corporal,  9  April,  1863.    Wounded 
in  knee,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg;    returned  to  duty, 
1  Nov.,  1863.     Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

METCALF,  George  O.     31.     Newport,  N.H.     Confectioner. 

May,  1861.    Medfield.  —  Wounded  in  hand,  3  May,  1863, 

at    Chancellors ville ;    returned    to   duty,   16    Dec.,    1863. 

Wounded  in  hand,  15  May,  1864,  at  Resaca.    Mustered  out 

28  May,  1864. 
METCALF,  John  C.  18.  Bellingham,  Mass.  Farmer. 

May,   1861.      Bellingham.  —  Corporal,    30    Dec.,    1862; 

sergeant,  31  Aug.,  1863,  to  30  Dec.,  1863.     Mustered  out 

28  May,  1864. 
MIXTON,  Thomas.  22.  Roscornmon,  Ireland.  Bootmaker. 

May,  1861.      Medway   (Roxbury?).  — Corporal,    6  Feb., 

1862;    color-corporal,   22  July,   1862;    sergeant,  3  Nov., 

1862.  Deserted  while  on  furlough  granted  9  March,  1863. 
MORSE,  Joseph  H.      21.      Medfield,  Mass.     Hostler.     May, 

1861.    Medfield. —  Detailed  as  regimental  wagoner,  1  July, 
1861.     Detached  to  division  ammunition  train,  14  Aug., 

1863.  Mustered  out  28  March,  1864. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  361 

MUNDON,  Daniel.  26.  Newport,  R.I.  Boot-crimper.  May, 

1861.  Medway.  —  Detailed  as  company  cook,  23  June, 
1861,  to  1  July,  1862.  Deserted  14  Sept.,  1862. 

NEWCOMB,  John  H.     22.     Enfield,  Mass.     Farmer.  May, 

1861.  Eufield.  —  Corporal,   25  May,   1861,  to  30  May, 

1862.  Also,  color-corporal.      Wounded    in  leg,  9  Aug. 
1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain ;   discharged  in  consequence,  29 
March,  1863. 

O'BRIEN,  Michael.     26.     Clare,  Ireland.     Fireman.     May, 

1861.  Ware.  —  Wounded   in   leg   (amputated)    9  Aug., 

1862,  at    Cedar   Mountain ;    discharged   in    consequence, 
10  Dec.,  1862. 

O'DONNKLL,  Michael.  18.  Kilkenny,  Ireland.  Bootmaker. 
May,  1861.  Medway.  —  Corporal,  3  Nov.,  1862;  ser 
geant,  30  Dec.,  1862  ;  first  sergeant,  1  May,  1863.  Wounded 
in  leg  (arm  ?),  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain ;  returned 
to  duty,  17  Sept.,  1862  ;  wounded  in  hip,  3  July,  1863,  at 
Gettysburg.  Absent  in  hospital,  28  May,  1864,  when 
mustered  out. 

ONION,  Alfred.  18.  Medway,  Mass.  Farmer.  May,  1861. 
Medway.  — Sent  ^to  hospital  at  Frederick,  Md.,  December, 
1861;  never  returned;  transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  23 
Jan.,  1864. 

OSGOOD,  Joseph.    43.    Lancaster,  Mass.    Farmer.    22  Aug., 

1862.  Bellingham.  —  Died  of  chronic  diarrhoea,  8  Feb, 

1863,  at  Stafford  C.H.,  Va. 

PANZLOFF,  Julius.  25.  Germany.  Sailor.  25  Aug.,  1862. 
Boston.— Wounded  in  leg,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellors- 
ville;  discharged  in  consequence,  15  Aug.,  1863. 

PARSONS,  William  R.  35.  Lancashire,  England.  Boot- 
clicker.  May,  1861.  Medway.  —  First  sergeant,  25  May, 
1861,  to  13  July,  1861,  when  made  sergeant;  first  sergeant 
again,  14  May,  1862.  Wounded  in  hand,  17  Sept.,  1862, 
at  Autietam;  discharged  in  consequence,  14  Jan.,  1863. 

PURINGTON,  Daniel.  44.  Lynn,  Mass.  Machinist.  19 
Aug.,  1862.  Boston. —  Detached  to  division  ambulance 


362  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

corps,  16  Oct.,  1862,  to  27  July,  1863.  Mustered  out  28 
May,  1864. 

EEMICK,  Alfred  P.  30.  Gardiner,  Me.  Bootmaker.  May, 
1861.  Milford.  —  Enlisted  wagoner,  1  July,  1861.  Mus 
tered  out  28  May,  1864. 

RICHARDSON,  Erastus  J.  19.  Franklin,  Mass.  Boot 
maker.  May,  1861.  Franklin.  —  Killed  iu  action,  17 
Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam. 

RICHARDSON,  Gardner  H.  18.  Westford,  Mass.  Tanner. 
14  Oct.,  1861.  Lowell.  — Wounded  in  leg,  17  Sept.,  1862, 
at  Antietam;  returned  to  duty,  8  Dec.,  1862.  Wounded 
in  thigh,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg;  returned  to  duty, 
7  March,  1864.  Corporal,  1  July,  1864.  Mustered  out 
14  Oct.,  1864. 

ROLLINS,  Thomas.  25.  Lancashire,  England.  Boot 
maker.  May,  1861.  Medway. —  Corporal,  25  May,  1861 ; 
sergeant,  7  July,  1861,  to  18  July,  1862.  Deserted  July, 
1862. 

ROSER,  Charles.  22.  Pazel,  Switzerland.  Sailor.  25 
Aug.,  1862.  Brookline.  —  In  every  action  during  his  term 
of  service.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

SCHLUSEMEYER,  William.  19.  Boston,  Mass.  Cabinet 
maker.  May,  1861.  Medway.  —  Discharged  as  a  minor, 
6  July,  1861. 

SHERMAN,  Hezekiah  E.  29.  Mansfield,  Mass.  Boot 
maker.  May,  1861.  Mansfield.  —  Corporal,  3  Feb.,  1862  ; 
color-corporal,  4  July,  1862  ;  sergeant,  1  Aug.,  1862 ;  first 
sergeant,  14  Jan.,  1863,  to  1  May,  1863 ;  sergeant  again, 
30  Dec.,  1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

SLA  YEN,  Michael.  26.  Ireland.  Bootmaker.  May,  1861. 
Medway.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

SNOW,  Charles.  18.  Ware,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  May, 
1861.  Ware.  — Wounded,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam; 
discharged  in  consequence,  8  April,  1863. 

SPARROW,  Herman  S.  20.  Medway,  Mass.  Bootmaker. 
May,  1861.  Medway.  —  Killed  in  action,  9  Aug.,  1862, 
at  Cedar  Mountain. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  363 

STARBUCK,  George.  24.  Quincy,  Mass.  Sewing-machine 
operator.  May,  1861.  Quincy.  —  Enlisted  company-mu 
sician.  Died  of  chronic  diarrhoea,  3  March,  1863,  at 
Washington,  D.C. 

STONE,  Joseph.  22.  .  .  .  Canada.  Farmer.  May, 
1861.  Ware.  —  Wounded  in  shoulder,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at 
Cedar  Mountain  ;  returned  to  duty,  20  Feb.,  1863.  Died 
of  lung  fever,  22  May,  1863,  at  Aquia  Landing,  Va. 

SULLIVAN,  Timothy.  19.  Kerry,  Ireland.  Bootmaker. 
May,  1861.  Melford.  —  Detailed  as  orderly  at  regimental 
headquarters,  19  Oct.,  1862.  Taken  prisoner,  July,  1863 ; 
returned  to  duty,  14  Nov.,  1863.  Mustered  out  28  May, 
1864. 

SUMNER,  Eugene.  19.  Fall  River,  Mass.  Cabinet-maker. 
May,  1861.  Medfield.  —  Dropped  from  the  rolls  in  1863. 

SWARMAN,  John  H.  25.  Boston,  Mass.  Farmer.  May, 
1861.  Medway.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Win 
chester;  returned  to  duty,  23  Oct.,  1862.  Wounded  in 
leg,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg ;  returned  as  far  as  Nash 
ville,  Tenn.,  February,  1864,  where  he  was  detailed  on 
special  duty.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

TREEN,  John  S.  22.  ...  N.S.  Bootmaker.  May,  1861. 
Medway. —  Killed  in  action,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam. 

TREEN,    Lewis    A.     26.      ...  N.S.      Bootmaker.       May, 

1861.  Medway.— Corporal,  25  May,    1861,  to   18   July, 

1862.  Deserted  June,  1862,  while  on  furlough. 
TURNER,   William  H.      22.      Medway,  Mass.     Bootmaker. 

May,    1861.      Medway.  —  Discharged    for    disability,    7 

Feb.,  1863  ;  died  afterwards,  in  Milford,  Mass. 
UFFENHEIMER,  David.     19.     Baden,  Germany.    Baker.    18 

Aug.,  1862.     .  .  .  — Killed  in    action,  3  May,  1863,  at 

Chancellorsville. 
UNDERWOOD,  Fisher  E.     21.     Medway,  Mass.    Bootmaker. 

9  Aug.,   1862.     Medway.  —  Absent  in  hospital,  28  May, 

1864,  when  mustered  out. 


364      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

VOSE,  Jeremiah.  27.  Uxbridge,  Mass.  Farmer.  21  Aug., 
1862.  —  Medway.  —  Wounded  in  face,  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville.  Absent  in  hospital,  28  May,  1864,  when 
mustered  out. 

WEBBER,  George  C.  26.  East  Douglas,  Mass.  Boot 
maker.  May,  1861.  Medway.  —  Mustered  out  28  May, 
1864. 

WHEAT,  Alfred  C.  27.  Hancock,  N.H.  Bootmaker.  May, 
1861.  Medway.  — Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

WHEAT,  Henry.     29.  .  Billerica,  Mass,     Bootmaker.     May, 

1861.  Medway.  —  Corporal,  25  May,  1861;  sergeant,  14 
May,  1862.     Discharged  for  disability,  11  Dec.,  1862. 

WHITNEY,  Charles.  26.  Holliston,  Mass.  Bootmaker. 
May,  1861.  Medway.  —  Corporal,  25  May,  1861;  ser 
geant,  17  July,  1863;  color-sergeant,  same  date.  Hit  in 
breast-plate,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain,  and  dis 
abled  for  some  days.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

WILEY,  Albert  H.  35.  Bellingham,  Mass.  Auctioneer. 
28  July,  1862.  Medway.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

WILLIAMS,,  George  H.  23.  Wrentham,  Mass.  Machinist. 
May,  1861.  Medway. —  Detailed  as  company  musician, 
28  April,  1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

WILLIAMS,  Henry.     44.    Providence,  R.I.     Cook.    27  Aug., 

1862.  Boston.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

WYNN,  Daniel.  23.  Sligo,  Ireland.  Bootmaker.  May, 
1861.  Milford.  —  Killed  in  action,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at 
Antietam. 

WOOD,  Richard.  45.  London,  England.  Laborer.  18 
Aug.,  1862.  .  .  .  Wounded  in  wrist,  3  July,  1863,  at 
Gettysburg;  transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  15  Feb.,  1864. 

WORKMAN,  William  M.  18.  Liverpool,  England.  Box- 
maker.  May,  1861.  Franklin.  —  Discharged  for  dis 
ability,  30  May,  1862. 


THE    ENLISTED   MEN.  365 


COMPANY    F. 

ANDREWS,  Prince  A.  19.  Essex,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Ipswich.  —  Wounded  in  thigh,  3  May,  1863, 
at  Cliancellorsville;  returned  to  duty,  March,  1864.  Mus 
tered  out  28  May,  1864. 

ANNIS,  Charles  H.  22.  Templeton,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
28  Aug.,  1862.  Lynn.  —  Absent  in  hospital,  25  May, 
1863,  when  discharged  by  order  of  War  Department. 

ANNIS,  Stillman  L.  27.  Fairhaven,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Lynn.  —  Detailed  as  company  cook.  Died 
of  dysentery,  21  Nov.,  1862,  at  Frederick,  Md. 

BATES,  Frederick.  24.  Bellingham,  Mass.  Bootmaker. 
24  July,  1862.  Bellingham.  —  Mustered  out  28  May, 
1864. 

BATES,  Lewis  H.  22.  Boston,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  28 
Aug.,  1862.  Lynn.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

BESSOM,   Charles.      18.      Lynn,   Mass.      Printer.     17  Oct., 

1861.  Lynn.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Win 
chester,  and  paroled ;    returned    to    duty,   1    Nov.,  1862. 
Discharged  for  disability,  1  April,  1863. 

BESSOM,  Philip.  43.  Marblehead,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
17  Oct.,  1861.  Lynn.  —  Company  musician,  7  Nov.,  1861, 
to  6  April,  1862.  Detailed  as  hospital  attendant,  6  April, 

1862.  Discharged  for  disability,  2  March,  1863. 
BILLINGS,    David    E.      27.       Concord,  N.H.      Shoemaker. 

May,  1861.     Athol.  —  Corporal,  24  Sept.,  1862,  to  1  July, 

1863.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

BILLINGS,  Jeremiah  B.  21.  Troy,  N.H.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Athol.  —  Discharged  for  disability;  18  Feb., 
1862. 

BROOKS,  Joel  J.  23.  Gardner,  Mass.  Chairmaker.  May, 
1861.  Gardner.  —  Corporal,  .  .  May,  1861;  sergeant,  24 
Sept.,  1862.  Wounded  in  hand,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  Antie- 
tam;  not  disabled.  Taken  prisoner,  3  July,  1863,  at 


366      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Gettysburg.  Absent  prisoner,  or  paroled  until  mustered 
out. 

BROWN,  Francis  W.  26.  Boston,  Mass.  Farmer.  May, 
1861.  Hamilton.  —  Detached  to  division  ammunition 
train,  May,  1862.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

BRYANT,  Cyrus  W.  28.  Orange,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  May, 
1861.  Philipston.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

BURNHAM,  Rufus.  33.  Essex,  Mass.  Carpenter.  May, 
1861.  —  Essex.  Discharged  for  disability,  25  Feb.,  1863. 

BURRILL,  Blenard.  22.  Saugus,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  May, 
1861.  Lynn. —  Detailed  as  company  cook,  28  Oct.,  1862, 
to  27  April,  1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

BUSHNELL,  Eugene  C.  23.  Norwich,  Conn.  Musician. 
May,  1861.  Templeton.  —  Company  musician,  .  .May, 
1861.  Discharged  for  disability,  15  Aug.,  1861. 

BUTLER,  Alonzo.  21.  Ipswich,  Mass.  Sailor.  May,  1861. 
Ipswich.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at, Winchester ; 
returned  to  duty,  9  April,  1863.  Mustered  out  28  May, 
1864. 

CAREY,  Thomas.  37.  Ireland.  Bootmaker.  24  July,  1862. 
Winchester.  —  Died  from  exhaustion,  9  Aug.,  1862,  on  the 
road  from  Culpepper  to  Cedar  Mountain. 

CARR,  Patrick  H.  24.  Ipswich,  Mass.  Factory  operative. 
May,  1861.  Ipswich.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

CHAMBERLAIN,  Garland  A.  24.  Lynn,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Lynn.  —  Wounded  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettys 
burg.  Absent  in  hospital,  28  May,  1864,  when  mustered 
out. 

CHASE,  George  T.  24.  Capetown,  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 
Farmer.  May,  1861.  Lynn.  —  Sergeant,  .  .  May,  1861 ; 
first  sergeant,  18  Sept.,  1862,  to  31  Dec.,  1863.  Wounded 
in  hand,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville ;  returned  to 
duty,  1  July,  1863.  Wounded  in  shoulder,  3  July,  1863, 
at  Gettysburg.  Absent  in  hospital,  28  May,  1864,  when 
mustered  out. 


THE    ENLISTED   MEN.  367 

CHURCHILL,  Eben  S.  Concord,  Me.  Painter.  May,  1861. 
Norridgewock,  Me.  —  Wounded,  25  May,  1862,  at  Win 
chester,  and  taken  prisoner ;  paroled,  and  died  in  conse 
quence  of  wounds. 

CLARK,  Charles  H.  19.  Lynn,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  May, 
1861.  Topsfield.  Wounded,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg. 
Absent  in  hospital,  28  May,  1864,  when  mustered  out. 

CLARK,  Humphrey  S.  25.  Topsfield,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Wenham.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

CLARK,  Thomas  H.  26.  Gloucester,  Mass.  Pedler.  May, 
1861.  Gloucester.  —  Corporal,  .  .  May,  1861,  to  ...  May, 

1861.  Detached  as  pioneer  to   First  Division,  6  April, 

1862,  to  .  .  June,  1862  ;   pioneer,  with  the  regiment,  from 
1  June,  1862,  to  26  Aug.,  1863.      Mustered  out  28  May, 
1864. 

CLUTTERBUCK,  William  L.  24.  Manchester,  England. 
Pail-turner.  May,  1861.  Athol.  —  Discharged  for  dis 
ability  (from  accident),  September,  1861. 

CONANT,  Joseph  C.  27.  Hamilton,  Mass.  Seaman.  May, 
1861.  Hamilton.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  26  Feb., 
1863. 

COOK,  Martin  V.  B.  21.  Wrentham,  Mass.  Bootmaker. 
24  July,  1862.  Bellingham.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second 
Term. 

COOPER,  Robert.  18.  Danvers,  Mass.  Clerk.  May,  1861. 
Lowell.  —  Dropped  from  the  rolls  in  1863.  Said  to  be  dis 
charged  by  order  of  War-  Department. 

CROSBY,  Pardon  L.  18.  Bellingham,  Mass.  Bootmaker. 
24  July,  1862.  Bellingham.  —  Re-enlisted. —  See  Second 
Term. 

CURRANT,  Thatcher  M.  19.  Boston,  Mass.  Needle-maker. 
May,  1861.  Lynn.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

DAY,  Albion  W.  20.  Templeton,  Mass.  Mechanic.  May, 
1861.  Templeton. —  Corporal,  22  May,  1861.  Wounded 
in  hand  and  in  back,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietain ;  dis 
charged  in  consequence,  31  March,  1863. 


368      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

DODGE,  Otis  F.  Topsfield,  Mass.  Clerk.  May,  1861. 
Topsfield.  — Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester  ; 
returned  to  duty,  19  Dec.,  1862.  Discharged  for  disability, 

16  June,  1863. 

DOUGLASS,  John  F.  24.  Calais,  Me.  Brakeman.  May, 
1861.  Hubbardston.  —  Corporal,  8  July,  1861  ;  sergeant, 
24  Sept.,  1862.  Wounded  in  shoulder,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at 
Antietam ;  returned  to  duty,  19  Feb.,  1863.  Re-enlisted. 
—  See  Second  Term. 

DOWNES,  Thomas  J.  21.  Groveland,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Ipswich.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  4  Oct., 
1861. 

DURGIN,  Daniel.  27.  Cork,  Ireland.  Caulker.  May,  1861. 
Essex.  —  Wounded  in  leg,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam; 
returned  to  duty,  25  Sept.,  1862.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Sec 
ond  Term. 

EATON,  Charles  S.  25.  Lewiston,  Me.  Shoemaker.  3 
Sept.,  1862.  Lynn.  —  Detailed  as  company  cook,  6  May, 
1863,  to  7  Aug.,  1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

EMERSON,  John  D.  17.  Royalston,  Mass.  Scholar.  May, 
1861.  Athol.  —  Detached  on  signal  service,  1  Sept.,  1861 ; 
discharged  13  Oct.,  1863,  to  receive  the  commission  of 
second  lieutenant  in  the  Signal  Corps. 

ESTES,  Charles  B.  21.  Salem,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  May, 
1861.  Lynn.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

FIFIELD,  Calvin  S.  29.  Lowell,  Mass.  Teamster.  May, 
1861.  Boston.  — Enlisted  wagoner,  1  July,  1861.  Mus 
tered  out  28  May,  1864. 

FINLAYSON,  Duncan  F.  30 May,  1861. 

...  —  Drowned  in  Charles  River,  West  Roxbury,  Mass., 
2  June,  1861. 

Fox,  Columbus.  34.  Pompey,  N.Y.  Painter.  May,  1861. 
Athol.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

FOYE,  John  E.  24.  Chester,  N.H.  Shoemaker.  May, 
1861.  Lynn.  —  Corporal,  May,  1861,  to  11  April,  1862, 
when  returned  to  the  ranks  at  his  own  request ;  and  again, 

17  April,  1863.     Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  369 

FRENCH,  Aurin  B.  22.  Manchester,  N.H.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Athol.  —  Discharged  for  disability  (from  acci 
dent),  31  Dec.,  1861. 

FRENCH,  Henry  D.  19.  Coventry,  Vt.  Cutler.  May, 
1861.  Hopkinton.  —  Wounded  in  breast,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at 
Cedar  Mountain  ;  returned  to  duty,  1  Aug.,  1863.  Absent 
in  hospital,  28  May,  1864,  when  mustered  out. 

FROST,  George  K.  23.  Sanford,  Me.  Shoemaker.  May, 
1861.  Wareham.  —  Detached  to  division  ammunition 
train,  May,  1862.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

GERSTLE,  John,  jr.  23.  Boston,  Mass.  Bootmaker.  24 
July,  1862.  Bellingham.  — Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

GERSTLE,  Joseph.  19.  Bellingham,  Mass.  Bootmaker. 
24  July,  1862.  Bellingham.  — Mustered  out  28  May, 
1864. 

GORTON,  Samuel  M.  44.  Cambridge,  Mass.  Carpenter. 
29  Aug.,  1862.  Cambridge.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second 
Term. 

GOULD,  Edward  O.  20.  Boxford,  Mass.  Shoemaker 
May,  1861.  Topsfield.  —  Wounded,  25  May,  1862,  at 
Winchester;  discharged  in  consequence,  25  July,  1862. 

GREENE,  Charles  G.  21.  Colebrooke  (N.H.  ?).  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Oakham.  —  Detailed  as  regimental  wagoner, 
8  July,  1861.  Died  of  fever,  30  Jan.,  1862,  at  Frederick, 
Md. 

HALL,  William  H.  18.  Danvers,  Mass.  Seaman.  May, 
1861.  Ipswich.  —  Enlisted  in  Third  United-States  Artil 
lery,  18  Feb.,  1863;  was  appointed  corporal  there. 

HALLET,    Charles    O.       19.     Boston,    Mass May, 

1861.  Brookline.  —  Company  musician,  3  Dec.,  1862,  to 
28  Feb.,  1863;  corporal,  1  July,  1863.  Discharged,  19 
March,  1864,  to  receive  commission  of  second  lieutenant  in 
Fifty-fourth  Massachusetts,  commission  dated  4  Feb.,  1864  ; 
first  lieutenant,  10  Feb.,  1865 ;  afterwards  captain  in  the 
One  Hundred  and  Second  United-States  Colored  Troops. 
24 


370      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

HANCOCK,  Charles  P.  28.  Bellingham,  Mass.  Bootmaker. 
24  July,  1862.  Bellingham.  —  Died  of  dysentery,  22  Jan., 
1863,  at  Frederick,  Md. 

HARTT,  John  T.  25.  On  the  ocean.  Blacksmith.  14 
Aug.,  18G2.  Lynn.  —  Detailed  as  regimental  blacksmith, 
11  Jan.-,  1863,  to  18  Jan.',  1863;  company  musician,  9 
March,  1863.  Re-enlisted. —  See  Second  Term. 

HASKELL,  George  W.  21.  Bridgewater,  Mass.  Teamster. 
May,  1861.  Lynn.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  11  April, 
1863;  died  soon  after. 

HAYES,  George  E.  19.  Gorham,  Me.  Painter.  May, 
1861.  Cambridge.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  9  Jan. 
1863. 

HEALD,  William  H.  24.  Boston,  Mass.  Tinsmith.  May, 
1861.  Hubbardston.  —  Died  of  typhoid  pneumonia,  17 
Dec.,  1861,  at  Baltimore,  Md. 

HEY  WOOD,  Theodore  A.  19.  Gardner,  Mass.  Chair- 
maker.  May,  1861.  Gardner.  —  Mustered  out  28  May, 
1864. 

HIGGINS,  Henry  H.  26.  Chesterfield,  N.H.  Turner. 
May,  1861.  Boylston. — Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862, 
at  Winchester ;  returned  to  duty,  August,  1863.  Mustered 
out  28  May,  1864. 

HOWES,  Edwin  A.  26.  Chatham,  Mass.  Ship-carpenter. 
May,  1861.  Essex.  —  Corporal,  May,  1861,  to  23  April, 
1862 ;  sergeant,  2  June,  1862.  Appointed  commissary- 
sergeant,  8  Dec.,  1862.  —  See  Non-commissioned  Staff. 

HUNT,  Horace.     26.     Salem,  Mass.     School-teacher.     May, 

1861.  Athol. —  Detailed  as  commissary's  clerk,  16  July, 
1861  ;  detached  as  brigade-commissary's  clerk,  21   April, 

1862.  Died  of  consumption,  in  1864,  at  Athol,  Mass. 
HUNTING,    Eli.       25.       Hubbardston,    Mass.       Chairmaker. 

May,  1861.  Hubbardston. —  Corporal,  May,  1861,  to  8 
July,  1861,  when  detached  as  hospital  attendant.  Absent 
as  hospital  attendant,  28  May,  1864,  when  mustered  out. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  371 

JRPSON,  Samuel  L.  21.  Berwick,  Me.  Shoemaker.  May, 
1861.  Ipswich.  —  Corporal,  May,  1861,  to  15  Feb.,  1862  ; 
sergeant,  5  March,  1862.  Wounded  in  leg,  17  Sept.,  1862," 
at  Antietam ;  returned  to  duty,  10  March,  1863.  Re- 
enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term.  . 

KENDALL,  Webster  A.  20.  Gardner,  Mass.  Farmer. 
May,  1861.  Gardner.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

KIEUNAN,  Charles.  18.  Malone,  N.Y.  Farmer.  May, 
1861.  Wenham.  —  Wounded  in  breast,  3  July,  1863,  at 
Gettysburg ;  died  in  consequence,  13  July,  1863,  at  Gettys 
burg. 

LAKE,  Charles  H.  22.  Topsfield,  Mass.  Farmer.  May, 
1861.  Topsfield. —  Discharged,  to  receive  appointment  of 
hospital  steward,  15  Nov.,  1863. 

LANG,  Thomas.  19.  Topsfield,  Mass.  Teamster.  May, 
1861.  Gloucester.  —  Detached  to  gunboat  on  the  Missis 
sippi,  14  Feb.,  1862. 

LARRABEE,  Francis.  26.  Lynn,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  May, 
1861.  Lynn.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

LARRABEE,  William  H.  28.  Lynn,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Lynn.  —  Detached  as  attendant  in  corps 
hospital,  20  May,  1863,  to  14  Aug.,  1863.  Mustered  out 
28  May,  1864. 

LAWRENCE,  Jairus.  19.  Bellingham,  Mass.  Bootmaker. 
24  July,  1862.  Bellingham.  —  Discharged  for  disability, 
15  Jan.,  1863. 

LEWIS,  Warren  E.  24.  Saugus,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  16 
Oct.,  1861.  Lynn.  — Wounded  in  ankle,  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville ;  discharged  in  consequence,  1  Oct.,  1863. 

LINSCOTT,  John  F.  29.  Alfred,  Me.  Blacksmith.  May, 
1861.  Biddeford,  Me.  —  Blacksmith.  15  July,  1861. 
Detached  to  division  ammunition  train,  .  .  .  1862.  Mus 
tered  out  28  May,  1864. 

LOVEJOY,  William  S.  (L  ?).  29.  South  Danvers,  Mass. 
Carpenter.  May,  1861.  ...  — Corporal,  May,  1861. 
Discharged  for  disability,  6  July,  1861. 


372      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

MACINTIRE,  George  G.  18.  North  Heading,  Mass.  Shoe 
maker.  May,  1861.  North  Reading.  —  Discharged  for 
disability,  25  Sept.,  1861. 

MADDEN,   Harry   O.     19.      Quincy,    111.      Farmer.      May, 

1861.  Watertown.  —  Corporal,    30    Dec.,    1862.       Dis 
charged  for  disability,  22  April,  1863. 

MARSH,  Edward,  jr.      25.      Marblehead,  Mass.      Seaman. 

May,   1861.     Swampscott.  —  Corporal,    May,   1861,  to    1 

July,  1863.     Color  corporal,  4  July,  1862,  to  1  July,  1863. 

Wounded  in  shoulder,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain  ; 

returned  to  duty,  26  Oct.,  1862.     Mustered  out  28  May, 

1864. 
MARSHALL,  Joseph  T.     31.      New   York    City.      Seaman. 

22  May,  1861.     New  irork.  —  Deserted  20  June,  1861. 
MARTIN,  James.    32.    Portland,  Me.    Shoemaker.     14  Sept., 

1862.  Lynn.  —  Wounded  in  hand,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chan- 
cellorsville ;  returned  to  duty,   16  May,   1863.     Mustered 
out  28  May,  1864. 

MARTIN,  Solomon.    35.    Portland,  Me.     Silk-printer.    May, 

1861.      Lynn.  —  First  sergeant,   May,   1861.      Killed  in 

action,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam. 
MAYALL,  John  C.     19.     Emngham,  N.H.     Spinner.     May, 

1861.     Ipswich.  —  Discharged,  alleging  that  he  had    not 

been  sworn  in,  4  Aug.,  1861. 
McDAViTT,  Philip.     19.    Ireland.     Shoemaker.     May,  1861. 

Lynn. — Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 
MCDOWELL,  Thomas.      20.     Bellingham,   Mass.      Farmer. 

24   July,    1862.     Bellingham.  —  Mustered   out   28    May, 

1864. 
McLAY,  John.     19.     Sydney,    N.S.     Mason.     May,    1861. 

East  Boston.  —  Enlisted   in    United-States    Artillery,   15 

Feb.,  1863. 
MERRITT,  John   R.     19.     Marblehead,  Mass.     Shoemaker. 

23  Oct.,    1861.      Swampscott.  —  Company   musician,    28 
Feb.,  1863.     Mustered  out  17  Oct.,  1864. 

MOORE,  Ephraim  W.     20.     Orleans,  Mass.      Chairmaker. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  373 

May,  1861.  .  .  .  — Wounded  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar 
Mountain ;  was  left  in  Culpepper,  upon  the  evacuation,  18 
Aug.,  1862,  and  died  there. 

MORRISSEY,  John.  18.  Bangor,  Me.  Servant.  May,  1861. 
South  Boston.  —  Wounded  in  head,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar 
Mountain;  returned  to  duty,  4  Nov.,  1862.  Killed  in 
action,  15  May,  1864,  at  Resaca. 

MULHOLLAND,  James.  19.  St.  Johns,  N.B.  Confectioner. 
May,  1861.  St.  Johns,  N.B.  —  Taken  prisoner  (in  hospi 
tal),  20  Aug.,  1862,  at  Little  Washington,  Va. ;  returned 
to  duty  19  Dec.,  1862.  Mustered  out  28  July,  1864. 

NESBITT,  Alonzo  H.  19.  Swampscott,  Mass.  Fisherman. 
May,  1861.  Swampscott.  —  Enlisted  in  United-States 
Artillery,  15  Feb.,  1863. 

NEWHALL,  Horace  O.     19.     Saugus,  Mass.     Clerk.     May, 
1861.     Lynn.  —  Sergeant,  May,  1861,  to  June,  1861.- 
Company  musician,  June,  1861,  to  .  .  .  1861.      Mustered 
out  28  May,  1864. 

NORWOOD,  Alonzo.  26.  Lynnfield,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Lynn.  —  Corporal,  18  March,  1862.  Absent 
in  hospital,  28  May,  1864,  when  mustered  out.  Re-en 
listed  in  Veteran  Reserve  Corps. 

OSBORN,  John.  19.  Hopkinton,  Mass.  Law-student.  May, 
1861.  Hopkinton.  —  Wounded  in  ankle  and  in  ...  25 
May,  1862,  at  Winchester;  discharged  in  consequence,  31 
Dec.,  1862. 

PARKER,  Alfred  R.  20.  Hubbardston,  Mass.  Hostler. 
May,  1861.  .  .  .  -Corporal,  28  Dec.,  1863.  Re-en 
listed.  —  See  Second  Term. 

PARKER,  Stephen  S.  19.  Hubbardston,  Mass.  Farmer. 
May,  1861.  Hubbardston.  —  Corporal,  8  July,  1861  ; 
sergeant,  30  Dec.,  1862.  Wounded  in  thigh,  3  July,  1863, 
at  Gettysburg.  Absent  in  hospital  28  May,  1864,  when 
mustered  out. 

PARKER,  Thomas  S.  23.  Boston,  Mass.  Clerk.  May, 
1861.  South  Gardner.  —  Taken  prisoner,  3  July,  1863,  at 


374  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

Gettysburg;  returned  to  duty,  Nov.,  1863.  Mustered  out 
28  May,  1864. 

PHELPS,  Leander  W.  .30.  Walpole,  N.H.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Athol.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  30  May, 
1863. 

PHILLIPS,  Erwin  T.  23.  Boxford,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Topsfield.  — Wounded,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at 
Antietam ;  returned  to  duty,  April,  1864.  Mustered  out 
28  May,  1864. 

PICKERING,  Asa.  21.  Bellingham,  Mass.  Teamster.  24 
July,  1862.  Bellingham.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second 
Term. 

PIERCE,  Ivory  W.  M.  23.  Sanford,  Me.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Lynn.  —  Corporal',  9  April,  1863.  Wounded 
(sabre-cut),  24  May,  1862,  near  Kernstown,  Va. ;  re 
turned  to  duty,  .  .  .  1862.  Wounded  in  leg,  17  Sept., 
1862,  at  Antietam  ;  returned  to  duty,  11  Oct.,  1862.  Mus 
tered  out  28  May,  1864. 

PIXNEY,  James.  19.  Nottingham,  Eng.  Cabinet-maker. 
May,  1861.  South  Dedham.  — Wounded  3  July,  1863,  at 
Gettysburg.  Absent  in  hospital,  28  May,  1864,  when  mus 
tered  out. 

POWERS,  Lorenzo  J.  18.  Gardner,  Mass.  -Carpenter. 
May,  1861.  South  Gardner.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May, 

1862,  at  Winchester,  and  paroled;  returned  to  duty,  19 
Dei.-.,   1862.      Wounded  in  ankle   (amputation),   9  June, 

1863,  at   Beverly  Ford;    discharged  in  consequence,   22 
Jan.,  1864. 

RATE,  Alexander  H.  32.  Glasgow,  Scotland.  Engine- 
driver.  May,  1861.  Manchester,  N.H. —  Company  musi 
cian,  May,  1861,  to  Aug.,  1861.  Sergeant,  24  Aug.,  1861. 
Deserted  28  Aug.,  1861;  brought  back  29  Oct.,  1861. 
Deserted  again,  November,  1861. 

RICHARDS,  Charles  F.  36.  West  Roxbury,  Mass.  Black 
smith.  May,  1861.  Roxbury.  —  Detached  as  blacksmith 
to  division  ambulance  corps,  21  Oct.,  1862.  Mustered  out 
28  May,  1864. 


THE    ENLISTED   MEN.  375 

RICHARDSON,  Delavan.  21.  Athol,  Mass.  Machinist. 
May,  1861.  Athol.  —  Corporal,  24  Oct.,  1862.  Wounded 
in  hand,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville  ;  returned  to 
duty,  16  May,  1863.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

SHAUGHNESSY,  Michael.  20.  St.  Andrews,  N.B.  Car 
penter.  May,  1861.  South  Boston.  —  Wounded  25  May, 

1862,  at  Winchester,  taken  prisoner,  and  paroled ;  never 
returned;  dropped  as  deserter,  July,  1863. 

SLOCUM,  Hazard  P.  40.  Tolland,  Mass.  Teamster.  24 
July,  1862.  Bellingham.  —  Died  of  dysentery,  19  March, 

1863,  at  Frederick,  Md. 

SMITH,  George  E.  18.  Portland,  Me.  Teamster.  May, 
1861.  Cape  Elizabeth,  Me.  —  Enlisted  in  United-States 
Artillery,  15  Feb.,  1863. 

SMITH,  Hubbard  V.  18.  Shutesbury,  Mass.  Painter. 
May,  1861.  Athol.  —  Wounded  in  side,  25  May,  1862,  at 
Winchester,  taken  prisoner,  and  paroled.  Discharged  in 
consequence  of  wounds,  29  Dec.,  1862. 

SMITH,  William  H.  21.  Dorchester,  Mass.  Farmer.  May, 
1861.  East  Cambridge. —  Detached  to  Third  Ujiited- 
States  Artillery,  14  Feb.,  1863;  transferred  16  Feb., 
1863. 

STATEN,  William  H.  19.  Gloucester,  Mass.  Farmer. 
May,  1861.  Ipswich.  —  Corporal,  11  April,  1862.  Re- 
enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

STEELE,  Charles  H.  18.  Holden,  Ma*s.  Bar-tender.  May, 
1861.  Holden.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  25  Sept.,  1861. 

STONE,  Addison  D.  18.  Swampscott,  Mass.  Fisherman. 
May,  1861.  Swampscott.  —  Dropped  from  the  rolls,  24 
March,  1864;  transferred  to  regular  battery.  , 

TODD,  Thomas  M.  22.  Rowley,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  May, 
1861 .  Ipswich.  —  Detached  to  gunboat  on  the  Mississippi, 
February,  1862. 

TOWNS  END,  Edward  L.  23.  Athol,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Athol.  —  Enlisted  in  Third  United-Slates 
Artillery,  15  Feb.,  1863. 


376      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

TYLER,  Colraan  J.  18.  Canaan,  N.H.  Watchmaker. 
May,  1861.  Ipswich. —  Company  musician,  .  .  .  1861,  to 
.  .  .  1862.  Detailed  as  attendant  in  hospital,  3  March, 
1863,  to  20  March,  1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

VOSE,  Edwin  O.  18.  Royalston,  Mass.  Factory  opera 
tive.  May,  1861.  Royalston. —  Wounded,  25  May,  1862, 
at  Winchester;  died  in  consequence,  25  June,  1862,  at 
Winchester. 

WHIPPLE,  Alfred  P.    23.    Richmond,  N.H.    Farmer.    May, 

1861.  Gardner.  —  Appointed   marker,  2   Oct.,   1862,  to 
.  .  .  1863.     Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

WHITNEY,  Jared  P.      20.      Fitzwilliam,  N.H.      Teamster. 

May,  1861.     Templeton.— Deserted  15  Sept.,  1862. 
WHITTAKER,  Edward  F.     33.     Rochester,  Vt.    Chairmaker. 

May,  1861.    Gardner.  —  Sergeant,  May,  1861.    Discharged 

for  disability,  18  March,  1862. 
WILKINS,  Moses  D.      35.      Wareham,  Mass.     Shoemaker. 

May,  1861.    Wenham.  —  Injured  during  skirmish,  1  April, 

1862,  between  Strasburg  and  Edenburg,  Va. ;   discharged 
in  consequence,  5  June,  1862. 

WILLIAMS,  James  M.      20.      Lynn,  Mass.     Clerk.     May, 

1861.  Lynn.  —  Sergeant,  May,  1862.    Wounded,  25  May, 

1862,  at  Winchester;    died  in  consequence,  27  May,  1862, 
at  Winchester. 


COMPANY    G. 

ALLEN,  James.  25.  Newry,  Ireland.  Tailor.  May,  1861. 
New  York.  —  Detached  to  Fourth  United-States  Artillery, 
8  April,  1862.  Wounded,  24  May,  1862,  near  Stras 
burg,  Va.,  taken  prisoner,  and  paroled.  Discharged  in 
consequence  of  wounds,  19  Dec.,  1862. 

ALLEY,  Benjamin  L.  34.  Lynn,  Mass.  Crier.  May, 
1861.  Lynn.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Win- 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  377 

Chester;  returned  to  duty,  23  Oct.,  1862.  Detached  to 
division  ambulance  corps,  29  Oct.,  1863.  Mustered  out  28 
May,  1864. 

ANDREAVS,  William.  23.  N  .  .  .  N.Y.  •  Morocco-dresser. 
May,  1861.  South  Danvers.  —  Sergeant,  May,  1861,  to 
20  July,  1861 ;  and  again,  9  June,  1862.  Killed  in  action, 
9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain. 

BALDWIN,  John  D.  S.     18.     Nashua,  N.H.    Scholar.    May, 

1861.  Lowell.  —  Company  musician,  May,  1861,  to   13 
Sept.,  1861,  when  detached  as  adjutant's  orderly;    again 
company   musician,    26    Oct.,    1862.     Taken  prisoner,  25 
May,   1862,   at  Winchester;    returned  to  duty,  26   Oct., 

1862.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second   Term. 

BARRY,  Thomas.     24.     Fermoy,  Ireland.     Laborer.     May, 

1861.      Marblehead.  —  Transferred  to  Invalid   Corps,   25 

June,  1863. 
BASSETT,   Addison.      23 May,   1861. 

Indian  Orchard.  —  Deserted  June,  1861. 
BEDELL,   Francis   B.     19.     Brooklyn,  N.Y.      Bookkeeper. 

24  July,  1862.     Boston.  —  Killed  in  action,  3  May,  1863, 

at  Chancellorsville. 
BILLINGS,  James  D.     35.     Canton,  Mass.     Farmer.      May, 

1861.  Quincy.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Win 
chester;  discharged  for  disability,  4  Feb.,  1863. 

BLANCHARD,  William  J.  18.  Mexico,  Me.  Farmer. 
May,  1861.  Hanover,  Me.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May, 

1862,  at  Winchester;   exchanged,   November,   1862,  but 
never  returned  to  duty.     Dropped  from  the  rolls,  17  Oct., 
1862  (State  rolls  say  "disability"). 

BOHONAN,  Carlos  E.  35.  Washington,  Vt.  Hack- 
driver.  10  Oct.,  1862.  Boston.  —  Corporal,  1  Oct.,  1863. 
Wounded  in  hand,  15  May,  1864,  at  Resaca.  Mustered 
out  28  May,  1864. 

BOSTON,  Edward.  22.  Fairfield,  Me.  Carpenter.  May, 
1861.  South  Boston.  —  Detailed  as  company  cook,  6 
Aug.,  1861.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 


378      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Bos  WORTH,  Orin  W.  25.  Plymouth,  Mass.  Mason.  14 
Aug.,  1862.  Plymouth.  —  Wounded,  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville.  Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  31  Oct., 
1863. 

BROOKINGS,  Samuel  H.  18.  Boston,  Mass.  Painter.  25 
July,  1862.  Winchester.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  31 
Oct.,  1862. 

BURNHAM,  George  H.  18.  West  Cambridge,  Mass.  Butcher. 
May,  1861.  Winchester.  —  Detached,  in  1862,  as  hos 
pital  steward  in  Baltimore.  Absent  28  May,  1864,  when 
mustered  out. 

BURNHAM,  Mellen  P.  21.  Gilead,  Me.  Machinist.  21 
July,  1862.  Winchester.  —  Wounded  in  thigh,  3  July, 
1863,  at  Gettysburg.  Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  1  July, 
1864. 

BURNS,  Andrew  J.  23.  Boston,  Mass.  Sailor May, 

1861.  Boston.  An  "  old  man-of-war's  man."  —  Sergeant, 
May,  1861,  to  6  Feb.,  1862.  Detached  to  gunboat  on  the 
Mississippi,  18  Feb.,  1862,  and  deserted  while  on  the  way 
thkher. 

CALLANAN,  John.  24.  Cork,  Ireland.  Bootmaker.  May, 
1861.  Weymouth.  —  Wounded  in  .  .  .  9  Aug.,  1862,  at 
Cedar  Mountain.  Taken  prisoner,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chan 
cellorsville  ;  returned  to  duty,  10  Oct.,  1863.  Mustered 
out  28  May,  1864. 

CAREY,  Ephraim.  26.  Brookfield,  Mass.  Farmer.  May, 
1861.  West  Brookfield.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  June, 
1861. 

CARLL,  Alonzo  W.  19.  Waterboro',  Me.  Scholar.  May, 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Company  musician,  May,  1861  ;  ap 
pointed  principal  musician,  1  July,  1863.  —  See  Non-com 
missioned  Staff. 

CARROLL,  Thomas  S.  18.  Macclesfield,  England.  Ma 
chinist.  May,  1861.  Chicopee.  Taken  prisoner,  25 
May,  1862,  at  Winchester.  Dropped  from  the  rolls,  17 
Oct.,  1862  (State  rolls  say  "disability"). 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  379 

CLARK,  James  H.     19.     Easthampton,  Mass.     Blacksmith. 

May,  1861.     Easthampton.  —  Died  of  typhoid  fever,  14 

Aug.,  1863,  at  Fairfax  Seminary,  Va. 
COGGINS,  John.    20.    Riverstown,  Ireland.    Morocco-dresser. 

May,  1861.     Lowell.  —  Taken  prisoner,  24  March,  1862, 

at  Kernstown,   Va. ;    discharged,  while  paroled  prisoner, 

May,  1862. 
COLES,    George.      21.      Manchester,    England.     Carpenter. 

2  July,  1862.     Boston.  —  Wounded  in   shoulder,  9  Aug., 

1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain;  discharged  in  consequence,  28 

March,  1863. 
COMEY,   Henry    M.     21.      Hopkinton,    Mass.     .  .  .     May, 

1861.  .Hopkinton.  —  Corporal,  2  June,  1862;  sergeant,  1 
Nov.,   1862 ;    promoted  to  be  second  lieutenant,  1   Nov., 

1862.  —  See    Commissioned  Officers. 

CONNOR,   Eugene.      19.      Ireland.      Laborer.     May,   1861. 

Lowell.  —  Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  21  Nov.,  1863. 
COOLEY,   Marius    S.     23.     Springfield,    Mass.     Brakeman. 

14   Aug.,   1862.     Brookline.  —  Wounded   in   shoulder,    3 

May,    1863,    at    Chancellorsville ;    transferred    to    Invalid 

Corps. 
COOK,  Solomon.    21.    Canada.    Blacksmith.    17  Feb.,  1862. 

Springfield.  —  Detailed  as  regimental  wagoner,  February, 

1862.     Wounded  in  leg,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain  ; 

never  returned,  and  dropped  from  the  rolls,  17  Oct.,  1862. 
COWLES,  William  A.     27.      Southbridge,  Mass.      Laborer. 

May,   1861.      Warren.  —  Discharged  for  disability   (from 

accident),  July,  1862. 
CRONIN,  John.    25.    Cork,  Ireland.    Shoemaker.   May,  1861. 

Quincy.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester; 

discharged  for  disability,  17  Oct.,  1862. 
CROUCH,  George  H.     20.     Warren,  Mass.     Butcher.     May, 

1861.      Warren.  —  Discharged    for   disability,    19    Nov., 

1862. 
DANE,  Hiram.    21.    Westford,  Mass.    Painter.    May,  1861. 

Westford.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  23  June,  1862. 


380      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

DANE,  William.  18.  Westford,  Mass.  Farmer.  May,  1861. 
Westford.  —  Killed  in  action,  25  May,  1862,  at  Win 
chester. 

DELAY,  Thomas  A.     20.     Boston,  Mass.     Teamster.     May, 

1861.  Boston.  —  Wounded  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester, 
taken  prisoner,  and  paroled;  returned  to  duty,  19   Dec., 

1862.  Wounded,    3    May,    1863,    at    Chancellorsville ; 
transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  1  Sept.,  1863. 

DILLINGHAM,  Charles.  27.  Brewster,  Mass.  Clerk.  15 
Feb.,  1862.  Chelsea.  —  Wounded,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at 
Cedar  Mountain ;  died  in  consequence,  9  Sept.,  1862,  at 
Alexandria. 

DILLON,  Philip  F.  20.  Boston,  Mass.  Jeweller.  May, 
1861.  Providence,  R.L  —Wounded  in  side,  9  Aug.,  1862, 
at  Cedar  Mountain ;  returned  to  duty,  19  Jan.,  1863. 
Wounded  in  side,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville  4  dis 
charged  in  consequence,  13  Oct.,  1863. 

Dix,  Charles  E.  20.  Germany.  Weaver.  May,  1861. 
South  Hadley  Falls.  —  Corporal,  May,  1861.  Wounded 
in  thigh,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam  ;  discharged  in  jconse- 
quence,  21  May,  1863. 

DOBBINS,  George  R.  19.  Lowell,  Mass.  ...  9  Oct., 
1861.  Lowell.  — Wounded  in  hand,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at 
Cedar  Mountain ;  discharged  in  consequence,  17  Feb., 
1863. 

DOBBINS,  Richard.  18.  Lowell,  Mass.  Boiler-maker.  May, 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  17  Oct.,  1862. 

DRAPER,  William  D.  20.  Wayland,  Mass.  Machinist. 
May,  1861.  Wayland.  —  Corporal,  1  Jan.,  1863.  Taken 
prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester ;  returned  to  duty, 
23  Oct.,  1862.  Wounded  in  knee,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chan- 
cellorsville ;  discharged  in  consequence,  3  Nov.,  1863. 

DRISCOLL,  Michael.  18 18  Oct.,  1861. 

Lowell.  —  Enlisted  in  United-States  Artillery. 

EAGAN,  Daniel.  18.  Somerville,  Mass.  Glass-blower.  30 
June,  1862.  Boston.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  15  Oct., 
1862. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  381 

EATON,  Hiram  A.      21.      Ludlow,  Mass.      Hatter.     May, 

1861.  Southampton.  —  Corporal,  May,  1861,  to   1  July, 

1862.  Died  of  typhoid  fever,  July,  1862,  at  Frederick, 
Md. 

FARRELL,  Edward.    29.    Lowell,  Mass.    Shoemaker.    May, 

1861.  Marblehead.  —  Corporal,  18  May,  1862;  sergeant, 
1  Jan.,  1863,  to   1   Oct.,  1863.     Taken  prisoner,  25   May, 

1862,  at  Winchester;    returned  to  duty,   26   Oct.,   1862. 
Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

FISHER,  Charles  G.  20.  Roxbury,  Mass.  Clerk.  May, 
1861.  Boston.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Win 
chester;  returned  to  duty,  26  Oct.,  1862.  Mustered  out 
28  May,  1864. 

FITCH,  Albert.  18.  Woburn,  Mass.  Farmer.  May,  1861. 
Burlington.  —  Corporal,  1  Nov.,  1861.  Killed  in  action,  3 
May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville. 

FOLEY,  William.     22.     Cork,   Ireland.     Shoemaker.     May, 

1861.  Braintree.  —  Wounded  in  hand,  25  May,  1862,  at 
Winchester;  discharged  for  disability,  26  July,  1863. 

FRENCH,    Henry    P.     21.     Andover,    Mass.     Watchmaker. 

16  June,  1862.      Andover.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See   Second 
Term. 

FULLER,  Harrison  A.  19.  Northampton,  Mass.  Farmer. 
May,  1861.  Indian  Orchard.  —  Dropped  from  the  rolls, 

17  Oct.,  1862.     Enlisted  in  regular  cavalry. 

FURBER,  Joseph.    35.    Westmoreland,  N.H.  (?)    Hack-driver. 

21  Oct.,  1862.     Boston.  —  Killed  in  action,  3  July,  1863, 

at  Gettysburg. 
GILLEEN,    John.     36.      ...    N.Y.      Laborer.      23    June, 

1862.  Lowell.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  24  Oct.,  1862. 
GLENN,  Alexander  B.    25.    Richmond,  Va.    Pattern-finisher. 

21  June,  1862.  Boston.  —  Wounded  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville ;  transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  15  Nov., 
1863. 

GOODBIER,  Robert.  20.  Saxony,  Germany.  Farmer.  May, 
1861.  South  Hadley  Falls.  —  Wounded  in  hand,  25  May, 


382      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

1862,  at  Winchester,  taken  prisoner,  and  paroled.  Dis 
charged  17  Oct.,  1863. 

GOODHIND,  Richard.  18.  Devonshire,  Eng.  Paper-maker. 
May,  1861.  Russell.  — Corporal,  1  April,  1864.  Taken 
prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester;  returned  to  duty, 
19  Dec.,  1862.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

GOVE,  Ira  L.  44.  Montpelier,  Vt.  Cabinet-maker.  May, 
J861.  Winchester.  —  Wagoner,  1  July,  1861.  Discharged 
for  disability,  19  Feb.,  1862. 

GOVE,  Sorell.  32.  Moutpelier,  Vt.  Laborer.  23  July, 
1862.  Winchester.  —  Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  1 
Sept.,  1862. 

GREEN,  Joseph  D.  20.  Petersham,  Mass.  Barber.  15 
May,  1861.  Ware.  —  Transferred,  1  Jan.,  1862,  to  Com 
pany  H,  which  see. 

GREEN,  Martin.     39.     Roxbury,  Mass.     Shoemaker.     May, 

1861.  Melrose.  —  Wounded  in  thigh  and  in  arm,  9  Aug., 

1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain  ;  was  left  at  Culpepper,  17  Aug., 
1862,  in  the  evacuation  of  that  place,  and  undoubtedly 
died. 

HATCH,    Francis    A.     24.     Winchester,   Mass.      Machinist. 

23  July,  1862.     Winchester.  —  Killed  in  action,  9  Aug., 

1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain. 
HAZELTON,  Charles  H.     24.     Boston,  Mass.     Mason.     May, 

1861.  Winchester.  —  Corporal,  Nov.,  1861,  to  30  Dec., 

1862.  Wounded  in  hand,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Moun 
tain  ;     returned  to  duty,  .  .  .  1863.      Mustered   out    28 
May,  1864. 

HOWARD,  Henry  0.     18.     ...    Mass.     Mariner.     26  June, 

1862.     Springfield.  —  Killed  in  action,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at 

Cedar  Mountain. 
HOXSEY,    Henry    C.     26.     Williamstown,   Mass.     Farmer. 

May,  1861.     Williamstown.  —  Killed  in  action,   9   Aug., 

1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain. 
HUBBARD,  John.     28.     Ireland.     Laborer.      7  July,  1862. 

Boston.  —  Dropped  from  the  rolls,  26  July,  1863  (rolls  at 


THE    ENLISTED   MEN.  383 

State  House  say  "  monthly  report  says  '  discharged  for  dis 
ability,  19  July,  1862.'     Killed  at  Cedar  Mountain.") 
HURNEY,  Martin.     21.    Clough,  Ireland.    Bootmaker.    May, 

1861.  Lowell.  — Wounded  in  hand,  25  May,  1862;   dis 
charged  in  consequence,  5  Feb.,  1863. 

JOHNSON,   John   W.     22.      Barre,   Vt.      Grocer.      7   July, 

1862.  Boston. — Term  prolonged.     Discharged,  11   Jan., 
1865,  by  order  of  War  Department. 

JONES,  Edward.  34.  Manchester,  England.  Cabinet 
maker.  May,  1861.  Burlington. —  Taken  prisoner,  25 
May,  1862,  at  Winchester ;  returned  to  duty,  25  Oct.,  1862. 
Died  of  typhoid  pneumonia,  13  Nov.,  1862,  near  Sharps- 
burg,  Md. 

KELLEY,  Frederick.  21 Printer.  May,  1861. 

Boston.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  19  Oct.,  1861. 

KEMP,  Ezekiel.      22.    Hopkinton,  Mass.     Shoemaker.    May, 

1861.  Hopkinton.  —  Corporal,  30  Dec.,  1862  ;    sergeant, 
1  Oct.,  1863.     Wounded  in  wrist,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettys 
burg  ;    returned  to  duty,  1  Sept.,  1863.     Mustered  out  28 
May,  1864. 

KING,  Warren   H.      19.     Monson,  Mass.     ...      13  March, 

1862.  Springfield.  —  Dropped   from   the    rolls,   17   Oct., 
1862. 

KIRBY,  Edward.  21.  Nova  Scotia.  Farmer.  May,  1861. 
Cambridge.  — Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winches 
ter;  returned  to  duty,  23  Oct.,  1862.  Wounded  in  thigh, 
3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg.  Absent  in  hospital,  27  Sept., 
1864,  when  mustered  out. 

KITTREDGE,  Malcolm  G.  26.  Nelson,  N.H.  Painter. 
May,  1861.  Brookline.  —  Killed  in  action,  3  May,  1863, 
at  Chancellors ville. 

LAFLIN,  AVilliam  W.  35.  Charlestown,  Mass.  Track- 
master.  May,  1861.  Warren.  —  Detailed  as  company 
cook,  6  Aug.,  1861,  to  22  Jan.,  1862.  Discharged  for  dis 
ability,  7  July,  1862. 

LAMB,  John.  25.  Roscommon,  Ireland.  Laborer.  May, 
1861.  .  .  .  —Discharged  for  disability,  11  Jan.,  1863. 


384  SECOND    MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTEY. 

LAMB,  Thomas.     28.     Roscommon,  Ireland.    Laborer.    May, 

1861.     Lonsdale  (R.I.  ?)  — Taken  prisoner  at  Winchester? 

25  May,  1862 ;  returned  to  duty,  Oct.,  1862.     Discharged 

for  disability,  29  July,  1863. 
LAWRENCE,  George  C.     42.     Boston,  Mass.     Hair-dresser, 

24  July,  1862.     Winchester.  —  Wounded  in  thigh,  3  July, 

1863,  at    Gettysburg;   transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  .  .   . 

1863. 
LAAVTON,  John.     43.     Limerick,  Ireland.     Carpenter.      12 

Aug.,    1862.       Brodkline.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See    Second 

Term. 
LEAHY,  Daniel.     24.     Coscomley,  Ireland.     Laborer.    May, 

1861.  Boston.  —  Deserted,  Aug.,  1863. 

LECKIE,  Charles  D.     18.     Boston,  Mass.     Clerk.     28  July, 

1862.  Brookline.  —  Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  1  Sept., 
1863. 

LEE,  Patrick.  30.  Connaught,  Ireland.  Laborer.  May, 
1861.  Marblehead.  —  Deserted  18  Feb.,  1863,  while  hav 
ing  a  pass  to  visit  Washington. 

LINFEST,  James  H.  34.  ...  Me.  Ship-carpenter.  18 
Oct.,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  1  July, 
1862. 

LINFIELD,  Jonathan.  21.  Stoughton,  Mass.  Machinist. 
May,  1861.  Canton.  —  Wounded,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Ce 
dar  Mountain ;  discharged  in  consequence,  1  July,  1863. 

LYNCH,  James  R.  25.  Halifax,  N.S.  Stone-cutter.  May, 
1861.  Boston.  —  Corporal,  May,  1861 ;  sergeant,  1  Nov., 
1861.  Died  of  typhoid  fever,  29  May,  1862,  at  Williams- 
port,  Md. 

MADDEN,  Amos  L.  18.  Milford,  Mass.  Farmer.  May, 
1861.  Milford.  —  Corporal,  3  July,  1863,  "for  gallantry 
in  action ; "  and  color-corporal  same  day.  Wounded  in 
neck,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain;  returned  to  duty, 
10  Oct.,  1862.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

MALLARD,  Levi  W.  31.  Tuftonborough,  N.H.  Cord- 
wainer.  May,  1861.  Lynn.  —  Corporal,  July,  1861; 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  385 

color-corporal,  4  July,  1862;  sergeant,  1  Nov.,  1862,  to  30 
Dec.,  1862,  when  returned  to  the  ranks  at  his  own  request, 
on  account  of  ill-health.  Discharged  for  disability,  30 
March,  1863. 

MANNION,  John.  27.  Queenstown,  Ireland.  Laborer. 
May,  1861.  Wareham. —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862, 
at  Winchester;  returned  to  duty,  26  Oct.,  1862.  Wounded, 
3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellors ville  ;  returned  to  duty,  28 
July,  1863.  Discharged  for  disability,  30  Sept.,  1863. 

MARSH,  Allen  A.  20.  Coleraine,  Mass.  Tailor.  May, 
1861.  South  Adams.  —  Wounded  in  shoulder  (by  shell), 
25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester,  taken  prisoner,  and  paroled  ; 
dropped  from  the  rolls,  17  Oct.,  1862. 

MAYNARD,  Charles  E.  32.  Ashburnham,  Mass.  Brake- 
man.  14  Aug.,  1862.  Brookline.  —  Discharged  for  dis 
ability,  18  Feb.,  1863. 

MCCARTHY,  John.  19.  Lee,  Mass.  Farmer.  May,  1861. 
Lee. —  Detailed  as  regimental  wagoner,  20  Oct.,  1861. 
Enlisted  in  Fourth  United-States  Artillery,  27  Oct.,  1862. 

McCROHAN,  Daniel.  22.  Tralee,  Ireland.  Servant.  May, 
1861.  Holyoke.  —  Wounded,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar 
Mountain.  Enlisted  in  United-States  Cavalry,  29  Dec., 
1862. 

McDERMOTT,  John.  19.  Halifax,  N.S.  Painter.  May, 
1861.  South  Boston.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

MCDONALD,  Charles  A.  26.  Chatham,  N.B.  Currier,, 
May,  1861.  North  Woburn.  —  Corporal,  May,  1861; 
sergeant,  5  Jan.,  1862  ;  first  sergeant,  1  Nov.,  1862,  to  19 
April,  1863,  when  made  second  sergeant;  first  sergeant 
again,  17  July,  1863,  to  1  Oct.,  1863.  Mustered  out  28, 
May,  1864. 

MEYER,  Henry    G.      43.       Bokenhein,    Germany.     Barber.. 
5   Aug.,    1862.     Boston.  —  A  corporal  in   European   ser 
vice.     Wounded  in  abdomen,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg ; 
not  disabled.     Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 
25 


386  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

Mo  OAR,  Charles  A.  23.  Ipswich,  Mass.  Student.  13 
Aug.,  1862.  Ipswich.  —  Corporal,  1  Oct.,  1803.  Mus 
tered  out  28  May,  1864. 

MORIARTY,  Dennis.  38.  Kilkenny,  Ireland.  Stone-cutter. 
May,  1861.  Quincy.  —  Died  of  typhoid  fever,  3  April, 
1862,  at  Quincy,  Mass.,  while  on  furlough. 

MORSE,  Eleazar.  40.  Rutland,  Mass.  Farmer.  May, 
1861.  West  Medway.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  5 
March,  1864. 

NELSOX,  John  F.  24.  Lowell,  Mass.  Carpenter.  May, 
1861.  Lynn.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Win 
chester;  returned  to  duty,  23  Oct.,  1862.  Wounded,  3 
May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville  ;  returned  to  duty,  1  July, 
1863  ;  wounded  in  hand,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg.  Ab 
sent  in  hospital,  28  May,  1864,  when  mustered  out. 

NICHOLS,  Alpheus  0.  29.  Burlington,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Burlington.  —  Detailed  as  regimental  wag 
oner,  20  Aug.,  1861 ;  detached  to  division  ambulance  corps, 
16  Oct.,  1862.  Discharged  for  disability,  16  Jan.,  1863. 

NOBLE,  Robert  R.  20.  Williamstown,  .Mass.  Student. 
May,  1861.  Williamstown.  —  Sergeant,  May,  1861.  Dis 
charged  for  disability,  18  Aug.,  1861. 

O'CoNNELL,  Andrew.  33.  Kenmare,  Ireland.  Laborer. 
May,  1861.  Quincy.  —  Dropped  from  the  rolls,  26  July, 
1863  ("  discharged  by  order."  —  Adj.  Gen.). 

O'CoNNELL,  Maurice.  28.  Kenmare,  Ireland.  Bootmaker. 
May,  1861.  Quincy.  —  Dropped  from  the  rolls,  26  July, 
1863  ("discharged  by  order."  —  Adj.  Gen.). 

OTTO,  Frank.  24.  Saxony.  Weaver.  May,  1861.  South 
Hadley. —  Corporal,  1  Nov.,  1861,  to  1  Jan.,  1864;  trans 
ferred  to  Veteran  Reserve  Corps,  1  Jan.,  1864. 

PAGE,  Theophilus  F.  18.  Woburn,  Mass.  Currier.  May, 
1861.  North  Woburn.  —  Corporal,  May,  1861  ;  sergeant, 
18  May,  1862.  Wounded  in  hand,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar 
Mountain  ;  discharged  in  consequence,  26  Jan.,  1863. 
Became  second  lieutenant  in  the  Twenty-eighth  Massa 
chusetts. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  387 

PALMER,  Azro.  22.  Dickinson,  N.Y.  Carpenter.  May, 
1861.  Dickinson,  N.Y. —  Discharged  for  disability,  17 
Oct.,  1862. 

PARKER,  Alvah  J.  23.  Peterboro',  N.H.  Machinist. 
May,  1861.  Peterboro',  N.H.  —  "Wounded  in  arm  (ampu 
tated),  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain;  discharged  in 
consequence,  11  Sept.,  1862. 

PARKER,  Charles   A Oct.,  1861.  Lowell. 

Absent  in  hospital,  15  Oct.,  1864,  when  mustered  out. 
PATIO,    Timothy.      28.      Billerica,  Mass.      Farmer.     May, 
1861.     Burlington.  — Wounded  in  breast,  3  July,  1863,  at 
Gettysburg.      Absent   in  hospital,   28   May,   1864,  when 
mustered  out. 

PECK,  Chauncy.    20.    Hawley,  Mass.    Farmer.    May,  1861. 
Warren.  —  Killed  in  action,  24  May,  1862,  near  Kerns- 
town,  Va. 
PECK,    Philo    H.      18.      Hawley,  Mass.      Laborer.      May, 

1861.  Warren. —  Hospital   attendant,  1861,  to  13  April, 

1862.  Killed  in  action,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg. 
PENTLAND,  William  J.     26.    Boston,  Mass.    Painter.   May, 

1861.  South  Boston.  —  Detached  as  post  mail  agent,  20 
March,  1863,  to  May,   1863.     Taken   prisoner,   25   May, 

1862,  at   Winchester;    returned  to  duty,  24  Oct.,  1862. 
Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

POWERS,  Albert  W.  20.  Warren,  Mass.  Salesman.  15 
May,  1861.  Warren.  —  Corporal,  May,  1861;  sergeant, 
May,  1861.  Transferred,  20  Dec.,  1861,  to  Company  H., 
which  see. 

PURCELL,  James.    27.    Dublin,  Ireland.    Shoemaker.    May, 

1861.  Natick.  —  Corporal,  12  Feb.,  1862;  color-corporal, 
15  Jan.,  1863.     Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Win 
chester;  returned  to  duty,  23  Oct.,  1862.     Killed  in  action, 
3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellors ville,  while  color-corporal. 

REMICK,  Prescott.  21.  Gardiner,  Me.  Bootmaker.  20 
March,  1862.  Boston.  —  Wounded  in  breast,  17  Sept., 

1862,  at  Antietam;   died  in  consequence,  2  Oct.,  1862,  at 
Frederick,  Md. 


388      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

RICHARDSON,  Jesse.  22.  Winchester,  Mass.  Clerk.  8 
July,  1862.  Winchester.  —  Corporal,  29  Nov.,  1862; 
first  sergeant,  1  Oct.,  1863.  Wounded  in  head,  3  July, 
1863,  at  Gettysburg;  returned  to  duty,  1  Sept.,  1863. 
Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

RICHARDSON,  Moses  P.  25.  Woburn,  Mass.  Farmer. 
May,  1861.  Winchester.  —  Corporal,  9  Jan.,  1862;  ser- 
geaut,  12  Feb.,  1862;  first  sergeant,  19  April,  1863. 
Wounded  in  leg,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain;  re 
turned  to  duty,  26  Oct.,  1862.  Wounded  in  arm  and 
side,  17  Sept.,  1862;  returned  to  duty,  July,  1863.  Ap 
pointed  sergeant-major,  17  July,  1863.  —  See  Non-com 
missioned  Staff. 

ROOT,  Warner  A.  19.  Vernon,  Vt.  Clerk.  11  May, 
1861.  South  Hadley  Falls.  —  Appointed  company  clerk, 
18  Jan.,  1862  ;  detailed  as  acting  hospital  steward,  17  Nov., 
1862;  appointed  hospital  steward,  16  Feb.,  1863.  —  See 
Non-commissioned  Staff". 

SAWYER,  Jonas  H.  26.  Sidney,  Me.  Hack-driver.  10 
Oct.,  1862.  Boston.  —  Wounded  in  leg  (broken),  3  May, 
1863,  at  Chancellorsville,  and  taken  prisoner;  never  re 
turned  to  regiment.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

SCANNELL,  James.     26.     Croome,  Ireland.     Laborer.    May, 

1861.  Quincy.  — Wounded  in  foot,  25  May,  1862,  at  Win 
chester,  taken   prisoner  and  paroled.     Discharged  in  con 
sequence  of  wound,  22  April,  1863. 

SHARON,  Joseph   D.      29.      Boston,   Mass.      Wheelwright. 

23    July,    1862.      Winchester.  —  Mustered  out   28   May, 

1864. 
SMITH,   George  A.     18.     Springfield,  Mass.      Laborer.     17 

Feb.,  1862.  —  Springfield.  —  Wounded  in  shoulder,  9  Aug., 

1862,  at  Cedar   Mountain  ;    died  in  consequence,  29  Oct., 
1862,  at  Washington,  D.C. 

SOUTHACK,  George  P.  21.  Boston,  Mass.  Soldier.  May, 
1861.  Boston.  —  A  soldier  in  United-States  army  in 
Utah.  First  sergeant,  May,  1861,  to  9  May,  1862. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  389 

t 

Wounded   in   arm,    9    Aug.,   1862.  at   Cedar    Mountain; 
transferred  to  Invalid  Corps. 

SPENCER,  Lorenzo  D.  32.  Tyringham,  Mass.  Paper- 
maker.  May,  1861.  Russell.  —  Corporal,  May,  1861,  to 

1  July,    1862 ;    detached    as   clerk   to    division    ordnance 
department,  9  Aug.,  1861.     Discharged  for  disability,  20 
Oct.,  1862. 

SPRAGUE,    George   W.      18.      Deerfield,  Mass.      Laborer. 

May,  1861.     North  Adams.  —  Deserted  19  Aug.,  1862. 
STEVENS,  Alfred.     21.     Charlestown,  Mass.     Farmer.    May, 

1861.     Warren. —  Died  of  typhoid  fever,  8  April,   1862, 

at  Frederick,  Md. 
STONE,  Roswell  L.     21.     Warren,  Mass.     Laborer.     May, 

1861.  Warren.  —  Wounded  in  groin,  9    Aug.,    1862,   at 
Cedar   Mountain;    discharged  in   consequence,  9    March, 
1863. 

TEBBETS,   Charles  W.   (M.?).     31.     Bath,  Me.     Engineer. 

21   Oct.,    1862.      Boston.  —  Discharged   for   disability,    4 

March,  1863. 
TENNEY,   Michael.     27 Sailor.     May,    1861. 

Marblehead.  —  Corporal,  1  Nov.,  1861  ;  sergeant,  30  Dec., 

1862.  Wounded  in  leg,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville ; 
returned  to  duty,  17  Dec.,  1863.     Mustered  out  28  May, 
1864. 

THOMAS,  Charles  W.  21.  Boston,  Mass.  Salesman.  26  July, 
1862.  Boston.  —  Corporal,  30  Dec.,  1862;  sergeant,! 
Jan.,  1863  ;  promoted  to  be  second  lieutenant.  —  See  Com 
missioned  Officers. 

THOMPSON,  Alfred  J.      24.      Coleraine,  Ireland.     Laborer 

2  July,  1861.     Boston.— Mustered  out,  28  May,  1864. 
TIFFANY,  Owen.      20.      Ireland.      Bootmaker.     May,  1861. 

Warren.  —  Wounded  in  side  and  arm,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at 
Antietam  ;  discharged  in  consequence,  13  April,  1863. 
TOAL,  John.  35.  Dundalk,  Ireland.  Bootmaker.  May, 
1861.  Quincy.  —  Wounded  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester, 
and  taken  prisoner;  returned  to  duty,  19  Dec.,  1862. 
Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 


390      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

WALCOTT,  George  K.  18.  Brighton,  Mass.  Painter. 

May,  1861 — Discharged  for  disability,  June, 

18*61. 

WATSON,  Gerando  ,J.  21.  Winchester,  Mass.  Farmer. 
21  July,  1862.  Winchester.  —  Previously  in  the  Twenty- 
second  Massachusetts.  Discharged  for  disability,  30  Nov., 
1862. 

WELCH,  William.  38.  Cork,  Ireland.  Bootmaker.  May, 
1861.  South  Braintree.  —  Detailed  as  company  cook,  23 
Jan.,  1862.  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winches^ 
ter  ;  returned  to  duty,  October,  1862.  Discharged  for  dis 
ability,  31  Jan.,  1863. 

WHEATON,  Daniel  H.  21.  Machias,  Me.  Sailor.  May, 
1861.  Machias,  Me.  —  Detached  to  gunboat  on  the  Mis 
sissippi,  18  Feb.,  1862.  Dropped  from  the  rolls,  26  July, 
1863. 

WHIDDEN,  Charles  L.  21.  Atkinson.  Me.  Carriage- 
builder.  May,  1861.  Atkinson,  Me.  —  Corporal,  May, 
1861,  to  29  Nov.,  1862,  when  returned  to  ranks  during 
prolonged  absence.  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at 
Winchester;  returned  to  duty,  19  Dec.,  1862.  Wounded 
in  hand,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville.  Absent  in  hos 
pital,  28  May,  1864,  when  mustered  out. 

WRITTEN,  George.  18.  Newburyport,  Mass.  Morocco- 
dresser.  May,  1861.  Chelsea.  —  Mustered  out  28  May, 
1864. 

WILLISTON,  Roland  S.  26.  Holyoke,  Mass.  Barber. 
May,  1861.  Holyoke. —  Corporal,  May,  1861;  sergeant, 
July,  1861  ;  first  sergeant,  18  May,  1862.  Wounded  in 
hand  and  in  thigh  (leg  amputated),  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar 
Mountain ;  died  in  consequence,  18  Aug.,  1862,  at  Culpep- 
per,  Va. 

WILSON,  Gordon  S.  20.  Salisbury,  N.H.  Clerk.  May, 
1861.  Plymouth,  N.H.  —  Corporal,  1  Jan.,  1863.  Killed 
in  action,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg. 

YOUNG,  Albert  A.  20.  Jay,  Me.  Teamster.  May,  1861. 
Manchester,  N.H.  —  Deserted  1  Sept.,  1861. 


THE    ENLISTED   MEN.  391 

YOUNG,  John  E.  25.  Belfast,  Me.  Machinist.  May, 
1861.  North  Andover. —  Corporal,  May,  1861,  to  .  .  . 
1861.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 


COMPANY    H. 

ACKERT,  Lord  M.     31.     New- York  City.     Machinist.     30 

Aug.,  1862.     Peru.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 
ANGELL,  Charles.    20.    Webster,  Mass.    Shoemaker.    May, 

1861.  Dudley.  —  Corporal,  September,  1861,  to  20  Dec., 
1861  ;  and  again,  1  May,  1862.     Sergeant,  1  March,  1863. 
Wounded  in  leg,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietani;  returned  to 
duty,  10  March,  1863.      Wounded  in  hip,  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville;    not  disabled.       Wounded  in  hip,  3  July, 
1863,  at  Gettysburg;  not  disabled.    Mustered  out  28  May, 
1864. 

BABCOCK,  Alonzo  J.  26.  Norwich,  Vt.  Weaver.  11 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Transferred  to  Company  H,  from 
Company  A,  21  Dec.,  1861.  Corporal,  21  Dec.,  1861  ; 
sergeant,  21  Nov.,  1862;  first  sergeant,  14  March,  1863. 
Wounded  in  arm  (amputated  above  the  elbow),  3  July, 
1863,  and  died  in  consequence,  10  July,  1863,  at  Gettys 
burg. 

BALL,  George.  30.  Lancashire,  England.  Shoemaker. 
23  May,  1861.  Roxbury. —  Sergeant,  May,  1861,  to  Sep 
tember,  1861;  corporal,  29  Dec.,  1861,  to  1  Jan.,  1862. 
Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester ;  returned 
to  duty,  October,  1862.  Company  cook,  16  Feb.,  1864. 
Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

BARRELL,   Paschal.     25.     Turner,  Me.     Farmer.     8  Aug., 

1862.  Brookline.  —  Wounded  in  groin,  3   May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville;    died  in  consequence,   12  May,  1863,  at 
Aquia  Lauding,  Va. 


392  SECOND    MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

BELL,  James  P.  35.  Searsport,  Me.  Shoemaker.  23  May, 
1861.  North  Bridgewatcr. —  Corporal,  May,  1861.  De 
serted  1  Sept.,  1861. 

BINNEY,  George  L.     20.     Boston,  Mass.     Clerk.     1 1  May, 

1861.  Roxbury.  —  Detailed  as  quartermaster's  clerk,  11 
May,  1861.    Appointed  quartermaster  sergeant,  15  March, 

1862.  —  See  Non-commissioned  Staff ';  also,  Commissioned 
Officers. 

BIRMINGHAM,  John.  19.  Danvers,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  11, 
May,  1861.  Danvers.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  June, 
1861. 

Boss,  Charles.  22.  Albany,  N.Y.  —  Laborer.  22  Oct., 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Deserted,  26  May,  1862. 

BROWN,  John.      22.      Sligo,  Ireland.      Shoemaker.      May, 

1861.  North  Bridgewater.  —  Wounded  in   hand,  3  May, 

1863.  at  Chancellorsville  ;  not  disabled.     Mustered  out  28 
May,  1864. 

BROWN,  Thomas.  21.  Marblehead,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Marblehead.  —  Killed  in  action,  17  Sept., 

1862,  at  Antietam. 

BCRDETT,  Charles.  21.  North  Reading,  Mass.  Shoe 
maker.  May,  1861.  North  Reading.  —  Corporal,  21 
Nov.,  1862.  Wounded  in  leg,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettys 
burg;  died  in  consequence,  8  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg. 

BUKKE,  James.      21.       Cork,   Ireland.      Shoemaker.     May, 

1861.  Abington.  —  Wounded  in  shoulder,  9  Aug.,  1862, 
at  Cedar  Mountain  ;  returned  to  duty,  6  Oct.,  1862.    Killed 
in  action,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville. 

BURKE,  Thomas.  20.  Boston,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Marblehead.  —  Wounded  in  arm,  17  Sept., 

1862,  at   Antietam;    returned    to   duty,   10    Dec.,    1862. 
Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

BURRILL,  David,  jr.  33.  .  .  .  Mass.  Shoemaker.  21 
May,  1861.  Stoughton.  —  Enlisted  wagoner,  July,  1861, 
to  September,  1861 ;  company  cook,  September,  1861,  to 
20  April,  1863.  Absent  in  hospital,  23  May,  1864,  when 
mustered  out. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  393 

BOTTERFIELD,  Dexter.  19.  Dunstable,  Mass.  Farmer. 
19  Oct.,  1861.  Dunstable.  —  Transferred,  21  Dec.,  1861, 
to  Company  A,  which  see. 

CAHILL,  Robert  C.  19.  Ireland.  Shoemaker.  May,  1861. 
Marblehead.  —  Transferred  to  Company  H,  from  Com 
pany  C,  28  Dec.,  1861.  Corporal,  29  Dec.,  1861.  Killed 
in  action,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain. 

CANNON,  Thomas.  41.  Ireland.  Farmer.  23  July,  1862. 
Winchester.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  20  March,  1863. 

CARRAHER,  Frank  L.  25.  Armagh,  Ireland.  Wood-turner. 
11  May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Corporal,  May,  1861 ;  sergeant, 
July,  1861,  to  20  Dec.,  1861.  Detached  to  Corthran's 
New-York  Battery  and  to  Fourth  United-States  Artillery, 

10  April,    1862,   to    19    Oct.,    1862.     Re-enlisted.  —  See 
Second  Term. 

CASEY,  Michael.  19.  Tipperary,  Ireland.  Shoemaker.  15 
May,  1861.  North  Bridgewater.  —  Corporal,  5  Sept.,  1861  ; 
sergeant,  21  Nov.,  1862;  first  sergeant,  24  Aug.,  1863. 
Wounded  in  leg,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain,  and  taken 
prisoner ;  returned  to  duty,  26  Oct.,  1862.  Mustered  out 
28  May,  1864. 

CHASE,  George  W.  22.  Dudley,  Mass.  Mule-spinner.  1 1 
May,  1861.  Webster.  —  Wounded  in  leg,  17  Sept.,  1862, 
at  Antietam.  Absent  in  hospital,  28  May,  1864,  when 
mustered  out. 

CHASE,  Hiram.  23.  Dudley,  Mass.  Mule-spinner.  May, 
1861.  Webster.  —  Corporal,  5  Sept.,  1861 ;  color-corporal, 
4  July,  1862,  to  1  Aug.,  1862.  Transferred  to  Invalid 
Corps,  15  Dec.,  1863. 

CHASE,   Willard  K.      22.      Groveland,  Mass.     Shoemaker. 

11  May,  1861.      Georgetown.  —  Discharged  for  disability, 
1  Dec.,  1862. 

CLARK,  John.  29.  Boston,  Mass.  Bootmaker.  11  May, 
1861.  Easton.  —  Detailed  wagoner,  1  July,  1861,  to  7 
April,  1863.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

CRONIN,    Dennis.      22.      Cork,  Ireland.      Shoemaker.      11 


394      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

May,  1861.     Boston.  —  Went  to  hospital  in  August,  1862  ; 
absent  in  hospital,  28  May,  1864,  when  mustered  out. 
CULLKN,  John.     21.     Longford,  Ireland.    Bootmaker.     May, 

1861.  North    Bridge  water.  —  Mustered    out    28    May, 
1864. 

CORCORAN,  William.  20.  Cork,  Ireland.  Cloth-dresser. 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  hand,  3  May,  1863, 
at  Chancellorsville ;  transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  25  Nov., 
1863. 

DAMMERALL,  William  II.  18.  St.  Johns,  N.B.  Farmer. 
May,  1861.  Chelsea.  —  Taken  prisoner,  16  Aug.,  1862,  at 
Culpepper,  Va. ;  returned  to  duty,  24  Dec.,  1862.  Injured 
by  ball  striking  breastplate,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellors 
ville ;  returned  to  duty,  June,  1863.  Re-enlisted.  —  See 
Second  Term. 

DAVIS,  James  A.  18.  Dunstable,  Mass.  Farmer.  10 
Nov.,  1861.  Dunstable.  —  Transferred,  21  Dec.,  1861,  to 
Company  A,  which  see. 

DE  WEALE,  Alfred.  18.  Warwick,  England.  "None." 
21  May,  1861.  East  Boston.  —  Killed  in  action,  9  Aug., 

1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain. 

DONNOVAX,  John.     22.     Kerry,   Ireland.     Laborer.     May, 

1861.     Lawrence.  —  Killed  in  action,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at 

Antietam. 
DOOLITTLE,  Samuel.     26.     Oswego,  N..Y.     Printer.     May, 

1861.     Toledo,  Ohio.  —  In  hospital  since  August,   1862; 

was  in  convalescent  camp,  7  May,  1863  ;  absent  in  hospi 
tal,  28  May,  1864,  when  mustered  out. 
DUFFY,  Thomas.     29.     Farmanha,  Ireland.    Laborer.     May, 

1861.     Easton. —  Killed  in  action,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar 

Mountain. 
DUNBAR,  John  B.     18.    West  Bridge  water.    Farmer.    May, 

1861.      West   Bridgewater.  —  Died   of   typhoid  fever,   6 

Nov.,  1861,  at  Seneca  Mills,  Md. 
FARRINGTON,  John  E.     20.     Milford,  Mass.     Laborer.     30 

Aug.,    1862.     Milford.  —  Wounded   in   abdomen,   3  July, 


THE    ENLISTED   MEN.  395 

1863,  at  Gettysburg ;    died  in  consequence,  .  .  July,  1863, 
at  Gettysburg. 

FERNALD,  Charles  F.  20.  Wakefield,  N.H.  Farmer.  11 
Aug.,  1862.  Wakefield,  N.H  — Wounded  and  missing 
(doubtless  dead),  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville. 

FLYNN,  Charles.  29.  Mayo,  Ireland.  Carpenter.  May, 
1861.  Boston.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

Foss,  Phineas  H.  44.  Wayne,  Me.  Bootmaker.  May, 
1861.  Boston.  —  Detailed  as  hospital  orderly,  18  Sept., 
1861,  to  15  Sept.,  1863  ;  and  again,  21  Nov.,  1863,  to  22 
Feb.,  1864.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

GALLIGAN,  Owen.  20.  Longford,  Ireland.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  North  Bridge  water.  —  Deserted  3  July, 
1861. 

GARDNER,  Benjamin   N.      28.     North   Bridgewater,  Mass. 
Shoe-finisher.      23    May,    1861.     North   Bridge  water. - 
Corporal,  May,  1861,  to  May,  1861.     Detached  to  division 
division  ambulance  corps,  29  Oct.,  1862.     Died  of  disease, 
31  Dec.,  1862,  at  Frederick,  Md. 

GELRAY,  Joseph  W.  24.  Manchester,  England.  Weaver. 
11  May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Transferred  to  Company  H, 
from  Company  A,  22  Dec.,  1861.  In  Company  A,  corpo 
ral,  25  May,  1861 ;  in  company  H,  sergeant,  22  Dec., 
1861.  Wounded  severely  in  arm,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  Antie- 
tam.  Promoted  to  be  second  lieutenant,  25  Dec.,  1862. — 
See  Commissioned  Officers. 

GILLEY,  George.  18.  At  sea,  off  Cape  Cod.  Sailor.  20 
May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Company  musician,  May,  1861. 
Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

GORDON,  John.  45.  Hampstead,  N.H.  Farmer.  23 
July,  1862. —  Winchester.  —  Died  of  chronic  diarrhoea, 
6  Jan.,  1863,  at  Alexandria,  Va. 

GREENE,  Charles  F.  25.  Meredith,  N.H.  Shoemaker.  24 
May,  1861.  New  York.  —  First  sergeant,  24  May,  1861, 
to  19  Dec.,  1861.  Detailed  as  quartermaster's  clerk,  30 
March,  1862.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 


396      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

GREENE,  Joseph  D.  20.  Petersham,  Mass.  Barber.  15 
May,  1861.  Ware.  —  Transferred  to  Company  H,  from 
Company  G,  1  Jan.,  1862.  Corporal,  31  July,  1863.  De 
tached  to  duty  at  Long  Island,  Boston  Harbor,  16  July, 
1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

HALL,  Charles  M.  29.  Rochester,  Mass.  Shoe-finisher. 
May,  1861.  North  Bridge  water.  —  Corporal,  .  .  May, 
1861.  Deserted,  Sept.,  1861. 

HALL,  Freeman  L.  18.  Worcester,  Mass.  Farmer.  May, 
1861.  Milbury.  —  Wounded  in  leg,  y  Aug.,  1862,  at 
Cedar  Mountain ;  discharged  in  consequence,  25  March, 
1863. 

HANKY,  William.  19.  Randolph,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  2 
Sept.,  1862.  Boston.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

HANNIGAN,  Michael.  25.  Mayo,  Ireland.  Laborer.  11 
May,  1861.  Dedham.  —  Killed  in  action,  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville. 

HARBIRD,  John.  21.  Boston,  Mass.  Brush-maker.  30 
July,  1862.  Boston.  —  Deserted  25  Dec.,  1862. 

HARRIS,  William.  21.  Kilkenny,  Ireland.  Shoemaker. 
23  May,  1861.  North  Bridgewater.  —  Sergeant,  23  May, 

1861.  Wounded  in  neck,  25  May,  1862,   at  Winchester 
(in  the  street),  taken   prisoner  and  paroled  ;    returned  to 
duty,  24  Nov.,  1862.     Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

HEEL  AN,  Patrick'.  18.  Limerick,  Ireland.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Easton.  —  Corporal,  21  Nov.,  1862.  Wounded 
in  breast,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville;  in  hospital,  28 
May,  1864,  when  mustered  out. 

HENNESSEY,  Jeremiah.    26.    Boston,  Mass.    Laborer.    7  July, 

1862.  Boston.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  9  Jan.,  1863. 
HILL,  Gershom  S.     26.     Gardiner,  Me.     Bootmaker.    May, 

1861.       Cambridge.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  ..  June, 
1861. 

HOLYOKE,  John  A.  19.  Marlboro',  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Marlboro'.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  24 
Nov.,  1862. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  397 

HOWE,  Leonard.  29.  Ipswich,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  May, 
1861.  Georgetown. —  Corporal,  5  Sept.,  1861.  Died  of 
chronic  diarrhoea,  28  Nov.,  1861,  near  Seneca  Mills,  Md. 

JELLISOX,  William  H.  21.  Rowley,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Rowley.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at 
Winchester;  returned  to  Washington,  D.C.,  and  died  there, 
of  typhoid  pneumonia,  13  Oct.,  1862. 

JOHNSON,  Arthur.     21.     Stockbridge,  Vt.     Laborer.     May, 

1861.  Reading,  Vt.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 
JOHNSON,    Richard.     19.     North  Bridgewater,  Mass.     Car 
penter.      May,   1861.     North  Bridgewater.  —  Discharged 
for  disability,  3  July,  1862. 

KEATING,  Maurice.  20.  Tipperary,  Ireland.  Shoemaker. 
11  May,  1861.  North  Bridgewater.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25 
May,  1862,  at  Winchester;  returned  to  duty,  26  Oct., 

1862.  Deserted,  1  April,  1863,  while  on  furlough. 
KEENAN,    Patrick.      22.      Longford,   Ireland.      Shoemaker. 

May,  1861.  North  Bridgewater.  —  In  hospital  since  Au 
gust,  1862;  was  returned,  June,  1864,  as  deserter.  Re- 
enlisted  24  June,  1864.  —  See  Second  Term. 

KELLAHER,  John.  35.  Cork,  Ireland.  Laborer.  May, 
1861.  Boston.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  12  Feb., 
1863. 

KELLEY,  Henry.      32.     Leitrim,  Ireland.     Laborer.     May, 

1861.  Lawrence  (Pawtucket,   R.I.?).     Mustered  out  28 
May,  1864. 

KELLIIIER,  Hugh.     19.     Boston,  Mass.     Laborer.     22  Aug. 

1862.  Boston.  —  Transferred  to   Invalid  Corps,!   Sept., 
1863. 

KELLOGG,  Charles  F.  36.  Amherst,  Mass.  Painter.  23 
May,  1861.  Amherst.  —  Corporal,  23  May,  1861,  to  July, 
1861;  and  again,  .  .  .  1861.  Sergeant,  20  Dec.,  1861. 
Discharged  for  disability,  14  Feb.,  1863. 

KENNEDY,  Michael.  23.  Kerry,  Ireland.  Hatter.  May, 
1861.  Lawrence.  —  Wounded  in  groin,  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville ;  returned  to  duty,  18  July  (20  Oct.?), 

1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 


398  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

LEHANE,  James.     24.     Cork,  Ireland.     Shoemaker.      May, 

1861.     Easton.  —  Taken  prisoner,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar 

Mountain;  returned  to  duty,  22  Oct.,  1862.     Mustered  out 

28  May,  1864. 
LEIGHTON,  Daniel  M.     45.     Addison,  Me.     Mason.     May, 

1861.     Boston.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  16  Jan.,  1863. 
LEONARD,   John    M.     35.      St.   Helens,   England.     Tailor. 

May,  1861.     Lee.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  28  March, 

1863. 
LONGFELLOW,  Nathan.      23.      Newbury,  Mass.      Farmer. 

May,   1861.      Newburyport. —  Corporal,   12   May,   1862; 

sergeant,  1  March,  1863.      Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862, 

at  Winchester;  returned  to  duty,  22  Oct.,  1862.    Mustered 

out  28  May,  1864. 
LYNCH,  James.     27.     Longford,  Ireland.    Boot-treer.    May, 

1861.  North    Bridgewater.  —  Wounded  in  leg,  9  Aug., 

1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain  ;  returned  2  Aug.,  1863.      Mus 
tered  out  28  May,  1864. 

LYON,  John  P.     44.     Halifax,  Mass.     Carpenter.     22  Oct., 

1861.  Abington.  —  Taken   prisoner,   25    May,    1862,   at 
Winchester;    discharged  for  disability  (without  returning 
to  the  regiment). 

MACOMBER,   Horatio  N.     29.     Durham,  Me.      Shoemaker. 

30  Aug.,  1862.     Newburyport.  —  Detailed  company  cook, 

2  Dec.,  1863,  to  10  Jan.,  1864.     Mustered  out  28  May, 

1864. 
MASON,   Charles  H.      25.      Boston.     Painter.     May,  1861. 

Boston.  —  Deserted  18  Sept.,  1861. 
McALEVEY,   Daniel.      30.      Ireland.      Laborer.     28  Aug., 

1862.  Boston.  —  Wounded   in    hand,   3    May,   1863,  at 
Chancellorsville ;   transferred  to  Invalid   Corps,  25  Nov., 
1863. 

McCREADY,  James.  22.  Monahan,  Ireland.  Shovel- 
maker.  May,  1861.  Easton.  —  Discharged  for  disability, 
19  Nov.,  1862. 

MCDONNELL,  Philip.  23.  Cork,  Ireland.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Salem.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  399 

McDouGAL,  Duncan.  25.  Scotland.  Farmer.  26  July, 
1862.  Roxbury.  —Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

McGETRiCK,  John.  25.  Sligo,  Ireland.  Coachman.  12 
Aug.,  1862.  Brookline.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

McKiNSTREY,  Charles  O.  19.  Northbridge,  Mass.  Shoe 
maker.  May,  1861.  Southbridge.  —  Detailed  as  company 
cook,  May,  1861,  to  10  Jan.,  1864.  Re-enlisted.  —  See 
Second  Term. 

MCLAUGHLIN,  Daniel.  43.  Ireland.  Farmer.  23  July, 
1862.  Winchester.  —  Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  30 
Nov.,  1863. 

MIDDLETON,  David  A.  22.  Boston,  Mass.  Shovel-maker. 
May,  1861.  Easton. —  Corporal,  1  June,  1861.  Deserted 
7  July,  1861. 

MOOERS,  Andrew  J.  24.  Amoskeag,  N.H.  Machinist. 
26  Aug.,  1862.  Brookline.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second 
Term. 

MOORE,  John  (A.?).  24.  Antrim,  Ireland.  Plumber.  May, 
1861.  Boston.  —  Wounded  in  groin,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at 
Antietam  ;  dropped  from  the  rolls,  27  July,  1863  (State 
rolls  say  mustered  out  28  May,  1864). 

MORSE,   George   W.      18.     Newport,  Ky.     Farmer.     May, 

1861.  Athol.—  Corporal,  1  Oct.,  1863.     Taken  prisoner, 
25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester;  returned  to  duty,  22  Oct., 

1862.  Re-enlisted.  —  See   Second   Term. 
MOTHERWELL,  John.     23.     Glasgow,  Scotland.    Blacksmith. 

23  May,  1861.  Easton.  —  Corporal,  May,  1861 ;  sergeant, 
1  July,  1861,  to  19  Dec.,  1861  ;  corporal  again,  24  Nov., 
1862,  to  4  July,  1863.  Taken  prisoner,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at 
Cedar  Mountain;  returned  to  duty,  13  Oct.,  1862.  Absent 
in  hospital,  28  May,  1864,  when  mustered  out. 

MULHKRN,  Philip.  20.  Roxbury,  Mass.  Stone-cutter. 
May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Detached  to  gunboat  on  the  Mis 
sissippi,  18  Feb.,  1862  ;  was  there  wounded,  and  discharged 
for  disability,  21  March,  1863. 

MURPHY,  John  (1st).     18.     Cork,  Ireland.     Shovel-maker. 


400      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

May,  1861.  Easton.  —  Corporal,  21  Nov.,  1862,  to  1 
March,  1863.  Wounded  in  breast,  3  July,  1863,  at  Get 
tysburg;  returned  to  duty,  10  Dec.,  1863.  Wounded  in 
arm  (amputated),  15  May,  1864,  at  Resaca;  in  hospital, 
28  May,  1864,  when  mustered  out. 

MURPHY,  John  (2d).  38.  Ireland.  Tailor.  7  July,  1862. 
Boston.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

MURRAY,  Jeremiah.  22.  Clare,  Ireland.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Nonh  Bridgewater. —  Corporal,  August, 
1861.  Deserted  August,  1861. 

MURRAY,  Patrick.  26.  Cavan,  Ireland.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  North  Bridgewater. —  Discharged  for  dis 
ability,  19  March,  1863. 

MURRAY,  Thomas.     22.     Kildare,  Ireland.      Shovel-maker. 

10  May,   1861.      Easton. —  Company  musician,  10  May 

1861.  Mustered  out  28  May,   1864. 

NOONAN,   Patrick.       36.       Roscommon,   Ireland.      Laborer. 

11  May,  1861.    Portland,  Me.  — Taken  prisoner,  25  May, 

1862,  at  Winchester;  discharged  for  disability  (without  re 
turning  to  the  regiment),  29  Jan.,  1863. 

O'BRIEN,  Jeremiah.  26.  Cork,  Ireland.  Stone-cutter.  11 
May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Wounded  in  hip,  17  Sept.,  1862, 
at  Antietam  ;  not  disabled.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

O'CONNELL,  John  G.  21.  Kerry,  Ireland.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Worcester. —  Killed  in  action,  25  May,  1862, 
at  Winchester. 

O'DONNELL,  Hugh.  20.  Donegal,  Ireland.  Blacksmith. 
11  May,  1861.  North  Bridgewater.  —  Wounded  in  side, 
9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain ;  in  hospital,  28  May, 
1864,  'when  mustered  out. 

O'REiLY,  Michael.  25.  Cork,  Ireland.  Carpenter.  May, 
1861.  Boston.  —  Wounded  in  shoulder,  24  May,  1862, 
near  Kernstown,  Va. ;  discharged  in  consequence,  4  Oct., 
1862. 

PAUL,  Joseph.  19.  Williston,  Vt,  Shoemaker.  22  May, 
1861.  Webster.  —  Corporal,  22  May,  1861,  to  5  Sept., 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  401 

1861.  Wounded  in  hand,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellors- 
ville  ;  returned  .  .  April,  1864.  Mustered  out  28  May, 
1864. 

TERRY,  Charles  R.  22.  Truro,  N.S.  May,  1861.  Plais- 
tow,  N.H.  — Corporal,  5  Sept.,  1861,  to  .  .  Jan.,  1862. 
Deserted  25  Dec.,  1862. 

PIERCE,  James.  21.  Roscommon,  Ireland.  Laborer.  May, 
1861.  Roxbury.  —  Died  of  diarrhoea,  20  Dec.,  1861,  at 
Frederick,  Md. 

POWERS,  Albert  W.  20.  Warren,  Mass.  Salesman.  May, 
1861.  Warren.  —  Transferred  from  Company  G,  to  Com 
pany  H,  20  Dec.,  1861.  In  Company  G,  sergeant,  May, 
1861;  in  Company  H,  first  sergeant,  20  Dec.,  1861. 
Wounded  in  leg,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain.  Pro 
moted  to  be  second  lieutenant,  12  July,  1862  ;  but  his 
commission  did  not  arrive  until  after  the  battle  of  Cedar 
Mountain. —  See  Commissioned  Officers. 

POWERS,  James.  25.  Limerick,  Ireland.  Shovel-maker. 
May,  1861.  Easton.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  June, 
1861. 

POWERS,  James  E.  24.  Limerick,  Ireland.  Book-gilder. 
May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Corporal,  5  Sept.,  1861.  Wounded 
in  head,  24  May,  1862,  near  Kernstown,  Va. ;  taken  pris 
oner  ;  paroled.  Discharged  in  consequence  of  wounds,  14 
Oct.,  1862. 

POWERS,  Richard.  21.  Limerick,  Ireland.  Shovel-maker. 
May,  1861.  Easton.  —  Deserted  7  July,  1861. 

PRATT,  John  A.  40.  Portland,  Me.  Dyer.  11  Aug., 
1862.  Winooski,  Vt,  —  Transferred,  24  Aug.,  1862,  to 
Company  K,  which  see. 

PROCTOR,  George.  37.  Springfield,  Vt.  Shoemaker. 
22  May,  1861.  Reading.  —  Died,  24  Jan.,  1862,  at  Bal 
timore,  Md. 

RANDALL,  Vernon.  22.  Easton,  Mass.  Shovel-maker. 
May,  1861.  Easton.  —  Corporal,  June,  1861.  Deserted 
August,  1861. 

26 


402  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

RKES,  Thomas.      23.      Bristol,  England.      Printer.      May, 

1861.     West  Brookfield.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 
REMICK,    Benjamin    F.      23.     Gardiner,  Me.      Bootmaker. 

22    May,    1861.     West  Medway.  —  Killed   in  action,  17 

Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam. 
REYNOLDS,  Patrick.    24.    Longford,  Ireland.    Shovel-maker. 

May,  1861.    Easton.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  4  March, 

1863. 
RIPLEY,  Silas  K.     25.     Easton,  Mass.     Shoemaker.     May, 

1861.  Easton.—  Discharged  for  disability,  3  July,  1863. 
SANDERS,   D.  Henry.      21.     Rowley,  Mass.     Farmer.      23 

May,  1861.  Rowley.  —  Corporal,  23  May,  1861,  to  ..  June, 
1861  ;  and  again,  1  March,  1863.  Detailed  to  regimental 
band,  ...  1861,  to  ...  1862.  Taken  prisoner,  25  May, 

1862,  at  Winchester;    returned  to  duty,   28  Oct.,   1862. 
Severely  wounded  in  groin,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellors- 
ville ;  in  hospital,  28  May,  1864,  when  mustered  out. 

SANFORD,  John  M.      38.      Rochester,   N.Y.      Sailor.      15 

May,  1861.     .  .  .    —Sergeant,  May,  1861,  to  July,  1861. 

Detached  to  gunboat  on  the  Mississippi,  18  Feb.,  1862  ; 

discharged. 
SCHIEL,  Charles.     31.     Germany.     Carpenter.     May.  1861. 

Roxbury.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  14  Oct.,  1862. 
SE AVERS,  Richard.     26.     Dublin,  Ireland.     Laborer.     May, 

1861.  Easton.  —  Killed  in  action,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettys 
burg. 

SMITH,  Charles  F.     23.    Boston,  Mass.    Chemist.    30  Aug., 

1862.  Boston.  —  Discharged,  18  April,  1863,  to  receive 
commission  of  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifty-fourth  Massa 
chusetts,  but  commission  cancelled. 

SMITH,  Ervil  L.     21.     Essex,  Mass.      Shoemaker.      May, 

1861.     Roxbury  (Rowley  ?).  — Corporal,  5    Sept.,    1861. 

Died  of  typhoid  fever,  28  April,  1862,  near  Harrisonburg, 

Va. 
SMITH,   John   T.     21.     Boston,  Mass.     Blacksmith.      May, 

1861.     Easton.  —  Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  22  Nov., 

1863. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  403 

SMITH,  Orin  E.      22.      Barrington,   Mass.      Sailor.      May, 

1861.  Webster.  —  Corporal,    May,    1861;    sergeant,   5 
Sept.,  1861  ;    first  sergeant,  24  Nov.,  1862.     Discharged, 
13  March,  1863,  to  receive  the  commission  of  first  lieuten 
ant  in    the    Fifty-fourth  Massachusetts,  dated    5   March ; 
captain,  31  May,  1863.     Wounded  at   Fort  Wagner,  and 
resigned  from  disability,  25  Jan.,  1864. 

SMITH,  William.     25.     Montague,  N.S.    Caulker.    18  Aug., 

1862.  Boston.  —  Re-enlisted. —  See  Second  Term. 
STETSON,   Samuel  L.     39.     Boston,  Mass.     Carpenter.     13 

May,  1861.    Boston. —  Corporal,  13  May,  1861,  to  ..  June, 

1861.  Detached  as   pioneer  to   First    Division,  6   April, 

1862.  Taken  prisoner,   23   May,  1862,  at  Front  Royal, 
Va.;    returned  to  duty,  22  Oct.,  1862.     Mustered  out  28 
May,  1864. 

TAYLOR,  George.  20.  Dunstable,  Mass.  Farmer.  17 
Oct.,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Died  of  consumption,  8  Feb., 
1862,  at  Frederick,  Md. 

TIBBETTS,  James  M.  41.  Frankfort,  Me.  Carpenter. 
May,  1861.  Cambridgeport.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May, 
1862,  at  Winchester,  and  paroled  ;  returned  to  duty  28  Oct., 

1862.  Discharged  for  disability,  25  April,  1863. 
THOMAS,  Linus   B.     21.     Middleboro',   Mass.     Shoemaker. 

May,   1861.      North   Bridgewater.  —  Wounded   in    hand, 
3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg;    returned   to  duty,  23  Nov.,, 

1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

THOMPSON,  Thomas.     35.     Sheffield,  England.    Shoemaker. 

May,    1861.      West   Bridgewater. —  Deserted    12    Sept. 

1862. 
WARD,  Hugh.     37.     Ireland.     Stone-cutter.     2  Sept.,  1862.. 

Boston.  —  Wounded  in  head,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg; 

discharged  in  consequence,  2  Nov.,  1863. 
WARNER,    William    B.      32.      Boston,   Mass.      Physician. 

May,  1861.     Fitchburg.  —  Sergeant,  May,  1861,  to  1  July, 

1861.     Deserted  August,  1861. 
WEBBER,   Eldred.       32.       Hamilton,    Mass.       Bootmaker. 


404  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS   INFANTRY. 

May,  1861.  Wenham.  —  Corporal,  19  April,  1862. 
Wounded  in  leg  (amputated),  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar 
Mountain  ;  discharged  in  consequence,  15  Jan.,  1863. 

WELCH,  John.  19.  Cork,  Ireland.  Farmer.  May,  1861. 
Easton.  —  Corporal,  21  Nov.,  1862.  Wounded  in  hand, 
3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville ;  in  hospital,  28  May, 
1864,  when  mustered  out. 

WHITRIIOUSE,  Benjamin  F.  20.  Nevvfield,  Me.  Farmer. 

8  Aug.,  1862.  Brookline Corporal,  1  March,  1863. 

Wounded  in  groin,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg;  in  hos 
pital,  28  May,  1864,  when  mustered  out. 

WHITTEMORE,  Ezra  G.  38.  Pawtucket,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
May,  1861.  Easton.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

WRIGHT,  Oliver.  19.  Jay,  Me.  Farmer.  May,  1861. 
East  Dixfield,  Me.  — Taken  prisoner,  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville;  returned  to  duty,  16  Dec.,  1863.  Mus 
tered  out  28  May,  1864. 


COMPANY    I. 

ATKINS,   William    H.      23.      Sheerness,   England.      Sailor. 

11  May,  1861.     Castine,  Me.—  Deserted  1  June,  1862. 
BAILEY,  George  M.      23.     Wilmington,  Mass.      Shoemaker. 

17  May,  1861.     Wilmington.  —  Taken  prisoner,  ..  Aug., 

1862,  near  Mauassas  Junction ;  returned  to  duty,  26  Oct., 

1862.     Killed  in  action,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg. 
BAINE,  James.      38.      Cornville,  Me.     Farmer.     14  May, 

1861.     Cornville,  Me. —  Discharged  for  disability,  June, 

1861. 
BAIRD,  William.    21.    Glasgow,    Scotland.    Clerk.    11  May, 

1861.      Chelsea.  —  Corporal,  .  .  .  1861,  to  11  Aug.,  1861 ; 
"again,  .  .  .  1861,  to  .  ...  1861;  and  again,  16  Feb.,  1863, 

to  27  Sept.,  1863.    Detached  as  clerk  at  brigade  headquar- 


THE    ENLISTED   MEN.  405 

ters,  6  Aug.,  18G2,  to  26  Oct.,  1862.  Detailed  as  clerk  at 
regimental  headquarters,  20  April,  1863,  to  5  May,  1863  ; 
and  again,  9  May,  1863,  to  21  May,  1863  ;  again,  15  Oct., 
1863,  to  31  Oct.,  1863;  again,  2  March,  1864.  Re-en 
listed. —  See  Second  Term. 
BANCROFT,  Thomas  A.  27.  Wilmington,  Mass.  Farmer. 

17  May,    1861.     Wilmington.  —  Detailed  to    commissary 
department,  .  .  July,  1861.     Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

BARRUS,  John  W.  20.  Richmond,  N.H.  Shoemaker.  22 
May,  1861.  Richmond,  N.H.  —  Wounded  in  breast,  3  July, 
1863,  at  Gettysburg;  returned  to  duty,  .  .  July,  1863. 
Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

BARRUS,  Marshall.  24.  Richmond,  N.H.  Shoemaker. 
22  May,  1861.  Richmond,  N.H.  —  Wounded  in  wrist, 
3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville  ;  transferred  to  Invalid 
Corps,  16  March,  1864. 

BICKFORD,  Charles  E.  20.  Alton,  N.H.  Shoemaker.  15 
May,  1861.  Alton,  N.H.  —  Wounded  in  leg,  25  May, 
1862,  at  Winchester;  died  in  consequence,  16  Nov.,  1863, 
at  Alisona,  Tenn. 

BONNET,  Wallace.     23.     Boston,  Mass.     Painter.     13  May, 

1861.  Boston.  —  Wounded  slightly   in   breast,   1   April, 

1862,  near  Woodstock,  Va. ;  the  first  man  wounded  in  the 
regiment.     Discharged  for  disability,  15  April,  1863. 

BOSMORE,  Horace.  24.  Danville,  Me.  Farmer.  20  May, 
1861.  East  Bridgewater.  —  Sergeant,  20  May,  1861,  to 
11  Aug.,  1861.  Wounded  in  groin,  24  May,  1862,  near 
Newtown,  Va. ;  died  in  consequence,  ]  June,  1862. 

BRADISH,   Addison  S.      22.     Winchendon,  Mass.     Farmer. 

18  May,  1861.     Royalston.  —  Wounded  in  leg,  24  May, 
LS62,  near  Newtown,  Va. ;   discharged  in  consequence,  25 
July,  1862. 

BRADY,   Mathias   P.      38.      Dublin,  Ireland.     Stone-cutter. 

15   May,   1861.     Boston.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  15 

Feb.,  1862. 
BROWN,  David  B.      32.      Edinburgh,  Scotland.     Japanner. 


406  SECOND    MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

15  May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Corporal,  15  May,  1861,  to 
July,  1861.  Wounded  in  side,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar 
Mountain,  and  taken  prisoner;  returned  to  duty,  26  Oct., 
1862.  Wounded  in  abdomen,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettys 
burg;  died  in  consequence,  21  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg. 

BUTLER,  Aaron.  43.  Shapleigh,  Me.  Carpenter.  11 
May,  1861.  Woburn.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

BUTTERS,  Theodore  S.  19.  Wilmington,  Mass.  Farmer. 
18  May,  1861.  Wilmington.  —  Corporal,  24  March,  1863. 
Wounded  in  leg  (amputated),  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettys 
burg;  died  in  consequence,  30  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg. 

CAMARA,  Nicholas  M.  23.  Portugal.  Cabinet-maker.  13 
May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  14  Sept., 
1863. 

CAMERON,  Robert.  22.  Irvine,  Scotland.  Paper-maker. 
14  May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Corporal,  18  Feb.,  1862. 
Wounded  in  abdomen,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville  ; 
died  in  consequence,  8  May,  1863,  at  Washington,  D.C. 

CARTER,  James  O.  19.  Reading,  Mass.  Farmer.  18 
May,  1861.  Wilmington.  —  Wounded  in  cheek  and  hand, 
3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville;  returned  to  duty,  30 
July,  1863.  Detached  as  orderly  at  brigade  headquarters, 
13  Sept.,  1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

CHASE,  Charles  J.  20.  Ellsworth,  Me.  Sailor.  11  May, 
1861.  Ellsworth,  Me.  —  Detached  to  gunboat  on  the  Mis 
sissippi,  18  Feb.,  1862.  Dropped  from  the  rolls,  27  July, 
1863. 

CLEVELAND,  Harmon  S.  27.  Dunham,  C.E.  Shoemaker. 
18  May,  1861.  Canada.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  15 
Sept.,  1861. 

CODY,  Stephen.  26.  Sotkson  (?),  Ireland.  Glazier.  14 
May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862, 
at  AVinchester ;  returned  to  duty,  23  Oct.,  1862.  Killed 
in  action,  6  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg,  while  carrying  the 
colors. 

COLLINS,  Thomas  A.      19.      Cork,  Ireland.     Coppersmith. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  407 

13  May,  1861.     Roxbury.  —  Corporal,  22  Dec.,  1861,  to 
.  .  Dec.,  1861 ;  sergeant,  9  Oct.,  1862.     Wounded  in  chin, 

17  Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam ;   discharged  inconsequence, 

24  Jan.,  1863. 

COXANT,  James  H.    38.    Londonderry,  N.H.  Spirit-merchant. 

18  May,   1861.     Lawrence.  —  Discharged   for   disability, 

25  April,  1863. 

COSTELLO,  John.     20.     Ireland.     Laborer.     17  Feb.,  1862. 

Springfield.  —  Wounded,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam,  and 

missing;  dropped  from  the  rolls,  27  July,  1863. 
COULSON,  Joseph.      19.      New- York  City.      Weaver.      13 

May,  1861.     Roxbury.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 
Cox,  William.     34.    Newark  (?).      Cigar-maker.    18  March, 

1862.    Springfield.  —  Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  1 7  Oct., 

1863. 
CROXIN,  Patrick.    28.    Ireland.    Bootmaker.    5  July,  1862. 

Milford.  —  Wounded  in  arm,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellors- 

ville  ;    returned  to  duty,  10  Aug.,  1863.     Re-enlisted. — 

See  Second  Term. 
DAMON,  Isaac  B.      35.      Scituate,   Mass.     Harness-maker. 

27  Feb.,    1862.      Weymouth. —  Detailed    as   regimental 
harness-maker,  February,  1862.     Detached  to  brigade  train, 

28  Dec.,  1862,  to  26  Sept.,  1863.     Detailed  as  regimentajl 
harness-maker,   17   Nov.,   1863.      Mustered  out  28  May, 
1864. 

D'AVIGXOX,  Francis.  44.  Sevres,  France.  Artist.  11 
May,  1861.  Med ford.  —  Corporal,  .  .  .  1861,  to  .  .  June, 

1861.  Detached  as  artist  to  corps  headquarters,  30  July, 

1862.  Discharged  by  order  of  War  Department,  11  May, 
1863. 

DAVIS,  Lorenzo.  41.  Sangersville,  Me.  Mason.  28  May, 
1861.  East  Abington.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862, 
at  Winchester ;  returned  to  duty,  23  Oct.,  1862.  Killed 
in  action,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chaucellorsville. 

DOERFLER,  John.  30.  Germany.  Weaver.  18  May, 
1861.  Lawrence.  —  Wounded  in  knee,  24  May,  1863,  at 


408      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Kernstown,  Va. ;    transferred  to  Invalid   Corps,    1    Sept., 

1863. 
DRUG  AN,  John  A.     19.     East  Boston,  Mass.     Moulder.     16 

May,    1861.      Walpole.  —  Wounded   in    thigh,    24  May, 

1862,  near  Newtown,  Va. ;  discharged  in  consequence,  25 

July,  1862. 
EASTMAN,  Albert  D.     29.     Chester,  N.H.     ...     18  May, 

1861.  Lowell.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  1 5  Feb.,  1862  ; 
but  discharge   papers   were  not   received  until    22   Feb., 

1862,  on  which  day  he  died,  at  Frederick,  Md. 
EATON,  Minot   H.      33.      Rockingham,  Vt.      Printer.     13 

May,  1861.  Lynn.  —  Corporal,  18  Feb.,  1862,  to  16 
Feb.,  1863;  sergeant,  14  April,  1863,  to  25  Aug.,  1863. 
Wounded  in  neck,  24  May,  1862,  near  Kernstown,  Va., 
and  taken  prisoner  the  next  day ;  returned  to  duty,  23  Oct., 
1862.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

EDMUNDS,  James  S.  29.  Charlestown,  Mass.  Teamster. 
18  May,  1861.  Billerica.  —  Wounded  in  head,  9  Aug., 
1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain;  returned  to  duty,  24  Oct.,  1862. 
Wounded  in  hip  and  in  arm,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg; 
died  in  consequence,  20  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg. 

ELLSWORTH,  Andrew  B.     19.     ...     Machinist.    12  Oct., 

1861.  Lowell.  —  Detailed  as  regimental  wagoner,  .  .  Feb., 

1862,  to  19  Oct.,  1863;  and  30  Oct.,  1863.     Re-enlisted. 
—  See  Second  Term. 

FARR,  Edwards  D.  19.  Leicester,  Mass.  Seaman.  14 
May,  1861.  Leicester. —  Wounded  in  foot,  9  Aug.,  1862, 
at  Cedar  Mountain ;  discharged  in  consequence,  14  Feb., 
1863. 

FINN,  Bernard.  19.  Ireland.  Shoemaker.  20  May,  1861. 
Wrentham. — Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winches 
ter  ;  returned  to  duty,  23  Oct.,  1862.  Wounded  in  shoulder, 
3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville ;  returned  to  duty,  21 
Nov.,  1863.  Discharged  for  disability,  23  Feb.,  1864. 

FLAGG,  Thomas  B.  24.  Kennebunk,  Me.  Farmer.  22 
July,  1862.  Wilmington.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  11 
Nov.,  1862. 


THE    ENLISTED   MEN.  409 

FLYNN,  Patrick.  32.  Waterford,  Ireland.  Wood-turner. 
11  May,  1861.  Waltham. —  Detailed  company  musician, 
May,  1861.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

FORD,  John.  22.  Galway,  Ireland.  Laborer.  14  May, 
1861.  Boston.  —  Wounded  in  hand,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  An- 
tietam  ;  discharged  in  consequence,  2  March,  1863. 

FORNICE,  William  L.  22.  Salem,  Mass.  Laborer.  14 
Oct.,  1862.  ...  —  Discharged  for  disability,  16  Jan.,  1863. 

FORREST,  Michael  A.  20.  Cork,  Ireland.  Shoemaker. 
13  May,  1861.  Cambridge.  —  Corporal,  1  Sept.,  1863. 
Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

FREEMAN,  Omer  W.  18.  8 wanton,  Vt.  Shoemaker.  15 
May,  1861.  Lynn.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  24  April, 
1863. 

FREEMAN,  Willard  0.  44.  Swanton,  Vt.  Carpenter.  24 
July,  1862.  Lynn.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  30  March, 
1863. 

GILLESPIE,  James  J.  20.  Galway,  Ireland.  Printer.  11 
May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Detailed  as  clerk  in  adjutant's 
office,  5  Aug.,  1862.  Discharged  for  disability,  28  Jan., 
1863. 

GLIDDEN,  George  A.  32.  New  Durham,  N.H.  Shoe 
maker.  13  May,  1861.  Natick.  —  Corporal,  June,  1861 ; 
sergeant,  25  Feb.,  1862.  Wounded  in  arm,  9  Aug.,  1862, 
at  Cedar  Mountain;  discharged  in  consequence,  2  Feb., 
1863. 

HANCOCK,  Leander  C.  21.  Boston,  Mass.  Japanner.  15 
May,  1861.  Boston.— Corporal,  26  Feb.,  1862.  Wounded 
in  hand,  24  May,  1862,  at  Kernstown,  Va.,  and  taken  pris 
oner ;  discharged  in  consequence  of  wounds,  11  Oct.,  1862. 

BANNING,  James.  21.  Dumfries,  Scotland.  Clerk.  15 
May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Corporal,  1  Sept.,  1863.  Wounded 
in  neck,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg;  not  disabled.  Re- 
enlisted. —  See  Second  Term. 

HANSCOM,  Charles  D.  23.  Portsmouth,  N.H.  Carpenter. 
'  15  May,  1861.  Portsmouth,  N.H.  —  Corporal,  22  Dec., 


410      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

1861.  Wounded  in  hip,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellors 
ville  ;  discharged  in  consequence,  12  Dec.,  1863. 

HANSCOJT,  Creighton  G.  22.  Portsmouth,  N.H.  Printer. 
26  Aug.,  1862.  Portsmouth,  N.H. —  Killed  in  action,  3 
May,  1863,  at;  Chancellorsville. 

HARDING,  George.  25.  Brunswick,  Me.  Laborer.  23 
May,  1861.  Boston. —  Discharged  for  disability,  21  Nov., 
18G2. 

HART,  John  L.  24.  Sligo,  Ireland.  Laborer.  15  May, 
1861.  Springfield.  —  Corporal,  .  .  .  1861,  to  11  Dec., 
1861.  Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  16  Jan.,  1864. 

HIGGINS,  Charles.  26.  Ballinacurra,  Ireland.  Laborer. 
14  May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Killed  in  action,  24  May,  1862, 
at  Bartonsville,  Va. 

HILL,  Charles  H.  20.  Athol,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  22 
May,  1861.  Athol.  —  Wounded  in  thigh,  3  July,  1863,  at 
Gettysburg.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

HINES,  Michael.  29.  Ireland.  Tailor.  3  July,  1862. 
^Boston.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  4  March,  1863. 

HOBBS,  James.  22.  Livermore,  Me.  Teamster.  14  May, 
1861.  Livermore,  Me.  —  Corporal,  22  Dec.,  1861  ;  color- 
corporal,  .  .  .  1863.  Wounded  in  breast,  3  July,  1863, 
at  Gettysburg,  while  carrying  the  colors ;  discharged  in 
consequence,  January,  1864. 

HULMES,  John.  22.  Manchester,  England.  Baker.  18 
May,  1861.  Lawrence.  —  Wounded,  24  May,  1862,  near 
Newtown,  Va.,  and  missing ;  dropped  from  the  rolls, 
November,  1862. 

HUTCHINSON,  James.  42.  Londonderry,  Ireland.  Clerk. 
9  Aug.,  1862.  Boston.  —  Wounded  in  thigh,  3  May, 
1863,  at  Chancellorsville;  returned  to  duty,  19  May, 
1863.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

JAMES,  John  E.  20.  Hereford,  England.  Baker.  17 
May,  1861.  Wilmington.  —  Corporal,  22  Dec.,  1861; 
sergeant,  16  Feb.,  1863;  first  sergeant,  14  April,  1863. 
Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester ;  returned  to 
duty,  23  Oct.,  1862.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  411 

JAQUITH,  Simeon.  20.  Wilmington,  Mass.  Wheelwright. 
18  May,  1861.  Woburn.  —  Corporal,  11  Aug.,  1861.  Dis 
charged  as  a  minor,  25  Aug.,  1861. 

JOHNSON,  Calvin.  23.  Williamsburg,  Mass.  Farmer.  1 
June,  1861.  Williamsburg.  —  Transferred  to  Invalid 
Corps,  15  Feb..  1864. 

JOY,  John.  24.  Kilkenny,  Ireland.  Waiter.  26  Aug., 
1862.  Boston.  —  Killed  in  action,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettys 
burg. 

KENNIER,  Bartholemew.  25.  Ireland.  Operative.  8 
March,  1862.  Springfield. —Wounded,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at 
Antietam  ;  transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  20  Nov.,  1863. 

KERNES,  Thomas  A.  22.  Ireland.  Shoemaker.  21  May, 
1861.  Natick.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  22  Nov.,  1862. 

KITTREDGE,  Charles  E.  18 11  Oct.,  1861. 

Lowell.  —  Died  of  typhoid  fever,  7  Dec.,  1861,  at  Freder 
ick,  Md. 

LENNON,  Thomas  H.  22.  Roxbury,  Mass.  Teamster. 
13  May,  1861.  Roxbury.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second 
Term. 

LTDON,  Thomas.     22.     Mayo,  Ireland.     Laborer.     13  May, 

1861.  .  .  .  — Taken   prisoner,   25   May,   1862,  at  Win 
chester;  returned  to  duty,  23  Oct.,  1862.     Taken  prisoner, 
9  June,  1863,  at  Beverly  Ford  ;  returned  to  duty,  1  March, 

.  1864.     Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

MARA,  Patrick.  22.  Athlone,  Ireland.  Shoemaker.  18 
May,  1861.  Roxbury.  —  Wounded  in  arm,  3  May,  1863, 
at  Chancellorsville ;  returned  to  duty,  30  July,  1863.  Dis 
charged  for  disability,  24  Feb.,  1864. 

MARTIN,  John.  33.  ...  N.B.  Carpenter.  4  June,  1862. 
Roxbury.  —  Killed  in  action,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancel- 
lorsville. 

MATTHEWS,  John.     27.     Boston,  Mass.     Steward.     7  July, 

1862.  Boston.  —  Wounded    in    hand,   9  Aug.,   1862,    at 
Cedar  Mountain.     Deserted,  11  Oct.,  1862,  from  General 
Hospital. 


412      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

MAXCEY,  Edward.  23.  New  Bedford,  Mass.  Sailor.  11 
May,  1861.  New  Bedford.  —  Corporal,  11  May,  1861,  to 
.  .  Sept.,  1861.  Detached  to  gunboat  on  the  Mississippi, 

14  Feb.,  1862  ;  dropped  from  the  rolls,  27  July,  1863. 
MAYNARD,   Simon  O.      23.      Enosburg,   Vt.     Grocer.      15 

May,  1861.  Enosburg,  Vt, —  Corporal,  15  May,  1861,  to 
11  Aug.,  1861;  and  again,  25  Feb.,  1862;  sergeant,  22 
Oct.,  1863.  Wounded  in  arm,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winches 
ter;  returned  to  duly,  16  Sept.,  1862.  Mustered  out  28 
May,  1864. 

MCCAFFREY,  Cornelius.  18.  Ireland.  Operative.  21 
Feb.,  1862.  Boston.  —  Corporal,  28  May,  1864 ;  sergeant, 
1  July,  1864.  Wounded  in  thigh,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettys 
burg ;  returned  to  duty,  1  April,  1864.  Re-enlisted,  23 
Feb.,  1864. —  See  Second  Term. 

MCCARTHY,  Michael.  19.  Boston,  Mass.  Farmer.  13 
March,  1862.  Springfield.  —  Wounded,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at 
Cedar  Mountain  ;  discharged  in  consequence,  6  Nov.,  1862. 

McCoRMiCK,  John.  24.  Tyrone,  Ireland.  Teamster.  15 
May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Enlisted  wagoner.  Discharged 
for  disability,  16  Nov.,  1862. 

MCLAUGHLIN,  Patrick.  22.  Donegal,  Ireland.  Currier. 
13  May,  1861.  .  .  .  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

McTiGHE,  Patrick.  18.  Galway,  Ireland.  Carpenter.  11 
May,  1861.  Roxbury. —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

McKENNY,  Elisha.  34.  Woolwich,  Me.  Carpenter.  15 
May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Corporal,  15  May,  1861,  to  11 
Aug.,  1861.  —  Detached  as  pioneer  to  First  Division,.. 
Feb.,  1862,  to  1  April,  1862;  and  again,  6  April,  1862,  to 
23  March,  1863.'  Killed  in  action,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chan- 
cellorsville. 

MOGLE,  George,  jr.  25.  Troy,  N.Y.  Printer.  11  May, 
1861.  .  .  .  —  Deserted  30  Aug.,  1861.. 

MOORI-:,  Thomas.    38.     Queen's  County,  Ireland.  Shoemaker. 

15  May,  1861.     Saxonville.  —  Wounded  in  wrist,  3  July, 
1863,  at  Gettysburg.     Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  413 

MUNROE,  Andrew  B.  25.  North  Reading,  Mass.  Shoe 
maker.  19  May,  1861.  North  Reading. —  Corporal,  11 
Aug.,  1861.  Wounded  in  leg,  24  May,  1862,  near  Kerns- 
town,  Va.,  and  prisoner ;  paroled  ;  discharged  in  consequence, 
in  1862. 

NASON,  Horace.  21.  Chesterville,  Me.  Teamster.  15 
May,  1861.  Natick Sergeant,  15  May,  1861 ;  first  ser 
geant,  25  Feb.,  1862.  Discharged  for  disability,  2  Feb., 
1863. 

NELSON,  Thomas.  18.  Boston,  Mass.  Driver.  28  May, 
1861.  Dorchester.  —  Taken  prisoner,  .  .  Aug.,  1862,  near 
Manassas  Junction;  returned  to  duty,  26  Oct.,  1862. 
Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

NICHOLS,  Charles  A.  21.  Lowell,  Mass.  Baker.  17 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  3  April, 
1862. 

NUTT,  William.     24.     Topsham,  Vt.     Shoemaker.    15  May, 

1861.  Natick.  —  Corporal,  15   May,   1861;  sergeant,  11 
Aug.,  1861.     Discharged,  15  March,  1863,  to  receive  the 
commission  of  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifty-fourth  Massa 
chusetts,  dated  5  March ;  first  lieutenant,  22  May ;  captain 
in   the  Fifty-fifth  Massachusetts,  23  May,   1863;    major, 
23  Nov.,  1864;  lieutenant-colonel,  25  June,  1865.     Mus 
tered  out  29  Aug.,  1865. 

O'CONNOR,  Lawrence.     29.     Ireland.     Laborer.    10  March, 

1862.  .  .  .  —  In  hospital,  Columbus,  Ohio,  10  April,  1865, 
when  mustered  out. 

O'CONNOR,  Timothy.      20.      Cork,  Ireland.      Law-student. 

13  May,  1861.  —  Detailed  as  regimental  clerk,  .  .  Ma}r, 

1861.  Severely  wounded  in  breast  by  guerillas,  12  May, 

1862,  near   Woodstock,    Va.  ;    discharged   for    disability, 
in  1862.     (Admitted  to  practice  of  law  in  Boston.) 

O'DONNELL,  Anthony.     34.     ...  N.H.     Cutler.     11  May, 
1861.     Boston.* — Detached  to  gunboat  on  the  Mississippi, 

14  Feb.,  1862.     Dropped  from  the  rolls,  27  July,  1863. 
PARKER,   Rufus   A.      20.      Monson,  Mass.      Farmer.      11 


414      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

March,  1862.  Springfield.  —  Wounded  through  lungs, 
3  July,  18G3,  at  Gettysburg;  died  in  consequence,  21  July, 
1863,  at  Gettysburg. 

PATTISON,  Everett  W.  22.  Waterville,  Me.  Student. 
27  May,  1861.  Worcester. —  First  sergeant,  27  May, 
1861  ;  promoted  to  be  second  lieutenant,  4  Feb.,  1862. — 
See  Commissioned  Officers. 

PIERS  ON,  Hiram  J.  28.  Tewksbury,  Mass.  Carpenter. 
18  May,  1861.  Tewksbury.  —  Corporal,  18  Sept.,  1861  ; 
sergeant,  14  April,  1863,  to  25  Aug.,  1863  ;  corporal  again, 
24  Dec.,  1863,  to  29  Dec.,  1863.  Wounded  in  head, 
9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain;  returned  to  duty,  25 
Oct.,  1862.  Wounded  in  shoulder,  15  May,  1864,  at 
Resaca,  and  died  in  consequence,  11  June,  1864. 

PRATT,  Reuben  A.  24.  North  Chelsea,  Mass.  Brick- 
maker.  11  May,  1861.  North  Chelsea. —  Discharged  for 
disability,  15  Jan.,  1862. 

QUINN,  George  W.     19.     Boston,  Mass.     Printer.     11  May, 

1861.  Boston.  —  Wounded  in  leg,   24  May,  1862,  near 
Kernstown,  Ya. ;  taken  prisoner;  parolled  ;  discharged  in 
consequence  of  wounds,  in  1862. 

QUINN,   Patrick  S.     19.     ...  Ireland.      Dyer.      23   June, 

1862.  Lowell.  —  Taken  prisoner,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar 
Mountain ;    never  returned  to  duty  ;   discharged  fur  disa 
bility,  29  Nov.,  1862. 

RAMBECK,  Leonard.  34.  Germany.  Spinner.  17  May, 
1861.  .  .  . —  Died  of  typhoid  fever,  19  Oct.,  1861,  at 
Darnestown,  Md. 

REED,  Israel  S.  32.  Auburn,  N.H.  Watchman.  17 
May,  1861.  Hampstead,  N.H.  — Died,  13  March,  1863, 
at  Frederick,  Md. 

REED,  Levi  G.  35.  Uxbridge,  Mass.  Rivet-driver.  18 
May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Deserted  17  June,  1862. 

RICHARDSON,  George  W.  23.  Billerica,  Mass.  Shoe 
maker.  18  May,  1861.  Billerica.  —  Deserted  27  June? 
1861. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  415 

RICHARDSON,  Harry  G.  26.  Northampton,  Mass.  Car 
penter.  14  May,  1861.  Sunderland.  —  Sergeant,  14 
May,  1861.  Discharged  for  disability,  10  Feb.,  1863. 

Ross,  James.  26.  Manchester,  P'ngland.  Spinner.  23 
June,  1862.  Boston.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  2  April, 
1863. 

SAWYER,  Andrew  IT.  24.  New  Gloucester,  Me.  Sailor. 
22  July,  1862.  Boston.  —  Wounded  in  hip,  3  May,  1863, 
at  Chancellorsville  ;  died  in  consequence,  18  Aug.,  1863,  at 
Washington,  D.C. 

SHEERIN,  Charles  S.  20.  Boston,  Mass.  Printer.  14 
May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Discharged  14  Feb.,  1863,  to  re 
ceive  the  commission  of  second  lieutenant  in  the  Sixteenth 
Massachusetts,  of  that  date. 

SHEPHERD,  Joseph  F.  22.  Northampton,  Mass.  Book 
binder.  11  May,  1861.  Northampton.  —  Corporal,  18 
Sept.,  1861,  to  5  Dec.,  1861.  Discharged  for  disability, 
5  June,  1862. 

SMITH,  Patrick  C.  34.  Dublin,  Ireland.  Tanner.  18 
May,  1861.  Lawrence.  —  Wounded  in  arm,  3  May,  1863, 
at  Chancellorsville ;  transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  15  Sept., 
1863. 

STEELE,  Joseph.  32.  Newburyport,  Mass.  Sailor.  1 1 
May,  1861.  Byfield.  —  Wounded  in  leg,  24  May,  1862, 
near  Kernstown,  Ya.,  and  taken  prisoner ;  returned  to 
duty,  19  Dec.,  1862.  Wounded  in  breast,  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville;  returned  to  duty,  2  April,  1864.  Mus 
tered  out  28  May,  1864. 

SYLVESTER,  Loammi  B.  29.  Hanover,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
27  Feb.,  1862.  Boston.  —  Wounded  in  arm  and  breast,  9 
Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain ;  died  in  consequence, 
7  Sept.,  1862,  at  Alexandria,  Va. 

TAYLOR,  Elbridge  G.  23.  Wilmington,  Mass.  Carpenter. 
18  May,  1861.  Wilmington.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May, 
1862,  at  Winchester;  died  of  fever,  16  Aug.,  1862,  at 
Richmond,  Va.,  while  a  prisoner. 


416      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

THAYER,  Alfred  S.     30.     Boston,  Mass.     Clerk.     18  May, 

1861.  Middleboro'. —  Detached  to  signal  corps,  .  .  Aug., 
1861  ;  transferred  to  signal  corps,  1  Aug.,  1863. 

TRAYNER,  Charles.  29.  Monaghan,  Ireland.  Laborer.  13 
May,  1861.  Waltham.  —  Wounded  in  leg,  24  May,  1862, 
near  Kernstown,  Va.,  and  taken  prisoner;  returned  to 
duty,  19  Dec.,  1862.  Killed  in  action,  3  July,  1863,  at 
Gettysburg. 

TUCKER,  William  L.  24.  Roxbury,  Mass.  Machinist. 
14  Oct.,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  16 
Feb.,  1862. 

VOELCKERS,  Frederick  S.  22.  Boston,  Mass.  Machinist. 
13  May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  4 
Jan.,  1862. 

WALSH,  Michael.  27.  Luborn(P),  Ireland.  Laborer.  7 
July,  1862.  Lowell.—  Deserted  26  Jan.,  1863. 

WEBB,  James.  32.  Haverhill,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  11 
May,  1861.  Lawrence.  —  Killed  in  action,  3  May,  1863, 
at  Chancellorsville. 

WEBB,  William  H.  34.  Haverhill,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
11  May,  1861.  Haverhill. —  Discharged  for  disability, 
6  July,  1861. 

WHEELER,  Austin  E.  18.  Canaan,  Me.  Shoemaker.  18 
May,  1861.  Lawrence.  —  Wounded  in  hip,  3  May,  1863, 
at  Chancellorsville;  returned  to  duty,  18  Oct.,  1863.  Re- 
enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

WHITE,  John  H.  21.  Framingham,  Mass.  Shoemaker. 
18  May,  1861.  Wilmington.  —  Detailed  company  musi 
cian,  May,  1861.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

WHITEHOUSE,  John  S.  26.  Somersworth,  N.H.  Mechanic. 
18  May,  1861.  Dover,  N.H.  —  Discharged  for  disability, 
in  1863. 

WHITNEY,  Turner.  23.  Natick,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  15 
May,  1861.  Natick.  —  Corporal,  11  Aug.,  1861,  to  9  Oct., 

1862.  Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  15  Dec.,  1863. 
WIGGIN,  John.     19.     Cambridge,  Mass.     Butcher.     7  July, 

1862.     Boston.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  417 

WILLIS,  George  H.  22.  Wayland,  Mass.  Clicker.  15 
May,  1861.  Natick.  —  Sergeant,  15  May,  1861;  color- 
sergeant,  .  .  .  1862,  to  4  July,  1862.  Killed  in  action,* 

9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain. 

WILSON,  Francis.  18.  Norristown,  Pa.  Laborer.  11 
May,  1861.  Reading,  Pa.  Wounded  in  face,  9  Aug., 
1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain ;  returned  to  duty,  10  Oct.,  1862. 
Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

WRIGHT,  Samuel.  21.  Roxbury,  Mass.  Driver.  28 
May,  1861.  Roxbury.  —  Detailed  as  regimental  wagoner, 
1  July,  1861.  Detached  as  wagoner  to  brigade  head 
quarters,  March,  1862.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

YOUNG,  Benjamin  F.  28.  Strafford,  N.H.  Shoemaker. 
13  May,  1861.  Natick.  —  Corporal,  18  Sept.,  1861,  to 

10  Dec.,  1861.     Deserted  22  June,  1862. 

YOUNG,  Ira  M.  21.  Waltham,  Mass.  Machinist.  15 
May,  1861.  Roxbury.  —  Wounded  in  leg,  9  Aug.,  1862, 
at  Cedar  Mountain  ;  discharged  in  consequence,  31  March, 
1863. 


COMPANY    K. 

ACKERMAN,  Joseph  L.     41.     Ipswich,  Mass.     Painter.     9 

Aug.,  1862.    Ipswich.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  2  Feb., 

1864. 
ANGUS,  John.     25.     Germany.     Laborer.     14  July,  1862. 

South  Boston.  —  Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,   15  Dec., 

1863. 
BACKUS,  Marvin.     18.     Great  Barrington,  Mass.     Farmer. 

30  May,  1861.     Lee.— Wounded  in  leg,  9  Aug.,   1862, 

at  Cedar  Mountain ;  discharged  in  consequence,  19  Oct., 

1862. 
BAILEY,  George.     21.     Tewksbury,  Mass.     Shoemaker.    23 

May,   1861.     Tewksbury.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  19 

Jan.,  1863. 

27 


418  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

BAKER,  James  S.  18.  Dumbarton,  N.H.  Railway-worker. 
20  May,  1861.  Billerica.  —  Dropped  from  the  rolls,  17 
Nov.,  1862. 

BANCROFT,  Norris.  21.  Nelson,  N.H.  Laborer.  14 
May,  1861.  Chesterfield.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  8 
July,  1861. 

BARTON,  John  F.  33.  Randolph,  Mass.  Bootmaker.  8 
Aug.,  1862.  Ipswich.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

BEACH,  Samuel  S.  19.  Bridgeport,  Mass.  Student.  29 
May,  1861.  Canaan  (?).  — Corporal,  1  July,  1861,  to 
15  April,  1862,  when  returned  .to  the  ranks  at  his  own 
request.  Detailed  in  quartermaster's  department,  June, 
1861.  Detached  as  clerk  *at  division  headquarters,  .  .  . 
Enlisted  in  regular  service,  and  dropped,  8  March,  1864. 

BISHOP,  Milton.  20.  Salisbury,  Conn.  Farmer.  29 
May,  1861.  Stockbridge.  —  Taken  prisoner,  3  July,  1863, 
at  Gettysburg;  returned  to  duty,  29  Oct.,  1863.  Re- 
enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

BORTCHY,  George.  39.  Feichvaugen,  Bavaria.  Coach- 
maker.  25  May,  1861.  Boston. — A  cavalry  soldier  in 
Europe.  Wounded  in  arm,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Moun 
tain  ;  returned  to  duty.  Killed  in  action,  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville. 

BRACE,  Charles  E.  22.  Stockbridge,  Mass.  Farmer.  29 
May,  1861.  Stockbridge.  —  Wagoner,  1  July,  1861,  to 
17  Dec.,  1861;  corporal,  15  April,  1862;  sergeant,  1 
March,  1863,  to  1  June,  1863.  Wounded  in  groin,  3  May, 
1863,  at  Chancellorsville ;  transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  18 
July,  1863. 

BROWN,  Lewis.  19.  Jefferson,  .  .  .  Seaman.  22  May, 
1861.  South  Maiden.  —  Detailed  as  company  cook,  23 
June,  1861.  Discharged  for  disability,  20  Aug.,  1861. 

BUNNING,  John  F.  23.  Holstein,  Germany.  Mason.  22 
May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Killed  in  action,  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville. 

BURGHARDT,  John  H.     20.    Stockbridge,  Mass.    Machinist. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  419 

29  May,  1861.  Stockbridge.  —  Detailed  as  regimental 
armorer,  16  June,  1861.  Detached  as  brigade  armorer,  6 
Aug.,  1862,  to  18  Oct.,  1862  ;  as  division  armorer,  21  May, 
1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

CAREY,  Patrick.  22.  Newtown,  Ireland.  Shoemaker.  20 
May,  1861.  Holliston.  —  Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps, 
1  Sept.,  1863. 

CARROLL,  John.  26.  Cork,  Ireland.  Tanner.  29  May, 
1861.  Otis.  —  Discharged  20  Oct.,  1862. 

CARTER,  Peter.  33.  Montreal,  C.E.  Farmer.  14  May, 
1861.  Northampton.  —  Wounded  in  hand,  9  Aug.,  1862, 
at  Cedar  Mountain;  returned  to  duty,  10  Oct.,  1862  ;  dis 
charged  in  consequence  of  wounds,  17  Jan.,  1863. 

CASEY,  Timothy.  23.  Kerry,  Ireland.  Laborer.  20  May, 
1861.  Wareham.  —  Corporal,  20  May,  1861,  to  1  July, 
1861  ;  and  again,  15  April,  1862  ;  sergeant,  1  June,  1863. 
Wounded,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam.  Taken  prisoner, 
3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg;  in  parole  camp,  28  May, 
1864.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

CHRISTENSEN,  Hans  G.  32.  Copenhagen,  Denmark.  Piano- 
maker.  13  May,  1861.  Boston.  —  A  soldier  in  the  Dan 
ish  service  (color-bearer)  in  the  war  of  1848.  Sergeant,  13 
May,  1861  ;  color-sergeant,  28  June,  1861.  Discharged 
for  disability,  14  Oct.,  1861. 

CLAPP,  Thomas.  42.  Boston,  Mass.  Blacksmith.  30 
May,  1861.  Ashland.  —  Detailed  as  company  cook,  May, 
1861.  Discharged  for  disability,  9  Aug.,  1861. 
CLARK,  Benjamin.  25.  Northampton,  Mass.  Farmer. 
15  May,  1861.  Northampton.  —  Corporal,  1  June,  1863. 
Term  prolonged.  On  recruiting  service  in  Boston  Harbor^ 
in  1864.  Mustered  out  July,  1865. 

CLARK,  Joseph  C.     28.     Northampton,  Mass.     Driver.     13 
May,   1861.     Northampton. — Detached  to   division   ord 
nance  department,  7  Nov.,  1862.     Re-enlisted.  —  See  Sec 
ond  Term. 
CLARY,  Daniel.     31.     Kilfaune,  Ireland.      Shoemaker.     22 


420      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

May,  1861.  West  Randolph.  —  Corporal,  22  May,  1861 ; 
sergeant,  1  July,  1861;  first  sergeant,  15  April,  1862,  to 
27  Oct.,  1862,  when  returned  to  the  ranks  at  his  own  re 
quest ;  sergeant  again,  29  Nov.,  1862.  Taken  prisoner, 
25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester;  returned  to  duty  .  .  . 
Wounded  in  chest,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg;  returned 
to  duty,  18  Feb.,  1864.  Re-enlisted  18  Feb.,  1864.  —  See 
Second  Term. 

CLARY,  Ethan  A.  27.  Stockbridge,  Mass.  Machinist. 
29  May,  1861.  Stockbridge. —  Corporal,  13  Feb.,  1862, 
to  27  Sept.,  1862.  Wounded  in  hand,  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville ;  absent  in  hospital,  28  May,  1864,  when 
mustered  out. 

COGSWELL,  William.  26.  Ipswich,  Mass.  Merchant.  8 
Aug.,  1862.  Ipswich.  —  Detailed  as  company  cook,  1  Oct., 

1862,  to  3  Oct.,  1862 ;    and  again,  .  .  .      Discharged  for 
disability,  28  April,  1863. 

COLE,  Henry  W.  19.  Barre,  Mass.  Clerk.  14  May, 
1861.  Northampton. —  Corporal,  14  May,  1861 ;  sergeant, 
1  July,  1861,  to  10  Dec.,  1861.  Wounded  in  thigh,  25 
May,  1862,  at  Winchester;  discharged  in  consequence,  4 
Oct.,  1862. 

CONLAN,  James.  25.  Dublin,  Ireland.  Laborer.  22  May, 
1861.  Boston.  —  A  soldier  in  the  English  service.  Cor 
poral,  22  May,  1861,  to  27  Nov.,  1861.  Killed  in  action, 
9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain. 

DAILY,  Jeremiah.  21.  Cork,  Ireland.  Machinist.  13  May, 
1861.  Northampton. —  Corporal,  1  July,  1861,  to  10  Dec., 

1861.  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester;   re 
turned  to  duty,  25  Oct.,  1862.     Wounded  in  knee,  3  July, 

1863,  at  Gettysburg.     Sent  to  hospital  at  Fort  Schuyler, 
and  died  31  Dec.,  1863. 

DALY,  Thomas.  28.  Farbane,  Ireland.  Farmer.  29 
May,  1861.  Stockbridge.  —  Killed  in  action,  9  Aug., 

1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain. 

DANIELS,  William.  20.  Westport,  N.Y.  Butcher.  29 
May,  1861.  Lee.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 


THE    ENLISTED   MEN.  421 

DELANY,  James.  24.  Yorkshire,  England.  Clothier.  27 
May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

DEVINE,  Thomas.  19.  New-York  City.  Marble-cutter. 
22  May,  1861,  Brookline.  —  Deserted  12  Sept.,  1862. 

DITSON,  Minot  S.     23.     Dracut,  Mass.    Teamster.    14  Oct., 

1861.  Lowell. —  Corporal,  30  Jan.,  1863.     Wounded  in 
leg,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain;   returned  to   duty, 
10  Oct.,  1862.     Wounded  in  arm,  3  July,  1863.  at  Gettys 
burg  ;  discharged  in  consequence,  7  Jan.,  1864. 

DONOVAN,  Timothy.  25.  Kinsale,  Ireland.  Moulder.  16 
May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Taken  prisoner,  25  May,  1862,  at 
Winchester;  returned  to  duty,  25  Oct.,  1862.  Absent  in 
hospital,  28  May,  1864,  when  mustered  out. 

DUNBRACH,  George  G.  38.  Halifax,  N.S.  Carpenter. 
21  May,  1861.  Roxbury.  —  Corporal,  21  May,  1861. 
Discharged  for  disability,  5  July,  1861. 

DUNN  ELS,  John  M.     23.    Ipswich,  Mass.    Tinsmith.    8  Aug., 

1862.  Ipswich.  —  Detailed   as  company  cook,   13  Dec., 

1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

ELDER,  John.  28.  Dundee,  Scotland.  Machinist.  14 
May,  1861.  Haydenville. — Taken  prisoner,  25  May, 

1862,  at  Winchester;    returned    to  duty,   23  Oct.,   1862. 
Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

ELLSWORTH,  Thomas  F.  21.  Ipswich,  Mass.  Clerk.  8 
Aug.,  1862.  Ipswich.  —  Corporal,  11  Oct.,  1863.  Wounded 
in  ankle,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg;  not  disabled.  Re- 
enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

FAY,  Michael.  26.  Mallay,  Ireland.  Laborer.  23  May, 
1861.  Boston.  —  Corporal,  26  Sept.,  1862.  Wounded  in 
hand,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg;  returned  to  duty,  .  . 
Aug.,  1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

FENNER,  George  W.  22.  Abington,  Mass.  Farmer.  29 
May,  1861.  Lee.  —  Corporal,  13  Feb.,  1862,  to  1  June, 

1863.  Wounded  in  hand   (by  bayonet),  9  Aug.,  1862,  at 
Cedar  Mountain;  dropped  from  the  rolls,  31  Aug.,  1863. 

FLETCHER,   James    H 25    May,    1861. 


422      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Boston.  —  Assigned  to  company  K,  from  post  of  quarter 
master-sergeant,  .  .  .  1861 ;  remained  in  hospital  until  dis 
charged  for  disability,  23  May,  1862. 
FOSTER,  Samuel  P.    26.    Ipswich,  Mass.    Farmer.    8  Aug., 

1862.  Ipswich.  —  Wounded    in    arm,   3    July,   1863,  at 
Gettysburg.     Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

GILLANEY,  John.     19.     Leitrim,  Ireland.     Tailor.     15  May, 

1861.  Boston.  —  Detailed  as   company  cook,  10  March, 

1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

HARDY,  Augustus  W.  33.  Medway,  Mass.  House-painter. 
25  May,  1861.  Franklin.  —  Detailed  as  company  cook, 
.  .  May,  1861.  Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  1  July, 
1863. 

HARRIS,   George.     27.     Ipswich,  Mass.     Farmer.     8  Aug., 

1862.  Ipswich.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 
HAYNES,  Amasa.     35.     Hopkinton,  Mass.     Shoemaker.     17 

May,  1861.  Medford.  —  Dropped  from  the  rolls,  20  Oct., 
1862. 

HAUBOLDT,  William.  31.  Chemnitz,  Saxony.  Clerk.  25 
May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Wounded  in  six  places,  9  Aug., 
1-862,  at  Cedar  Mountain;  died  in  consequence,  .  .  Aug., 
1862,  at  Alexandria. 

HAYWARD,  Albert.  19.  St.  John,  N.B.  Shoemaker.  28 
May,  1861.  Newton.  —  Taken  prisoner,  4  May,  1862, 
near  Harrisonburg,  Va.  Deserted  from  hospital  at  Alex 
andria,  30  Oct.,  1862. 

HOYT,  Edward  J.  19.  Brimfield,  Mass.  Farmer.  14 
May,  1861.  Northampton.  —  Term  prolonged.  Dis 
charged  by  order  of  War  Department,  10  June,  1864. 

JELLISON,  John  W.  21.  Shapleigh,  Me.  Sawyer.  27 
May,  1861.  Shapleigh,  Me. — Died  of  chronic  diarrhoea, 
25  Nov.,  1862,  at  Philadelphia. 

JELLISON,  Joseph  R.  22.  Sanford,  Me.  Shoemaker.  27 
May,  1861.  Sanford,  Me.  —  Detached  to  gunboat  on  the 
Mississippi,  18  Feb.,  1862  ;  dropped  from  the  rolls,  5  Nov., 
1862. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  423 

JEWETT,  John  J.  31.  Ipswich,  Mass.  Merchant.  8  Aug., 
1862.  Ipswich.  —  Wounded  in  breast,  3  July,  1863,  at 
Gettysburg ;  died  in  consequence,  5  July,  1863,  at  Gettys 
burg. 

JOHNSON,  Albert  F.  18.  Westminster,  Mass.  Chairmaker. 
20  May,  1861.  Wounded,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam; 
discharged  in  consequence,  26  March,  1862. 

KIMBALL,  Daniel.  26.  Newbury,  Mass.  Mechanic.  8 
Aug.,  1862.  Ipswich.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

KNIGHTS,  John.  19.  Lyman,  Me.  Farmer.  28  May,  1861. 
Kenuebunk,  Me.  —  Died  of  typhoid  fever,  7  Feb.,  1862,  at 
Frederick,  Md. 

KNOX,  Rufus.  32.  Ipswich,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  8  Aug., 
1862.  Ipswich.  —  Wounded  in  side,  3  July,  1863,  at 
Gettysburg;  transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  15  Jan.,  1864. 

LANDRIGAN,  James  R.  19.  Clonnu-1,  Ireland.  Moulder. 
15  May,  1861.  Haydenville. —  Discharged  for  disability 
(from  accident),  14  Oct.,  1861. 

LANE,  Timothy  C.  21.  Manchester,  N.H.  Machinist.  23 
May,  1861.  Manchester,  N.H.  —  Enlisted  in  Third  United- 
States  Artillery,  16  Feb.,  1863. 

LAWLESS,  John.  31.  Athboy,  Ireland.  Laborer.  30  May, 
1861.  Stockbridge.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  9  Aug., 
1861. 

LE  BARON,  Charles.     26.     Mobile,  Ala.    Painter.    17  May, 

1861.  Boston.  —  Discharged    for    disability,    30    Sept., 
1861. 

LIVINGSTONE,   Asher.     18.     Canaan,  Ct.     Blacksmith.     30 

May,    1861.     Lee. —  Killed   in  action,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at 

Cedar  Mountain. 
LOGAN,  William.      20.     Galway,  Ireland.      Operative.     30 

May,    1861.       Stockbridge.  —  Corporal,    27    Nov.,    1861; 

sergeant,  15  April,  1862.     Wounded  in  each  leg,  9  Aug., 

1862,  at    Cedar    Mountain ;    discharged   in    consequence, 
Nov.,  1862. 

LORD,    Caleb.  H.      20.      Ipswich,    Mass.     Clerk.     8   Aug., 


424  SECOND    MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

1862.  Ipswich.  —  Corporal,  1  June,  1863;  sergeant,  10 
Oct.,  1863  ;  first  sergeant,  27  Nov.,  1863.  Re-enlisted. — 
See  Second  Term. 

LORD,  Moses  G.  42.  Ipswich,  Mass.  Cabinet-maker.  8 
Aug.,  1862.  Ipswich.  —  Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps, 
8  Feb.,  1864. 

LORD,  Nathaniel.  44.  Ipswich,  Mass.  Carpenter.  8  Aug., 
1862.  Ipswich.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  9  March, 
1863. 

Low,  Winthrop.  30.  Ipswich,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  8  Aug., 
1862.  Ipswich.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  22  Dec., 
1862. 

LUCY,  Daniel.  33.  Ireland.  Laborer.  13  Aug.,  1862. 
Ipswich.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

MARTIN,  Henry.  24.  London,  England.  Steward.  22 
May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Taken  prisoner,  4  May,  1 862,  near 
Harrisonburg,  Va. ;  returned  to  parole  camp ;  discharged 
for  disability,  Sept.,  1862. 

MCCARTHY,  John.  20.  Cork,  Ireland.  Laborer.  15 
May,  1861.  East  Boston.  —  Corporal,  27  Nov.,  1861. 
Wounded  in  foot,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain;  re 
turned  to  duty,  29  Nov.,  1862.  Died  of  bronchitis,  28 
Dec.,  1862,  at  Frederick,  Md. 

MCDONALD,  John.  19.  Lansingburg,  N.Y.  Farmer.  29 
May,  1861.  Lee.  —  Wounded  in  neck,  3  May,  1863,  at 
Chancellorsville  ;  not  disabled.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second 
Term. 

McDoxALD,  William.  25.  Dover,  England.  Paper- 
maker.  29  May,  1861.  Lee.  — Corporal,  14  Oct.,  1861  ; 
sergeant,  27  Oct.,  1862,  to  11  Oct.,  1863.  Wounded  in 
hand,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville;  returned  to  duty, 
14  Sept.  Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  Jan.,  1864. 

MclNTOSH,  Augustus.  20.  Brookline,  N.H.  Paper-maker. 
May,  1861.  Ashburnham.  —  Detailed  as  company  cook, 
in  1862.  Corporal,  1  March,  1863.  Re-enlisted. — See 
Second  Term. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  4£5 

McMuLLEN,   Michael.      23.      Aghrim,    Ireland.      Laborer. 

11  July,  1861.     Eastern.  —  Wounded  in  leg,  9  Aug.,  1862, 

at  Cedar  Mountain.    Wounded  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam  ; 

never  returned.      Dropped  from  the  rolls,  in  Aug.,  1863. 
MILLER,  Jacob.     22.     Baden,  Germany.     Baker.     17  July, 

1862.       Boston.  —  Discharged    for    disability,    26    April, 

1863. 
MINER,  Addison   C.     18.     Lee,  Mass.     Farmer.      29  May, 

1861.  Lee.  —  Detailed  as  hospital  attendant,  31  July,  1861, 
to  1862.     Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

Mix,  William  T.  25.  Fort  Ann,  N.Y.  Machinist.  29 
May,  1861.  Stockbridge.  —  Sergeant,  29  May,  1861  ;  first 
sergeant,  27  June,  1861.  Died  of  typhoid  fever,  22  Jan., 

1862,  at  Alexandria,  Va. 

MONTAGUE,  Benjamin  F.     40.    Leverett,  Mass.    Bootmaker. 

26  May,   1861.      Ashland.  —  Killed    in  action,    9   Aug., 
1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain. 

MORRIS,  George.  19.  Concord,  Mass.  Painter.  20  May, 
J861.  Billerica.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

MULLANEY,  James.  31.  Ballough,  Ireland.  Blacksmith. 
29  May,  1861.  Stockbridge.  —  Detailed  as  regimental 
blacksmith,  7  July,  1861,  to  15  May,  1862;  and  31  July, 
1862.  Detached  as  brigade  blacksmith,  18  Oct.,  1862. 
Absent  in  hospital,  28  May,  1864,  when  mustered  out. 

MULLANEY,  Michael.  21.  Ballough,  Ireland.  Stone-cutter. 
29  May,  1861.  Stockbridge.  —  Died  of  consumption,  27 
Dec.,  1861,  at  Frederick,  Md. 

MULLER,   John   F.      32.      Crunitschau,  Saxony.      Weaver. 

27  May,    1861.       Boston.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See    Second 
Term. 

MUNROE,  John.  19.  Boston,  Mass.  Farmer.  22  May, 
1861.  Charlestown  (Chelsea?). —  Company  musician,  22 
May,  1861.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

MURRAY,  Jeremiah.  21.  Dover,  N.H.  Shoemaker.  13 
May,  1861.  Salem.  —  Corporal,  1  July,  1861;  color- 
corporal,  4  July,  1862.  Taken  prisoner  at  Cedar  Moun- 


426      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

tain;  returned  to  duty,  25  Oct.,  1862.     Enlisted  in  Third 

United-States  Artillery,  14  Feb.,  1863. 
NEVELLE,    James.      31.      St.   John,    N.B.      Gasfitter.      20 

May,   1861.     Boston.  —  Wounded  in  hand,  9  Aug.,  1862, 

at    Cedar   Mountain  ;    returned   to   duty,    7    Oct.,    1862. 

Wounded  in  leg,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg  ;  returned  to 

duty,  9  Dec.,  1863.     Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 
NICHOLS,  William  O.     26.     Ipswich,  Mass.     Mechanic.     8 

Aug.,  1862.     Ipswich.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  2  April, 

1863. 
O'BoYLE,    Patrick.       24.      Mayo,    Ireland.      Laborer.     27 

May,  1861.     Boston.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  4  June, 

1862. 
PEASE",   Franklin  C.      18.      Halifax,  Mass.      Laborer.     13 

May,  1861.    Northampton.  —  Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps, 

1  Aug.,  1863. 
PEELER,  Albert  S.     21.     Springfield,  Mass.     Farmer.     15 

May,  1861.     Brattleboro',  Vt.  —  Wounded  in  hand,  3  May, 

1863,  at  Chancellorsville ;  returned  to  duty,  6  Nov.,  1863. 

Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 
PEELER,  David  L.     24.     Vernon,  Vt.     Farmer.     14  May, 

1861.  Brattleboro',  Vt.  —  Corporal,  11   Oct.,  1863.     Re- 
enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

PERKINS,  Lafayette.  20.  Manchester,  N.H.  Farmer.  25 
May,  1861.  Northampton.  —  Taken  prisoner,  9  Aug., 

1862,  at    Cedar    Mountain;    returned  to  duty,   23    Oct., 

1862.  Wounded  in  thigh,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg; 
returned   to    duty,    19    Oct.,    1863.       Re-enlisted.  —  See 
Second  Term. 

PETERSEN,  Hans  P.  41.  Copenhagen,  Denmark.  Book 
keeper.  13  May,  1861.  Boston. — A  soldier  in  the 
Danish  service  in  the  war  of  1848.  First  sergeant,  13 
May,  1861,  to  27  June,  1861.  Detached  as  clerk  in 
brigade  commissary  department,  23  July,  1861,  to  .  .  July, 

1863.  Detailed  as   regimental  armorer,   28    July,    1863. 
Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 


•     THE    ENLISTED   MEN. 

PHIPPS,  Rufus  G.  24.  Framingham,  Mass.  Clerk.  27 
May,  1861.  Framingham.  —  Sergeant,  May,  1861,  to 

29  Dec.,  1861.     Detailed  as  company  clerk,  15  Jan.,  1862. 
Detached  as  clerk  at  General  Hospital,.!  June,  1862,  to  19 
June,  1862.     Detached  as  clerk  at  division  headquarters, 

30  July,  1862.     Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 
PICKARD,  David.     43.     Rowley,  Mass.    Teamster.    8  Aug., 

1862.       Ipswich. — Detailed   as    company    cook,    1    Oct., 

1862.  Wounded  in  leg,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg;  dis 
charged  in  consequence,  January,  1864. 

PORTER,  George  E.  28.  Bridgeport,  Conn.  Merchandise- 
broker.  15  May,  1861.  Boston. —  Sergeant,  15  May, 

1861,  to  1  July,  1861.     Wounded  slightly  in  leg,  3  May, 

1863,  at  Chancellorsville.     Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 
PRATT,  John    A.      40.      Portland,    Me.     Dyer.     11   Aug., 

1862.  Winooski,  Vt.  —  Transferred  to  Company  K,  from 
Company   H,   24  Oct.,   1862.      Company  musician.     Re- 
enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

RADELL,  William.  19.  Siockbridge,  Mass.  Scholar.  29 
May,  1861.  Stockbridge.  —  Enlisted  as'  company  musi 
cian,  29  May,  1861.  Detailed  as  adjutant's  orderly,  .  . 
Sept.,  1861;  as  regimental  clerk,  12  May,  1862.  Mus 
tered  out  28  May,  1864. 

RATHBURN,  Joseph  C.  29.  Stockbridge,  Mass.  Carpenter. 
29  May,  1861.  Stockbridge.  —  Corporal,  29  May,  1861; 
sergeant,  1  Feb.,  1862,  to  25  Sept.,  1862.  Killed  in  action, 
3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville. 

RIVERS,  Lewis.  24.  East  Philipsburg,  C.E.  Shoemaker. 
23  May,  1861.  West  Boylston.  —  Corporal,  1  July,  1861, 
to  27  Nov.,  1861  ;  and  again,  .  .  Nov.,  1862;  color-cor 
poral.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

ROBERT,  Leon.  25.  Montreal,  C.E.  Teacher.  25  May, 
1861.  Montreal,  C.E.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  17 
Oct.,  1861. 

ROBERTS,  John  R.  24.  Sheldon,  Vt.  Farmer.  25  May, 
1861.  East  Boylston.  —  Detached  as  pioneer  to  First 


428      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Division,  6  April,  1862,  to  5  Aug.,  1862.  Killed  in  action, 
9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain. 

ROBERTSON,  John  H.  28.  Batavia,  N.Y.  Moulder.  27 
May,  1861.  Lowell. —  Deserted  30  Aug.,  1863. 

ROBINSON,  Delano.  20.  Union,  Me.  Shoemaker.  25 
May,  1861.  Lynn.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

SANBORN,  Wheelock.  19.  Bethlehem,  N.H.  Mechanic. 
18  May,  1861.  Manchester,  N.H. —  Wounded  in  both 
legs,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain  ;  returned  to  duty, 
4  Nov.,  1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

SANGER,  Egbert.  25.  Barrington,  Mass.  Paper-maker. 
29  May,  1861.  Lee. —  Detailed  as  company  cook,  3  Oct., 
1862.  Detailed  to  division  ambulance  corps,  29  Oct., 
1862.  Detached  as  hospital  attendant  in  Washington,  2 
June,  1863.  Discharged  .  .  Jan.,  1864. 

SAXTON,  Orin  D.     23.     Stamford,  Vt.     Farmer.     15  May, 

1861.  Easthampton.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  24  April, 
1862. 

SCHAEFFER,  Frederick.  27.  Ilsfesdlt,  Germany.  Baker. 
27  May,  1861.  Chelsea. —  Detailed  bugler,  .  .  Oct.,  1861. 
Wounded  in  knee,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain  ;  dis 
charged  in  consequence,  2  Oct.,  1862. 

SKINNER,  Charles  M.  28.  Royalston,  Vt.  Weaver.  14 
Oct.,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  shoulder,  9  Aug.,  1862, 
at  Cedar  Mountain;  returned  to  duty,  14  Aug.,  1862. 
Taken  prisoner,  25  July,  1863,  near  White  Plains,  Va. ; 
mustered  out  at  parole  camp,  14  Oct.,  1864. 

SNOOK,  John  F.  21.  Mallow,  Ireland.  Shoemaker.  24 
May,  1861.  North  Abiugton.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Sec 
ond  Term. 

SPRINGER,  William  A.  43.  Robbinston,  Me.  Lumber 
man.  22  May,  1861,  Campton,  N.H.  —  Taken  prisoner, 
25  May,  1862,  at  Winchester;  returned  to  duty,  25  Oct., 

1862.  Taken  prisoner,  2  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville  ; 
returned   to   duty,    12    Oct.,    1863.       Re-enlisted.  —  See 
Second  Term. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN.  429 

STANDISH,  Miles.  28.  Foxboro',  Mass.  Shoemaker.  25 
May,  1861.  Bridge  water.  —  Taken  prisoner,  14  Aug., 
1862;  dropped  from  the  rolls,  17  Oct.,  1862;  returned; 
term  prolonged  ;  mustered  out  26  July,  1865. 

STEVENS,  William.  44.  Calais,  Me.  Baker.  8  Aug., 
1862.  Ipswich. —  Discharged  for  disability,  22  June, 
1863. 

STOCKBRIDGE,  Lebbeus.  35.  Hanover,  Mass.  Farmer. 
25  May,  1861.  Hanover.  —  Appointed  master  wagoner, 
3  July,  1861.  Appointed  quartermaster-sergeant,  2  Dec., 
1862,  which  position  he  held  until  1  April,  1863,  while 
absent  sick.  Discharged  for  disability,  27  Jan.,  1864. 

SULLIVAN,  Timothy.  19.  Chelsea,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  22 
May,  1861.  Ashland.  —  Enlisted  in  United-States  Artil 
lery,  8  Nov.,  1862. 

TEN'NEY,  Albert.  21.  Ipswich,  Mass.  Farmer.  8  Aug., 
1862.  Ipswich.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

TOZER,  William  H.  27.  Ipswich,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  8 
Aug.,  1862.  Ipswich.  —  Corporal,  21  Nov.,  1862;  ser 
geant,  27  Nov.,  1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

TULLY,  Prescott  W.  27.  Billeriea,  Mass.  Farmer.  17 
May,  1861.  Lowell.  —  Detailed  wagoner,  5  July,  1861. 
Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

TYE,  James.  19.  Tewksbury,  Mass.  Laborer.  24  May, 
1861.  Tewksbury.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

VAIL,  John.     19.     Tipperary,  Ireland.     Printer.     14  May, 

1861.  Hadley.  —  Corporal,  14  May,   1861,  to    16  June, 

1862,  when   returned   to  the  ranks  at  his   own  request. 
Taken  prisoner,  9   Aug.,   1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain ;    re 
turned  to  duty,  23   Oct.,   1862.     Mustered  out  28  May, 
1864. 

VANCE,  Lorin  A.  18.  Groton,  Vt.  Farmer.  October, 
1861.  Lowell.  —  Wounded  in  hand,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at 
Antietam;  returned  to  duty,  4  Oct.,  1862.  Re-enlisted. — 
See  Second  Term. 

VOLL,  Andrew.      30.     Volkershausen,  Saxony.      Brass-fin- 


430      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

isher.  25  May,  1861.  Boston.  —  A  soldier  in  the  service 
of  Saxony  for  five  years,  —  a  corporal ;  wounded  in  the 
war  of  1848 ;  also  in  the  English  service  a  year  and  a  half, 
in  the  German  legion  sent  to  the  Crimea.  CoVporal,  1 
Aug.,  1861 ;  sergeant,  25  Sept.,  1862.  Re-enlisted.  —  See 
Second  Term. 

WADE,  David  L.  41.  Ipswich,  Mass.  Carpenter.  8  Aug., 
1862.  Ipswich.  —  Wounded,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg ; 
died  in  consequence,  26  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg. 

WATSON,  Thomas.  35.  Paisley,  Scotland.  Machinist.  23 
May,  1861.  West  Boylston.  —  Killed  in  action,  9  Aug., 
1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain. 

WEBBER,  George  H.  19.  Chicopee,  Mass.  Farmer.  15 
May,  1861.  Chicopee.  —  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

WEBBER,  Moses.    32.    Shapleigh,  Me.    Bootmaker.    8  Aug., 

1862.  Ipswich.  —  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 
WEBER,  Frederick.      22.      Baden,   Germany.      Baker.     17 

July,  1862.     Boston. —  Detailed  as  company  cook,  Nov., 

1863.  Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

WELCH,  Thomas.  20.  Southboro',  Mass.  Operative.  18 
May,  1861.  Manchester.  —  Wounded  in  breast,  3  May, 
1863,  at  Chancellorsville ;  returned  to  duty,  30  July,  1863. 
Re-enlisted.  —  See  Second  Term. 

WHITE,  William  L.  26.  North  Adams,  Mass.  Paper- 
maker.  29  May,  1861.  South  Lee.  —  Corporal,  29  May, 
1861  ;  sergeant,  14  Oct.,  1861  ;  first  sergeant,  27  Oct., 
1862.  Wounded  in  arm, 3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville; 
transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  15  Nov.,  1863. 

WHITEHEAD,  Benjamin.  19.  Barrington,  Mass.  Painter. 
19  May,  1861.  Stockbridge.  —  Discharged  for  disability, 
3  Feb.,  1862. 

WILSON,  Alexander  C.  25.  Lee,  Mass.  Laborer.  29 
May,  1861.  Lee.  — Wounded  in  chest,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at 
Antietam;  discharged  in  consequence,  6  March,  1863. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN SECOND    TERM.  431 


THE   MEN  OF  THE   SECOND   TERM   OF 
SERVICE.1 


COMPANY    A. 
VETERANS. 

DUNNELL,  Charles  S.  —  Company  musician.  Absent  sick,  at 
Worcester,  Mass.,  27  July,  1865,  when  mustered  out. 

HARLOW,  Edwin.  —  Transferred,  1  July,  1864,  to  E,  which 
see. 

1  It  will  be  understood  that  the  following  list  does  not  include  the  names 
of  all  men  who  were  in  service  during  the  time  covered  by  the  second  term, 
which  began  1  Jan.,  1864,  and,  of  course,  not  all  casualties.  The  term  of 
the  men  not  re-enlisting,  who  entered  the  service  in  1861,  continued  to 
28  May,  1864;  and  that  of  some  of  those  who  enlisted  in  1862  continued  for 
three  full  years,  and  of  course  into  the  year  1865.  Those  who  enlisted  in  the 
autumn  of  1S61  were  held  only  to  the  conclusion  of  the  regular  term  ending 
in  May,  1864.  Those  who  enlisted  in  1862,  prior  to  the  date  of  3  despatch  of 
the  Secretary  of  War  in  the  summer,  were  held  for  three  full  years,  notwith 
standing  they  enlisted  on  an  agreement  with  the  mustering  officer  that  they 
were  to  serve  only  until  the  expiration  of  the  regular  term.  The  Government, 
in  1864,  repudiated  the  contract  of  its  own  officers.  -In  the  summer  of  1862, 
Governor  Andrew,  to  assure  all  enlisting  men,  communicated  with  the  War 
Department,  and  received  a  reply  from  the  Secretary  of  War,  agreeing  to 
this  plan.  But  when  the  time  came  to  muster  out,  in  1864,  it  was  diffi 
cult  to  convince  the  War  Department  of  such  an  agreement.  When  it  was 
convinced,  it  insisted  that  the  agreement  was  not  a  general  one,  covering  the 
enlistments  taking  place  at  that  time,  although  its  officers  had  so  pledged ; 
but  could  operate  only  on  those  enlisted  subsequently  to  that  date.  Hence 
the  list  of  men  in  the  first  term  of  service  includes  quite  a  number  who  con 
tinued  on  in  the  period  of  the  second  term,  and  made  the  regiment  larger 
than  this  list  would  cause  it  to  appear.  When  no  date  of  muster-out  is 
given,  "26  July,  1865,"  is  to  be  understood. 


43  £      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

HASTINGS,  Charles.  —  Sergeant,  1  July,  1864  ;  first  sergeant, 
1  July,  1865.  Appointed  second  lieutenant,  3  July,  1865, 
but  not  mustered  in.  —  See  Commissioned  Officers.  Mus 
tered  out  26  July,  1865. 

McALPiNE,  William  T.  —  Sergeant.  Detached  on  recruiting 
service,  13  April,  1864.  First  lieutenant,  24  May,  1864. 
—  See  Commissioned  Officers. 

MILKS,  William  H.  —  Sergeant ;  sergeant-major,  15  July, 
1864;  first  lieutenant,  15  April,  1865.  —  See  Commis 
sioned  Officers. 

PENDERGAST,  Richard.  —  First  sergeant.  —  Wounded  in 
arm,  20  Dec.,  1864,  in  S.C.  First  lieutenant,  to  date  from 
23  Oct.,  1864.  —  See  Commissioned  Officers. 

TRIPP,  James  E. —  Deserted  22  Feb.,  1864. 

WILSON,  Foster.  —  Corporal,  1  July,  1864;  sergeant,  1  Oct., 
1864.  Mustered  out  26  July,  1865. 

RECRUITS. 

ACKLEY,  George  W.  31.  East  Machias,  Me.  Seaman. 
28  May,  1864.  East  Machias,  Me.  —  Lanesboro' *  —  Sick 
in  hospital,  Nashville,  Tenn.  No  further  record. 

BABCOCK,  Frederick.  22.  Schenectady,  N.Y.  Cigar- 
maker,  1  June,  1864.  Schenectady,  N.Y.  —  Tewksbury.  — 
Deserted  5  July,  1864. 

BARTSH,  Emil.  22.  Germany.  Merchant.  24  June,  1864. 
New  York.  —  Dudley.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  at  Wor 
cester,  25  May,  1865. 

BEAL,  Edward.  20.  Jonesport,  Me.  Seaman.  11  June, 
1864.  Jonesport,  Me.  —  Westminster.  —  Sick  in  hospital, 
at  Worcester,  Mass.  No  further  record. 

BERRY,   Charles  0.      20.     Pittsfield,  Mass.     Machinist.     8 

1  The  same  order  of  items  is  observed  as  noted  on  page  298,  with  the 
addition  of  the  name  of  town  or  city  to  whose  quota  the  man  was  assigned. 
Thus,  after  "  East  Machias,  Me.,"  which  denotes  the  residence,  is  "  Lanes 
boro',"  which  denotes  the  town  on  whose  quota  Ackley  enlisted. 


THE    ENLISTED   MEN SECOND    TERM.  433 

June.  1864.     Pittsfield.  —  Salisbury.  —  Corporal,  27  Dec. 
1864.     Taken  prisoner  in  the   North-Carolina  campaign- 
No  further  record. 

BIERMAN,  Ludwig.  30.  Germany.  Farmer.  6  July, 
1864.  New  York.  —  Chelsea.  —  Deserted  15  Aug.,  1864. 

BOCHMEK,  Frederick.  23.  Germany.  Druggist.  10  May, 
1864.  New  York. —  Chelsea.  —  Taken  prisoner  in  the 
North-Carolina  campaign.  No  further  record. 

BOHRDT,  Albert.  19.  Germany.  Shopkeeper.  27  June, 
1864.  Boston.  —  Holyoke.  —  Clerk  at  brigade  head 
quarters,  at  Washington,  D.C.  Mustered  out. 

BRYAN,  Henry.  26.  Germany.  Soldier.  29  July,  1864. 
Boston.  — Shrewsbury.  —  Mustered  out  26  July,  1865. 

CASEY,  John.  23.  Tipperary,  Ireland.  Moulder.  1  June, 
1864.  Jersey  City,  N.J.  —  Tewksbury.  —  Deserted  16 
July,  1864. 

COKTHEN,  Arthur.  19.  Prussia.  Clerk.  6  May,  1864. 
Chelsea.  —  Chelsea.  —  Corporal,  27  Dec.,  1864.  Wounded, 
22  July,  1864,  in  front  of  Atlanta.  Wounded  in  thigh,' 
severely,  16  March,  1865,  at  Averysborough.  In  hospital 
at  Worcester,  26  June,  1865,  when  discharged  for  dis 
ability. 

COLLINS,  Richard.  31.  Ireland.  Sailor.  7  June,  1864. 
Boston.  — Northampton.  — Deserted  16  Sept.,  1864. 

ERHART,  Emil.  25.  Bavaria.  Clerk.  18  July,  1864. 
Bavaria.  —  Amesbury.  No  further  record. 

FORCE,  Silas.     23 28  Nov.,  1864.     Medway. 

—  Medway.  —  Mustered  out  26  July,  1865. 

HALPIN,  Thomas.  20 5  May,  1864.  Bos 
ton.  —  Stockbridge.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  15  May, 
1865. 

HANLEY(Hadley?).     25.     Ireland.    Soldier.    7  June,  1864. 

New  York.  —  Northampton.  —  Deserted  16  Sept.,  1864. 
HARRIS,  Benjamin   F.      19.      ......      n  Jan.,  1865. 

Lowell.  — Lowell— Mustered  out  26  July,  1865. 
HAUG,  John.      20.     Germany.     Laborer.     18  June,   1864. 

28 


434      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

New  York.  —  Holyoke. —  Taken  prisoner  in  the   North- 
Carolina  campaign.     No  further  record. 
HAYWARD,   James  A.      18.      Boston.      Clerk.      25  April, 

1864.     Campello.  —  Boston.  —  Corporal,  25   June,   1865. 

Mustered  out  26  July,  1865. 
HAYWARD,  William —  ...  — 

Deserted  4  April,  1865. 
HOLLAND,   Charles.     19.     New  York.     Spinner.     22  July, 

1864.     .  .  .  R.I.  —  Chelsea.  —Mustered  out. 
HOMNAUG  (Horning,  Adj.-Gen.),  Frederick.      21.     Prussia. 

Clerk.     30  June,  1864.     Prussia.  —  Holyoke.  —  Deserted 

8  Aug.,  1864. 
HOWARD,   William.      26.      England.      Laborer.      8    June, 

1864.     Albany,  N.Y.  —  Boylston.  —  Taken  prisoner  in  the 

North-Carolina    campaign.       Discharged,  12  June,   1865, 

by  order  of  War  Department. 
JOHNSON,   William.      35.      Sweden.      Seaman.      29   June, 

1864.     Cincinnati,  Ohio.  —  Lee.  —  No  further  record. 
KERNER,  Christopher.     21.     ...       Locksmith.       17    Aug., 

1864.     Boston. — West  Springfield.  —  Disharged  29  June, 

1865. 
KINEMAN,    Charles.       23.       Germany.       Clerk.      30   June, 

1864.     New  York.  —  Roxbury.  —  Deserted  8  Aug.,  1864. 
KLEIN,  Carlos.     20.     Germany.     Baker.      20  June,  1864. 

New  York.  —  Shelburne.  —  No  further  record. 
KOLBB,  Francis.      30.      Switzerland.      Waiter.      30   June, 

1864.  New  York.  —  Roxbury.  —  Deserted  8  Aug.,  1864. 
KRATT,  Joseph.     25.     Wiirtemberg.    Tailor.    14  July,  1864. 

New  York.  —  Wellfleet.  —  No  further  record. 
KUNZ,   Ferdinand.     25.     ...     Merchant.     20  Dec.,  1864. 

Philadelphia,  Penn.  —  New  Marlboro'.  —  Mustered  out. 
LORENZ,    Franz.      33.      .  .  .      Soldier.       16   Aug.,    1864. 

Boston. —  Chelsea. —  Prisoner,  12  Feb.,  1865,  to  March, 

1865.  Mustered  out  26  July,  1865. 

MAHONY,  Timothy —  ... 

—  Joined  for  duty,  8  Jan.,  1865.     Mustered  out. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN SECOND    TERM.  435 

MCLAUGHLIN,  Michael  S.  M 

— .  .  .  — Deserted  .  .  . 
McMEE,  Alexander.     25.     Nova   Scotia.     Blacksmith.     13 

June,   1864.     Ireland.  —  Dudley.  —  Died   in   hospital,   17 

Aug.,  1864. 
MILLER,  John.      20.      Switzerland.      Laborer.      18   June, 

1864.     Erie,  Penn.  —  Chelsea.  —  Deserted  18  Sept.,  1864. 
MOORE,  John.     23.     Jeffersonville,  Ind.     Farmer.    13  July, 

1864.     New  York.  —  Wellneet.  —  Mustered  out. 
MORO,  Joseph.      23.      Corsica.      Soldier.       6    May,   1864. 

Corsica.  —  Chelsea.  —  "  Honorably  mentioned,"    30   July, 

1864.    Wounded  in  leg,  16  March,  1865,  at  Averysborough. 

In  hospital  at  Worcester,  30  May,  1865,  when  discharged 

for  disability. 
NEVILLE,  Patrick.     20.    Ireland.    Laborer.    11  June,  1864. 

Brooklyn,  N.Y.  —  Chelsea.  —  Deserted  17   Sept.,  1864. 
NICHOLS,  Thomas    H.      18.      Nova   Scotia.      Farmer.      5 

May,  1864.     Elgin,  C.E.  —  Chesterfield.  —  Mustered  out. 
PEHMOLLER,   Richard.      22.     Germany.     Clerk.     22  July, 

1864.  Boston. —  .  .  .  — Deserted  15  Aug.,  1864. 
RAND,  David  C.      37.      Salem,  Mass.      Gas-manufacturer. 

26  Feb.,  1864.     Lowell.  —  Lowell.  —  In  hospital,  26  July, 

1865,  when  mustered  out. 

SCHMIDT,  Joseph.  20.  Germany.  Clerk.  11  July,  1864. 
.  .  .  — Salisbury.  —  Deserted  7  June,  1865. 

SCHMIDTGREELER  (Schnudgueder,  (Adj.- Gen.),  John.  24 
.  .  .  Butcher.  14  Sept.,  1864.  Boston.  —  Lowell. — 
Taken  prisoner;  was  wounded,  March,  1865  (leg  ampu 
tated),  in  attempting  to  escape  from  prison  at -Florence, 
S.C. ;  discharged  for  disability,  25  May,  1866  (1865?). 

SCHULER,  Frederick.  25.  ...  Plumber.  17  Aug.,  1864. 
Boston.  —  West  Springfield.  —  Deserted  17  June,  1865. 

SCHULTZ,  Edmund.  29.  Germany.  Tinsmith.  7  May, 
1864.  Boston.  —  Chelsea.  —  Sick  in  hospital  at  Nash 
ville.  No  further  record. 

SEPPELLER,  Richard.  26.  ...  Clerk.  1  Nov.,  1864. 
Boston.  —  Chicopee.  —  Mustered  out  26  July,  1865. 


436  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

SHERWOOD,  Charles.      21.      Canada.      Boatman.     2   June, 

1864.     Canada  West.  —  Southbridge. —  Deserted  5  July, 

1864. 
SIEGRIST,  John.  22.  Germany.  Carpenter.  25  June, 

1864.     Boston.  —  Royalston.  — Mustered  out. 
SMITH,   Henry.      28.      Germany.     Hatter.     30  June,  1864. 

.  .  .  — Holyoke.  —  Wounded  in  leg,  16  March,  1865,  at 

Averysborough  ;  discharged  in  consequence,  30  May,  1865. 
SMITH,    James.      20.      .  .  .      Laborer.      11    June,    1864. 

Brooklyn,  N.Y.  —  Chelsea.  —  No  further  record. 
SOLOMON,   Maurice.      36.      Poland.     Machinist.     11  May, 

1864.     New  York.  —  Stockbridge. —  Corporal,   27  Aug., 

1864.  Sergeant,  27  Dec.,  1864.     Mustered  out. 
SOMMERS,  Henry.     20.     Germany.     Clerk.     10  Aug.,  1864. 

Philadelphia,  Penn.  —  Lowell.  —  Deserted  .  .  . 
SPEISER,  Henry.     21.     Germany.    Tinsmith.    8  June,  1864. 

Boston.  —  Northampton.  —  No  further  record. 
STOWE,   Henry  A.      26.      Nova  Scotia.      Car-maker.      23 

May,  1864.    P.E.  Island.  —  Maiden.  —  In  hospital,  1  June, 

1865,  when  discharged. 

THOMPSON,   William.      21.      Ireland.      Steward.      5    July, 

1864.     Jersey   City,  N.J. —  Chelsea.  —  Deserted  8  Aug., 

1864. 
WARREN,  Michael.  21.  Ireland.  Laborer.  30  June, 

1864.      Rondout,   N.Y.  —  Holyoke.  —  Deserted   2    Dec., 

1864. 
WEBER,  John.  39.  Germany.  Seaman.  25  June,  1864. 

Boston.  —  Royalston.  —  Claimed    by    One    Hundred   and 

Nineteenth  New  York,  11  Sept.,  1864. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN SECOND    TERM.  437 


COMPANY    B. 
VETERANS. 

BOWLEY,  Leander  G.  —  Sergeant.  —  Appointed  first  ser 
geant,  1  July,  1864;  second  lieutenant,  3  July,  1865,  but 
not  mustered  in.  —  See  Commissioned  Officers.  Mustered 
out. 

CLARK,  William  W.  —  Transferred,  on  re-enlisting  to  K, 
which  see. 

CRESSON,  James  F.  —  Mustered  out. 

GOULD,  John.  —  Wounded  in  arm,  severely,  22  June,  1864, 
at  Kenesaw,  and  sent  to  General  Hospital ;  discharged  in 
consequence,  24  May,  1865. 

GREEN,  William  R.  — Mustered  out. 

HORGAN,  Michael.  —  Deserted  22  Feb.,  1864. 

JOHNSON,  Thomas.  —  Color-corporal.  —  Sergeant,  2  June, 
1864,  and  color-sergeant  to  25  June,  1865.  Deserted  26 
June,  1865. 

NEWMAN,  Charles  H.  —  Transferred  to  C,  which  see. 

PETERSEN,  Andrew  S.  —  Wounded  in  elbow,  severely,  16 
March,  1865,  at  Averysborough.  Absent  in  hospital,  26 
July,  1865,  when  mustered  out. 

REARDON,  Daniel.  —  Was  mustered  out  28  May,  1864,  but 
re-enlisted,  9  Sept.,  1864,  in  the  same  company.  —  Corporal, 
1  Feb.,  1865,  to  ...  1865;  again,  5  June,  1865,  "for 
universal  good  conduct."  Mustered  out  9  June,  1865. 

SMITH,  Reuben.  —  Corporal,  1  July,  1864 ;  sergeant,  10  Sept., 
1864.  Wounded  in  arm,  severely,  16  March,  1865,  at 
Averysborough  ;  in  hospital,  26  July,  1865,  when  mustered 
out. 

TAYLOR,  George  L.  (John  ?).  —  Detailed  to  ambulance  corps. 
No  further  record. 


438      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 


RECRUITS. 

ALEXANDER,  John.     24.     ...     Laborer.     28  June,   1864. 

Canada.  —  Holyoke.  —  Sick  in  hospital  at  Nashville  ;   no 

further  record. 
ALLA,  Christian.     24.     Germany.     Farmer.    14  July,  1864. 

Thompsonville,  Ct.  —  Roxbury.  —  Mustered  out. 
BARTLETT,  Wesley  L.     18.     Windsor,  Mass.     Laborer.     21 

Dec.,  1863.     Middlefield.  —  Middlefield.  —  Mustered  out, 
BILLINGS,  Thomas  E.     18.     Lynnfield,  Mass.     Farmer.     9 

Dec.,    1863.       Lunenburg.  —  Leominster. — Transferred, 

3  March,  1864,  to  D,  which  see. 
BLISS,   George.      19.      Seymour,   Ct.      Farmer.      21   Dec., 

1863.  Middlefield.  —  Middlefield.  —  Mustered  out. 
BORRIS,  Thomas.     25.     Ireland.     Laborer.     14  May,  1864. 

Boston.  —  Dorchester.  —  In  penitentiary  at  Nashville,  when 

the  regiment  was  mustered  out. 
BROWN,  Lebricht.    22.    ...    Soldier.     14  July,  1864.    New 

York.  —  Douglas.  —  Mustered  out. 
BRUNS,  Wilhelm.     22.     Germany.     Clerk.     1  Aug.,  1864. 

Boston.  —  Plymouth.  —  Prisoner,    27    Nov.,   1864,  to   27 

April,  1865.     Mustered  out. 
BURTON,  Abraham.      36.      ...      'Joiner.       1   Nov.,  1864- 

Boston.  —  Roxbury.  —  Mustered  out. 
BUTLER,    Henry    C.      20.      Boston,  Mass.      Laborer.      31 

May,  1864.     Boston.  —  Winchendon.  —  Deserted  18  Aug., 

1864. 
CALLAHAN,  John.     24.     Boston,  Mass.     Laborer.     8  July, 

1864.  Boston.  —  Templeton.  —  Mustered  out. 
CARROLL,   Patrick.      21.      ...      Cooper.     11  Aug.,  1864. 

Jersey  City,  N.J.  —  Lowell.  —  In  hospital  when  the  regi 
ment  was  mustered  out. 

COLLINS,  George.  33.  Colchester,  Vt.  Cabinet-maker.  31 
March,  1864.  Colchester,  Vt.  —  Brookline.  —  Died  of 
disease,  26  March,  1865,  at  Goldsborough,  N.C. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN SECOND    TERM.  439 

DE  FORNEY  (De  Ferong,  Adj.- Gen.),  Edward  M.  28.  Aus 
tria.  Architect.  5  July,  1864.  Hungary.  —  Lynn.  — 
Corporal,  10  Sept.,  1864.  Deserted  23  Nov.,  1864. 

DIETRICH,  Julius.  31.  Prussia.  Surgeon.  29  June, 
1864.  Prussia. — Barre.  —  Died  of  disease,  31  Aug., 
1864,  in  division  hospital. 

DUNKIN,  George.  39.  Canada.  Farmer.  1  July,  1864. 
Cario  (Cairo?),  N.Y. —  South  Danvers.  —  Died  of  dis 
ease,  15  Sept.,  1864,  at  Atlanta. 

FAGAN,  George.  18.  Cambridge,  Mass.  Porter.  19 
Feb.,  1864.  Boston.  —  Dedham.  —  Deserted  26  June, 
1865. 

FUNEY,  E  .  .  .  .  D.  —  Appears,  by  monthly  report,  as  having 
joined  ;  but  no  further  record. 

GREGG,  Thomas.  37.  ...  Boatman.  23  Dec.,  1864. 
Oswego,  N.Y.  —  Shelburne. —  Deserted  26  June,  1865. 

HANSON,  Randolph.  22.  Germany.  Carpenter.  28  July, 
1864.  Prussia.  —  Winchendon.  —  Deserted  17  Jan.,  1865. 

HEANY,  James.  44.  Ireland.  Farmer.  1  June,  1864. 
Newberg,  N.Y.  —  Kingston. —  Died  on  the  march,  15 
Feb.,  1865. 

HOLLINGS WORTH,  Alexander  A.  J.  21.  West  Indies. 
Clerk.  28  April,  1864.  New  Jersey.  —  Roxbury.  — 
Sent  to  hospital,  12  Sept.,  1864,  and  there  mustered  out, 
7  July,  1865. 

HOUGHTON,  Josiah  S.  18.  Chelsea,  Mass.  Farmer.  9 
Dec.,  1863.  Leominster.  —  Leominster.  —  Transferred, 
3  March,  1864,  to  D,  which  see. 

KAMM,  John.  26.  ...  Baker.  12  July,  1864.  Ger 
many. —  Wellfleet. —  Deserted  26  Nov.,  1864. 

LYNCH,    Richard.      19.      Utica,   N.Y.      Driver.     23    June, 

1864.  Utica,   N.Y.  —  Leicester.  —  In  hospital,  26   July, 

1865,  when  mustered  out. 

MADDEN,  Daniel  H.  21.  Fall  River,  Mass.  Soldier.  14 
June,  1864.  Fall  River.  —  Chelsea. —  Deserted  25  June, 
1865. 


440  SECOND    MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

MARX,  Peter.      40.      Germany.      Tailor.     12  Aug.,   1864. 

Boston.  —  Westminster.  —  Deserted  23  Sept.,  1864. 
MCCARTHY,  James.      24.     ...     Laborer.     26  Jan.,  1865. 

Boston. —  Charlestown. —  Mustered  out. 
MILLER,  Henry.     35.     Prussia.     Soldier.     18    July,   1864. 

Brunswick,  N.J.  —  Wellfleet.  —  Mustered  out. 
MYERS  (Meyers  ?),  John.    21.    Albany,  N.Y.     Coppersmith. 

11    June,    1864. 0     New  York.  —  Boston.  —  Deserted   21 

Aug.,  1864. 
NITZ,  William.      20.      Germany.      Blacksmith.      25  June, 

1864.  Prussia.  —  Royalston.  —  Killed  in  action,  16  March, 

1865,  at  Averysborough. 

O'NEILL,  John.      23.      Nova    Scotia.      No  occupation.      9 

June,   1864.     St.   John's,   N.B. —  Chelsea.  —  Deserted   1 

Aug.,  1864. 
PETERSON,  John.     21.     ...    Silver-plater.    23  June,  1864. 

Hartford,   Ct.  —  Harvard.  —  Transferred,  Aug.,   1864,    to 

Thirty-third  Massachusetts. 
REARDON,  Thomas.     33.     ...     Laborer.     12  Nov.,  1864. 

Boston.  —  Dorchester.  —  Mustered  out. 
RILEY,   Thomas.       21.      England.      Shoemaker.      14  June, 

1864.  —  Fall  River.  —  Northampton.     Deserted  21  Aug., 

1864. 
ROBERTS,   Thomas.      20.      England.      Carpenter.     7   July, 

1864.     New  York.  —  Chelsea.  —  Deserted  13  Aug.,  1864. 
ROBBINS,   Charles    W.      19.     Middlefield,   Mass.      Farmer. 

31  Dec.,  1863.    Pittsfield. —  Middlefield.  —  Died  at  Louis 
ville,  Ky.,  on  the  way  to  the  regiment. 
ROBBINS,    George   R.      18.      Middlefield,  Mass.      Farmer. 

31  Dec.,  1863.     Pittsfield.  —  Middlefield.  —  Corporal,   10 

Aug.,  1864.     Mustered  out. 
ROBINSON,  John.      21.     Albany,  N.Y.     Farmer.     19  May, 

1864.     Boston.  —  Sutton.  —  Deserted  15  July,  1864. 
RYAN,  John.      20.      Patterson,  N.J.      Machinist.     6  June, 

1864.       Patterson,  N.J.  —  Northampton.  —  Deserted   18 

Jan.,  1865. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN SECOND    TERM.  441 

SMITH,   FRANK    ("true  name,  Peter  Millen").      23.      .  .  . 

Clerk.     27  July,  1864.  —  Boston.  —  Winchendon.  —  Died 

of  disease,  19  Nov.,  1864,  at  Chattanooga. 
SMITH,    Henry.       21.      Ireland.       Baker.      8    June,    1864. 

New  York.  —  Northampton.  —  Corporal,  1   Sept.,  1864,  to 

13  Nov.,  1864.     Mustered  out. 

SMITH,  James.  28.  New  York.  Blacksmith.  10  May, 
1864.  Patterson,  N.J. —  Chelsea.  —  Wounded  in  thigh 
(leg  amputated).  16  March,  1865,  at  Averysborough ;  in 
hospital,  26  July,  1865,  when  mustered  out. 

SMITH  (Sinidt,  Adj. -Gen.),  John.  20.  Ireland.  Farmer. 
2  June,  1864.  Quebec,  C.E.  —  Southbridge.  —  Deserted 
15  July,  1864. 

SMITH,  John.  19.  ...  Caulker.  17  June,  1864.  Can 
ada.  —  Princeton.  —  No  further  record. 

SULLIVAN,  Florence.  21.  Ireland.  Laborer.  29  June, 
1864.  —  New  York.  —  Barre.  —  Sent  to  hospital,  13  Sept., 
1864.  In  hospital  at  Evansville,  Ind.,  when  mustered  out. 

SYLVIA,  John.  30.  Italy.  Sailor.  16  Dec.,  1863.  Italy. 
—  Brookline.  —  Discharged;  no  date  given. 

TAVEY,  J  .  .  .  D.  —  Joined,  as  by  monthly  report,  but  no 
further  record. 

VAN  METER,   Charles  E.      22.      Frankfort,  Ky.     Student. 

14  May,  1864.     Staten  Island,  N.Y.— South  Hadley.- 
Deserted  4  Nov.,  1864. 

WILKINSON,  Benjamin  A.  18.  ...  Farmer.  25  April, 
1864.  Sharon.  —  Boston.  —  Mustered  out. 

WILLIAMS,  David.  21.  London,  Eng.  Sawyer.  7  July, 
1864.  Philadelphia,  Penu.  —  Winchendon.  —  Deserted  17 
Aug.,  1864. 


44£  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 


COMPANY    C. 
VETERANS. 

ABORN,  Sylvester  P. — Wounded  in  leg,  15  May,  1864,  at 
Resaca,  and  died  in  consequence,  25  May.  Buried  at 
Chattanooga. 

BAILEY,  Edwin  A.  —  Mustered  out. 

BURNHAM,  Amos  P.  —  Corporal.  —  Mustered  out. 

CASEY,  David.  —  Sergeant.  —  Commissary-sergeant,   1   July, 

1864,  "for  long  and  meritorious  services."  —  See  Non-com 
missioned  Staff. 

CLOONEY,  John  J.  —  Company  musician.  —  Deserted  22 
Feb.,  1864.  Afterwards  enlisted  elsewhere. 

DUFFY,  James.  —  Mustered  out. 

EDWARDS,  Charles  W.  —  Sergeant.  —  First  sergeant,  5  June, 
1865  ;  second  lieutenant,  3  July,  1865,  but  not  mustered  in. 

—  See  Commissioned  Officers.     Mustered  out. 
GILD  AY,  Edward.  —  Mustered  out. 

GOULD,  Benjamin  F.  —  Wagoner  in  January,  1865.  —  Mus 
tered  out. 

HENNESY,  David.  —  Mustered  out. 

JUNKHE,  Charles.  —  Corporal,  2  June,  1864.  —  Mustered 
out. 

KENDALL,  Webster  A.  —  Transferred  from  F,  on  re-enlisting. 

—  Mustered  out. 

KNEELAND,  Josiah  M.  —  Mustered  out. 

LARRY,  Daniel.  —  Deserted  11  Nov.,  1864. 

MAGEE,  William.  —  Mustered  out. 

MAGUIRE,   James.  —  Corporal.  —  Sergeant,   2  June,   1864. 

Mustered  out. 

MAYNARD,  William  W.  —  Mustered  out. 
MCCARTHY,  John.  —  Corporal,  15  July,  1864,  to  22  June, 

1865.  Mustered  out. 

MOORE,  William  A.  —  Mustered  out. 

MORGAN,  William  F.  —  Sergeant.  —  Mustered  out. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN SECOND    TERM.  443 

MURRAY,  James  M. —  Corporal,  2  June,  1864.  —  Wounded 
in  wrist,  15  May,  1864,  at  Resaca.  Killed  in  action,  16 
March,  1865,  at  Averysborough. 

NEWMAN,  Charles  H.  —  Transferred  to  C  from  B.  —  Killed 
in  action,  16  March,  1865,  at  Averysborough. 

OLIVER,  John  H.  —  Mustered  out. 

PEABODY,  David.  —  Deserted  22  Feb.,  1864. 

PIERCE,  John  B.  —  Mustered  out. 

PRESCOTT,  James  M.  —  Transferred  from  D,  on  re-enlisting. 

—  Mustered  out. 

REGAN,  John.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  30  June,  1865. 

ROWE,  John  M.  —  Corporal.  —  Wounded,  15  May,  1864,  at 
Resaca,  and  died  in  consequence,  5  June.  Buried  at  Chat 
tanooga. 

SHEA,  John  J.  —  Corporal,  5  June,  1865.  —  Deserted  3  July, 
1865. 

STEWART,  John.  —  Hospital  attendant,  January,  1865.  Mus 
tered  out.  • 

STRAFFORD,  James  M.  —  First  sergeant  to  5  June,  1865, 
when  made  sergeant  in  absence.  Discharged,  in  hospital, 
26  June,  1865. 

TENNEY,  Albert.  —  Transferred  from  K,  on  re-enlisting.  — 
Wounded  in  breast,  20  July,  1864,  at  Peach-tree  Creek. 
Mustered  out. 

WALLACE,  Thomas  (D.  ?). — 'Hospital  attendant,  Jan.,  1865. 

—  Discharged  for  disability,  30  June,  1865. 


RECRUITS. 

ANDERSON,  James.     25.     England.     Soldier.     1  July,  1864. 

England.  —  Barre.  —  Deserted  13  Aug.,  1864. 
DINSDALE,   George.      32.      England.      Soldier.      29  June, 

1864.     England.  —  Harvard.  —  Deserted  13  Aug.,  1864. 
HAGERTY,  John.     23.     Ireland.     Laborer.     27  June,  1864. 

Albany,  N.Y.  —  Templeton.  —  Mustered  out. 


444  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

HAYDEN,  Charles.     24.    England 1864.     .  .  . 

...  —  Absent  in  hospital.     No  further  record. 

LAMANT,  Joseph.  22.  Belgium.  Clothier.  16  July,  1864. 
New  York.  —  Northampton.  —  Mustered  out. 

LANE,  John.  23.  ...  Harness-maker.  19  July,  1864. 
Brooklyn,  N.Y.  —  Beverly.  —  Deserted  22  June,  1865. 

MERRIAM,  Wilder.  23.  Westminster,  Mass.  Mechanic. 
20  Feb.,  1864.  Gardner. —  Gardner.  —  Detached  to  brig 
ade  band.  No  further  record. 

MILES,  John  F 1864.     ...  —  ... 

—  Transferred  to  Company  K,  which  see. 

MORAN,  Thomas.  21.  New  York.  ...  25  June,  1864. 
Brooklyn,  N.Y,  —  South  Hadley.  —  Wounded  in  leg,  3 
Aug.,  1864,  in  front  of  Atlanta;  in  hospital;  no  further 
record. 

MUNSON,  John.  22.  New  York.  Plasterer.  9  June,  1864. 
Boston.  —  ...  —  Deserted  22  June,  1865. 

EOGERS,  William.  21.  Schuylkill  County,  Penn.  Miner. 
29  June,  1864.  Pottsville,  Penn.  —  North  Brookfield. — 
Deserted  22  June,  1865. 

KYAN,  William.  21.  Elizabethport,  N.J.  Boatman.  16 
June,  1864.  Elizabethport,  N.J.  —  North  Brookfield.  Mus 
tered  out. 

SCANLAN,  Patrick.  29.  ...  Laborer.  29  Aug.,  1864. 
Salem.  —  Northampton.  —  Mustered  out. 

SCHNEIDER,  Albert.  21.  Wirtemberg,  Germany.  Watch 
maker.  16  July,  1864.  Boston.  —  Northampton.  — 
Taken  prisoner  in  the  North-Carolina  campaign.  Mustered 
out. 

SPENCER,  John.  24.  Wilmington,  Del.  Machinist.  5 
July,  1864.  Wilmington,  Del.  —  South  Danvers.  — Mus 
tered  out. 

WILTON,  Harris.  22.  Quebec,  C.E.  Seaman.  23  June, 
1864.  Boston. —  South  Hadley.  —  Absent  in  hospital. 
No  further  record. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN SECOND    TERM.  445 

COMPANY    D. 
VETERANS. 

ANDERSON,  John  E.  —  Sergeant.  —  Mustered  out. 
BERRIGAN,  Kerin.  —  Died,  24  Feb.,  1864,  at  Albany,  N.Y., 

when  the  regiment  was  returning  to  the  field. 
BILLINGS,  Alfred.  —  Mustered  out. 
BLIVEN,  Arthur  J.  —  Sergeant.  —  Mustered  out. 
BOOTH,  Alvin  O.  —  Mustered  out. 
BRUCE,    George  A.  —  Corporal,   1   July,  1864,  to  13  Nov., 

1864;    corporal  again,  1   Jan.,   1865,  to   28  June,  1865. 

Mustered  out. 
CROSBY,  Reuben  G.  —  Hospital  attendant,  January,  1865. — 

Mustered  out. 

CURTIS,  George  S.  —  Mustered  out. 
EAGER,  William  O.  —  Mustered  out. 
FITZGIBBON,  James  C. —  Corporal.  — Mustered  out. 
HEALD,    Charles    H.  —  Corporal.  —  Transferred,    28    May, 

1864,  to  G,  which  see. 
HOUGHTON,   Albert.  —  Commissary    department,   26  April, 

1864.  —  Prisoner   in    the    North- Carolina    campaign,    20 
March,  1865,  to  30  March,  1865.     Mustered  out,  12  June, 

1865,  by  General  Order  77. 
IHGRAM,  Gilbert  B.  —  Mustered  out. 
KING,  Edward  H.  —  Mustered  out. 

KING,    Ossian    M.  -*  Corporal.  —  Sergeant,    1    Jan.,  1865; 

First  sergeant,  1  July,  1865.     Wounded  in  thigh,  15  May, 

1864,  at  Resaca.     Mustered  out. 
KINSMAN,  Frederick.  —  Appointed  hospital  steward,  1  April, 

1865. —  See  Non-commissioned  Staff. 
LEAHY,  Richard.  —  Mustered  out. 
LITCHFIRLD,  Charles  D.  —  Mustered  out. 
O'BRIEN,  James.  —  Deserted  23  June,  1865. 
PRESCOTT,  James  M.  —  Transferred,  on  re-enlisting,  to   C, 

which  see. 


446      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

REED,  William  H.  —  Transferred,  1  July,  1864,  to  G,  which 
see. 

SHATTUCK,  Danforth.  —  Taken  prisoner  at  Waynesboro',  2 
Feb.,  1865;  arrived  at  parole  camp,  28  March,  1865. 
Mustered  out  12  June,  1865. 

THOMPSON,  Jedediah  C.  —  Sergeant.  —  Wounded  in  foot,  15 
May,  1864,  at  Resaca.  First  lieutenant,  7  July,  1864. — 
See  Commissioned  Officers. 

TIIURSTON,  Thomas  B.  —  First  sergeant.  —  Sergeant-major, 
1  July,  1865.  —  See  Non-commissioned  Staff. 

TOOMBS,  William  D.  — Corporal,  15  July,  1864.  — Trans 
ferred  30  Jan.,  1865,  to  G,  which  see. 

WEBBER,  George  H.  —  Transferred,  on  re-enlisting,  from  K. 
Taken  prisoner  in  the  North-Carolina  campaign.  Mus 
tered  out. 

RECRUITS. 

ALSEN  (Olsten?),  Peter.    25.    ...    Sailor.    23  June,  1864. 

Boston.  —  Dudley.  —  Deserted  30  July,  1864. 
ALSTON,  Michael.     22.     .  .  .     Boatman.      15   June,  1864. 

Boston.  —  Quincy.  —  No  further  report. 
BILLINGS,  Thomas  E.  —  Transferred,  3   March,  1864,  from 

B.     In  hospital,  at  Jeffersonville,  Ind.,  26  July,  1865,  when 

mustered  out. 
BOHS,  Bernhard.     22.     Germany.     Painter.     6  July,  1864. 

Boston.  —  Chelsea.  — Transferred  to  K,  which  see. 
BLACK,   Robert.      21.      ...      Shoemaker,   12  July,  1864. 

Kingston,  C.W.  —  Lynn.  —  Deserted  23  Sept.,  1864. 
BRADY,   James.      21.      ...      Carpenter.      12  July,  1864. 

Montreal,  C.E.  —  Beverly.  —  Mustered  out. 
BUCHER,  Siegfried.     24.     Switzerland.     Farmer.     20  July, 

1864.     Switzerland.  —  Harwich.  —  Mustered  out. 
CARNEY,  William.  —  No  record.     Deserted  31  July,  1864. 
CARROLL,  Michael.      21.      ...      Farmer.      7  July,    1864. 

Baltimore,  Md.  —  Chelsea.  —  Deserted  8  Aug .,  1864. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN SECOND    TERM.  447 

CLAFFY,  John.     19.     ...     Laborer.     18  Feb.,  1865.    Bos 
ton.  —  Worcester.  —  Mustered  out. 
FOLEY,   James.      30.     St.  John's,   N.B.     Sailor.     23   July, 

1864.     St.  John's,  N.B.  —  Chelsea.  —  Died  of  disease  in 

Douglas  Hospital,  24  June,  1865. 
GAYNOR,    Patrick.      35.      ...      Clerk.      23   June,    1864. 

Boston.  —  Boston.  —  Mustered  out. 
GEISSLER,    Eugene.      19.       Germany.       Stone-cutter.       16 

July,  1864.  —  Boston.  —  North  Andover.  —  Deserted    1 1 

March,  1865. 
HATCH,    Charles    A.      21.      Andover,  Mass.       Clerk.     29 

July,  1864.     Boston.  —  Eastham.  —  Mustered  out. 
HEPPEL,  Carl.     26.     ...    Machinist.     3  Oct.,  1864.     Bos 
ton. —  Roxbury.  —  Deserted  25  June,   1865." 
HOUGHTON,   Josiah  S.      18.     Chelsea,  Mass.     Farmer.     9 

Dec.,    1863.       Leominster.  —  Leominster.  —  Transferred 

from  B,  3  March,  1864.     Mustered  out, 
JONES,  Everett.     .  .  .  — Deserted  8  Aug.,  1864. 
LANGE,  Adolph.      26.      ...      Bookbinder.     1  Nov.,   1864. 

Boston.  —  Roxbury.  —  Mustered  out. 
MATONE,  Johann  Peter.     36.     ...     Painter.    3  Oct.,  1864. 

Boston.  —  Roxbury.  —  Mustered  out. 
McNANNY,  Thomas.      19.      Toronto,  N.Y.     Boatman.     25 

July,  1864.     New  York.  —  Leverett.  —  Deserted  23  Sept., 

1864. 

MELEY,  James.     .  .  .  — Deserted  4  Aug.,  1864. 
MOORE,  Thomas.     21.     York  County,  Penn.     Farmer.      22 

July,   1864.     St.  Louis,  Mo.  —  Northampton.  —  Deserted 

23  Sept.,  1864. 
MULLOY,  Patrick.      26.     ...      Moulder.     20  July,  1864. 

Lowell. — Harvard.  —  No  further  record. 
PARKER,  John  'M.      18.      Pittsfield,   Mass.      Farmer.     25 

July,    1864.      Worthington.  —  Worthington.  —  Mustered 

out. 
SHOOTMETER    (Schattonuller,    Schattmuller?),  Ignatz.      25. 

.  .  .     Teamster.      6   Aug.,   1864.      Germany.  —  Chelsea. 

—  In  hospital,  26  July,  1865,  when  mustered  out. 


448      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

SHOTT,  John.  32.  ...  Butcher.  5  July,  1864.  Patter 
son,  N.J.  —  Lynn.  —  Deserted  8  Aug.,  1864. 

WASNER,  Heinrich.  26.  ...  Butcher.  29  June,  1864. 
Germany. —  Barre.  —  Deserted  8  Aug.,  1864. 

WATERMAN,  John.  20.  Newark,  N.J.  —  Machinist.  14 
July,  1864.  Newark,  N.J.  —  North  Brookfield.  —  De 
serted  11  Nov.,  1864. 


COMPANY    E. 

VETERANS. 

DUNTON,  Alonzo  E.  —  Sergeant  to  22  June,  1864.    Deserted 

3  Aug.,  1864. 
HARLOW,  Edwin  A.  —  Transferred  from  A,  1  July,  1864. 

First  sergeant,  1   July,   1864;    second  lieutenant,  3  July, 

1865,  but  not  mustered  in.  —  See  Commissioned  Officers. 

Mustered  out. 
MATHER,  Samuel  A.  —  Was  mustered  out  28  May,  1864, 

but  re-enlisted  15   Au<*.,  1864.     Mustered  out   11   June, 

1865. 


RECRUITS. 

ARTER,  Robert.  22.  New  Jersey.  Brickmaker.  28  June, 
1864.  New  Brainbridge,  N.J.  —  Holyoke.  —  Deserted  12 
Aug.,  1864. 

BROWN,  James.  23.  ...  Tailor.  16  July,  1864.  Low 
ell.  —  Lowell.  —  Deserted  25  June,  1865. 

BROWN,  John.  25.  .  .  .  Seaman,  25  June,  1864.  Bos 
ton.  —  Swampscott.  —  Mustered  out. 

BUTLER,  James.  21.  Whitehall,  N.Y.  Laborer.  7  May, 
1864.  Whitehall,  N.Y.  —  New  Braintree.  —  Corporal,  10 
Sept.,  1864.  Absent  in  hospital  when  mustered  out. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN SECOND    TERM.  449 

CAFFREY,  Edward.  20.  Albany,  N.Y.  Painter.  10  June, 
1864.  New  York.  —  Chelsea. — Wounded  in  head,  30 
July,  1864,  in  front  of  Atlanta.  Mustered  out. 

GLAUS,  Robert.  26.  Prussia.  Clerk.  7  May,  1864.  New 
York.  —  Boston.  —  Deserted  3  Aug.,  1864. 

COLE,  Charles  E.  19.  ...  Farmer.  10  Sept.,  1864. 
Providence,  R  J.  —  Lowell.  —  Mustered  out. 

CRONAN,    Patrick.      25.      Ireland.       Laborer.      29    June, 

1864.  Ireland.  —  Barre.  —  Deserted  8  Aug.,  1864  ;   ar 
rested  10  Aug.,  1864;  in  penitentiary  at  Nashville  when 
the  regiment  was  mustered  out. 

DAVIS,  Joseph.  25.  Deny,  Ireland.  Pattern-maker.  25 
June,  1864.  New  York.  —  Swampscott.  —  Deserted  from 
provost  guard,  9  Aug.,  1864;  arrested;  in  penitentiary  at 
Nashville  when  the  regiment  was  mustered  out. 

FORD,  John.  32.  New  York.  Hatter.  13  July,  1864. 
New  York.  —  Wellfleet.  —  Sick  in  hospital ;  no  further 
record. 

GREEN,  William.  22.  Lancaster,  Penn.  Machinist.  14 
July,  1864.  Frankfort,  Penn.  —  North  Brookfield.  —  De 
serted  9  Jan.,  1865. 

GREY,  Patrick.  37.  ...  Boiler-maker.  17  Aug.,  1864. 
Boston.  —  West  Springfield.  —  Mustered  out. 

GUTHRIE,  Henry  A.  (V.  ?).  21.  Stafford,  Ct.  Operative. 
1 1  May,  1864.  Stafford,  Ct.  — Boston.  —  Corporal,  1  June, 

1865.  Mustered  out. 

HARPER,  John.     31.     Scotland.      Laborer.      18  June,  1864. 

Boston.  —  Holyoke.  —  Quartermaster's  clerk,  3  Nov.,  1864. 

In  hospital,  22  June,  1865,  when  mustered  out. 
HENSHAW,  James.      22.      Manchester,   Eng.      Cooper.     8 

June,  1864.      Boston.  —  Salisbury.  —  Deserted  15    July, 

1864. 
JOHNSON,  George.    22.    New  Orleans,  La.    Sailor.    2  Aug., 

1864.     I-Iopkiiiton.  —  Lowell.  —  Deserted  12  Sept.,  1864. 
KELLIHER,  Timothy.     21.     Boston,  Mass.     Shoemaker.     9 

29 


450      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

June,  1864.     Deerfield.  —  Deerfield. —  Deserted;  no  date 
given. 

LAMONT,  Pierre.  29.  ...  Sailor.  3  Nov.,  1864.  New 
York.  —  Easton.  —  In  hospital,  26  July,  1865,  when  mus 
tered  out. 

LEONARD,  George.  22.  Baltimore,  Md.  Laborer.  1  July, 
1864.  Baltimore,  Md.  —  Holyoke.  —  Deserted  12  Aug., 
1864. 

LYNCH,  Edward.  27.  New  York.  Laborer.  21  June, 
1864.  —  New  York.  —  Savoy.  —  Deserted  12  June,  1864. 

MATHER.  Frederick  A.  38.  ...  Bootmaker.  15  Aug., 
1864.  Milford.  —  Milford. — Mustered  out  11  June, 
1865. 

MATTESON,  William  E.  20.  South  Shaftsbury,  Vt.  Turner. 
24  May,  1864.  Vermont. —  Chelsea.  —  Mustered  out. 

McCAULEY,  Henry.  35.  Fermor,  Ireland.  Laborer.  23 
April,  1864.  Boston. — Abington. —  Corporal,  1  July, 
1864.  Wounded  in  head,  30  July,  1864,  in  front  of  At 
lanta.  Wounded  in  thigh,  severely,  16  March,  1865,  at 
Averysborough.  In  hospital,  17  June,  1865,  when  mus 
tered  out. 

McTiERNEY  (McTomey,  Adj. -Gen.),  John.  21.  Yorkport, 
N.J.  Farmer.  2  Aug.,  1864.  Jersey  City,  N.J.  —  West 
minster. —  Deserted  15  Nov.,  1864. 

MEHLER,  Michael.  21.  ...  N.J.  Laborer.  30  June, 
1864.  —  Boston.  —  Royalston.  —  Deserted  16  Aug.,  1864 ; 
arrested  17  Aug. ;  in  penitentiary  at  Nashville  when  the 
regiment  was  mustered  out. 

MICKEY,  Edward.  18.  Hamburg,  Germany.  Comb-maker. 
9  May,  1864.  New  York.  —  Boston.  —  Company  musi 
cian.  Mustered  out. 

MOORE,  John.  26.  Scotland.  Moulder.  2  Aug.,  1864. 
Cohoes,  N.Y.  —  Lowell.  —  In  hospital,  27  May,  1865, 
when  discharged. 

MUNSOX,  Charles.  21.  Ireland.  Expressman.  6  June,  1864. 
Philadelphia.  —  Northampton.  —  Wounded,  seriously,  30 


THE    ENLISTED   MEN — SECOND    TERM.  451 

July,  1864,  in  front  of  Atlanta.    In  hospital,  26  July,  1865, 

when  mustered  out. 
MUNSON,   John.      22.      New    York.      Carpenter.      7  July, 

1864.  —  Williamsburg,    N.Y.  —  Leicester.  —  Deserted   13 

Aug.,  1864. 
MURPHY,  Jeremiah.      19.      Ireland.      Boatman.      28  June, 

1864.  —  Montreal,  C.E.  —  Holyoke.  —  Mustered  out. 
MUHPHY,  Thomas.      21.     Brattleboro',  Vt.     Machinist.     16 

May,  1864.     Winchester.  —  Boston.  —  Corporal,  23  June, 

1865.  Mustered  out. 

NETH,    Franz.      27.       Germany.      Cigar-maker.      6   July, 

1864.  —  Prussia.  —  Winchendon.  —  Deserted    11    Aug., 

1864. 
O'NEAL,  William.    21.    .  .  .  N.  Y.    Farmer,  22  July,  1864. 

Port  Kent,  N.Y.  —  Wayland.     Deserted  12  Sept.,  1864. 
PARKER,   Richard  S.     28.     Salem,  Mass.     Clerk.     9  July, 

1864.     Fairhaven,  Ct.  —  Amesbury.  —  Deserted  12  Aug., 

1864. 
PIERCE,  John  A.      32.      Milford,  Mass.      Bootmaker.     25 

Feb.,  1864.     Medway. — Medway.  —  Mustered  out. 
PICKETT,   Daniel    S.      23.      Kerry,   Ireland.      Laborer.     9 

May,   1864.      Boston.  —  Boston.  —  Prisoner,  July,  1864  ; 

discharged  (paroled)  5  June,  1865. 
RANDOLPH,  James  L.     25.     Wilmington,  Del.     Clerk.     10 

June,  1864.     Wilmington,  Del.  —  Chelsea.  —  Deserted  22 

Oct.,  1864. 
RHOUX,  Joseph.     20.     Canada.     Laborer.     21  April,  1864. 

Canada  li^ast.  —  Petersham.  —  Killed  in  action,  30  July, 

1864,  near  Atlanta. 
RILEY,   John.      20.      Ireland.      Laborer.      31   May,    1864. 

Boston.  —  Winchendon.  —  Wounded,   16  March,   1865,  at 

Averysborough.     Mustered  out. 
ROBBINS,   Arthur  N.      23.     Cape  of  Good   Hope.     Sailor. 

12  July,  1864.     .  .  .  — Lynn.  —  Deserted  13  Aug.,  1864. 
SHELDON,   Duane   C.      18.      ...     Clerk.     17   Oct.,   1864. 

Andover,  Vt. —  Roxbury.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  27 

May,  1865. 


452  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

SHEPHERD,  Eugene.     19.     Newark,  N.J.    Laborer.    7  May, 

1864.  New  Bedford.  —  Chelsea.  —  Died  of  disease,  Jan., 

1865,  at  Nashville,  Tenn. 

SMITH,  Charles.  24.  Tipperary,  Ireland.  Shoemaker.  2 
Aug.,  1864.  Lowell. —  .  .  .  — Deserted  12  Sept.,  1864. 

SMITH,  Henry.  21.  ...  Moulder.  3  Nov.,  1864.  Bos 
ton.  —  Chatham.  —  Deserted  10  June,  1865. 

STEVENS,  Edward  G.  44.  ...  Painter.  20  Sept.,  1864. 
Boston.  —  Haverhill.  —  In  hospital,  27  July,  1865,  when 
mustered  out. 

SULLIVAN,  James.  35.  Kerry,  Ireland.  Clerk.  26  July, 
1864.  New  York.  —  Waylaud.  —  Taken  prisoner  in  the 
North- Carolina  campaign.  Discharged  (paroled)  24  July, 
1865. 

SULLIVAN,  John.  21.  Ireland.  Hostler.  29  June,  1864. 
Cambridge. —  Barre.  —  Deserted  8  Aug.,  1864  ;  arrested 
10  Aug.,  1864 ;  in  penitentiary  at  Nashville  when  the 
regiment  was  mustered  out. 

SWEENY,  Wallace  H.  24.  England.  Laborer.  2  Aug., 
1864.  Brooklyn,  N.Y.  —  Lowell. —  Deserted  17  Jan.,  1865. 

TAYLOR,  Edwin.  26.  ...  Painter.  22  June,  1864.  Spring 
field.  —  Charlton.  —  Died  of  disease,  15  Oct.,  1864,  at 
Chattanooga. 

TEISS,  Ernest.  «  34.  Germany.  Baker.  7  May,  1864. 
Boston.  —  Chelsea.  —  Straggled  on  march,  August,  1864; 
supposed  prisoner ;  no  further  record. 

WALLACE,  John  A.  21.  Manchester,  N.H.  Blacksmith. 
15  June,  1864.  Manchester,  N.H.  —  Holyoke.  —  Taken 
prisoner;  discharged  (paroled)  20  July,  1865. 

WHITTEMORE,  Charles  L.  18.  ...  Teamster.  26  July, 
1864.  Charlestown,  N.H.  —  Roxbury.  —  Mustered  out. 

WINTERS,  William.  27.  Philadelphia,  Penn.  Brewer. 
31  May,  1864.  Philadelphia,  Penn.  —  Tewksbury.  —  De 
serted  22  Oct.,  1864. 

WOODMAN,  John.  18.  ...  Farmer.  22  Aug.,  1864. 
Brewer,  Me.  —  Needham.  —  Prisoner  in  the  North-Caro 
lina  campaign  ;  no  further  record. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN SECOND    TERM.  453 

COMPANY    F. 

VETERANS. 

BILLINGS,  David  E.  —  Mustered  out. 

BRYANT,  Cyrus  W.  —  Taken  prisoner,  8  June,  1864.    Absent 

in  hospital,  18  July,  1865,  when  mustered  out. 
CARR,   Patrick  H.  —  In    commissary  department,    January, 

1865.     Mustered  out. 
COOK,  Martin  V.  B.  —  Mustered  out. 
CROSBY,  Pardon  L.  —  Corporal,  1  July,  1864;  sergeant,  23 

June,  1865;  color-sergeant,  25  June,  1865.     Mustered  out. 
CURRANT,  Thatcher  M.  —  Corporal,  1  April,  1864;  sergeant, 

5  June,  1865.     Mustered  out. 
DOUGLAS,  John  F.  —  Sergeant.  —  Armorer,  28  April,  1864. 

Prisoner,  8  Nov.,  1864;   not  heard  from. 
DURGIN,  Daniel.  —  Mustered  out. 
GORTON,  Samuel  M.  —  In  hospital  at  Boston,  23  Feb.,  1864. 

No  further  record. 

HARTT,  John  T.  —  Company  musician.  —  Mustered  out. 
JEPSON,    Samuel  L.  —  Sergeant.  —  First   sergeant,  1  March, 

1864,  to   13  Nov.,  1864;    sergeant,  4  March,   1865;    first 
sergeant,  23  April,  1865.     Appointed  second  lieutenant,  3 
July,  1865,  but  not  mustered  in.  —  See  Commissioned  Offi 
cers.    Mustered  out. 

KENDALL,  Webster  A.  —  Transferred,  on  re-enlisting,  to  C, 

which  see. 
PARKER,  Alfred  R.  —  Corporal.  —  Killed  in  action,  16  March, 

1865,  at  Averysborough. 

PICKERING,  Asa.  —  Corporal,  23  June,  1865.    Mustered  out. 
RICHARDSON,    Delavan. —  Corporal. —  Sergeant,    1    April, 

1864.     Mustered  out. 
STATEN,  William    H.  —  Corporal.  —  Sergeant,    13    March, 

1864,  to  4  March,   1865.     Mustered  out. 
WHIPPLE,  Alfred  P.  —  Corporal,  5  June,   1865.     Mustered 

out. 


454      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 


RECRUITS. 

BRADY,  Thomas.      21.     Newark,  N.J.     Laborer.     1   June, 

1864.  —  Boston.  —  Attleboro'.  —  Deserted  11  Aug.,  1864. 
BROWN,   Edwin   (Edward?).      20.      Germany.    Sailor.     15 

Jan.,   1864.      Philadelphia.  —  Rutland.  —  No  further   re 
port. 
BRYANT,  Andrew  A.      21.      Athol,  Mass.     Mechanic.     15 

Feb.,  1864.     Phillipston.  —  Phillipston.  —  Mustered  out. 
CAMPBELL,  Robert.    20.    Delaware  County,  Penn.    Laborer. 

6  July,  1864.     Philadelphia.  —  Winchendon.  —  Deserted 

9  Aug.,  1864. 
CARTON  (Karton?),  Charles.     19.     .  .  .    Boatman.    4  July, 

1864.      Boston.  —  North  Andover.  —  Deserted  20  Nov., 

1864. 
CONNORS,  Jeremiah.      29.      .  .  .      Stone-cutter.      18  Aug., 

1864.     Salem.  —  Salem.  —  Mustered  out. 
CROSBY,  John.     22.     Rouville,  Texas.     Farmer.     24  June, 

1864.     Norfolk,  Va.  —  South  Hadley.  —  Deserted  7  Aug., 

1864. 
DAVIS,  Frederick   C.   (Francis  ?)      

—  ...  —  Corporal,  23  June,  1865.     No  further  record. 
DEVITT,  Edward.      21.      Ireland.      Barber.     1  Aug.,  1864. 

Philadelphia.  —  Conway.  —  Deserted  4  Sept.,  1864. 
DILLON,  Thomas  (James?).     21.     Syracuse,  N.Y.    Laborer. 

26    May,    1864.       Springfield.  —  Templeton.  —  Wounded 

(leg  broken)   by  shell,   1  Aug.,  1864,  in  front  of  Atlanta. 

Absent  in  hospital  when  mustered  out. 
DUMPHREY,  Edward.     21.     ...     Farmer.     10  Nov.,  1864. 

Worcester.  —  Worcester.  —  Deserted  10  June,  1865. 
DUNN,   Daniel.      21.      Ireland.      Laborer.      6  June,   1864. 

New  York.  —  Boylston. —  Deserted  7  Nov.,  1864. 
DUNN,  Peter.     21.     Ireland.    Laborer.    1  June,  1864.     Bos 
ton. —  Warwick.  —  Deserted  9  Aug.,  1864. 
GILBERT,    Frederick.      23.      ...      Clerk.      9  July,  1864. 


THE    ENLISTED   MEN SECOND    TERM.  455 

Prussia.  —  Salisbury.  —  Wounded  in  neck,  16  March,  1865, 

at  Averysborough.     Mustered  out. 
GREGORY,  Samuel  D.     18.     ...    Farmer.     22  Aug.,  1864. 

Bellingham. —  Bellingham.  —  Prisoner,   14    April,    1865. 

Mustered  out. 
HARLAND,  William.     25.     Germany.     Blacksmith.    5  July, 

1864.      Germany. —  Lynn.  —  Deserted  9  Aug.,  1864. 
HARRINGTON,   Charles.      27.      ...      Tinsmith.      23  July, 

1864.     New  York.  —  Chelsea. —  Prisoner  in  the   North- 
Carolina  campaign.      Discharged   for   disability,    2   July, 

1865. 
JOHNSON,  James.     35.     Baltimore,  Md.     Laborer.     7  May, 

1864.  —  Baltimore,  Md.  —  Chelsea.  —  Deserted  from  hos 
pital  in  Nashville  ;  no  date  given. 
KAISER,  Jacob.     25.     ...      Baker.      6  July,  1864.     New 

York.  —  Amesbury.  —  Deserted  12  Nov.,  1864. 
KELLEY,  John  F.     23.     Canada.     Machinist.     3  May,  1864. 

Canada.  —  Boston.  —  Mustered  out. 
KELLEY,   Michael.      22.      ...     Currier.     8  Sept.,   1864. 

Salem.  —  Lowell.  —  Mustered  out. 
KELLEY,  William.      22.     Roscommon,  Ireland.     Teamster. 

8  June,  1864.  —  Boston. —  Salisbury.  —  Deserted  9  Aug., 

18(54. 
LANE,    Gustavus   E.      27 20  Sept.,  1863. 

Boston.  —  ...  —  Mustered  out. 
MASON,  William.     21.     England.     Seaman.    23  May,  1864. 

Boston.  —  Maiden. — Died,    14   Aug.,    1864,  in  front   of 

Atlanta. 
MEIIAN,  Matthew.      20.      ...     Laborer.     15   Feb.,   1865. 

Salem.  —  Ashby.  —  Mustered  out. 
MULLER,  Conrad.     27.     ...     Shoemaker.     29  June,  1864. 

New  York.  —  Barre.  —  In  hospital,  3  July,   1865,  when 

mustered  out. 
NANGLE,  Thomas.      26.      Ireland.      Clerk.     3  May,  1864. 

Canada.  —  Provincetown. — In  hospital,    17    June,    1865, 

when  mustered  out. 


456      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

O'BRIEN,  James.      22.      ...      Carpenter.      16  July,  1864. 

Newtonville,  N.Y.  — Lowell.  —  Corporal,  5  June,  1865,  to 

19  June,  1865.     Deserted  19  June,  1865. 
PIERSON,  Oscar.     18.     Norway.     Laborer.     10  Feb.,  1864. 

Chelmsford.  —  Chelmsford.  —  Mustered  out. 
REGAN,  Thomas.      20.     Ireland.     Grocer.     25   May,  1864. 

New  York.  —  Chelsea.  —  Wounded  in  thigh,  severely,  16 

March,  1865,  at  Averysborough.     In  hospital  when  mus 
tered  out. 
RILEY,   James.      21.      Westchester,   Ct.      Clerk.      2  Aug., 

1 864.     New  York.  —  Princeton.  —  Mustered  out. 
RING,  George.     20.     .  .  .     Driver.     14  July,  1864.     New 

Haven,  Ct  —  North  Brookfield.     Deserted  12  Nov.,  1864. 
ROBINSON,   Charles.      26.      Canada.      Machinist.      3   May, 

1864.     St.  John's,  N.B.  —  Princeton.  —  Mustered  out. 
RYAN,  James.       26.      Tipperary,    Ireland.      Boatman.     26 

May,  1864.     Brooklyn,  N.Y.  —  Templeton.  —  Prisoner  in 

North-Carolina  campaign.     In  hospital  when  mustered  out. 
RYAN,  John   H.     21.     Newark,  N.J.     Laborer.     11  June, 

1864.    Newark,  N.J.  —  Chelsea.  —  Deserted  9  Aug.,  1864. 
WARD,    Peter.      21.      Ireland.      Laborer.      3   May,  1864. 

Philadelphia,    Penn.  —  North    Brookfield.      Absent   sick. 

No  further  record. 


COMPANY    G. 

VETERANS. 

BALDWIN,  John  D.  S.  —  Company  musician.  —  Mustered  out. 

FRENCH,  Henry  P.  —  Absent  in  hospital,  4  May,  1864. 
(Probably  discharged.) 

HEALD,  Charles  H.  —  Corporal.  —  Transferred,  on  re-enlist 
ing,  from  D.  Sergeant,  28  May,  1864;  first  sergeant, 
1  July,  1864.  Wounded,  slightly,  16  March,  1865,  at 
Averysborough.  Appointed  second  lieutenant,  3  July, 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN  —  SECOND   TERM.  457 

1865,  but  not  mustered  in.  —  See  Commissioned  Officers. 
Mustered  out. 

LAWTON,  John.  —  Wounded  in  leg,  15  May,  1864,  at  Resaca. 
Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps,  17  Sept.,  1864. 

REED,  William  H.  —  Transferred,  on  re-enlisting,  from  D. 
Sergeant,  1  July,  1864.  Wounded,  30  July,  1864,  in  front 
of  Atlanta,  and  died  in  consequence,  4  Oct.,  1864.  Buried 
at  Chattanooga. 

RICHARDSON,  Jesse.  —  First  sergeant.  —  First  lieutenant,  24 
May,  1864.  —  See  Commissioned  Officers. 

TOOMBS,  William  D.  —  Corporal.  —  Transferred  to  G,  30 
Jan.,  1865,  from  D  ;  sergeant,  30  Jan.,  1865  ;  first  lieuten 
ant,  to  date  from  4  Nov.,  1864.  —  See  Commissioned  Offi 
cers. 

RECRUITS. 

BOWLER,  Jeremiah.  21.  Ireland.  Currier.  5  May,  1864. 
Winchester.  —  Pembroke.  —  Corporal,  27  Dec.,  1864,  to 
25  June,  1865.  Mustered  out. 

CARRICK,  Edward.  21.  Philadelphia,  Penn.  Driller.  14 
July,  1864.  Newark,  N.J.  —  Wellfleet.  —  Deserted  15 
Nov.,  1864. 

COCHLAN,  Thomas.  30.  Ireland.  Sailor.  27  May,  1864. 
Boston. —  Lee.  —  Deserted  22  July,  1864. 

COLEMAN,  Patrick.  30.  Ireland.  Currier.  10  Aug.,  1864. 
Salem. —  Salem.  —  In  hospital,  28  July,  1865,  when  mus 
tered  out. 

CONNELLY,  Benjamin.  23.  Ireland.  Boatman.  6  July, 
1864.  Troy,  N.Y.  —  Lynn.  —  Deserted  16  Aug.,  1864. 

Cox,  John.  18.  Maiden,  Mass.  Clerk.  16  Feb.,  1864. 
Maiden.  —  Boston.  —  Mustered  out. 

Cox,  William.  25.  Prince  Edward's  Island.  Sailor.  30 
May,  1864.  Prince  Edward's  Island.  —  Maiden.  —  Mus 
tered  out. 

GULP,  Joseph.  20.  Worcester,  Mass.  Laborer.  2  Aug., 
1864.  Worcester.  —  Milton.  —  Deserted  20  Sept.,  1864. 


458  SECOND    MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

FISHER,  George.     27.     Germany.     Saddler.     1  June,  1864. 

Germany.  —  Northampton.  —  Mustered  out. 
FOLEY,  Charles.      23.      Baltimore,  Md.     Sailor.     12   July, 

1864.     Wellfleet.  — Wellfleet.—  Deserted  15  Aug.,  1864. 
FOLEY,  John.      20.      Stamford,    Ct.       Laborer.      13    July, 

1864.     Conn.  —  Beverly.  —  Deserted  15  Nov.,  1864. 
FORD,  Delos  B.     18.     New  York.    Printer.    15  Feb.,  1864. 

Roxbury.  —  Boston. — Absent  sick,  24  July,  1865,  when 

mustered  out. 
FOREMAN  (Fuhrman?),  George.     24.     Germany.     Farmer. 

17  May,  1864.     Boston.  —  Chelsea.  —  Wounded,  21  Dec., 

1864,  in  South  Carolina.     Mustered  out. 
Fox,  John.      21.     West  Derby,  Vt.      Farmer.      18   Feb., 

1864.  —  Stanstead,  C.E.  —  Boston.  —  In  hospital,  1  Oct., 

1864,  and  also  when  regiment  was  mustered  out. 
FREY,  James.      24.      Germany.     Pedler.     13  June,    1864. 

Austria.  —  Chelsea.  —  Corporal,  10  Sept.,  1864,  to  30  Dec., 

1864,   when  returned  to  the  ranks  at   his    own    request. 

Wounded  in  breast  and  arm,  severely,  16  March,  1865,  at 

Averysborough ;  discharged  in  consequence,  3  July,  1865. 
GASSELL,  Henry.      35.      (No  record  of  items.)     Deserted 

6  July,  1864. 
GIBSON,  George.     (No  record  of  items.)     Deserted  12  Nov., 

1864. 
GLASER  (or  Glozier),  Louis.      21.     .  .  .     Sailor.     30  Nov., 

1864.     Boston.  —  Chelsea.  —  Mustered  out. 
GREEN,   John.     32.     St.  John's,  N.B.      Seaman.      2  June, 

1864.    St.  John's,  N.B.  —  Kingston. —  Deserted  17  Aug. , 

1864. 
HALE,  Wilbur  H.     18.     Portland,  Me.    Laborer.     27  April, 

1864.     Glastenbury,  Ct.  —  New  Salem.  —  Mustered  out. 
HARLEY,   Bartholomew.      31.      ...      Laborer.      25   Aug., 

1864.  —  New  York.  —  Lowell.  —  Mustered  out. 
HERRICK,  James.     22.     Canada.     Boatman.     8  July,  1864. 

Albany,  N.Y.  — Wellfleet.  —  Deserted  8  June,  1865. 
HOPKINS,  John.     20.     New  York.     Printer.     5  May,  1864. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN SECOND    TERM.  459 

Cleveland,  Ohio.  —  Pembroke.  —  Corporal,  10  Sept.,  1864, 

to  3  Nov.,  18G4.     Deserted  12  Nov.,  18G4. 
HUTCHINSON,  David.     20.     Scotland.     Laborer.     28  April, 

1864.       Scotland.  —  New    Salem.  —  Dropped    19    Dec., 

1864 ;  supposed  to  have  been  shot  by  guerillas. 
JONES,  Frederick.     26.     Germany.     Trader.     1  June,  1864. 

Germany.  —  Shelburne.  —  Deserted  16  July,  1864. 
KEEGAN,   Frank.      19.      New   York.      Spinner.      22   July, 

1864.     Providence,  R.I.  —  Chelsea.  —  Died  5  June,  1865, 

at  Savannah,  Ga. 
KING,     John.      21.      Ireland.       Cooper.      26    July,    1864. 

Canada.  —  Salem.  —  Deserted  18  Jan.,  1865. 
KNOWLES,  John.     21.     England.     Laborer.     27  May,  1864. 

England.  —  Lee.  —  Deserted  24  Aug.,  1864. 
LEE,   William.      20.     Canada.     Boatman.     30  July,   1864. 

Cobourg,    C.W. —  Plymouth.  —  Discharged  for  disability, 

28  June,  1865. 
LEIGHTON,    Joseph.  —  "Recruit  from   depot,"  April,    1865. 

No  other  record. 

LEUDO    (Ledou?),    Frank.       21.      Montreal,   C.E.      Brick- 
maker.     27  May,   1864.     Boston.  —  Maiden.  —  Mustered 

out  26  July,  1865. 
LUITER,  Samuel  D.  (Luther,  Joseph  ?).    21    ...    Laborer. 

20  Aug.,  1864.       Douglas.  —  Douglas.  —  Discharged  by 

order  of  War  Department,  11  June,  1865. 
MAGOUN,  William.     18.     Shepton,  Canada.     Teamster.     28 

April,   1864.      Warwick,    C.E.  —  Boston.  —  Deserted   20 

Dec.,  1864. 
MAYO,  John.     24.     Montreal,  C.E.     Soldier.     2  July,  1864. 

Montreal,  C.E.  —  Lancaster.  —  Deserted  10  Aug.,  1864. 
McNAMARA,  George.      19.      Ireland.     Mariner.     23  April 

1 864.  Ireland.  —  Sandwich.  —  Wounded  in  leg,  1 6  March, 

1865,  at  Averysborough ;  in  hospital,  1  June,  1865,  when 
discharged. 

MERRILL,  Truman.     18.     Seabrook,  N.H.     Shoemaker.    30 
Jan.,  1864.     Salisbury. —  Salisbury.  —  Mustered  out. 


460  SECOND    MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

MONAHAN,  Mahan  (Malachi?).  21.  Providence,  R.I. 
Teamster.  20  April,  1864.  Providence,  R.I.  —  Boston. 

—  Deserted  19  June,  18G5. 

Mum,   James.      23.      ...      Clerk.      .  .  .      Quebec,    C.E. 

—  Chatham.  —  Detached  to   Headquarters    Military   De 
partment.     No  further  record. 

MURPHY,  Edward.     21.     Ireland.     Saddler.     7  July,  1864. 

Brooklyn,  N.Y.  —  South  Danvers.  —  Discharged  14  July, 

1865. 
MURPHY,  William.     21.     Philadelphia,  Penn.     Sailor.     28 

April,    1864.       Philadelphia.  —  Chelmsford.  —  Mustered 

out. 
O'MALLEY,   Charles.      25.     England.     Laborer.     12  Aug., 

1864.       Buffalo,   N.Y.  —  Chelsea. —  Deserted    11    Sept. 

1864. 
PATTERSON,  Robert.     21.     Nova  Scotia.     Clerk.    20  April, 

1864.  St.  John's,  N.B.  —  Aldington.  —  Corporal,  23  June, 

1865.  Mustered  out. 

PETERSON,  Otto.  21.  ...  Clerk.  3  Sept.,  1864.  Bos 
ton.  —  Sunderland.  —  Discharged  in  hospital  at  New  Al 
bany,  Ind.,  10  July,  1865. 

RILEY,  Thomas.  21.  England.  Shoemaker.  14  June, 
1864.  Chelsea.—  .  .  .  —Deserted  13  Aug.,  1864. 

RUBY,  Jacob  F.  35.  Germany.  Machinist.  23  May, 
1864.  Boston. —  Cohasset.  —  Discharged  in  hospital,  30 
May,  1865. 

STEVENS,  James.  22.  Lancashire,  England.  Blacksmith. 
.12  July,  1864.  Boston.  —  Salisbury.  —  Deserted  17  Aug., 
1864. 

THOMPSON,  Matthew.  26.  New  York.  Carpenter.  2  July, 
1864.  New  York.  —  Chatham.  —  Deserted  10  Aug., 
1864. 

TURNER,  Frank.  25.  Montreal,  C.E.  Laborer.  2  June, 
1864.  Frederick,  Md.  —  Southbridge.  —  Deserted  4  July, 
1864. 

TURNER,  George.  25.  ...  Painter.  21  May,  1864. 
Boston.  —  Maiden. — No  further  record. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN SECOND    TERM.  461 

TURNER,  Wellington  II.     21.     Dresden,  Me.     Farmer.     28 

May,  1864.    Dresden,  Me.  —  Lanesboro'.  —  Mustered  out. 
WADE,  William.      21.      Elmira,  N.Y.     Laborer.     29  April, 

1864.        Buffalo,    N.Y.  —  Carver.  —  Deserted    21  June, 

1865. 
WILLIAMS,  James.     25.     Nova  Scotia.     Seaman.      9  June, 

1864.     St.  John's,  N.B. —  Chelsea.  —  Corporal,  1   Nov., 

1864,  to   13  Nov.,   1864;    corporal  again,  27  Dec.,  1864. 

Absent  on  furlough,  and  discharged,  24  June,  1865. 
WILSON,   George.      19.      Hamilton,   C.W.      Boatman.     20 

July,  1864.     Columbia,  N.Y.  —  Northampton.  —  Deserted 

12  Nov.,  1864. 


COMPANY    H. 

VETERANS. 

CLARK,  John  F.  —  Mustered  out. 

CARRAHER,  Frank  L.  —  Corporal  and  color-corporal,  15  July, 
1864.  Mustered  out. 

DAMMERALL,  William  H.  — Corporal,  31  Dec.,  1863,  to  6 
Nov.,  1864;  again,  ...  to  28  June,  1865.  Mustered  out. 

Foss,  Phineas  H.  —  Hospital  attendant.  —  Mustered  out. 

GILLEY,  George. —  Company  musician.  —  Mustered  out. 

HANKY,  William.  —  Deserted  23  Feb.,  1864. 

HARRIS,  George.  —  Corporal.  —  Transferred  to  H,  15  July, 
1864,  from  K.  Sergeant,  15  July,  1864.  Mustered  out, 

JOHNSON,  Arthur.  —  Mustered  out. 

KEENAN,  Patrick.  —  Deserted  28  Oct.,  1864. 

McKiNSTREY,  Charles  O.  —  Corporal,  1  July,  1864;  ser 
geant,  5  June,  1865;  first  sergeant,  28  June,  1865.  Ap 
pointed  second  lieutenant,  3  July,  1865,  but  not  mustered 
in.  —  See  Commissioned  Officers.  Mustered  out. 

MOOERS,  Andrew  J.  —  Deserted  23  Feb.,  1864. 


462      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

MORSE,  George  W. —  Sergeant,  9  Jan.,  1864;  first  sergeant, 

1   Jan.,    1865;    first   lieutenant,    17   March,    1865.  —  See 

Commissioned   Officers. 
SMITH,   William.  —  Wounded  in  thigh,    15   May,    1864,   at 

Resaca.  —  Corporal,  5    June,    1865,  to    28    June,    1865. 

Mustered  out. 
WHITTEMORE,  Ezra  G.  —  Mustered  out. 


RECRUITS. 

BLACK,  Richard.     21.     New  York.    Sailor.    16  May,  1864. 

Boston.  —  Boston.  —  Deserted  12  Aug.,  1864. 
BURGEN,  John.     43.     France.     Glass-cutter.    9  June,  1864. 

Rowe. —  Salisbury.  —  Wronnded  in   arm,   14   Aug.,  1864, 

near  Atlanta.      In  hospital  at  Nashville  when  mustered 

out. 
CASWELL,  Mo?es.     19.     Halifax,  N.S.— Sailor.     21   July, 

1864.     Grafton.  —  Northampton.  —  Mustered  out. 
CLARY,  Hugh.     20.     Ireland.      Laborer.      14  June,  1864. 

Boston.  —  Dudley.  —  Mustered  out. 
Co  MPT  ON,  Joseph.      21.      Chester,   N.Y.     Brakeman.     11 

June,    1864.      Chester,   N.Y:—  Chelsea.  —  Deserted   30 

June,  1865. 
CORNEILLEE  (Cannalin?),  Herman.     19.     Finland.     Sailor. 

14  June,  1864.     Finland. —  Chelsea.  —  Mustered  out. 
CORNETT,  James   H.      28.      New  York.      Clerk.     6  May, 

1864.        New     York.  —  Chelsea.  —  "  Distinguished    for 

bravery,  30  July,  1864."     Absent  in  hospital  when  mus 
tered  out. 
ELLIKER,  Robert    (Albert?).      24.      Switzerland.      Baker. 

3  May,  1864.      Shelburne.  —  Boston.  —  Mustered  out. 
GONZENBA'CH,  Ferdinand.    19.     Germany.     Clerk.    14  June, 

1864.       Boston.  —  Northampton.  —  Prisoner,   November, 

1864,  to  January,  1865.     Mustered  out  22  July,  1865. 
HENSHAW,  John.     23.     Ireland.     Carpenter.     6  July,  1864. 

Ireland.  —  Lynn.  —  Deserted  7  Nov.,  1864. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN SECOND    TERM.  4G3 

HUNTLEY,  Loring.     21.     Liverpool,  England.     Seaman.     22 
June,  18G4.     Harrington,  Me.  —  Essex.  —  Died  26  Nov., 

1864. 
JONES,  John.     22.     Pittsfield,   Mass.     Butcher.      21   June, 

1864.     New  York.  —  Roxbury. — Mustered  out.  • 
LARKINS,   John.      20.      Jersey   City,  N.J.      Laborer.      10 

June,  1864.     New  York.  —  Chelsea.  —  Deserted  13  Nov., 

1864. 
LYNCH,  James.     26.     ...     Laborer.    11  Jan.,  1865.    New 

York.  —  Hatfreld.  —  Mustered  out. 
McNuLTY,  John.     33.     Ireland.     Mariner.      2  April,  1864. 

Boston.  —  West  Cambridge.  —  Mustered  out. 
MERTZ,  Jacob.     29.     Germany.     Laborer.     27  May,  1864. 

Jersey  City,  N.J.  —  Chelsea.  —  Deserted  15  July,  1864. 
METZKE,  Henry.     30.     Germany.     Soldier.     9  June,  1864. 

Prussia. —  Chelsea.  —  Deserted  3  Aug.,  1864. 
MILLER,  Charles.     24.     Germany.    Laborer.     7  June,  1864. 

German)'.  —  Northampton.  —  Deserted  13  July,  1864. 
MILLER,  John.      30.      Tyrone   County,  Ireland.      Laborer. 

24  May,  1864.     Boston.  —  Chelsea.  —  Absent  in  hospital, 

26  July,  1865,  when  mustered  out. 
MURPHY,  JOHN.      25.     Ireland.     Laborer.     20  July,  1864. 

Boston.  —  Chelsea.  —  Mustered  out. 
MURRAY,  James.      23.      Liverpool,   England.     Sailor.     20 

July,    1864.       England.  —  Northampton.  —  Deserted    30 

June,  1865. 
OFFINGER,   Paul.      33.     Wurtemburg,    Germany.     Painter. 

8    June,   1864.      Boston.  —  Northampton.  —  Deserted   30 

June,  1865. 
PAGE,  John.     30.     South  Berwick,  Me.     Shoemaker.      26 

June,  1864.     Salisbury. —  Salisbury.  —  Corporal,  5  June, 

1865.     Mustered  out. 
REGAN,  Patrick.      18.     New  York.      Teamster.     10  May, 

1864.     Boston.  —  Boston.  —  Mustered  out. 
ROBINSON,  John.     21.     Albany,  N.Y.     Farmer.     17  May, 

1864.    Springfield.  —  Ashfield.  —  Deserted  11  Nov.,  1864. 


464  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

ROBSON,  JOHN.      22.      St.  Louis,  Mo.     Steward.     8  July, 

1864.     New  York.  —  Lynn.  —  Discharged  14  July,  1865. 
SANDER,  William.     37.     ...    Cigar-maker.    10  Oct.,  1864. 

Boston.  —  Bridge  water.  —  Discharged  by  order  of  War 

Department. 
SHORT,  James.     20.    Hartford,  Ct.    Laborer.    9  July,  1864. 

Albany,  N.Y. —  Wellfleet.  —  Deserted  30  June,  1865. 
SMITH,   Alonzo.     21.     Canada.     Butcher.     12   May,    1864. 

Canada.  —  Boston.  —  Deserted  30  June,  1865. 
SMITH,   Knox.      34.      Ireland.     Laborer.     26   April,   1864. 

Fall  River.  —  Roxbury.  — Mustered  out. 
STEWART,  John.    22.    Pittsburgh,  Penn.    Boatman.    14  May, 

1864.     Pittsburgh,  Penn.  —  Dorchester.  —  Mustered  out. 


COMPANY    I. 

VETERANS. 

BAIRD,  William.  —  Adjutant's  clerk.  —  Mustered  out. 

•BUTLER,  Aaron.  —  Taken  prisoner  in  the  North-Carolina 
campaign.  In  hospital,  26  July,  1865,  when  mustered  out. 

CRONIN,  Patrick. — Wounded,  15  May,  1864,  at  Resaca,  and 
died  in  consequence,  16  May. 

EATON,  Minot  II.  —  Quartermaster's  clerk,  January,  1865. 
Mustered  out. 

ELLSWORTH,  Andrew  B.  —  Acting  quartermaster-sergeant, 
January,  1865.  Mustered  out  26  July,  1865. 

FLYNN,  Patrick.  —  Company  musician.  —  Mustered  out. 

HANNING,  James.  —  Corporal.  —  Sergeant,  1  July,  1864; 
first  sergeant,  10  Aug.,  1864.  Wounded,  slightly,  16 
March,  1865,  at  Averysborough.  First  lieutenant,  17 
March,  1865.  —  See  Commissioned  Officers. 

HUTCHINSON,  James.  —  Wounded  in  shoulder,  severely,  1 6 
March,  1865,  at  Averysborough.  In  hospital  at  Worces 
ter,  Mass.,  28  July,  1865,  when  mustered  out. 


THE  ENLISTED  MEN — SECOND  TERM.     465 

LENNON,  Thomas  H.  —  Killed  in  action,  30  July,  1864,  in 
front  of  Atlanta. 

MCCAFFREY,  Cornelius. —  Discharged  for  disability,  25  Jan., 
1865. 

MOORE,  Thomas.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  . .  April,  1864. 

WHEELER,  Austin  E.  —  Corporal,  15  July,  1864;  sergeant, 
5  June,  1865  ;  first  sergeant,  1  July,  1865.  Taken  pris 
oner,  29  Aug.,  1864,  near  Atlanta.  Mustered  out. 

WIGGIN,  John.  —  Taken  prisoner  in  the  North- Carolina  cam 
paign.  Discharged  30  June,  1865. 

WILSON,  Francis.  —  Corporal,  28  June,  1864;  sergeant,  15 
July,  1864.  Killed  in  action,  16  March,  1865,  at  Averys- 
borough,  N.C. 

RECRUITS. 

ALLEN,  Henry  T.  22.  St.  John's,  N.S.  Seaman.  23  June, 
1864.  New  York.  —  Shelburne.  —  Corporal,  25  June, 
1865. 

BAKER,  John  M.  26.  Germany.  Tailor.  8  Aug.,  1864. 
New  York.  —  Chelmsford.  —  Absent  sick.  No  further 
record. 

BENNET,  Chester.  19.  Rhode  Island.  Laborer.  7  July, 
1864.  Foster,  K.I.  —  Chester.  —  Discharged  10  July, 
1865. 

BENSON,  George.  22.  Ireland.  Miller.  8  June,  1864. 
Boston.  —  Northampton.  —  Wounded  on  picket,  1  Aug., 
1864,  and  died  in  consequence,  16  Aug.,  1864. 

BRANDT,  Ernest.  21.  ...  Mechanic.  13  Jan.,  1864. 
Boston.  —  Fitchburg.  —  Acknowledged  in  report,  May, 
1865  ;  no  further  record. 

BROWNING,  Daniel  H.  C.  27.  Warwick,  R.I.  —  Wool- 
sorter.  27  June,  1864.  Warwick,  R.I. — Holyoke. — 
Discharged  by  order  of  War  Department,  30  May,  1865. 

CAMPBELL,  Charles.  22.  ...  Engineer.  9  July,  1864. 
New  York.  —  Salisbury. — -In  hospital,  July,  1865. 


466      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTEY. 

CLARK,  John.      22.      Rondout,   N.Y.     Boatman.     9  June, 

1864.      Rondout,  N.Y. —  Spencer. — Deserted   14   Aug., 

1864. 
CLINTON,  Joseph.     22.     Burlington,  Vt.     Laborer.     7  May, 

1864.     Burlington.  —  Lancaster.  —  In  hospital  at  Evans- 

ville  at  date  of  muster  out. 
CUNNINGHAM,  James.      20 8  Sept.,   1864. 

Philadelphia,  Penn.  —  Lowell.  —  Deserted  23  June,  1865. 
DOHERTY,  John.     21.     Ireland.     Laborer.     23  July,  1864. 

New  Albany,  N.Y.  —  Chelsea.  —  Deserted  7  Aug.,  1864. 
EBERHARDT,  John.     24.      ...      Clerk.      28   Aug.,   1864. 

Northampton.  —  Northampton.  —  Mustered  out. 
FINLEY,  Luke.      21.      Ireland.      Laborer.      5  May,    1864. 

New  York. —  Pembroke.  —  Deserted  25  June,   1865. 
GROSS   (Grass?),   Henry.      20.      Germany.      Laborer.     16 

July,  1864.     Boston.  —  Boston.  —  Absent  in  hospital,  30 

May,  1865,  when  mustered  out. 
HANVIN,  Henry.     24.     Hartford,  Ct.     Laborer.      18   May, 

1864.     West  Roxbury.  —  Webster.  —  Deserted,  in   1864, 

from  hospital. 
HENRY,  Patrick.     20.     Albany,  N.Y.     Laborer.     10  June, 

1864.  —  New  York.  —  Chelsea.  —  Deserted  24  June,  1865. 
JOHNSON,  Lewis.      19.      New   York.     Carman.     30   April, 

1864.    New  York.  —  Athol.  —  Wounded  in  head,  seriously, 

16  March,  1865,  at  Averysborough ;  discharged  in  conse 
quence,  29  June,  1865. 
JONES,   Thomas.     35.     London,   Eng.      Laborer.      9  June, 

1864.     Florida.  —  Chelsea.  —  Deserted  15  July,  1864. 
KIRCHOFF,    Rudolf.      23.       Germany.      Mason.       5    Aug., 

1864.     New  York.  —  Berkley.  —  Mustered  out. 
LAWRENCE,  Jairus.     21.     Bellingham,  Mass.      Bootmaker. 

23   Feb.,   1864.      Bellingham.  —  Bellingham.  —  Died,   6 

March,  1865,  at  David's  Island,  N.Y. 
LEAHY,  Daniel.    25 9  Jan.,  1865.    Boston. — 

.  .  .  — Deserted  11  June,  1865. 
MAHONEY,   John.      18.       Cork,    Ireland.      Teamster.      10 

March,  1864.      Boston.  —  Boston.  —  Mustered  out. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN" SECOND    TERM.  467 

MALLEN,   John.      18.     Canada.     Farmer.     23  June,   1864. 

Dover,  N.H.  —  Leicester.  —  Mustered  out, 
MARTIN    (Masters?),    George.      23.      New  Durham,  N.H. 

Farmer.     18  May,  1864.     ...  —  ...  — Mustered  out. 
MARTIN,  James.     20.     Ireland.      Laborer.      8   July,   1864. 

Albany,  N.Y.  —  South   Danvers.  —  In  hospital,   27   May, 

1865,  when  discharged  for  disability. 
MOORE,  Thomas.     22.     Ireland.     Moulder.     22  July,  1864. 

York,  Perm.  —  Chelsea.  —  Deserted  7  Aug.,  1864. 
MULLEN,  William.     32.     Saratoga,  N.Y.     Laborer.    8  July, 

1864.     Boston.  —  Salisbury.  —  Mustered  out. 
NORMAN,  John.      24.      Oyster  Bay,   N.Y.     Boatman.     30 

April,  1864.     Oyster  Bay,  N.Y.  —  Boston.  —  Deserted  11 

Aug.,  1864. 
O'BRIEN,  Henry.     20.     Ireland.     Plumber.     6  July,  1864. 

New  York.  —  Lynn. —  Deserted  25  June,  1865. 
PIERCE,  George  W.     28.     New  Bedford,  Mass.     Sailor.     4 

June,   1864.     Charlestown. —  South    Hadley.  —  Corporal, 

7  Nov.,  1864.     Discharged  in  hospital,  25  May,  1865. 
RILEY,  James.     21.     New  York.     Butcher.     18  June,  1864. 

New  York.  —  Princeton.  —  Prisoner  in  the  North-Carolina 

campaign.     Mustered  out. 
RINE,   Richard.      20.      Philadelphia,   Penn.      Butcher.     27 

May,   1864.     Philadelphia,    Penn.  —  Lee.  —  Deserted   23 

Aug.,  1864. 
Ross,   Lewis.      26.      Germany.      Waiter.     19   July,   1864. 

North  Andover.  —  North  Andover.  —  Absent  on  furlough, 

25  July,  1865,  when  mustered  out. 
RYAN,   William.      24.      Boston,  Mass.      Sailor.      30  June, 

1864.      Boston.  —  Holyoke.  —  Deserted  13  Aug.,  1864. 
SPERY,  Thomas  B.     22.     ...     Farmer.      17  Feb.,   1865. 

Berlin,  Ct.  —  Springfield.  —  Discharged  by  order  of  War 

Department,  16  June,  1865. 
THOMPSON,  William.     22.     Springfield,  Mass.     Farmer.     1 

July,   1864.     Springfield.  —  Maiden.  —  Deserted   7   Aug., 

1864. 


468     .         SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

TOOMEY,  Joseph.      21.      ...      Teamster.     19   Oct.,  1864. 

Westfield.  —  Bridgewater.  —  Mustered  out. 
TURNER,   George.      26.      ...      Boatman.     14  Dec.,  1864. 

Phvtsburg,  Penn.  —  New  Marlboro'.  —  Deserted  22  June, 

1865. 
WARREN,   Eugene  T.      21.      Saco,  Maine.      Whaler.      26 

May,    1864.      Biddeford,  Me.  — Dudley. —  Deserted    11 

Aug.,  1864. 
WELCOME,  Levi.     21.     Canada.     Laborer.     12  May,  1864. 

Boston. —  .  .  .  — Mustered  out. 
WILSON,  George.     20.     Canada.     Laborer.     10  May,  1864. 

Brockville,   C.W.  —  Chelsea.  —  Corporal,   10  Aug.,  1864. 

Prisoner,    27    Aug.,    1864.      Died,    12    March,   1865,   at 

Wilmington,  N.C. 
ZOPFIE,    Frederick.       21.       Switzerland.      Rope-maker.     3 

May,  1864.     Shelburne  — -  Boston.  —  Died  of  chronic  diar 
rhea,  29  Aug.,  1864,  near  Atlanta. 


COMPANY    K.      • 

VETERANS. 

BISHOP,  Milton.  — Mustered  out. 

CLARK,  Joseph  C.  —  Mustered  out. 

CLARK,  William  W.  —  Transferred,  on  re-enlisting,  from  B. 
Mustered  out. 

CLARY,  Daniel.  —  Sergeant.  —  Discharged  for  disability,  6 
Oct.,  1864. 

DANIELS,  William.  —  Mustered  out. 

ELDER,  John.  —  Mustered  out. 

ELLSWORTH,  Thomas  F.  —  Corporal.  —  Discharged,  19  Jan., 
1864,  on  receiving  commission  of  second  lieutenant  in  the 
Fifty-fifth  Massachusetts,  dated  24  Oct.,  1863.  He  be 
came  first  lieutenant,  20  June,  1864;  captain,  1  Dec., 
1864. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN SECOND    TERM.  469 

HARRIS,  George.  —  Corporal,  2  June,  1864.  Transferee!,  15 
July,  1864,  to  H,  which  see. 

LORD,  Caleb  H.  —  First  sergeant.  —  Mortally  wounded,  19 
June,  1864,  near  Kenesaw;  died  29  June.  Had  been 
appointed  first  lieutenant,  24  May,  1864,  but  the  commis 
sion  had  not  reached  him.  —  See  Commissioned  Officers. 

MCDONALD,  John.  —  Mustered  out. 

MclNTOSH,  Augustus.  —  Corporal.  —  Wounded  in  head,  seri 
ously,  16  March,  1865,  at  Averysborough ;  in  hospital,  27 
July,  1865,  when  mustered  out. 

MINER,  Addison  G.  —  Mustered  out, 

MULLER,  John  F. —  Corporal,  15  July,  1864.  Mustered 
out  26  July,  1865. 

MUNROE,  John.  —  Company  musician.  —  Mustered  out. 

PEELER,  David  L.  —  Corporal. —  Sergeant,  1  July,  1864. 
Mustered  out. 

PERKINS,  Lafayette. — Corporal,  1  July,  1864.  In  hos 
pital,  17  June,  1865,  when  discharged. 

PRATT,  John  A.  —  Company  musician.  —Mustered  out. 

RIVERS,  Lewis.  —  Color-corporal.  —  Corporal,  23  April, 
1865,  to  1  July,  1865.  Mustered  out. 

ROBINSON,  Delano.  —  Discharged  in  hospital,  14  July,  1865. 

SNOOK,  John  F.  —  Mustered  out. 

SPRINGER,  William  A. —  Wounded  in  thigh,  15  May,  1864, 
at  Resaca.  Transferred  to  Veteran  Reserve  Corps  in 
April,  1865. 

TENNEY,  Albert.  —  Transferred,  on  re-enlisting,  to  C,  which 
see. 

TULLY,  Prescott  W.  —  Mustered  out. 

TYE,  James. —  Died  of  pneumonia,  23  March,  1864,  at  Tul- 
lahoma,  Term 

VANCE,  Lorin  A.  —  Mustered  out. 

VOLL,  Andrew.  —  Sergeant,  —  First  sergeant,  1  July,  1864. 
Appointed  second  lieutenant,  3  July,  1865,  but  not  mus 
tered  in.  —  See  Commissioned  Officers.  Mustered  out. 

WEBBER,  George  H. — Transferred,  on  re-enlisting,  to  D, 
which  see. 


470      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

WEBER,    Frederick.  —  Taken   prisoner  in    the   North-Caro 
lina  campaign.     Mustered  out. 
WELCH,  Thomas.  —  Mustered  out. 

RECRUITS. 

BOHS,  Bernhard.     21.     Germany.     Painter.     6  July,  1864. 

Boston.  —  Chelsea. —  Transferred  from  D.   Sick  in  hospital, 

6  Sept.,  1864,  and  until  mustered  out,  26  July,  1865. 
BRADY,  James.      20.      Ireland.      Laborer.      6  June,   1864. 

Brooklyn,  N.Y.  —  Northampton.  —  Deserted  2  July,  1864. 
BREDSHTA,  William.      26.       Switzerland.      Shoemaker.     6 

June,  1864.     France. —  Kingston.  —  Mustered  out. 
BROOKINGS,  Charles  S.     23.     ...     Painter.    5  Feb.,  1864. 

Winchester.  —  Winchester.  —  Mustered  out. 
CRAVEN,  John.     21.     Ireland.     Sailor.     7  July,  1864.    Ire 
land.  —  Winchendon.  —  Died  of  brain  fever,  9  Sept.,  1864. 
DAVIS,  James.     21.     ...     Printer.     25  May,  1864.      Bos 
ton.  —  Templeton.  —  No  further  record. 
DAVIS,    William.      36.      ...      Laborer.      25   May,   1864. 

Springfield.  —  Dudley.  —  Deserted  21  June,  1865. 
HALL,  Thomas.      24.     Manchester,  England.     Bookkeeper. 

6  July,  1864.      New  York. —  Lynn.  —  Deserted  31  June, 

1864. 
HORN,  William  F.     27.    Germany.     Cigar-maker.    20  July, 

1864.   New  York.  —  North  Andover.  —  Deserted  1 1  Aug., 

1864. 
LKVERING,  Silas.     33.     Montreal,  C.E.     Laborer.      6  July, 

1864.     Canada.  —  Amesbury.  —  Deserted  13  Aug.,  1864. 
LUDESCHER,  Louis.     37.     Austria.     Farmer.    4  May,  1864. 

New  York.  — Pembroke.  — Died  10  April,  1865. 
MCCARTHY,  John.     21.     Ireland.     Farmer.     8  June,  1864. 

Boston.  —  Boylston. —  Deserted  30  Aug.,  1864;  arrested 

2  Sept.,  1864.     In  confinement. 
MILES,   John  F.     ...  — Transferred  from   C;  no  further 

record. 


THE    ENLISTED    MEN SECOND    TERM.  471 

MILLER,  John.  21.  Switzerland.  Laborer.  13  June, 
1864.  France.  —  Chelsea.  —  Mustered  out. 

MINER,  Roswell  E.  18.  Lee,  Mass.  Farmer.  26  Jan., 
1864.  Egreraont.  —  Egremont.  —  Mustered  out. 

QUIXN,  John.  23.  Ireland.  Boiler-maker.  3  June,  1864. 
Clifton,  C.W.  —  Chelsea.  —  Prisoner,  5  Dec.,  1864.  Ab 
sent  sick,  26  July,  1865,  when  mustered  out 

QUINN,  Thomas —  «  Recruit  received  "  (July, 

1864).  No  further  record. 

SMITH,  Peter.  34.  Germany.  Cook.  23  July,  1864. 
Philadelphia,  Penn.  —  Chelsea.  —  In  hospital  since  10 
Aug.,  1864. 

VOLMER,  Frederick.  32.  Germany.  Farmer,  4  May, 
1864.  Boston. —  .  .  .  — Mustered  out. 

WAGNER,  John.  33.  Germany.  Steward.  23  July,  1864. 
New  York. —  Chelsea.  —  Deserted  11  Aug.,  1864. 

WILHELM,  Eugene,  25.  Prussia.  Merchant.  16  May, 
x  1864.  Boston.  —  Chelsea.  —  Mustered  out. 

WILLIAMS,  John.  31.  Canada.  Apothecary.  6  July, 
1864.  Brockville,  C.W.  —  Lynn.  —  Discharged  for  disa 
bility,  3  March,  1865. 


THE    NON-COMMISSIONED    STAFF. 


S  E  R  G  E  A  N  T-M  A  J  0  R. 

BLAKE,  George  W.  39.  Bradford,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  25  May,  1861. 
Boston.  —  A  soldier  in  the  United-States  Army,  serving  in  the 
Florida  and  Mexican  wars  ;  in  Florida,  Second  United-States  Dra 
goons  ;  in  Mexico,  cavalry  and  artillery.  Sergeant-major,  25  May, 
1861.  Discharged  for  disability,  on  surgeon's  certificate,  8  May, 
1862. 

MANN,  Albert  W.  —  From  E,  which  see.  Sergeant-major,  10  May, 
1862 ;  second  lieutenant,  31  March,  1883.  —  See  Commissioned  Offi 
cers. 

RICHARDSON,  Moses  P.  —  From  G,  which  see.  Sergeant-major,  17 
July,  1863.  Re-enlisted  31  Dec.,  1863.  Appointed  second  lieuten 
ant  in  Fifty -fifth  Massachusetts,  9  June,  1864,  but  declined.  First 
lieutenant,  to  date  from  24  May,  1864.  —  See  Commissioned  Officers. 

MILES,  William  H.  —  From  A,  second  term,  which  see.  Sergeant- 
major,  15  July,  1864 ;  first  lieutenant,  15  April,  1865.  —  See  Com 
missioned  Officers. 

THURSTON,  Thomas  B. — From  D,  second  term,  which  see.  Sergeant- 
major,  1  July,  1865;  second  lieutenant,  3  July,  1865,  but  not 
mustered  in.  —  See  Commissioned  Officers.  Clustered  out  as  sergeant- 
major,  26  July,  1865. 

QUARTERMASTER-SERGEANT. 
AYER,  Henry  H.    42.     ...     Cabinet-maker.     25  May,  1861.     Med- 

field.  —  Acting  quartermaster-sergeant,  25  May,  1861.    Discharged, 

1  July,  1861. 
FLETCHER,  James  H 1861.     Of  K.     Boston. — 

(Quartermaster-sergeant,  1  July,  1861,  to  Oct.,  1861.   Re-assigned  to 

Company  K,  Dec.,  1861,  which  see. 


THE    NOX— COMMISSIONED    STAFF.  473 

BROWNING,  George  F.  — From  C,  which  see.  Quartermaster-sergeant, 
9  Oct.,  1861;  second  lieutenant,  11  Feb.,  1862.  —  See  Commissioned 
Officers. 

BINNEY,  George  L.  — From  H,  which  see.  Was  quartermaster's  clerk 
from  11  May,  1861  ;  quartermaster-sergeant,  15  March,  1862  ; 
second  lieutenant,  10  Aug.,  1862.  —  See  Commissioned  Officers. 

STOCKBRIDGE,  Lebbeus.  —  From  K,  which  see.  Master-wagoner  from 
3  July,  1861 :  quartermaster-sergeant,  1  Nov.,  1862,  to  1  April,  1863, 
when  absent  in  long-continued  sickness.  —  See  K  again. 

EMERSON,  Asa  W. — From  C,  which  see.  Quartermaster-sergeant, 
1  April,  1863.  Re-enlisted.  First  lieutenant,  3  July,  1865,  but  not 
mustered  in.  —  See  Commissioned  Officers.  Mustered  out  as  quarter 
master-sergeant,  26  July,  1865. 

COMMISSARY-SERGEANT. 

CARLL,  Erastus  B.  30.  Unity,  Me.  Manufacturer.  11  May,  1861. 
Boston.  —  A  soldier  in  the  Fourth  United-States  Artillery,  1850-55. 
Commissary-sergeant,  May,  1861 ;  second  lieutenant,  23  Oct.,  1862. 
—  See  Commissioned  Officers. 

HOWES,  Edwin  A. — From  F,  which  see.  Commissary-sergeant,  8 
Dec.,  1862.  Re-enlisted.  First  lieutenant,  24  May,  1864.  — See 
Commissioned  Officers. 

CASEY,  David. — From  Company  C,  second  term,  which  see.  Com 
missary-sergeant,  "  for  long  and  meritorious  services,"  1  July,  1864 ; 
second  lieutenant,  3  July,  1865,  but  not  mustered  in.  —  See  Com 
missioned  Officers.  Mustered  out  as  commissary-sergeant,  26  July, 
1865. 

HOSPITAL   STEWARD. 

NUTTING,  Joseph  W.  29  ...  Chemist.  25  May,  1861.  Boston.— 
Hospital  steward,  25  May,  1861.  Died  of  consumption,  14  Jan., 
1863,  at  Quincy,  Mass.,  while  on  furlough. 

ROOT,  Warner  A.  —  From  G,  which  see.  Hospital  steward,  16  Feb., 
1863.  Re-enlisted.  Transferred  to  Regular  Army  as  hospital  stew 
ard,  31  March,  1865. 

KINSMAN,  Frederick  G.  —  From  D,  second  term,  which  see.  Hospital 
attendant  from  27  Nov.,  1861 ;  hospital  steward,  1  July,  1865.  Mus 
tered  out  as  such,  26  July,  1865. 

PRINCIPAL   MUSICIANS. 

KESSELHUTH,  Henry.  28.  Brunswick,  Germany.  Musician.  25 
May,  1861.  Boston.  —  Had  served  in  the  Brunswick  army  in  the 
war  of  1848.  Drum-major,  25  May,  1861.  Discharged,  with  regi 
mental  band,  16  Aug.,  1862. 


474      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

SPIEGEL,  Charles.  35.  Berlin,  Prussia.  Musician.  25  May,  1861. 
Maiden.  —  Band-leader,  25  May,  1861.  Discharged,  with  regi 
mental  band,  16  Aug.,  1862. 

CAKLL,  Alonzo  W.  —  From  A,  which  see.  Company  musician  in  A, 
from  11  May,  1861 ;  principal  musician,  1  July,  1863.  Mustered 
out  as  such,  26  July,  1865. 


II. 

COMMISSIONED   OFFICERS. 


GEORGE  HENRY  GORDON,  son  of  Robert  and  Elizabeth  S.  (Carlisle) 
Gordon,  was  born  in  Charlestown,  Mass.,  19  July,  1824.  Was  at 
school  at  Framingham  Academy ;  appointed  to  West  Point  in  1842, 
and  graduated  in  1846.  Brevet  second  lieutenant,  1  July,  1846,  in  the 
Mounted  Rifles  (Colonel  Persifor  F.  Smith),  and  immediately  sent  to 
Mexico.  Was  engaged  in  all  the  battles  of  General  Scott,  from  Vera 
Cruz  to  the  capital.  Wounded  at  Cerro  Gordo,  and  brevetted  first 
lieutenant,  18  April,  1847,  "  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  in  that 
action."  Was  severely  wounded,  after  the  fall  of  the  city,  near  Vera 
Cruz.  After  recovery,  he  joined  his  regiment  in"  Oregon,  where  it 
protected  the  settlers  against  the  hostile  Indians,  and  after  one  year  it 
was  sent  to  the  frontier  States,  near  the  Mississippi ;  there,  and  on  the 
prairies  and  at  the  Rocky  Mountains,  he  served  until  1853,  when  he 
was  transferred  to  the  Coast  Survey,  where  he  served  a  year.  *  First 
lieutenant  in  August,  1853 ;  resigned  31  Oct.,  1864.  Studied  law  at 
Cambridge  Law  School,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1857. 

His  assistance  in  preparing  the  three-months  troops  has  been  de 
scribed  ;  and  his  work  in  raising,  organizing,  and  leading  the  Second 
Massachusetts  Infantry,  of  which  he  was  commissioned  colonel,  24 
May,  1861.  He  was  recommended,  unanimously,  by  the  Massachu 
setts  delegation  in  Congress,  in  August,  1861,  for  appointment  as  brig 
adier  ;  but  did  not  receive  it  until  he  had  compelled  it  by  his  energetic 
and  skilful  service  in  Banks's  retreat,  where  he  commanded  a  brigade, 
as  he  had  for  most  of  his  term  of  service.  He  commanded  the  Third 
Brigade,  First  Division,  Twelfth  Corps,  at  Cedar  Mountain,  Pope's 
retreat,  and  Antietam.  Early  in  1863,  his  health  failed.  Partially 
recovering,  he  was  placed  in  command  of  a  division,  and  participated 


476      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

in  the  siege  of  Suffolk,  and  the  movements,  under  General  Dix,  towards 
Richmond ;  and  afterwards,  with  his  division,  in  the  Army  of  the  Po 
tomac,  in  pursuit  of  Lee.  Ordered  (with  his  division)  to  join  General 
Gilmore,  he  served  at  Folly  Island  and  vicinity.  In  July,  1864,  was  sent 
to  the  Gulf,  and  was  engaged  on  the  Mississippi  in  keeping  open  com 
munications  with  General  Steele,  in  Arkansas ;  and  afterwards  under 
General  Granger,  near  Mobile,  in  connection  with  Farragut.  Near  the 
close  of  1864,  he  was  selected  by  General  Grant,  "  knowing,"  wrote 
that  general,  "  that  no  persuasion  could  make  him  swerve  from  duty," 
to  command  the  district  of  East  Virginia.  He  continued  in  that  position 
—  headquarters  at  Norfolk  —  until  relieved,  in  1865,  in  consequence  of 
ill-health.  Brevet  major-general,  9  April,  1865 ;  and  mustered  out, 
24  April,  1865.  He  was  appointed,  in  1866,  United-States  Marshal  for 
Massachusetts.  The  history  of  the  Second  is  a  sufficient  and  enduring 
sketch  of  his  military  abilities. 

General  Gordon  was  married,  16  June,  1864,  to  Miss  Mary  Eliza 
beth,  daughter  of  the  late  Benjamin  H.  Scott. 

GEORGE  LEONARD  ANDREWS,  son  of  Manasseh  and  Harriet  (Leon 
ard)  Andrews,  was  born  in  Bridgewater,  Mass.,  31  Aug.,  1828.  Edu 
cated  in  common  and  high  schools,  and  graduated,  in  1846,  at  the  State 
Normal  School,  at  Bridgewater,  then  under  the  care  of  Nicholas  Til- 
linghast,  a  graduate  of  West  Point.  Being  appointed  to  West  Point,  he 
graduated  in  1851,  at  the  head  of  his  class ;  brevetted  second  lieutenant, 
Engineer  Corps,  1  July,  1851.  He  was  assigned  to  duty  as  assistant 
to  Colonel  Thayer,  then  in  charge  of  the  construction  of  Fort  Warren, 
in  Boston  Harbor,  where  he  remained  three  years.  In  August,  1854, 
he  was  ordered  to  West  Point,  as  acting  Assistant  Professor  in  the  De 
partment  of  Civil  and  Military  Engineering,  the  Science  of  War,  &c. 
The  then  small  pay  of  an  officer  was  insufficient  to  support  a  family, 
and  Ire  resigned,  1  Sept.,  1855,  to  enter  the  service  of  the  Amoskeag 
Manufacturing  Company,  N.H.,  as  engineer,  where  he  remained  until 
1857.  He  then  became  employed  by  the  Government  as  a  civil  en 
gineer.  In  1860,  and  to  the  opening  of  the  war,  he  was  connected 
with  a  large  business  house  in  Boston. 

He  was  tendered,  on  the  appearance  of  hostilities,  a  position  as  col 
onel  of  one  of  the  Massachusetts  regiments,  and  also  (from  Washing 
ton)  the  place  of  paymaster,  but  preferred  to  accept  the  commission  of 
lieutenant-colonel  (24  May,  1861)  of  the  Second.  His  influence  in  shap 
ing  the  regiment,  and  his  wrork  as  commander,  are  already  described 
in  this  book.  He  commanded  the  regiment  in  Bank's  retreat,  Cedar 
Mountain,  Pope's  campaign,  and  Antietam.  Appointed  brigadier- 
general,  9  Nov.,  1862,  and  assigned  to  duty  with  General  Banks,  then 
preparing  for  New  Orleans,  in  which  work  he  rendered  good  service. 


COMMISSIONED    OFFICERS.  477 

Was  chief-of-staff  to  General  Banks  for  some  period ;  and  was,  after 
the  reduction  of  Port  Hudson,  assigned  to  the  organization  and  com 
mand  of  the  Corps  d'Afrique,  in  which  position  his  abilities  were  of 
great  value.  He  served  in  that  department  or  vicinity  until  the  close 
of  the  war.  Was  brevetted  major-general,  26  March,  1865 ;  and  was 
honorably  discharged,  24  Aug.,  1865. 

He  was  married,  21  Dec.,  1853,  to  Sara  Bridge  Fisk.  Children: 
Helen  Bridge,  born  27  Sept.,  1854;  Percy,  born  23  Jan.,  1857;  Arthur 
Dearborn,  born  16  Mayj  1860. 

WILDER  D WIGHT,  son  of  William  and  Elizabeth  A.  (White) 
Dwight,  was  born  in  Springfield,  Mass.,  23  April,  1833.  Fitted  for 
college  at  Phillips  Academy,  Exeter,  N.H. ;  and  graduated  at  Harvard 
College,  with  high  rank,  in  1853.  Entered  the  Law  School  the  same 
year ;  but  went  to  Europe  in  1855,  where  he  remained  fifteen  months. 
He  read  law  in  the  offices  of  Caleb  Cushing,  Ebenezer  II.  Hoar,  and 
Horace  Gray,  jun. ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1856,  and  began  prac 
tice  in  1858.  "  After  more  than  a  score  of  years  spent  in  courts,"  says 
Hon.  J.  G.  Abbott,  "almost  living  in  them,  ...  I  can  only  say,  without 
being  invidious  to  my  friends  around  me,  I  never  knew  so  young  a 
person,  in  the  whole  of  my  acquaintance,  or  in  the  whole  length  or 
breadth  of  the  Commonwealth,  whose  future  had  more  promise  than 
the  future  of  Colonel  Dwight."  On  the  approach  of  war,  he  resigned 
all  his  prospects.  Early  deliberating  upon  the  best  means  of  forming  a 
regiment,  his  plans  fell  in  with  those  of  Colonel  Gordon.  His  success  in 
raising  the  regimental  fund,  his  errand  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  and 
his  efficiency  in  the  formation  of  the  regiment,  have  been  described  in 
earlier  pages.  He  was  appointed  major,  24  May,  1861 ;  lieutenant- 
colonel,  13  June,  1862.  He  commanded  the  rear-guard  in  the  various 
skirmishes  of  the  24th  of  May,  1862.  "  Our  major,"  wrote  an  officer, 
"  has  won  for  himself  the  heartfelt  admiration  of  the  regiment.  His 
indomitable  pluck  and  sangfroid  were  beautiful."  In  passing  through 
Winchester,  he  became  a  prisoner,  while  advancing  to  assist  a  woun 
ded  soldier;  but  was  soon  paroled.  He  rejoined  the  regiment  near 
Damascus,  on  the  march  to  Antietam.  He  fell  at  Antietam,  and  died 
on  the  19th  of  September,  1862.  While  mortally  wounded,  opening 
his  eyes  after  a  period  of  exhaustion,  and  finding  the  chaplain  bending 
over  him,  he  said,  "  It  is  all  right,  Mr.  Chaplain,  I  know  I  am  done  for ; 
but  I  want  you  to  understand  I  don't  flinch  a  hair.  I  should  like  to  live 
a  iew  days,  so  as  to  see  my  father  and  mother.  .  .  .  But  apart  from 
that,  if  God  calls  for  me  this  minute,  I  am  ready  to  go." 

His  genial  qualities,  care  of  the  men,  coolness,  endurance,  and 
eminent  ability,  had  won,  equally,  respect  and  affection. 

He  was  buried  in  Brookline,  six  companies  of  the  Massachusetts 
Forty-fourth  doing  escort  duty. 


478      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

On  the  24th  of  September,  the  members  of  the  Suffolk  Bar  assem 
bled  in  large  numbers,  on  a  call  from  Sydney  Bartlett,  Benjamin  R. 
Curtis,  Josiah  G.  Abbott,  and  Richard  H.  Dana,  jun.,  who  were  ad 
dressed  by  Mr.  Abbott,  Josiah  Quincy,  jun.,  Mr.  Dana,  F.  E.  Parker, 
and  Horace  Gray,  jun.,  and  adopted  resolutions,  which  were  presented 
at  the  October  term  of  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court,  Mr.  Justice  Hoar 
presiding,  by  Hon.  J.  G.  Abbott,  who  introduced  his  motion  to  enter 
them  on  the  records,  with  appropriate  remarks. 

The  proceedings  of  the  Bar,  and  at  the  term  of  Court,  were  pri 
vately  printed.  A  sketch  of  his  life  appears  in  the  "  Harvard  Memo 
rial,"  i.  271-293. 

Lucius  MANLIUS  SARGENT,  son  of  Lucius  M.  and  Sarah  C.  (daugh 
ter  of  Samuel  Dunn),  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  15  Sept.,  1826. 
In  1844,  he  entered  Harvard  College,  but  ended  his  connection  in  the 
second  year.  He  received,  however,  the  degree  of  A.M.  with  his 
class.  Studying  medicine,  he  graduated  at  the  Harvard  Medical 
School,  in  1857.  As  a  physician  and  surgeon,  he  was  a  man  of  rare 
promise. 

On  the  breaking  out  of  the  rebellion,  he  promptly  offered  his  ser 
vices  as  surgeon  of  the  Second,  and  was  appointed  28  May,  1861. 
His  faithfulness  and  success  will  long  be  remembered  by  the  men  of 
the  regiment.  He  was  offered  the  place  of  brigade-surgeon ;  but 
resigned  his  medical  commission,  and  accepted,  31  Oct.,  1861,  that  of 
captain  in  the  First  Massachusetts  Cavalry,  under  Colonel  Robert 
Williams.  Long  before  he  became  a  field-officer,  it  was  said  that  "  no 
more  thoroughly  exact  soldier,  in  the  theory  of  regimental  cavalry 
tactics  and  evolutions,  existed  out  of  the  French  service."  In  recon- 
noissance,  the  lamented  General  Stevens  esteemed  him  as  of  the  first 
among  volunteers. 

He  was  promoted  major,  2  Jan.,  1864 ;  lieutenant-colonel,  30  Sept., 
1864.  Was  severely  wounded,  near  the  region  of  the  heart,  at  Aldie, 
17  June,  1863,  and  left  for  dead  upon  the  field.  But  he  returned  to 
service  after  a  few  weeks'  absence,  with  his  wound  unhealed.  At 
Bellfield,  Va.,  9  Dec.,  1864,  "  in  a  most  gallant  charge,  contributing  in 
an  eminent  degree  to  the  success  of  the  late  movement,"  says  General 
Davies,  he  fell  in  front  of  his  column,  "  sword  in  hand,"  and  in  two 
hours  expired. 

Colonel  Sargent  was  married,  22  Sept.,  1847,  to  Letitia  Sullivan, 
daughter  of  Jonathan  Arnory,  Esq.,  of  Jamaica  Plain.  She  and  four 
children  survive  him. 

An  obituary  was  published  in  the  "Boston  Advertiser,"  20  Dec., 
1864,  and  one  in  the  "  Harvard  Memorial,"  i.  142-146. 

FRANCIS  LELAND,  son  of  Joseph  P.  and  Tryphena  (daughter  of  Dr. 


COMMISSIONED    OFFICERS.  479 

Abijah  Richardson,  a  surgeon  in  the  Revolutionary  army),  was  born  in 
Sherborn,  Mass.  Graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1888.  Studied 
medicine  at  the  Tremont  Medical  School,  and  graduated  M.D.,  Har 
vard,  1842,  and  commenced  practice  in  Milford,  where  he  still  resides. 
He  was  appointed  surgeon  in  the  Second,  11  Oct.,  1801.  Was  himself 
wounded  in  the  head,  while  attending  to  the  wounded  on  the  field  of 
battle  at  Cedar  Mountain.  He  soon  returned  to  duty,  but  subsequent 
impaired  health  proved  inadequate,  and  he  resigned  24  Oct.,  1862. 
His  kindness,  faithfulness,  and  skill  are  gratefully  remembered. 

LINCOLN  RIPLEY  STONE  was  born  in  Bridgeton,  Me.,  5  Aug., 
1832;  son  of  (Rev.)  Thomas  T.  and  Laura  (Poor)  Stone.  Studied 
medicine  with  Dr.  William  Mack,  of  Salem ;  graduated  M.D.,  Har 
vard,  in  1854,  and  practised  in  Salem.  Was  commissioned  assistant- 
surgeon  in  the  Second,  June  1,  1861,  and  immediately  went  to  Camp 
Andrew.  In  August,  1861,  he  was  temporarily  detached  to  the  hos 
pital  at  Hagerstown.  Was  in  charge  of  the  large  hospital  at  Fred 
erick,  Md.,  in  the  winter  of  1861-62.'  When  Banks  was  at  Harris- 
burg,  he  was  in  charge  of  the  hospital  (built  by  the  rebels)  at  Mount 
Jackson,  and  afterwards  at  Strasburg.  When  Jackson  entered  Win 
chester,  Dr.  Stone  became  a  prisoner,  remaining  at  the  post  of  duty. 
His  brave  conduct  at  Antietam  insured  his  promotion,  which  was 
dated  Nov.  7,  1862.  When  Shaw  left  the  Second  to  become  colonel  of 
the  Fifty-fourth  Massachusetts,  Surgeon  Stone  was  transferred  to  that 
regiment,  and  was  on  duty  in  the  events  when  Shaw  fell.  He  was 
afterwards  appointed  assistant-surgeon  of  volunteers,  and  surgeon  of 
volunteers,  3  Dec.,  1863,  and  was  placed  in  charge  of  different  hospi 
tals  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  mustered  out  in  1865. 

He  was  married,  17  Feb.,  1864,  to  Harriet  Hodges,  of  Salem. 

WILLIAM  HENRY  HEATH,  son  of  Douglas  M.  and  Rebecca 
(Currier)  Heath,  was  born  in  Epsom,  N.H.,  19  March,  1829.  Read 
medicine  with  Dr.  Edward  Moore,  of  Boston,  and  graduated  M.D., 
Harvard,  in  1853.  Commenced  practice,  in  1854,  in  Stoneham,  Mass. 

When  news  came  that  both  the  surgeons  were  made  prisoners  in 
Banks 's  retreat,  Dr.  Heath  was  summoned  to  Boston  by  the  surgeon- 
general.  He  consented  to  leave  that  afternoon,  and  did  so  without 
returning  to  his  home.  He  joined  near  Bartonsville,  3  June,  1862, 
and  soon  accepted,  27  July,  1862,  the  place  of  second  assistant-sur 
geon.  He  was  appointed  surgeon,  24  April,  1863.  He  served  with 
great  faithfulness  and  zeal,  being  distinguished  as  a  very  careful  and 
skilful  operator.  His  health  failed  before  Atlanta,  in  consequence  of 
his  untiring  attention  to  duty.  He  was  sent  back  to  hospital  on  Look 
out  Mountain,  and  died  23  Aug.,  1864.  He  was  buried  at  Stoneham, 
Mass. 


480      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

He  was  married,  22  Aug.,  1861,  to  Delia  Maria  Belknap,  of  Stone- 
ham. 

ALONZO  HALL  QUINT,  only  son  of  George  and  Sally  W.  (Hall) 
Quint,  was  born  in  Barnstead,  N.H.,  22  March,  1828.  Fitted  for 
college  at  Franklin  Academy,  Dover,  N.H. ;  graduated  Dartmouth, 
1846 ;  studied  medicine  a  year  and  a  half;  entered  Andover  Theo 
logical  Seminary  in  1849,  graduated  in  1852,  and  remained  a  year  for 
further  study.  Was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Mather  (Trinitarian  Con 
gregational)  Church  at  Jamaica  Plain,  West  Eoxbury,  Mass.,  27  Dec., 
1853.  Was  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Education,  1855  to  1861 ; 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  New-England  His 
toric-Genealogical  Society,  and  corresponding  member  of  New- 
Hampshire  and  New- York  Historical  Societies.  Early  in  June,  1861, 
was  appointed  chaplain  of  the  Second,  for  which  his  church  gave  him 
leave  of  absence  for  two  years.  Was  commissioned  20  June.  Was  se 
verely  sick  in  1863,  in  consequence  of  "  exposure  in  the  line  of  duty," 
from  which  he  did  not  recover  completely,  though  returning  in  Au 
gust.  In  the  Atlanta  campaign,  partly  by  advice  of  surgeon,  and 
partly  from  other  considerations,  availed  himself  of  the  opportunity  to 
be  mustered  out.  Was  settled  over  the  North  Congregational  Church, 
New  Bedford,  Mass.,  21  July,  1864.  Received  the  degree  of  D.D., 
from  Dartmouth,  in  1866. 

Mr.  Quint  was  married  31  Jan.,  1864,  to  Rebecca  P.,  daughter  of 
Allen  Putnam,  Esq.,  of  Salem.  Children :  George  Putnam,  born 
21  Oct.,  1854,  died  15  Nov.,  1855 ;  Clara  Gadsden,  born  23  July,  1858 ; 
Wilder  Dwight,  born  15  Nov.,  1863. 

JAMES  WIGHTMAN,  son  of  Joseph  Wightman  (Mayor  of  George 
town,  Prince-Edward  Island),  was  born  in  Georgetown,  Prince-Ed 
ward  Island,  1  April,  1840.  He  came  to  Boston  in  1858;  read  medi 
cine  with  Dr.  Campbell,  of  East  Boston,  and  graduated  at  Harvard 
Medical  School  in  1862.  He  was  appointed  second  assistant-surgeon 
in  the  Second,  19  March,  1862,  and  joined  for  duty  on  the  28th.  In 
the  battle  of  Chancellorsville  he  did  faithful  service  ;  and  after  it,  was 
assigned  to  duty  at  Acquia  Creek  hospital,  where  his  unremitting  la 
bors,  added  to  the  previous  exposures,  induced  typhoid  fever,  of  which 
he  died,  at  Washington,  15  June,  1863. 

WILLIAM  NICHOLS,  Jun.,  son  of  (Dr.)  William  and  Rebecca  (Dona- 
hoe)  Nichols,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  10  Dec.,  1840.  Fitted  for 
college  at  Boston  Latin  School,  and  Brookline  High  School ;  but  his 
health  failing,  went  to  Fayal.  He  read  medicine  with  Dr.  Josiah 
Curtis,  of  Boston,  and  took  his  degree  at  Harvard  in  1861.  Was  em 
ployed  in  medical  service  with  the  army  from  10  April,  1862,  to  20 
April,  1863 ;  was  appointed  assistant-surgeon  in  the  Second,  5  May, 


AP  LA 


COMMISSIONED   OFFICERS.  481 

18G3.  He  served  at  Gettysburg,  with  great  bravery  and  zeal ;  and  in 
the  campaigns  to  Atlanta  (on  the  field  at  Resaca)  and  Savannah.  He 
was  appointed  surgeon,  27  Sept.,  1864,  but  accepted  instead  the  posi 
tion  of  surgeon  of  the  Third  Massachusetts  Heavy  Artillery,  9  Dec., 
1864,  with  Avhich  he  served,  as  well  as  in  charge  of  medical  service  in 
the  forts  about  Washington,  until  he  was  mustered  out,  18  Sept., 
1865. 

CURTIS  EMERSON  MUNN,  son  of  Apollos  and  Elmira  Munn,  was 
born  in  Windsor,  Vt.,  2  Feb.,  1836.  Was  civil  engineer,  but  studied 
medicine  with  Dr.  James  Holland,  Westfield,  Mass.,  and  graduated  at 
Harvard  Medical  School  in  1863.  Was  appointed  assistant-surgeon, 
Twenty-seventh  Massachusetts,  3  July,  1863 ;  surgeon  in  the  Second, 
5  Dec.,  1864,  joining  at  Savannah.  Mustered  out  with  the  regi 
ment. 

CHARLES  WIIEATON,  Jun.,  was  born  in  Warren,  R.I.,  31  May, 

1835 ;  son  of  Charles  and (....)  Wheaton.  He  was 

educated  at  the  Collegiate  Institute,  in  Warren,  and  had  entered  on 
mercantile  business  in  Boston,  Mass.,  when  the  war  commenced.  He 
was  appointed  adjutant,  being  commissioned  first-lieutenant  May  28,  — 
some  time  after  having  entered  upon  his  duties  at  Camp  Andrew. 
Declining  promotion  in  the  line,  he  continued  to  be  adjutant,  until  de 
tailed  upon  the  staff  of  General  Gordon  in  early  summer  in  1862. 
Being  appointed  commissary  of  subsistence,  with  the  rank  of  captain, 
17  July,  1862,  he  was  assigned  to  duty  with  General  Gordon ;  he  was 
afterwards  chief-commissary  of  General  Weitzel's  Corps,  and  entered 
Richmond  with  that  General.  With  him,  also,  he  went  to  Texas. 
He  served  until  the  end  of  the  war. 

ROBERT  MORRIS  COPELAND,  son  of  Benjamin  F.  and  Julia  (Rug- 
gles)  Copeland,  was  born  in  Roxbury,  Mass.,  11  Dec.,  1830.  Was  in 
business  when  war  approached.  Appointed  quartermaster  of  the  Sec 
ond  about  22  April,  1861 ;  commissioned  28  May.  Obtained  Brook 
Farm,  West  Roxbury,  for  camp  ground,  and  had  the  entire  work  of 
procuring  supplies,  £c.  His  unwearied  and  faithful  industry,  together 
with  his  business  ability,  proved  of  great  use.  In  August,  1861,  he  was 
detailed  as  aide  to  General  Banks ;  and,  27  Nov.,  appointed  assistant 
adjutant-general,  with  rank  of  Major.  He  served  with  General  Banks 
while  he  remained  in  service.  At  the  battle  of  Kernstown,  in  March, 
1862,  his  gallantry  was  conspicuous.  His  strong  sympathies  with  the 
movements  against  slavery  led  him  to  seek  a  transfer  to  the  command 
of  General  Hunter ;  but,  on  the  6th  of  August,  1862,  he  was  suddenly 
dismissed  the  service,  by  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  on  the  alleged 
ground  of  having  "  violated  an  important  trust ; "  a  charge  which 
Senator  Sumner,  after  full  examination,  pronounced  unjust.  All 

31 


48  £      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

efforts  to  obtain  a  hearing,  though  aided  by  Governor  Andrew  and 
some  of  the  most  eminent  citizens  of  Massachusetts,  failed.  "  His 
fellow-citizens  knew  him  too  well  to  believe  him  guilty  of  dishonorable 
conduct."  That  the  charge  was  unjust,  appears  perfectly  clear.  A 
full  account  is  given  in  a  pamphlet. 

He  was  married,  29  June,  1854,  to  Josephine  Gannett  Kent.  Chil 
dren  :  Frederick  Kent,  born  22  Aug.,  1855 ;  Kobert  Morris,  born  29 
Aug.,  1857,  died  9  Sept.,  1858 ;  Ella  Bradford,  bora  30  Nov.,  1858 ; 
Robert  Janies,  born  8  Jan.,  1801 ;  Josephine  Russell,  born  28  Sept., 
1865,  died  22  May,  1866. 

1  FRANCIS  HENRY  TUCKER,  son  of  William  (late  of  Boston)  and 
Mary  Ann  (Kirkly)  Tucker,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  28  Feb., 
1830.  Removed  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  in  1845;  was  in  business  there 
until  March,  1861.  Captain  in  the  Second,  24  May,  1861 ;  resigned 
12  Dec.,  1861. 

GREELY  '  STEVENSON  CURTIS,  son  of  James  F.  and  ...(...) 
Curtis,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  21  Nov.,  1830.  Was  in  the  public 
Latin  School  two  years,  and  a  year  and  a  half  in  the  Scientific  School 
at  Cambridge.  Engineer  from  1848  to  1851;  and  subsequently  in 
California,  the  East  Indies,  and  Canada.  Captain,  24  May,  1861 ; 
major  in  the  First  Massachusetts  Cavalry,  31  Oct.,  1861 ;  lieutenant- 
colonel,  30  Oct.,  1862.  He  was  in  command  of  that  regiment  in  the 
action  at  Kelley's  Ford,  17  March,  1863,  and  in  the  various  actions 
and  movements  up  to  the  middle  of  July.  Disability,  from  disease, 
forced  him  to  resign,  4  March,  1864. 

JAMES  SAVAGE,  jun.,  only  son  of  (Hon.)  James  and  Elizabeth  Otis 
(Stillman)  Savage,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  21  April,  1832.  Fitted 
for  college  at  the  Boston  Latin  School,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1854.  After  passing  a  year  in  Europe,  being  in  poor  health,  he  settled 
upon  a  farm,  in  Ashby,  Mass.  At  the  first  shot,  he  determined  to 
enter  the  service ;  and  becoming  associated  with  Colonel  Gordon,  began 
to  enlist  Company  D.  Captain,  24  May,  1861 ;  rendered  good  service 
with  Company  D  in  Banks's  retreat,  both  on  the  road  and  as  skir 
mishers,  on  the  25th  of  May.  Major,  13  June,  1862.  In  the  battle  of 
Cedar  Mountain,  his  horse  was  shot  under  him ;  and,  very  soon  after, 
he  was  wounded  by  the  flank  fire  of  the  enemy,  being  struck  by  two 
balls,  one  of  which  broke  the  upper  bone  of  the  right  arm  near  the 
shoulder,  and  the  other  shattered  the  lower  bone  of  the  right  leg.  He 


1  From  this  point,  the  names  occur  in  the  order  of  rank,  except  that  first  lieu 
tenants'  Wheaton  and  Copeland  (adjutant  and  quartermaster)  were  understood  to 
follow  the  original  ten  captains.  The  rank,  on  the  regimental  books,  was  determined 
by  date  of  muster,  not  date  of  commission. 


COMMISSIONED    OFFICERS.  483 

was  taken  prisoner,  and  carried  first  to  a  farm-house  in  the  neighbor 
hood,  and  afterwards  to  a  hospital  in  Charlottesville,  where  his  brother- 
in-law,  Professor  William  B.  Rogers,  had  formerly  resided,  as  professor 
in  the  University,  and  where  attached  friends  were  not  unmindful  of 
the  claims  and  duties  of  that  friendship.  The  nature  of  his  wounds 
made  it  necessary  that  both  the  arm  and  the  leg  should  be  ampu 
tated  :  upon  the  latter  the  operation  was  successfully  performed,  and 
that  upon  the  former  was  delayed  till  the  exhausted  system  might 
gain  strength  enough  to  bear  the  new  drain  upon  its  energies.  At 
first,  the  symptoms  were  favorable,  but  it  proved  that  his  system  could 
not  meet  the  demands  which  Avere  made  upon  it,  and  he  died,  22  Oct., 
1862.  His  promotion  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  took  place  after 
he  was  made  a  prisoner,  on  17  Sept.,  1862. 

All  who  knew  him  can  appreciate  the  following  extract  from  the 
"  Boston  Advertiser  :  "  — 

"He  was  as  gentle  as  he  was  brave.  He  had  a  heart  of  feminine 
tenderness,  and  a  character  of  feminine  purity.  He  shrank  from  no 
danger  or  exposure  himself;  but  he  Avas  always  thoughtful  and  consid 
erate  for  others.  He  was  a  fine  combination  of  the  gentleman,  the 
Christian,  and  the  soldier,  carrying  into  the  profession  of  arms,  and 
maintaining,  amid  scenes  of  blood  and  violence,  the  high  sense  of 
duty,  the  disinterestedness,  the  elevated  tone,  Avhich  ensure  confidence 
and  respect  in  the  avocations  of  peace." 

,  A  sketch  of  his  life  is  given  in  "  Harvard  Memorial,"  i.  pp.  328- 
350. 

EDAVARD  GARDINER  ABBOTT,  son  of  (Hon.)  Josiah  G.  and  Caroline 
(Livermore)  Abbott,  was  born  in  LoAvell,  Mass.,  29  Sept.,  1840.  Was 
fitted  for  college  at  LoAvell  High  School,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1860.  He  commenced  reading  laAv  with  Samuel  A.  Brown,  Esq.,  of 
Lowell.  The  day  after  the  attack  of  the  Baltimore  mob  upon  the  Sixth 
regiment,  he  commenced  raising  a  company  in  Lowell,  Avhich  Avas  im 
mediately  filled,  and  organized  under  the  militia  laws.  His  company 
was  the  first  to  go  to  Camp  AndreAv,  —  on  11  May,  1861.  Commission 
dated,  24  May.  He  Avas  actively  engaged  in  the  skirmishes  and 
battle  of  "Banks's  Retreat."  His  company  was  engaged  as  skir 
mishers  at  Cedar  Mountain,  \vhere  he  Avas  killed,  9  Aug.,  1862,  by 
a  ball  striking  him  in  the  neck.  His  body  Avas  sent  home  for  burial. 
The  funeral  services  took  place  in  Emanuel  Church,  Boston,  17 
Aug.,  1862.  The  exercises  at  the  church  consisted  of  the  usual 
Episcopal  burial-service,  conducted  by  Rev.  Dr.  Edson,  of  Lowell, 
and  Rev.  Charles  Grafton,  of  Baltimore  ;  with  a  feAV  touching  remarks 
on  the  virtues  of  the  deceased,  by  his  old  pastor,  Dr.  Edson.  A  dele 
gation  of  the  city  government  of  LoAvell  was  present,  having  arrived 


484      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

by  a  special  train  from  Lowell.  At  the  request  of  many  friends,  the 
parents  of  the  deceased  consented  to  have  the  remains  buried  at 
Lowell. 

The  whole  population  of  Lowell,  and  many  from  surrounding  towns, 
turned  out  to  witness  the  funeral  cortege,  and  to  pay  the  last  tribute 
of  respect  to  one  who,  in  the  flush  of  manhood,  tendered  his  services 
to  the  government  in  the  first  hour  of  her  danger,  and  gallantly  per 
formed  his  duty  until  the  fatal  bullet  deprived  the  country  of  one  of 
her  bravest  sons.  Of  fine  abilities,  brave,  manly,  and  true,  his  loss 
was  greatly  deplored. 

In  addition  to  appreciative  notices  published  in  the  Boston  and 
Lowell  newspapers,  a  sketch  of  his  life  is  given  in  "  Harvard  Memo 
rial,"  ii.  pp.  82-96. 

SAMUEL  MILLER  QUINCY,  son  of  (Hon.)  Josiah  Quincy,  jun.,  and 
Mary  Jane  (Miller)  Quincy,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  13  June, 
1833.  Fitted  for  college  in  the  school  of  W.  H.  Brooks,  and  gradu 
ated  at  Harvard  in  1852.  Head  law  in  the  office  of  P.  W.  Chandler, 
and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1855.  Was  one  of  the  editors  (with 
Hon.  John  Lowell)  of  the  "  Law  Reporter."  In  1861,  he  was  a  member 
of  the  House  of  Representatives,  from  Ward  4,  Boston ;  and  it  was 
during  this  service  that  he  was  commissioned  as  captain,  24  May. 
At  the  battle  of  Cedar  Mountain,  he  was  wounded  in  two  places ;  the 
wound  in  the  foot  proved  severe,  and  permanently  injurious.  He  was 
taken  prisoner  at  the  same  time,  was  carried  to  Stanton,  and  then 
to  Libby  Prison,  Richmond,  where  he  endured  hardships  which,  with 
his  wound,  severely  taxed  his  strength.  Paroled,  he  arrived  in  Wash 
ington  in  October,  1862,  but  he  was  entirely  unable  to  return  to  duty 
until  6  March,  1863.  He  was  a  captain  when  he  had  last  seen  the 
regiment;  he  returned  —  such  had  been  the  losses  —  as  colonel,  hav 
ing  been  promoted  major,  17  Sept.,  1862,  and  colonel,  9  Nov.,  1862. 
Commanded  the  regiment  in  the  Chancellorsville  campaign  and  battle, 
and  returned  with  it  to  Stafford  Court-house.  But  the  hardships  of 
that  movement  satisfied  him  that  he  had,  in  his  earnestness,  entirely 
over-estimated  his  strength,  —  weakened  by  the  wounds  from  which 
he  still  suffered,  and  by  his  captivity.  Unwilling  to  retain  a  posi 
tion  whose  duties  he  could  not  fully  discharge,  and  in  the  hope  of 
obtaining  a  staff  position,  where  he  could  be  useful  with  less  hard 
ship,  till  he  should  regain  his  health,  he  resigned  the  colonelcy,  2  June, 

1863.  He   was    appointed    lieutenant-colonel  of   the   Seventy-third 
United-States  Colored  Troops,  20  Oct.,  1863,  and  detailed  as  inspector 
on  the  staff  of  General  Andrews,  at  Port  Hudson.     Colonel,  21  May, 

1864,  and  transferred  (by  consolidation)  to  the  Ninety-sixth ;  and,  on 
the  muster-out  of  that  regiment,  colonel  of  the  Eighty-first  United- 


COMMISSIONED   OFFICERS.  485 

States  Colored  Troops,  5  Jan.,  1866.  On  13  March,  1865,  he  was 
brevetted  brigadier-general,  "  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  dur 
ing  the  war." 

RICHARD  CART,  youngest  child  of  (Hon.)  Thomas  Graves  and  Mary 
(Perkins)  Gary,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  27  June,  1835,  —  and  named 
for  Colonel  Richard  Gary,  who  served  on  the  staff  of  General  Wash 
ington.  Was  educated  at  the  Boston  Latin  School.  At  seventeen,  he 
was  sent  South  for  his  health,  and  formed,  in  Mobile,  Ala.,  pleasant 
relations,  which  led  him,  a  few  years  later,  to  select  that  city  for  his 
residence.  25  Oct.,  1858,  he  was  married  to  Helen  Eugenia,  daughter 
of  Philo  S.  Shelton,  Esq.,  of  Boston,  and  returned  to  Mobile,  where 
he  had  entered  into  the  firm  of  D.  A.  D wight  &  Co.,  commission- 
merchants.  In  1860,  he  left  this  firm,  and  commenced  business  for 
himself  in  New  Orleans.  He  returned  North  in  March,  1861,  and 
entered  the  service  as  soon  as  possible.  Captain  in  the  Second,  24 
May,  1861,  in  command  of  Company  G.  He  served  in  Banks's  re 
treat,  and  at  Cedar  Mountain,  where,  9  Aug.,  1862,  he  was  mortally 
wounded.  He  lived  until  the  following  day,  lying  upon  the  field  in 
the  hands  of  the  enemy,  but  watched  by  the  faithful  Williston,  first 
sergeant  of  his  company,  also  mortally  wounded.  He  died  without 
pain.  His  body  was  sent  home,  and  buried  from  Trinity  Church,  18 
Aug.,  1862.  The  body,  which  was  hermetically  sealed  in  a  metallic 
coffin,  enclosed  in  a  casket,  was  borne  to  the  church  from  the  resi 
dence  of  Mr.  Quincy  Shaw,  No.  26,  Mount- Vernon  Street.  The  casket 
was  draped  with  the  American  flag.  The  burial  service  of  the  Epis 
copal  Church  Avas  read,  after  which  the  minister  made  a  brief  address. 
The  remains  were  buried  at  Mount  Auburn.  No  person  in  the  Second 
enjoyed  more  respect  than  this  manly,  honorable,  and  capable  officer. 

WILLIAM  COGSWELL,  son  of  George* (M.DJ  and  Abigail  (Parker) 
Cogswell,  was  born  in  Bradford,  Mass.,  23  Aug.,  1838.  Fitted  for 
college  at  Kimball  Union  Academy,  Plainfield,  N.H.,  and  at  Phillips 
Academy,  Andover,  Mass.  Entered  Dartmouth  in  1855,  but  left  in 
1856.  Went  to  sea,  and  was  gone  fifteen  months.  Began  to  read  law 
in  1858,  and  received  the  degree  of  LL.B.,  at  Cambridge,  in  1860 ; 
admitted  to  practice  in  1860,  and  opened  an  office  in  Salem.  On  the 
morning  of  20  April,  1861,  he  began  to  recruit  a  company,  which  was 
speedily  filled,  and  went  into  camp  on  Winter  Island  on  the  22d. 
May  14,  it  arrived  at  Camp  Andrew,  as  part  of  the  SECOND.  His 
commission  was  dated  May  24.  In  Banks's  retreat,  his  services,  and 
those  of  Company  C,  have  been  mentioned.  In  the  autumn  of  1862, 
he  was  in  command  of  the  regiment ;  and,  on  the  23d  of  October,  he 
was  promoted  from  captain  to  lieutenant-colonel.  At  Sharpsburg,  his 
expedition  over  the  river  has  been  referred  to.  At  the  battle  of  Chan- 


486      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

cellorsville,  he  was  severely  wounde'd  in  the  shoulder ;  returned,  though 
but  partially  recovered,  10  July.  Colonel,  6  June,  1863.  In  the 
West,  he  made,  with  the  Second,  the  reconnoissance  at  Eesaca,  15  May, 
1864,  which  proved  the  pivot  of  the  action.  When  Sherman  entered 
Atlanta,  he  was  made  post-commandant.  From  Atlanta  to  Milledge- 
ville,  commanded  a  brigade.  "A  young  officer,  zealous,  active,  and 
brave,"  said  General  Hooker.  Bre\  et-brigadier-general,  17  Dec., 
1864.  Was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Third  Brigade,  Third 
Division,  Twentieth  Corps.  His  service  at  the  battle  of  Averysbo- 
rough  has  been  described.'  Was  mustered  out,  25  June,  1865,  and 
returned  to  the  practice  of  law. 

General  Cogswell  was  married,  20  June,  1865,  to  Emma,  daughter 
of  the  late  Thorndike  Proctor,  of  Bradford,  Mass. 

JOEL  PARKER  WHITNEY,  son  of  George  and  Sophia  (Greenwood) 
Whitney,  was  born  in  Gardner,  Mass.,  27  June,  1836.  He  lived  in 
New  Orleans  until  his  tenth  year ;  entered  ShurtlefT  College,  111.,  but 
was  compelled  to  leave,  by  ill  health  ;  made  several  sea  voyages  for 
his  health,  and  engaged  in  business  in  Boston.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Cadets.  Captain  in  the  Second,  24  May,  1861 ;  but  resigned, 
2  July,  1861.  He  was  afterwards  tendered  a  position  in  the  Twentieth 
Massachusetts,  and  also  a  position  as  major  in  the  Sixteenth  Massa 
chusetts,  but  felt  obliged  to  decline  each.  Mr.  Whitney  was  married, 
30  June,  1859,  to  Frances,  daughter  of  William  Keith,  of  Roxbury, 
Mass. 

ADIN  BALLOU  UNDERWOOD,  son  of  Orison  and  Hannah  B.  (Chee- 
ney)  Underwood,  was  born  in  Milford,  Mass.,  19  May,  1828.  Fitted 
for  college  at  the  University  School,  Providence,  II. I.,  and  graduated 
at  Brown  in  1849.  Was  in  manufacturing  business  for  one  year; 
commenced  the  study  of  law  in  1850 ;  passed  one  year,  1852-53,  in 
Europe ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1853 ;  practised  a  year  and  a 
half  in  Milford ;  opened  an  office  in  Boston  in  1855.  His  early  con 
nection  with  Colonel  Gordon  in  the  formation  of  the  Second  is  already 
mentioned.  Captain,  24  May,  1861.  His  service  with  Company  I  at 
Bartonsville  has  been  described.  In  July,  the  llth,  he  was  appointed 
major  in  the  Thirty-third  Massachusetts,  then  forming ;  on  the  24th, 
lieutenant-colonel ;  and  on  the  3d  of  April,  1863,  colonel.  As  such  he 
commanded  it  at  Chancellorsville,  where  his  brigade,  having  been  sent 
out  to  attack  Jackson's  trains,  was  not  in  the  rout  of  the  Eleventh 
Corps,  to  which  it  belonged.  At  Gettysburg,  he  was  on  Cemetery  Hill. 
In  the  West,  he  was  in  the  movement  of  Hooker,  which  cleared  the 
south  side  of  the  Tennessee  to  the  base  of  Lookout  Mountain ;  when, 
at  Wauhatchie,  29  Oct.,  1863,  he  was  most  severely  wounded,  —  "a 
compound  comminuted  fracture  of  the  upper  third  of  the  right  thigh 


COMMISSIONED    OFFICERS.  487 

bone."  His  life  was  despaired  of,  but  he  was  taken  to  Nashville, 
where,  after  weeks  of  patient  care,  he  so  far  recovered  as  to  go  North. 
Unasked  for,  the  commission  of  brigadier-general  was  sent  him,  22 
Jan.,  1864.  When  sufficiently  recovered,  he  was  made  president  of  a 
military  commission  at  Washington.  Being  appointed  by  the  Presi 
dent,  1  Sept.,  1865,  to  the  office  of  surveyor  in  the  Custom-house  at 
Boston,  his  resignation  was  accepted ;  but  not  until  he  was  bre vetted 
major-general,  to  date  from  13  March,  1865.  General  Underwood  was 
married  to  Jane  Lydia  Walker,  of  Newton,  Mass.,  5  June,  1856. 
Children:  Amy,  born  28  March,  1857;  Anna,  born  4  May,  1859; 
William  Orison,  born  5  May,  1861. 

RICHARD  CHAPMAN  GOODWIN,  son  of  Ozias  and  Lucy  N.  (Chap 
man)  Goodwin,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  11  Oct.,  1833.  Fitted  for 
college,  under  private  instruction,  and  in  the  Boston  Latin  School; 
and  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1854.  He  entered  the  counting-room 
of  William  S.  Bullard,  of  Boston,  but  soon  went  to  Europe,  where 
he  remained  until  1858.  Captain  in  the  Second,  24  May,  1861.  He 
served  faithfully  with  the  regiment,  though  suffering  much  from 
ill-health.  His  devotion  to  duty  was  entire.  Once,  when  asked  why 
he  did  not  get  into  an  ambulance,  he  replied  to  the  chaplain,  "  I  can 
not  ride  while  my  men  must  go  on  foot,"  —  though  at  that  time  his 
socks  were  wet  with  blood.  He  fell  at  Cedar  Mountain,  where,  almost 
helpless  from  disease,  he  had  been  assisted  up  the  hill.  His  body 
was  sent  home.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Bartol,  in  a  commemoration  sermon 
(printed),  Aug.  24,  said,  "You  know  that  another  of  our  number 
is  gone  from  us,  —  one  of  the  four  captains  that  fell  together  in  the 
battle  of  Cedar  Mountain,  and  the  fourth  officer  during  the  year  slain 
from  among  ourselves,  in  this  rebellion  against  God  and  man,  while  a 
fifth  sank  under  a  fatal  disease.  I  need  not  mention  the  name,  long 
familiar  in  this  place  as  it  is,  which  has  already  been  on  all  your 
tongues.  He,  too,  has  dedicated  his  prime  to  the  duty  of  the  hour. 
The  captain  of  Company  K,  in  that  Second  Regiment  of  Massachu 
setts  Volunteers,  which  will  fill  a  shining  page  in  our  history,  at  the 
motion  of  his  own  will,  obedient  to  the  pleading  within  him  of  his 
country's  call,  gathered  his  men,  and,  from  his  situation  of  indepen 
dence  and  comfort,  went  into  all  the  labor  and  hazard  of  the  war,  with 
the  simple  purpose  of  doing  his  part  —  as  he  has,  with  unspotted 
honor  —  to  solve  our  awful  problem.  The  colonel  of  the  regiment 
testifies  to  what  we  learn  on  all  hands  of  the  respect  he  won  from  his 
brother-officers,  and  the  devoted  regard  of  those  whom  he  led."  See 
sketch  in  "  Harvard  Memorial,"  i.  294-5. 

CHARLES  REDINGTON  MUDGE,  son  of  Enoch  Redington  and  Caro 
line   A.   (Patten)   Mudge,  was   born  in  New  York,  22  Oct.,   1839. 


488  SECOND    MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

Fitted  for  college  in  the  school  of  Thomas  G.  Bradford,  of  Boston, 
and  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1860.  He  immediately  began  an  educa 
tion  for  manufacturing ;  but,  on  the  approach  of  the  war,  he  was  active 
in  raising  a  company,  obtaining  many  men  in  Lynn  and  Swampscott, 
near  his  father's  home  in  the  summer.  First  lieutenant,  28  May, 
1861 ;  captain,  8  July.  At  Winchester  he  was  wounded  in  the  leg. 
He  was  hit  by  a  bullet  at  Antietam,  which  pierced  all  his  clothing 
and  cut  the  skin,  but  did  not  disable  him.  Major,  9  Nov.,  1862,  and 
lieutenant  colonel,  6  June,  1863.  After  Colonel  Quincy's  resignation, 
and  in  the  absence  of  Lieutenant-colonel  Cogswell  in  consequence  of 
wounds,  he  was  in  command  of  the  regiment,  and  as  such  led  it  in  the 
action  near  Brandy  Station,  9  June,  and  at  Gettysburg.  Its  history  at 
that  place  is  already  given.  It  was  after  saying,  "  It's  murder ;  but 
it's  the  order,"  he  bravely  led  the  regiment  onward.  But,  halfway 
across  the  meadow,  he  fell  dead.  His  body  was  sent  home,  and  buried 
in  the  cemetery  at  Lynn,  after  a  funeral  service  in  Emanuel  Church, 
Boston  (Rev.  Dr.  Huntington  officiating),  where  he  had  been  con 
firmed  a  few  months  previous.  Not  twenty-four  years  of  age,  but 
manly,  and  judicious,  and  of  course  brave.  A  valuable  memorial  was 
privately  printed,  and  a  sketch  appears  in  "Harvard  Memorial,"  ii. 
151-162. 

WILLIAM  BLACKSTONE  WILLIAMS,  son  of  Moses  and  Mary  (daugh 
ter  of  Thomas  Blake,  an  officer  of  the  Revolutionary  army),  was 
born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  18  Sept.,  1830 ;  removing  to  Jamaica  Plain  in 
1832.  Educated  at  the  public  schools,  and  in  drawing  and  mathe 
matics  under  private  teachers.  Studied  a  year  in  the  office  of  Mr. 
Whitney,  civil  engineer ;  was  employed  on  the  Western  Railroad,  and 
assistant-engineer  on  the  Cleveland  and  Columbus  Railroad,  where 
he  continued  until  1850,  when  he  was  selected  as  one  of  the  corps  of 
engineers  to  survey  a  railway  route  across  the  Isthmus  of  Tehuante- 
pec,  in  which  he  crossed  from  ocean  to  ocean.  After  a  year,  the  sur 
vey  was  abandoned ;  he  returned,  and  engaged  with  others  in  building 
sections  of  the  Maysville  and  Big-Shanty  Road ;  and  then  as  a  con 
tractor  on  the  Mobile  and  Ohio  Road.  After  finishing  his  contracts,  he 
went  to  Europe  in  1858,  where  he  spent  a  year  and  a  half.  Soon  after 
his  return,  the  rebellion  broke  out.  He  entered  the  service  as  first 
lieutenant,  commissioned  28  May,  1861,  Company  E.  He  was  in 
Banks's  retreat,  and  at  Cedar  Mountain,  where  he  was  killed,  9  Aug., 
1862.  Generous  and  upright,  cool,  reflective,  sagacious,  resolute  in 
purpose,  courageous,  it  was  no  common  loss,  as  a  man  and  an  officer. 
His  remains  were  sent  home,  and  buried,  17  Aug. 

Said  the  "  Boston  Journal  "  of  the  18th  of  August :  "  The  funeral 
services  of  this  brave  and  popular  officer,  who  fell  at  the  battle  of  Cedar 


o  WGflJLOARO    So  WO  L10AP]  So 


COMMISSIONED    OFFICERS.  489 

Mountain,  were  observed  in  the  Unitarian  Church  at  Jamaica  Plain, 
yesterday  afternoon.  The  other  churches  were  closed,  out  of  respect 
to  the  deceased.  The  casket,  draped  with  the  American  flag  and 
covered  with  the  most  exquisite  flowers,  rested  upon  a  table  in  front 
of  the  pulpit.  Over  the  casket  was  placed  Captain  Williams's  sword, 
on  which  was  a  beautiful  cross  of  white  flowers,  with  the  hilt  just 
visible  at  the  top.  The  pulpit  was  also  draped  with  the  national  flag. 
The  services  were  conducted  by  Rev.  Dr.  Thompson,  the  pastor, 
who  gave  a  discourse  [printed]  in  which  the  character,  life,  and  death 
of  Captain  Williams  were  dwelt  upon,  and  an  appreciative  considera 
tion  given  to  the  cause,  objects,  and  results  of  the  war,  in  which  so 
many  brave  lives  are  sacrificed.  After  the  services,  the  remains  were 
borne  to  Forest-Hills  Cemetery." 

"  In  whom,"  well  said  Dr.  Thompson,  "  all  the  elements  of  genu 
ine  manliness  were  mixed  in  due  proportion,  and  compacted  into  a 
stature  —  physical,  intellectual,  and  moral  —  of  rare  beauty  and  com 
pleteness  ;  a  soldier  worthy  of  his  name,  without  a  stain  upon  his  life 
to  make  his  father  sad  or  ashamed.  Born  to  the  prospective  inheri 
tance  of  ample  wealth,  he  scorned  the  indolent  effeminacy  which  such 
a  condition  too  often  induces.  Though  opposed  to  the  political  party 
which  brought  the  Administration  into  power,  yet  he  saw  at  a  glance 
that  there  was  but  one  course  for  a  patriot  like  himself  to  take ;  and 
that  was,  to  devote  his  energies  and  his  life,  without  reserve  or  stint, 
to  the  defence  and  preservation  of  the  national  existence  thus  auda 
ciously  imperilled." 

HEXRY  STURGIS  RUSSELL,  son  of  George  R.  and  Sarah  (daughter 
of  Robert  G.  Shaw)  Russell,  was  born  in  Dorchester,  Mass.,  21  June, 
1838.  Fitted  for  college  under  the  care  of  Epes  S.  Dixwell,  and 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1860.  First  lieutenant,  28  May,  1861 ;  cap 
tain,  13  Dec.,  1861.  He  was  taken  prisoner  at  Cedar  Mountain, 
9  Aug.,  1862.  Was  appointed  colonel  of  the  Fifth  Massachusetts 
Cavalry,  5  April,  1864,  and  served  in  Virginia.  He  was  wounded,  in 
the  shoulder,  at  Bailor's  farm,  before  Petersburg,  Va.,  15  June,  1864. 
Was  honorably  discharged,  15  Feb.,  1865.  Was  married,  6  May, 
1863,  to  Mary  Hathaway,  daughter  of  John  M.  Forbes.  Children: 
James  Savage,  born  8  March,  1864;  Ellen  Forbes,  born  30  Dec., 
1865. 

MARCUS  MORTON  HAWES,  son  of  William  and  Maria  (daughter  of 
Governor  Marcus  Morton)  Hawes,  was  born  in  New  Bedford,  Mass., 
23  Sept.,  1836.  Removed  to  Boston  in  1844.  Fitted  for  college  in  the 
Boston  Latin  School  and  in  the  care  of  Epes  S.  Dixwell,  and  gradu 
ated  at  Harvard  in  1858.  He  was  in  commission  business  until  the 
war.  First  lieutenant,  24  May,  1861.  Was  acting-quartermaster,  12 


490      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Aug.,  1861,  and  appointed  to  that  place,  Nov.  27.  On  the  31st  of 
March,  1862,  he  was  acting  brigade-commissary,  and  was  appointed 
assistant-quartermaster,  with  the  rank  of  captain,  17  July,  1862.  He 
was  with  General  Gordon  until  November,  when  he  was  assigned  to 
duty  with  General  Andrews,  then  about  to  go  South  in  the  expedition 
of  General  Banks.  He  assisted  in  the  preparations  at  New  York,  and 
went  to  New  Orleans  in  January,  1863.  Was  subsequently  assigned 
to  duty  with  the  chief  quartermaster,  and  served  until  February,  1865, 
when  his  resignation  was  accepted.  He  remained  in  business  in  New 
Orleans. 

GEORGE  PEMBERTOX  BANGS,  son  of  George  P.  (late  of  Boston) 
and  Elizabeth  (Simpkins)  Bangs,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  29  July, 
1835.  Fitted  for  college  under  a  private  tutor,  and  entered  Amherst ; 
but  removed  to  the  Scientific  School  at  Cambridge,  where  he  studied 
a  year.  In  1855-56,  he  sailed  to  California  and  the  East  Indies ;  and 
in  1857  travelled  in  Europe.  First  lieutenant  in  the  Second;  com 
missioned,  28  May,  1861;  captain,  13  June,  1862;  was  in  the  battles 
of  Winchester,  Cedar  Mountain,  and  Antietam ;  but  resigned  29 
March,  1863,  on  account  of  continued  disease,  contracted  in  the  line 
of  duty. 

WILLIAM  DWIGHT  SEDGWICK,  only  son  of  Charles  and  Elizabeth 
(Dwight)  Sedgwick,  was  born  in  Lenox,  Mass.,  27  June,  1831.  Fit 
ted  for  college,  —  one  year  at  a  French  school  in  New  York,  and  at 
Stockbridge  and  Lenox ;  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1851.  He  spent 
the  winter  in  a  law  office ;  then  went  to  Europe,  where  he  remained 
seventeen  months,  studying  at  the  universities  of  Gottingen  and  Bres- 
lau ;  returning,  spent  a  year  at  the  Cambridge  Law  School,  and  com 
menced  practice  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  returned  to  enter  the  service ; 
first  lieutenant  in  the  Second,  28  May,  1861.  Ordnance  officer  of  the 
division,  14  Aug. ;  was  appointed  assistant  adjutant-general,  with 
the  rank  of  captain,  16  Sept.,  1861,  and  placed  on  the  staff  of  Gen 
eral  Sedgwick,  with  whom  he  served  with  distinguished  ability.  He 
was  promoted  major,  7  Aug.,  1862.  In  the  battle  of  Antietam,  he 
was  mortally  wounded,  dying  29  Sept.,  at  Keedysville. 

He  married,  in  1857,  at  Hanover,  Germany,  Louisa  Frederica, 
daughter  of  Professor  A.  Tellkampf,  of  that  place. 

A  sketch  of  his  life  appears  in  "  Harvard  Memorial,"  i.  179-189. 

CHARLES  FESSENDEN  MORSE,  son  of  Robert  M.  and  Sarah  M. 
(daughter  of  Fessenden  Clarke)  Morse,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass., 
22  Sept.,  1839.  Graduated  at  the  Cambridge  Scientific  School  (B.  S.) 
in  1857,  and  for  three  years  was  occupied  as  architect.  He  took  an 
active  part  in  the  formation  of  the  Second ;  first  lieutenant,  28  May, 
1861.  Either  with  the  regiment  or  on  staff  of  a  general  officer,  he 


COMMISSIONED    OFFICERS.  491 

was  in  every  action  of  the  regiment.  Captain,  11  July,  1862;  major, 
6  June,  1863 ;  lieutenant-colonel,  4  July,  1863.  Was  provost-marshal 
of  the  Twelfth  Corps  in  the  Chancellorsville  campaign,  and  was  pVes- 
ent  witli  General  Slocum  at  Chancellor  House ;  and  held  the  same 
position  until  the  consolidation  of  the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Corps,  early 
in  1864.  When  that  took  place,  he  returned  to  the  regiment*  of  which 
he  was  repeatedly  in  command  ;  on  the  campaign  towards  Atlanta, 
and  from  16  Jan.,  1865,  the  time  of  Colonel  Cogswell's  brevet  as  brig 
adier,  he  continued  in  command.  As  such,  he  was  in  the  battle  of 
Averysborough,  16  March,  1864,  where  he  was  seriously  wounded  in  the 
shoulder.  He  led  home  the  regiment  in  June,  1865.  Commissioned 
colonel,  by  the  Governor,  24  July,  1865 ;  and  was  brevetted  colonel 
by  the  President,  "for  gallant  and  meritorious  service,  during  the 
recent  campaigns  in  Georgia  and  the  Carolinas,  a  colonel  of  volun 
teers  by  brevet,  to  rank  as  such  from  the  13th  day  of  March,  A.D. 
1865." 

THOMAS  LAWRENCE  MOTLEY,  son  of  Thomas  and  Maria  B.  (Davis) 
Motley,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  23  Sept.,  1835.  Was  two  years 
on  a  voyage  to  China.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  went  to  Fort 
Independence,  as  a  member  of  the  New-England  Guards.  First  lieu 
tenant  in  the  Second,  28  May,  1861.  Dec.  25,  1861,  he  was  com 
missioned  captain  in  the  First  Massachusetts  Cavalry ;  was  promoted 
to  be  major,  5  March,  1862.  He  was  severely  wounded  in  right 
leg  and  the  right  arm,  at  Ashland,  Va.,  11  May,  1864,  in  Sheridan's 
movement;  he  has  never  entirely  recovered  the  use  of  his  arm. 
Was  appointed  assistant  adjutant-general,  with  the  rank  of  major; 
and  mustered  out,  1  Sept.,  1866. 

EDWIN  RUTHVEN  HILL,  son  of  Benjamin  and  Anstiss  Peirce  (Lane) 
Hill,  was  born  in  Salem,  Mass.,  18  April,  1826.  He  served  in  the  war 
with  Mexico,  and  there  contracted  disease  which  never  entirely  left 
him.  First  lieutenant  (Company  C),  28  May,  1861.  Resigned  from 
disability,  29  Nov.,  1861.  Upon  partial  recovery,  he  served,  in  the 
Salem  Cadets,  six  months  at  Fort  Warren,  Boston  Harbor.  He  after 
wards  enlisted  in  the  Fourth  Massachusetts  Cavalry,  and  was  com 
missioned  21  Sept.,  1864.  He  fell  in  action,  9  Dec.,  1864. 

The  "  Boston  Transcript "  said  :  "  First  lieutenant  Edwin  R.  Hill, 
Fifty-fifth  Massachusetts  (and  acting  aide  on  the  second  brigade  staff), 
was  killed  near  the  Charleston  and  Savannah  Railroad,  on  the  9th 
instant,  by  a  shot  through  the  thigh,  severing  the  artery,  and  caus 
ing  hemorrhage  that  proved  fatal  before  a  surgeon  could  be  procured, 
Lieutenant  Hill  being  at  the  vevy  front.  A  correspondent  writes  from 
Hilton  Head  that  this  young  officer  was  '  formerly  a  lieutenant  in  the 
old  Second  Massachusetts,  where  he  maintained  a  high  reputation, 


492      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTKY. 

resigning  from  ill-health.  He  afterwards  recovered,  and  enlisted  in 
the  Fourth  Massachusetts  Cavalry.  While  serving  in  this  capacity, 
on  tolly  Island,  he  met,  in  the  Fifty -fifth  Massachusetts,  some  of  his 
old  friends  of  the  Second,  by  whose  influence  he  was  recommended 
to  the  Government  for  a  commission.  He  was  mustered  as  first  lieu 
tenant  the  very  day  on  which  the  regiment  left  Hilton  Head  on  the 
expedition,  and  in  the  action  at  Honey  Hill  he  was  very  efficient, 
acting  as  aide-de-camp  in  the  hottest  of  the  fire.  He  was  knocked  off 
from  his  horse  by  the  concussion  of  a  shell  and  somewhat  injured 
in  this  action,  but  returned  to  the  front.  Lieutenant  Hill  was  a  man  of 
quiet,  dignified  manners,  and  fine  military  judgment  and  experience. 
His  career  in  the  Fifty -fifth  was  brief,  but  it  leaves  a  glorious  record, 
which  will  be  tenderly  cherished  by  his  companions  in  arms/" 

Mr.  Hill  was  married,  6  Sept.,  1852,  to  Abby  E.  H.  Kinsley,  of 
Salem,  and  left  children. 

HARRISON  GRAY  OTIS  WEYMOTJTII,  son  of  Stephen  and  Sarah 
Curtis  (Cornor)  Weymouth,  was  born  in  Clinton,  Me.,  16  Aug.,  1840. 
Resided  in  Lowell.  First  lieutenant  in  the  Second,  28  May,  1861 ; 
resigned,  2  July,  1861 ;  captain  in  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts, 
3  Aug.,  1861,  and  served  until  4  April,  1863,  when  he  was  discharged 
for  disability,  having  lost  his  left  leg  at  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg, 
13  Dec.,  1862,  while  in  command  of  the  regiment.  Was  appointed 
major  in  the  First  United-States  Volunteer  Infantry,  a  regiment 
recruited  from  rebel  prisoners  at  Point  Lookout ;  and  served  as  such 
until  the  regiment  was  mustered  out,  27  Nov.,  1865. 

ROBERT  GOULD  SHAW,  jun.,  son  of  Francis  George  (now  of  New 
York)  and  Sarah  B.  (Sturgis)  Shaw,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  10 
Oct.,  1837.  Was  educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Fordham ;  Neu- 
chatel,  Switzerland;  and  Hanover,  Germany;  and  three  years  in 
Harvard  College,  in  the  Class  of  1860,  which  he  left  to  enter  the  house 
of  II.  P.  Sturgis  &  Co.,  New  York.  He  served  as  private  in  the  New- 
York  Seventh,  when  it  was  summoned  to  Washington  in  the  spring  of 
1861.  Second  lieutenant  in  the  Second,  28  May,  1861;  first  lieu 
tenant,  8  July,  1861 ;  captain,  10  Aug.,  1862.  At  the  battle  of  Cedar 
Mountain,  he  was  aide  to  General  Gordon,  who  officially  mentioned 
his  "labors  and  coolness."  Captain  Shaw  was  selected  to  command 
the  first  regiment  of  colored  troops,  and  was  accordingly  commis 
sioned  major  of  the  Fifty-fourth  Massachusetts,  31  March,  1863,  and 
colonel,  17  April,  1863.  His  history  from  that  time  to  his  fall  at 
Wagner,  is  national.  He  was  killed  18  July,  1863,  and  buried  where 
he  fell. 

In  addition  to  private  record,  a  sketch  appears  in  "  Harvard  Me 
morial,"  ii.  183-211. 


COMMISSIONED    OFFICEBS.  493 

HENRY  LEE  HIGGINSON,  son  of  George  and  Mary  Cabot  (Lee) 
Higginson,  was  born  in  New  York,  18  Nov.,  1834.  Soon  after  his 
birth,  his  parents  removed  to  Boston.  Fitted  for  college  at  Boston 
Latin  School,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1851.  Went  to  Europe  in 
1852,  and  remained  a  year  and  a  half.  After  some  time  in  the  count 
ing-room  of  a  mercantile  house,  he  again  went  to  Europe,  in  1856, 
and  remained  until  1860.  On  the  28th  of  May,  1861,  second  lieuten 
ant  in  the  Second ;  first  lieutenant,  July  8.  Appointed  captain  in  the 
First  Massachusetts  Cavalry,  31  Oct.,  1861;  major,  26  March,  1862; 
but  left  the  service,  9  Aug.,  1864,  on  account  of  continued  disability 
from  disease. 

OCHRAN  HANKS  HOWARD,  son  of  Benjamin  and  Mary  (Sturtevant) 
Howard,  was  born  in  Ware,  Mass.,  19  Oct.,  1838.  Was  in  the  Naval 
Academy,  1857  to  1861.  Second  lieutenant  in  the  Second,  28  May, 
1861 ;  first  lieutenant,  17  Sept.,  1861 ;  captain,  10  Aug.,  1862.  Was 
detached  on  service  in  the  Signal  Corps,  27  Aug.,  1861,  and  never 
returned  ;  and  was  transferred  to  that  corps  when  organized,  12  Sept., 
1863,  to  rank  from  3  March,  1863.  He  was  in  the  Port  Royal  expe 
dition  ;  served  in  the  special  commands  of  Sherman,  Hunter,  Gilmore, 
and  others  ;  with  Grant  at  Vicksburg  ;  and  in  every  rebel  State  except 
Texas.  He  was  in  service  in  1866, — brevet-major,  and  chief  signal 
officer  of  the  Department  of  the  Gulf. 

He  was  married,  January,  1861,  to  Miss  Catharine  Breck,  of  An 
napolis,  Md. 

JAMES  FRANCIS,  son  of  James  B.  and  Sarah  W.  (Brownell)  Fran 
cis,  was  bom  in  Lowell,  Mass.,  30  March,  1840.  Was  in  the  school 
of  Mr.  Allen,  Jamaica  Plain ;  and  had  spent  a  year  in  the  studies  of 
mechanical  engineering,  when,  in  April,  1861,  he  was  appointed  lieu 
tenant  in  the  company  raised  by  Captain  Abbott  (A).  Second  lieuten 
ant  in  the  Second,  28  May,  1861;  first  lieutenant,  1  Nov.,  1861; 
captain,  10  Aug.,  1862.  At  the  battle  of  Antietam,  he  was  wounded 
in  the  hand,  requiring  amputation  of  fingers ;  returned  to  duty, 
Dec.  1.  Major,  4  July,  1863.  Served  in  Georgia  on  the  staff 
of  General  A.  S.  Williams,  as  division  inspector.  Was  appointed 
lieutenant-colonel  by  the  Governor,  24  July,  1865 ;  and  was  brevetted 
lieutenant-colonel  of  volunteers,  by  the  President,  13  March,  1865. 
Mustered  out  of  service  with  the  regiment  in  July,  1865. 

THOMAS  RODMAN  ROBESON,  son  of  Thomas  (late  of  Philadelphia) 
and  Sybil  (Washburn)  Robeson,  was  born  in  New  Bedford,  Mass., 
7  Nov.,  1840.  Fitted  for  college  under  the  care  of  Francis  M.  Tower, 
of  Cambridge,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1861.  Second  lieutenant 
in  the  Second,  28  May,  1861 ;  first  lieutenant,  30  Nov.,  1861.  De 
tached  for  service  in  the  Signal  Corps,  in  the  fall  of  1861 ;  and  was 


494      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

in  the  actions  at  Roanoke  Island  and  Newbern.  Applying  to  be 
returned,  he  came  back  in  the  spring  of  1862.  In  the  battle  of  Cedar 
Mountain,  he  was  wounded  in  the  arm.  Captain,  10  Aug.,  1862.  He 
was  mortally  wounded,  in  the  thigh,  at  Gettysburg,  3  July,  1863,  and 
died  there,  July  6. 

"The  country,"  said  the  "Boston  Advertiser,"  "has  lost  a  brave, 
competent,  and  faithful  officer  in  Captain  Thomas  Rodman  Robeson,  of 
Cambridge,  of  the  Massachusetts  Second  Regiment,  who  fell  severely 
wounded  under  the  terrible  fire  to  which  his  regiment  was  exposed  at 
Gettysburg,  on  Friday  morning,  the  3d  instant.  His  company  had 
been  posted  in  advance  as  skirmishers ;  and,  when  his  heroic  regiment 
was  ordered  to  make  the  charge  in  which  half  their  number  were  cut 
down,  he  had  just  started  to  advance,  when  he  fell,  with  the  upper  por 
tion  of  his  thigh  shattered  into  many  pieces  by  a  bullet.  His  remains 
were  interred  at  New  Bedford.  Few  officers  of  his  rank  were  more 
serviceable  than  this  brave  young  man.  Though  but  twenty-two 
years  of  age,  he  had  a  thorough  manliness  of  character,  in  harmony 
with  his  tall,  strong  form  ;  and  this,  with  his  personal  dignity  and  un 
failing  courage,  gained  him  the  respect  of  his  men,  and  gave  him 
unusual  success  in  keeping  them  cool  and  steady  in  action." 

A  sketch  of  his  life  is  given  in  "  Harvard  Memorial,"  ii.  261-274. 

CHARLES  PAINE  HORTON,  son  of  Henry  K.  and  Helen  M.  (Barnes) 
Horton,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  1  Oct.,  1837.  Fitted  for  college 
at  Chauncy  Hall,  Boston,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1857.  Was 
in  business  at  the  South,  but  returned,  and  was  commissioned  second 
lieutenant  in  the  Second,  28  May,  1861 ;  first  lieutenant,  1  Nov. 
He  was  upon  Colonel  Gordon's  staff  a  short  period,  when  that  officer 
was  in  command  of  the  brigade  in  the  fall  of  1861 ;  and  again  in  the 
spring  of  1862,  serving  as  such  in  Banks's  retreat,  when  he  had  his 
"horse  shot  under  him,  —  as  he  usually  did  in  battle  ;  and  was  men 
tioned  by  General  Gordon  for  "  efficiency,  and  gallant  services  in 
action."  He  was  upon  General  Greene's  staff  when  that  officer  was 
assigned  to  the  command  of  the  brigade,  and  continued  with  him 
when  the  general  was  transferred  to  another  command.  Assistant 
adjutant-general  with  the  rank  of  captain,  17  July,  1862.  He  was,  as 
such,  in  the  battles  of  Cedar  Mountain,  Antietam,  and  Gettysburg. 
He  also  served  as  aide  to  General  Heintzelman,  being  appointed  24 
Aug.,  1863.  He  remained  in  service  until  October,  1865. 

RUFUS  CHOATE,  only  son  of  (Hon.)  Rufus  and  Helen  (daughter 
of  Hon.  Mills  Olcott,  of  Hanover,  N.H.)  Choate,  was  born  in  Salem, 
Mass.,  14  May,  1834,  from  which  place  his  father  soon  removed  to 
Boston.  Fitted  for  college  at  the  Boston  Latin  School,  and  graduated 
at  Amherst  in  1855.  Studied  law  with  his  father,  and  at  the  Law 


COMMISSIONED   OFFICERS.  495 

School  (being  absent  in  Europe  in  1858) ;  and  commenced  practice  as 
a  partner  of  his  father  and  J.  M.  Bell.  After  the  death  of  the  former 
in  1859,  he  joined  Henry  F.  Durant  in  practice,  in  which  he  continued 
until  the  spring  of  1861,  when  he  entered  the  army.  Commissioned 
second  lieutenant  (Company  I),  28  May;  first  lieutenant,  13  Dec., 
1861 ;  captain,  17  Aug.,  1862.  He  was  in  Banks's  retreat,  at  Cedar 
Mountain,  and  at  Antietam.  Severe  and  long-continued  neuralgia, 
contracted,  or  at  least  greatly  aggravated,  by  exposure  in  the  mala 
rious  districts,  forced  him  to  resign,  31  Oct.,  1862.  His  disease  in 
creased,  affecting  the  brain ;  and,  after  intense  suffering,  he  died, 
25  Jan.,  1866,  at  the  house  of  his  brother-in-law,  Edward  E.  Pratt,  in 
Dorchester. 

The  "  Boston  Traveller "  said :  "  When  our  civil  war  broke  out, 
Mr.  Choate  was  in  the  practice  of  the  law  in  this  city,  having,  for  a 
young  man  just  starting  in  his  profession,  a  large  clientage.  Every 
thing  looked  prosperously  for  him.  There  was  every  inducement, 
selfishly  speaking,  for  him  to  remain  at  home.  But  the  echoes  from 
Sumter  had  scarcely  ceased  before  he  had  offered  his  services  to  the 
government,  —  '  for  the  war.' 

"  He  was  determined,  to  use  his  own  language,  '  to  see  the  thing 
through/  and  for  this  reason,  among  others,  joined  the  Second  Massa 
chusetts  Regiment,  which  was,  we  believe,  the  first  in  the  country 
organized  for  that  length  of  time.  Mr.  Choate  remained  with  his 
regiment  till  the  autumn  of  1862,  when  the  disease,  which  attacked 
him  shortly  after  he  joined  the  army,  compelled  him  to  resign  his 
commission. 

"  He  returned  to  his  home,  hoping  that  in  a  few  months  his  health 
would  be  sufficiently  restored  to  enable  him  again  to  join  his  regiment. 
But  this  hope  was  not  to  be  realized. 

"  His  sufferings  during  the  last  four  years  have  been  almost  unin 
terrupted  and  almost  incredible.  Death  is  to  him  literally  a  release. 
Yet  during  the  whole  he  showed  the  same  sweetness  of  temper,  the 
same  patience,  the  same  uncomplainingness,  that  had  always  charac 
terized  him.  'And  yet  they  say  I  suffer/  said  he,  when  the  horrors 
of  Andersonville  were  read  to  him.  Through  these  four  long  and 
dreary  years  he  completely  ignored  his  own  sufferings,  except  when 
he  tried  to  show  their  lightness  when  compared  with  those  of  others. 

"  The  testimony  of  his  brother  officers,  as  of  all  who  had  ever 
known  him  well,  is  unanimous  as  to  his  wit,  his  humor,  and  his  unfail 
ing  humanity.  And,  indeed,  the  son  of  his  father  took  these  by 
inheritance.  When  he  resigned  his  commission,  one  of  them  wrote, 
'  Choate  has  left,  and  with  him  goes  the  life  of  the  regiment.  No 
more  fun  now,  but  simple  duty/ 


496      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

"  At  the  battle  of  Cedar  Mountain,  he  and  three  other  officers  of 
the  same  regiment  were  so  ill,  that  none  but  themselves  thought 
of  their  taking  part  in  the  impending  conflict.  Not  so  they,  how 
ever.  They  were  helped  or  carried  on  to  the  field.  One  present 
wrote :  — 

"'All  our  officers  behaved  nobly.  Those  who  ought  to  have  stayed 
away,  wouldn't.  Goodwin,  Gary,  Choate,  and  Stephen  Perkins  were  all 
quite  ill,  but  would  not  stay  away  from  the  fight.  Ghoate  is  the  only 
one  of  the  four  not  killed.  It  was  splendid  to  see  those  sick  fellows 
walk  right  up  into  that  shower  of  bullets,  as  if  it  were  so  much 
rain.' " 

JAMES  MARCH  ELLIS,  son  of  Granville  and  Mary  Ann  (March) 
Ellis,  was  born  in  Boston,  23  Nov.,  1835.  Fitted  for  college  at  the 
Boston  Latin  School,  and  graduated  at  Amherst  in  1856.  Studied  law 
with  Thornton  Lothrop,  Esq.,  and  at  the  Cambridge  Law  School ;  was 
in  Europe  in  1857 ;  admitted  to  practice  in  1858,  and  opened  an  office 
in  Boston.  Second  lieutenant,  28  May,  1861 ;  commissary  of  subsist 
ence,  with  the  rank  of  captain,  22  Nov.,  1861,  and  assigned  to  duty 
with  General  Abercrombie,  with  whom  he  had  been  serving  since 
8  Sept.  Was  afterwards  with  General  Hartsuff,  in  the  Department  of 
the  Gulf;  and  chief  commissary  of  the  Twenty-third  Corps,  with  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  Left  service  in  July,  1865. 

EGBERT  BANCROFT  BROWN,  son  of  Robert  (late  of  Salem)  and 
Mary  (Cleaveland)  Brown,  was  born  in  Salem,  Mass.,  19  April,  1840. 
Was  educated  at  Salem  High  School.  Commenced  reading  law  in 
the  office  of  S.  C.  Bancroft,  Esq.,  22  March,  1859.  Second  lieutenant, 
28  May,  1861;  first  lieutenant,  28  Nov.,  1861.  He  was  on  duty  at 
General  Banks's  headquarters,  in  the  quartermaster's  department,  in 
the  spring  of  1862 ;  but  was  relieved,  at  his  own  request,  immediately 
after  the  battle  of  Cedar  Mountain,  to  return  to  the  regiment.  Was 
appointed  regimental  quartermaster,  1  Sept.,  1862;  captain,  23  Oct., 
1862.  He  remained  with  the  regiment  until  the  war  was  ended, 
having  been  in  command  at  Atlanta  and  in  South  Carolina.  Though 
in  most  of  the  battles  of  the  regiment,  he  was  never  wounded.  The 
war  being  ended,  he  resigned  his  commission,  15  April,  1865,  being 
then  senior  captain.  He  had  been  admitted  to  the  bar,  in  Salem,  in 
February,  1864. 

ANSON  DAVID  SAWYER,  son  of  David  (late  of  Tinmouth)  and 
Lucretia  (Stafford)  Sawyer,  was  born  in  Tinmouth,  Vt.,  17  Feb., 
1833.  He  went  to  Boston  in  1852.  Was  receiving  officer  at  the 
House  of  Correction  from  5  Sept.,  1852,  to  March,  1861.  Second 
lieutenant  in  the  Second,  28  May,  1861;  first  lieutenant,  25  Dec., 
1861 ;  captain,  9  Nov.,  1862.  The  last-named  he  declined,  and  was 


COMMISSIONED    OFFICERS.  497 

appointed  quartermaster,  1  Jan.,  1863.     This  position  he  held  until 
ill  health  made  it  necessary  for  him  to  resign,  3  Nov.,  1864. 

STEPHEN  GEORGE  PERKINS,  son  of  Stephen  H.  and  Sarah  (Sulli 
van)  Perkins,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  18  Sept.,  1835.  Fitted  for 
college  under  the  instruction  of  Thomas  G.  Bradford  and  William  P. 
Atkinson,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1856,  having  entered  in  1851, 
and  heing  absent  one  year.  Went  to  Europe  in  November,  1856,  and 
returned  in  October,  1857.  Entered  the  Cambridge  Law  School  in 
March,  1858  ;  the  Scientific  School,  as  student  in  mathematics,  in 
1859,  where  he  remained  until  the  war  commenced.  Second  lieu 
tenant,  8  July,  1861 ;  first  lieutenant,  11  July,  1862.  He  was  killed 
in  the  battle  of  Cedar  Mountain,  9  Aug.,  1862,  and  buried  at  Alex 
andria. 

A  sketch  of  his  life  is  given  in  "  Harvard  Memorial,"  i.  373-382. 
FLETCHER  MORTON  ABBOTT,  son  of  (Hon.)  Josiah  G.  and  Caro 
line  (Livermore)  Abbott,  was  born  in  Lowell,  Mass.,  18  Feb.,  1843. 
Educated  at  St.  Paul's  School  (Rev.  Dr.  Coit),  Corfcord.  N.H.,  which 
he  had  just  left  when  his  brother  (Edward  G.)  — in  April,  1861 — was 
raising  Company  A,  in  which  he  was  chosen  a  lieutenant.  He  was 
appointed  second  lieutenant  (Company  D),  8  July,  1861;  first  lieu 
tenant,  13  June,  1862.  Served  in  Banks's  retreat,  Cedar  Mountain, 
and  Antietam.  Was  appointed  on  the  staff  of  Brigadier-general 
William  I) wight,  and  accompanied  him  to  Louisiana,  and  passed 
through  the  campaigns  of  1862-63  ;  present  at  all  the  engagements  and 
most  of  the  skirmishes  of  that  winter  and  spring;  at  Port  Hudson 
during  its  siege,  having  previously  accompanied  General  Dwight  on 
his  mission  to  General  Grant,  and  being  present  at  the  first  assault 
on  Vicksburg.  In  the  latter  part  of  the  fall  of  1863,  chronic  disease, 
contracted  in  faithful  discharge  of  duty,  made  it  necessary  for  him  to 
resign,  23  Dec.,  1863. 

JAMES  INGERSOLL  GRAFTON,  son  of  Joseph  (a  major  in  the  war  of 
1812)  and  Maria  (Gurley)  Grafton,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  16 
June,  1841.  Fitted  for  college  under  private  tutors,  and  entered 
Harvard  in  1858.  Left  college  to  enter  the  service ;  was  appointed 
second  lieutenant  in  the  Second,  1  Nov.,  1861,  and  joined  the  regi 
ment  at  Frederick;  first  lieutenant,  21  July,  1862;  captain,  9  Nov., 
1862.  He  was  wounded  in  the  head,  at  the  battle  of  Cedar  Moun 
tain  ;  returned  to  duty,  1  Oct.,  1862.  He  was  wounded  at  Chancel- 
lorsville  in  the  leg,  above  the  knee,  and  the  ankle-bone  of  right  leg 
struck ;  returned  before  fully  well.  At  the  battle  of  Averysborough, 
N.C.,  16  March,  1865,  the  last  action  of  the  regiment,  he  was  killed. 
It  was  on  the  skirmish  line,  which  was  but  a  short  distance  in  ad 
vance.  The  enemy  was  so  near,  and  his  fire  so  close,  that  it  required 

32 


498      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

the  greatest  exertion  to  hold  him  until  the  necessary  relief  should 
arrive  to  attack  his  position.  Captain  Grafton  had  command  of  about 
twenty  men,  his  own  company  and  another,  and  worked  hard  with 
them  against  heavy  odds,  until  he  was  struck  in  the  leg.  He  started 
to  the  rear,  but  in  his  anxiety  to  do  his  whole  duty,  turned  back  to 
give  some  last  instructions  to  his  men,  and  received  a  mortal  wound 
in  the  neck.  He  was  seen  staggering  back,  and  was  helped  to  the 
rear ;  but  he  never  spoke,  and  died  in  a  few  minutes.  "  He  could  not 
have  found  a  nobler  death,"  says  the  historian  of  the  Great  March, 
"  nor  could  we  have  lost  a  nobler  soul." 

A  notice  of  him  is  given  in  "  The  Story  of  the  Great  March ; " 
and  a  sketch  of  his  life  is  given  in  "Harvard  Memorial,"  ii.  283-288. 

EUGENE  EDWARD  SHELTON,  son  of  Philo  S.  and  ...(...) 
Shelton,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  28  Dec.,  1840.  Educated  at 
Boston  High  and  Latin  Schools.  Second  lieutenant,  1  Nov.,  1861 ; 
first  lieutenant,  21  July,  1862 ;  adjutant,  13  Aug.,  1862.  He  went  to 
New  Orleans  on  the  staff  of  Brigadier-general  Andrews,  in  the  win 
ter  of  1862-63,  and  was  appointed  Commissary  of  Subsistence,  with 
rank  of  captain,  19  Feb.,  1863.  He  was  subsequently  wounded,  while 
in  service  at  the  South.  [See  "Additions."] 

DANIEL  OAKEY,  son  of  William  F.  (of  New  York)  and  Sally  (Sul 
livan)  Oakey,  was  born  in  New-York  City,  5  July,  1842.  Second 
lieutenant,  30  Nov.,  1861;  first  lieutenant,  23  July,  1862;  captain,  20 
March,  1863.  He  was  seriously  wounded  at  Cedar  Mountain ;  re 
turned  to  duty,  11  Sept.,  1862.  He  served  through  the  war,  in  com 
mand  of  Company  D,  being  in  every  action.  He  resigned,  3  July, 
1865,  and  entered  into  business  in  New  York. 

JOHN  ANDREWS  Fox,  son  of  (Rev.)  Thomas  B.  and  Feroline  W. 
(Pierce)  Fox,  was  born  in  Newburyport,  Mass.,  23  Dec.,  1835.  Was 
civil  engineer,  1854  to  1858 ;  then  architect,  until  the  war  opened. 
Second  lieutenant,  6  Jan.,  1862;  first  lieutenant,  10  Aug.,  1862;  adju 
tant,  1  Jan.,  1863,  in  which  position  he  served  to  the  end  of  the  war, 
declining  promotion.  In  all  the  battles  during  his  term  of  service, 
and  how  faithfully,  all  will  remember ;  but  never  wounded.  He  was 
mustered  out,  26  July,  1865.  Returned  to  the  profession  of  archi 
tect. 

HENRY  BRUCE  SCOTT,  son  of  Benjamin  H.  and  Sarah  (Carlisle) 
Scott,  was  born  in  Peru,  Ind.,  15  March,  1839.  Graduated  at  Harvard 
College  in  1860,  and  began  the  study  of  law.  Second  lieutenant,  16 
Jan.,  1862.  Appointed  assistant  adjutant-general,  with  rank  of  cap 
tain,  17  July,  1862,  and  attached  to  staff  of  General  Gordon.  Was 
wounded,  in  the  head,  at  Chancellorsville.  He  afterwards  served  in 
the  Army  of  the  James.  He  was  appointed  major  in  the  Fourth 


COMMISSIONED    OFFICERS.  499 

Massachusetts  Cavalry,  18  Jan.,  1865;  lieutenant-colonel,  23  April, 
1865,  and  mustered  out,  14  Nov.,  1865. 

FRANCIS  WELCH  CROWNINSHIELD,  son  of  Edward  Augustus  and 
Caroline  Maria  ( Welch)  Crowninshield,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  12 
May,  1843.  Fitted  for  college  at  Boston  Latin  School.  In  1856-58 
was  in  Europe.  Entered  Harvard  in  1860,  but  left  to  enter  the  array. , 
Second  lieutenant,  25  Dec.,  1861;  first  lieutenant,  10  Aug.,  1862; 
captain,  30  March,  1863.  Wounded  at  Winchester,  in  leg,  25  May, 
1862;  returned,  17  Aug.  Wounded  at  Antietam,  in  leg,  17  Sept., 
1862 ;  returned  in  Jan.,  1863.  At  Chancellorsville,  was  bruised  by  a 
spent  ball,  which  struck  him  in  the  chest.  Severely  wounded  at 
Gettysburg,  3  July,  1863 ;  returned,  28  Nov.,  I860.  Wounded  in  the 
leg,  near  Raccoon  Creek,  in  the  Atlanta  campaign,  6  June,  1864,  but 
rejoined  in  November,  and  served  through  the  war.  Appointed 
major,  24  July,  1865,  but  not  mustered  as  such.  After  the  muster- 
out,  he  went  to  Europe,  hoping  to  repair  a  constitution  shattered  by 
wounds  and  hardships.  But  the  hope  proved  fallacious  ;  and  he  died, 
at  Rome,  21  May,  1866,  of  disease  contracted  in  the  line  of  duty. 
Enthusiastic  and  ardent,  brave  and  generous. 

A  sketch  appears  in  "  Harvard  Memorial,"  ii.  456-460. 

EVERETT  WILSON  PATTISON,  son  of  (Rev.  Dr.)  Robert  E.  and 
...(...)  Pattison,  was  born  in  Waterville,  Me.,  22  Feb.,  1839. 
Fitted  for  college  at  Pierce  Academy,  Middleboro',  Mass.,  gradu 
ated  at  Waterville  in  1858.  After  teaching  in  academies,  was 
reading  law  in  1861.  Enlisted  as  private,  Company  I,  27  May,  1861 ; 
and  first  sergeant.  Second  lieutenant,  4  Feb.,  1862 ;  first  lieutenant, 
10  Aug.,  1862.  Was  long  attached  to  General  Williams's  staff  as  com 
missary  of  musters.  Captain,  13  Sept.,  1863.  Was  mustered  out, 
28  May,  1865.  At  St.  Louis,  practising  law. 

GEORGE  FRANKLIN  BROWNING,  son  of  George  B.  and  Elizabeth  B. 
(Patterson)  Browning,  was  born  in  Salem,  Mass.,  21  April,  1837. 
Enlisted  in  the  Second,  13  May,  1861,  and  first  sergeant  of  Com 
pany  C.  Quartermaster-sergeant  in  October,  1861.  Second  lieutenant, 
14  Feb.,  1862,  in  Company  C ;  first  lieutenant,  9  Aug.,  1862.  While 
in  command  of  Company  C,  he  was  severely  wounded,  9  Aug.,  1862, 
at  Cedar  Mountain.  The  wound  (in  the  right  hip)  caused  permanent 
lameness,  and  he  was  discharged,  23  Dec.,  1862.  First  lieutenant  in 
the  Invalid  Corps,  First  Regiment,  13  June,  1863.  In  December,  1866, 
was  quartermaster  upon  the  staff  of  General  Swayne,  Bureau  of  Refu 
gees  and  Freedmen,  Department  of  Alabama.  He  was  married  at 
Winchester,  Va.,  in  1862. 

ADAM  MILLER,  son  of  John  C.  (late  of  Stockbridge,  Mass.),  was 
born  in  HofFenbroebrach,  Bavaria,  9  July,  1839 ;  came  to  Stockbridge 


500      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

in  1842.  Enlisted  as  private,  Company  D,  21  May,  1861 ;  sergeant, 
15  June,  1861;  second  lieutenant^  13  June,  1862;  first  lieutenant,  10 
Aug.K1862.  Was  severely  wounded,  in  face,  at  Cedar  Mountain,  and 
prisoner;  paroled,  24  Sept.,  1862,  and  left  Richmond,  that  day,  reach 
ing  the  regiment,  28  Nov.  But  he  was  unable,  from  wounds,  to  dis- 
.  charge  his  duties,  and  resigned,  30  Dec.  He  was  afterwards  an 
officer  in  the  Veteran  Reserve  Corps. 

He  was  married,  in  the  fall  of  1862,  to  Miss  Heath,  of  Lee,  at 
Darnestovvn,  Md. 

ALBERT  WATSON  POWERS,  son  of  John  H.  and  Clarissa  (Patrick) 
Powers,  was  born  in  Warren,  Mass.,  1  Nov.,  1839.  In  a  mercantile 
house  in  1861.  Enlisted  as  private  in  Company  G,  15  May,  1861,  and 
made  sergeant;  first  sergeant  in  H,  20  Dec.,  1861.  Wounded  in  leg, 
at  Cedar  Mountain,  and  in  arm,  at  Chancellorsville.  Second  lieuten 
ant,  12  July,  1862;  first  lieutenant,  23  Oct.,  1862;  captain,  1  Nov., 
1862.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864. 

EDWARD  AUGUSTUS  PHALEN,  son  of  Lawrence  (late  of  Boston) 
and  Anne  (Johnson)  Phalen,  was  born  in  Salem,  Mass.,  17  June, 
1840.  At  High  Schools  in  Danvers  and  Salem.  Enlisted  in  Company 
C,  20  April,  1861 ;  sergeant,  22  May ;  first  sergeant,  9  Oct. ;  second 
lieutenant,  13  July,  1862;  first  lieutenant,  9  Nov.,  1862;  captain,  31 
March,  1863.  Was  wounded,  severely,  at  Cedar  Mountain;  returned, 
15  March,  1863.  Mustered  out,  28  May,  1864. 

CHARLES  JAMES  MILLS,  son  of  Charles  H.  and  Anna  Cabot  Lowell 
(Dwight)  Mills,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  8  Jan.,  1841.  Graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1860,  and  entered  the  Scientific  School,  to  study 
engineering.  Second  lieutenant  in  the  Second,  14  Aug.,  1862,  and 
joined  for  duty  at  Culpepper,  Aug.  17 ;  first  lieutenant,  17  Aug., 
1862.  Was  acting  adjutant  in  the  battle  of  Antietam,  and  was  so 
severely  wounded  in  the  leg  as  never  wholly  to  recover.  Was  dis 
charged  for  disability,  18  March,  1863.  As  soon  as  able,  he  re-entered 
the  service,  as  first  lieutenant  and  adjutant  of  the  Fifty -sixth  Massa 
chusetts,  22  Aug.,  1863 ;  captain,  7  July,  1864.  Was  appointed  assistant 
adjutant-general,  with  the  rank  of  captain,  6  Aug.,  1864.  Was  as 
signed  to  headquarters  of  Ninth  Corps,  and  afterwards  of  the  Second 
Corps.  He  was  killed  in  action,  31  March,  1865,  at  Hatcher's  Run, 
while  on  the  staff  of  Major-General  Humphrey.  He  was  buried  at 
Forest-Hills  Cemetery. 

The  "  Boston  Transcript "  said :  "  Youthful  in  appearance,  Major 
Mills  exhibited  qualities  of  a  noble  manhood.  His  ambition  to  be  a 
good  soldier  and  to  fight  bravely  for  the  national  flag  was  gratified,  by 
his  zeal,  perseverance,  faithfulness,  and  unflinching  courage.  His  mili 
tary  career,  though  brief,  was  brilliant.  He  met  the  hardships  and 


^ 


COMMISSIONED    OFFICERS.  501 

sufferings  of  his  profession  bravely,  and  faced  death  without  fear.  He 
belonged  to  that  large  body  of  the  young  men  of  Massachusetts,  who, 
by  education  and  conviction,  were  prepared  to  enter  upon  the  uncon 
genial  work  of  war,  conscientiously  and  from  principle,  when  the 
rebellion  lifted  the  sword  to  destroy  the  unity  and  free  institutions  of 
the  republic." 

A  sketch  of  his  life  appears  in  "Harvard  Memorial,"  ii.  141-150. 

THOMAS  BAYLEY  Fox,  Jim.,  son  of  (Rev.)  Thomas  Bay  ley  and 
Feroline  Walley  (Pierce)  Fox,  was  born  in  Newburyport,  Mass., 
1  Feb.,  1839.  Was  fitted  for  college  at  the  Dorchester  High  School ; 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  I860,  near  the  head  of  the  class,  and  was 
chosen  class  orator.  He  began  the  study  of  law  in  the  offices  of  Hon. 
John  A.  Andrew  and  A.  G.  Browne,  and  entered  the  Law  School  at 
Cambridge.  Was  commissioned  second  lieutenant  in  the  Second, 
14  Aug.,  1862,  and  joined,  the  same  month,  on  the  Rappahannock,  in 
charge  of  recruits,  and  was  kept  in  charge  of  them  until  near  the  time 
of  the  battle  of  Antietam,  when  he  was  assigned  to  duty  with  Com 
pany  C,  with  which  he  fought  in  that  battle.  First  lieutenant,  1  Nov., 
1862;  captain,  6  June,  1863.  He  was  at  Chancellorsville,  Beverly 
Ford,  and  Gettysburg.  His  bold  service  with  Company  K,  in  the 
darkness  of  the  night,  July  2,  has  been  referred  to.  On  the  3d  of 
May,  1863,  in  the  centre  of  the  meadow,  he  was  hit  in  the  left  ankle. 
Of  this  wound  he  died,  at  Dorchester,  25  July.  He  was  buried  at 
Forest  Hills  Cemetery,  28  July. 

"  Another  hero  has  fallen,"  said  Chaplain  Humphreys,  at  his 
funeral.  "  Another  lover  of  his  country  has  sealed  his  devotion  with 
his  life.  Let  us  not  weep.  The  sacrifice  was  willing.  .  .  .  His  fitting 
monument  is  his  remembered  life.  .  .  .  The  record  of  his  life  is  sim 
ple,  but  it  is  the  simplicity  of  purity  and  nobleness.  ...  A  casual 
acquaintance  did  not  see  his  best  qualities.  He  was  so  frank,  that  he 
would  not  conceal  his  worst  side  ;  and  so  strong  in  his  conscious  integ 
rity,  that  he  cared  not  to  put  forward  his  best  side."  In  his  service 
with  the  Second,  no  one  saw  a  "  worst  side"  in  this  genial  and  cheer 
ful  officer;  although  it  took  time  to  fully  appreciate  the  noble  and  gen 
erous  qualities,  and  the  force  of  character,  which  his  modesty  covered. 
His  brief  service  was  long  enough  to  show  a  devotion  to  duty  which 
was  entire,  ability  sufficient  for  any  emergency,  and  to  make  a  record 
brave  and  bright. 

JOHN  FRANCIS  GEORGE,  son  of  Edward  0.  (of  Lowell)  and  Ruth 
G.  (Carter)  George,  was  born  in  Boscawen,  N.H.,  29  Aug.,  1838. 
Learned  business  of  iron-machinist.  Enlisted  in  Company  A,  11  May, 
1861,  and  was  made  sergeant.  Was  color  sergeant,  and  carried  the 
colors  at  Cedar  Mountain,  9  Aug.,  1862;  second  lieutenant,  10  Aug., 


502      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

1862 ;  first  lieutenant,  25  Dec.,  1862 ;  captain,  4  July,  1863.  Mustered 
out  28  May,  1864. 

NATHAN  DANE  APPLETON  SAWYER,  son  of  Leverett  A.  and  Mar 
tha  A.  (Kehew)  Sawyer,  was  born  in  Salem,  Mass.,  25  Feb.,  1839. 
At  school  in  Salem  ;  at  the  West  four  years ;  in  business  in  Nashua, 
N.H.,  one  year.  Enlisted  in  Company  A,  11  May,  1861 ;  corporal,  25 
May  ;  sergeant,  12  Feb.,  1862;  second  lieutenant,  10  Aug.,  1862;  first 
lieutenant,  31  Dec.,  1862;  captain,  7  July,  1863.  Was  wounded  at 
Winchester  (ball  through  the  body)  ;  returned,  13  Sept.,  1862. 
Wounded  at  Gettysburg.  Severely  wounded  at  Peach-Tree  Creek, 
22  July,  1864 ;  and  resigned  from  disability,  15  May,  1865.  He  was 
then  appointed  military  storekeeper,  quartermaster's  department,  with 
rank  of  captain  of  infantry,  28  Sept.,  1865,  and  stationed  in  Boston. 

GKORGE  LORING  BINNEY,  son  of  Charles  J.  F.  and  Clarissa  (daugh 
ter  of  Dea.  George  Loring,  of  Duxbury,  Mass.)  Binney,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  2  Sept.,  1840.  Enlisted  in  Company  H,  11  May,  1861, 
and  detailed  as  quartermaster's  clerk.  Appointed  quartermaster- 
sergeant,  15  March,  1862.  Second  lieutenant,  10  Aug.,  1862;  first 
lieutenant,  19  March,  1863.  Detached  to  corps  quartermaster's  de 
partment,  1  March,  1863.  He  served  as  aide  to  General  Slocum,  at 
the  battle  of  Chancellorsville.  Detailed  as  aide  to  General  Kuger, 
18  April,  1864;  and  again,  7  Nov.,  1864,  going  with  that  general  into 
the  department  of  the  Ohio,  and  served  with  him  during  the  re 
mainder  of  the  war.  He  was  brevetted  captain,  and  also  major, 
United-States  Volunteers,  to  date  from  13  March,  1865,  "for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Franklin."  Mustered  out,  26 
July,  1865. 

GERALD  FITZGERALD,  son  of  William  P.  N.  (of  New  York)  and 
Sarah  A.  (Goodyear)  Fitzgerald,  was  born  in  Troy,  N.Y.,  6  Sept., 
1835.  Educated  at  sub-department  of  Georgetown  College,  D.C. 
Entered  Cambridge  Divinity  School  in  1855;  spent  the  year  1857-58 
in  Europe;  graduated  in  1859,  and  was  ordained  minister  (Unitarian). 
Enlisted  in  Twelfth  Massachusetts,  24  April,  1861,  where  he  was 
sergeant-major.  Second  lieutenant  in  the  Second,  25  Aug.,  1862; 
first  lieutenant,  20  March,  1863.  He  fell  at  Chancellorsville,  —  a  cul 
tivated  scholar,  a  brave  officer,  and  a  courteous  man,  —  3  May,  1863, 
and  buried  on  the  field. 

JAMES  KENT  STONE,  son  of  (Rev.  Dr.)  John  S.  and  Mary  (Kent) 
Stone,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  10  Nov.,  1840.  Fitted  for  college 
at  Boston  Latin  School;  entered  at  Harvard  in  1856;  left  in  1857,  and 
went  to  Europe  for  a  year ;  returned  to  Harvard,  and  remained  until 
near  the  close  of  senior  year,  when  he  went  to  Germany,  and  spent  a 
year  at  Gottingen.  Was  teacher  in  Boston  Latin  School  until  4  Aug., 


COMMMISSIONED    OFFICERS.  503 

1862,  when  he  enlisted  as  private  in  Company  C.     Corporal,  October, 

1862.  Second  lieutenant  to  date  10  Aug.,   1862.     Was  obliged  to 
resign,  from  disability  contracted  in  service,  9  Jan.,  1863.     He  was 
subsequently  appointed  professor  in  Kenyon  College. 

GEORGE  AUGUSTINE  THAYER,  son  of  Elihu  and  Elizabeth  (Tir- 
rell)  Thayer,  was  born  in  Randolph,  Mass.,  6  Dec.,  1889.  At  school 
at  Hollis  Institute,  South  Braintree.  Taught  in  various  academies. 
Second  lieutenant,  16  Oct.,  1862;  first  lieutenant,  29  April,  1863; 
captain,  26  July,  1863.  Served  throughout  the  war,  being  in  the  va 
rious  battles,  and  was  mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 

ERASTUS  BURBANK  CARLL,  son  of  Nathaniel  and  Frances  (Woods) 
Carll,  was  born  in  Unity,  Me.,  8  Nov.,  1830.  Enlisted,  5  Dec.,  1850, 
in  United-States  army,  to  join  the  Second  Dragoons,  but  was  trans 
ferred  to  Battery  G,  Fourth  Artillery ;  served  at  Fort  Leaven  worth,  in 
Sioux  campaign,  and  in  General  Harney's  expedition,  until  5  Dec., 
1855.  Was  in  business  until  May,  1861.  Enlisted,  11  May,  1861, 
and  commissary-sergeant.  Second  lieutenant,  23  Oct.,  1862;  first 
lieutenant,  1  April,  1863.  Mustered  out  28  May,  1864.  He  was 
married,  in  1859,  to  Mary  E.  Galvin,  of  Boston. 

THEODORE  KENDALL  PARKER,  son  of  Gilman  D.  and  Sarah  (Fos 
ter)  Parker,  was  born  in  Brighton,  Mass.,  3  Sept.,  1841.  Was  in  iron 
work  at  Winchendon.  Enlisted  in  Company  D,  11  May,  1861,  and 
first  sergeant.  Taken  prisoner  at  Winchester,  25  May,  1862,  and 
taken  to  Belle  Isle ;  returned  24  Oct.  Second  lieutenant,  24  Oct., 
1862 ;  first  lieutenant,  31  March,  1863 ;  captain,  24  May,  1864.  Was 
wounded,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg.  Mustered  out  with  the  regi 
ment. 

DENIS  MEHAN,  son  of  John  and  Mary  (Gorigan)  Mehan,  was 
born  in  Salem,  Mass.,  25  Dec.,  1843.  At  school,  in  New  York.  Was 
in  shoe  business.  Enlisted  in  Company  C,  in  April,  1861.  Marker, 
in  1861;  corporal,  26  July,  1862;  sergeant,  29  July,  1861;  first 
sergeant,  1  Sept.,  1862;  second  lieutenant,  9  Nov.,  1862;  first  lieuten 
ant,  4  May,  1863;  captain,  24  May,  1864.  Was  wounded,  3  July, 

1863,  at  Gettysburg.     Mustered  out  with  the  regiment  in  July,  1865. 
HEXRY    NEWTON    COMEY,    son   of    Elbridge    G.    and   Abigail  J. 

(Pierce)  Comey,  was  born  in  Hopkinton,  Mass.,  4  March,  1840.  At 
school  in  Hopkinton.  Enlisted  in  G,  in  May,  1861.  Corporal,  2 
June,  1862;  sergeant,  1  Nov.,  1862;  second  lieutenant,  to  date  from 
1  Nov.,  1862;  first  lieutenant,  6  June,  1863;  captain,  24  May,  1864. 
Was  wounded,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg.  Mustered  out  in  July, 
1865. 

JOSEPH  WILEY  GELRAY,  son  of  Robert  Gelray,  was  born  28  Feb., 
1840,  in  Manchester,  England.  Came  to  America  in  1844.  Was 


504      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

printer,  in  Lowell,  Mass.,  and  Richmond,  Va.  Enlisted  in  A,  11  May, 
1861.  Corporal,  25  May,  1861 ;  transferred,  as  sergeant,  to  Com 
pany  H,  22  Dec.,  1861.  Wounded,  severely,  in  right  shoulder  and 
right  thigh,  17  Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam.  Second  lieutenant,  25  Dec., 
1862;  first  lieutenant,  4  July,  1863.  Wounded,  3  July;  1863,  at 
Gettysburg,  in  right  arm,  so  near  the  former  wound  as  to  require 
amputation.  Discharged  13  Oct.,  1864,  to  receive  commission  of 
captain,  dated  25  July,  1864,  in  Fifty-seventh  Massachusetts.  Was 
put  on  General  Bartlett's  staff,  as  assistant  inspector-general.  Was 
appointed,  22  Aug.,  1864,  colonel  of  the  Fifty-ninth  Massachusetts, 
but  the  regiment  was  too  small  to  allow  of  his  being  mustered  as 
such.  Major  in  Fourth  Massachusetts  Heavy  Artillery,  14  Nov., 
1864.  Mustered  out,  17  June,  1865. 

WILLIAM  EDWARD  PERKINS,  son  of  William  and  Catharine  C. 
(Amory)  Perkins,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  23  March,  1838.  Fitted 
for  college  in  care  of  Epes  S.  Dixwell,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1860.  Studied  law  with  Horace  Gray,  jun.,  and  Wilder  Dwight, 
and  at  the  Law  School.  Enlisted  in  Forty-fourth  Massachusetts,  12 
Sept.,  1862,  and  sergeant  in  Company  F.  Second  lieutenant  in 
Second,  26  Jan.,  1863;  first  lieutenant,  7  July,  1863;  captain,  17 
March,  1865.  Wounded,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellors ville ;  returned, 
4  July,  1863.  Mustered  out  in  July,  1865. 

GEORGE  JAMES  THOMPSON,  son  of  (Rev.  Dr.)  James  W.  and  Mary 
J.  (James)  Thompson,  was  born  in  Salem,  Mass.,  10  Sept.,  1839.  At 
school,  under  "  Master  Worcester,"  in  Salem.  Went  a  voyage  to  sea. 
Enlisted  in  Twenty-fourth  Massachusetts,  17  Sept.,  1861,  and  ser 
geant;  first  sergeant,  October,  1862;  served  at  Newbern.  Second 
lieutenant  in  SECOND,  10  Jan.,  1863 ;  first  lieutenant,  26  July,  1863 ; 
captain,  15  April,  1865.  Was  slightly  injured  by  shell,  3  May,  1863, 
at  Chancellorsville,  and  by  ball  in  front  of  Atlanta.  Mustered  out 
with  the  regiment.  Appointed,  in  1867,  second  lieutenant  in  United- 
States  Artillery. 

HENRY  VAN  DYKE  STONE,  son  of  (Rev.  Dr.)  John  S.  and  Mary 
(Kent)  Stone,  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  9  Aug.,  1843.  Fitted  for 
college  in  Brookline,  Mass. ;  entered  Yale  Scientific  School  in  1861. 
Enlisted  in  Company  C,  4  Aug.,  1862.  Corporal,  21  Nov.,  1862 ;  ser 
geant,  1  Jan.,  1863;  second  lieutenant,  20  March,  1863.  He  was 
killed  at  Gettysburg,  3  July,  1863.  A  modest  and  brave  officer. 

JAMES  WARREN  COOK,  son  of  James  D.  and  Rebecca  W.  (Coney) 
Cook,  was  born  in  Reading,  Mass.,  3  Aug.,  1831.  In  business  of  manu 
facturing  furniture,  in  Boston  and  Reading.  Enlisted  in  Company  A, 
11  May,  1861.  Corporal,  14  Aug.,  1861;  sergeant,  14  July,  1862; 
first  sergeant,  27  Dec.,  1862.  Wounded,  in  hand,  24  May,  1862,  at 


COMMISSIONED    OFFICERS.  505 

Kernstown.  Slightly  wounded,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chaneellorsville. 
Second  lieutenant,  19  March,  1863;  first  lieutenant,  13  Sept.,  1863. 
Mustered  out  28  May,  1864.  Was  married,  1  May,  1853,  to  Sarah  J. 
Pinkham,  of  Reading,  Mass. 

FRANCIS  HENRY  LUNDY,  son  of  William  and  Marion  (Steen) 
Lundy,  was  born  in  Manchester,  England,  14  Nov.,  1830.  Enlisted 
in  Eighty-eighth  (British),  in  1851,  and  served  four  years  and  ten 
months;  in  hattles  of  Alma,  Balaclava,  and  Inkermap;  was  sent 
home  to  drill  recruits.  Came  to  Lowell,  Mass.,  December,  1856.  En 
listed  in  Company  B,  in  May,  1861.  Sergeant,  12  Aug.,  1861 ;  first 
sergeant,  1  Nov.,  1862 ;  color-bearer  at  Antietam ;  second  lieutenant, 
30  March,  1863;  first  lieutenant,  24  Dec.,  1863.  Resigned  22  Oct., 
1864.  Was  married,  April,  1859,  to  Sarah  Mansfield,  of  New  York. 

CHARLES  WARREN  THOMAS,  son  of  Sylvanus  and  Sophia  (Kent) 
Thomas,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  26  July,  1841.  At  school  in 
Charlestown,  Mass.  Clerk  in  jobbing  house  when  enlisted,  in  Com 
pany  G,  26  July,  1862.  Corporal,  30  Dec.,  1862;  sergeant,  1  Jan., 
1863 ;  second  lieutenant,  1  April,  1863.  Mustered  out  28  May, 
1864. 

ALBERT  WARREN  MANN,  son  of  Albert  and  Caroline  S.  (Pond) 
Mann,  was  born  in  Wrentham,  Mass.,  14  Aug.,  1836.  In  shoe  busi 
ness  when  enlisted,  in  Company  E,  in  April,  1861.  Sergeant,  25 
May,  1861;  first  sergeant,  13  July,  1861;  sergeant-major,  10  May, 
1862;  second  lieutenant,  31  March,  1863.  Mustered  out,  28  May, 
1864.  Was  married,  11  Sept.,  1860,  to  Mary  A.  Hartshorn,  of  Wai- 
pole,  Mass. 

EDWIN  AUGUSTINE  HOWES,  son  of  Collins  and  Rhoda  (Bangs) 
Howes,  was  born  in  Chatham,  Mass.,  4  Jan.,  1834.  Was  ship-joiner 
in  Essex,  when  enlisted  in  Company  F,  in  May,  1861.  Corporal, 
May,  1861;  sergeant,  2  June,  1862;  commissary  sergeant,  8  Dec., 
1862;  first  lieutenant,  24  May,  1864.  Appointed  quartermaster,  3 
Nov.,  1864,  and  served  until  mustered  out  in  July,  1865.  His  wife 
was  Sophia  E.  Andrews,  of  Essex. 

MOSES  P.  RICHARDSON,  son  of  Samuel  and  Susan  B.  (Persons) 
Richardson,  was  born  in  Woburn,  Mass.,  17  Sept.,  1835.  Was  a 
farmer  in  Winchester.  Enlisted  in  Company  G,  in  May,  1861.  Cor 
poral,  9  Jan.,  1862;  sergeant,  12  Feb.,  1862;  first  sergeant,  19  April, 
1863.  Was  wounded  in  leg,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain;  re 
turned,  26  Oct.  Wounded  in  arm  and  side,  3  July,  1863,  at  Chan 
eellorsville ;  returned  in  ...  1863.  Sergeant-major,  17  July,  1863. 
Re-enlisted,  31  Dec.  1863.  Appointed  second  lieutenant  in  Fifty-fifth 
Massachusetts,  9  June,  1864,  but  declined  commission.  First  lieu 
tenant  in  Second,  to  date  24  May,  1864.  Mustered  out  with  regiment. 


506      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Brevet-captain,  13  March,  1865.  Was  married,  since  the  war,  to 
Sarah  B.  Marsh. 

JESSE  RICHARDSON,  son  of  Samuel  and  Susan  B.  (Persons)  Rich 
ardson,  was  born  in  Woburn,  Mass.,  31  March,  1840.  Was  clerk,  in 
Winchester.  Enlisted  in  Company  G,  8  July,  1862.  Corporal,  29 
Nov.,  1862 ;  first  sergeant,  1  Oct.,  1863.  Wounded  slightly,  in  foot, 
17  Sept.,  1862,  at  Antietam.  Wounded  in  head,  3  July,  1863,  at 
Gettysburg ;.  returned,  1  Sept.  Re-enlisted  31  Dec.,  1863.  First 
lieutenant,  24  May,  1864.  Mustered  out  with  regiment.  Was  mar 
ried,  28  Jan.,  1864,  to  Mary  M.  Pearson. 

WILLIAM  TAYLOR  MCALPINE,  son  of  Peter  and  Mary  (Taylor) 
McAlpine,  was  born  in  Framingham,  Mass.,  20  July,  1840.  Was  in 
carriage-making  business,  in  Lowell,  in  1861.  Enlisted  in  Company 
A,  11  May,  1861 ;  sergeant,  25  April,  1863.  Was  wounded,  9  Aug., 
1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain,  in  arm,  in  thigh,  and  through  the  body. 
Wounded  in  the  head,  3  May,  1863,  at  Chancellorsville ;  returned,  24 
Aug.,  1863.  Re-enlisted  31  Dec.,  1864.  First  lieutenant,  24  May, 
1864.  Mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 

JEDEDIAH  CLARK  THOMPSON,  son  of  Ralph  and  Martha  Ann 
Thompson,  was  born  in  Berkshire,  Vt.,  23  Dec.,  1839.  Parents  moved 
to  New- York  City ;  in  1852,  to  Burlington,  Vt.  He  was  in  Marlboro', 
Mass.,  when  he  enlisted  in  Company  D,  15  May,  1861.  Corporal, 
3  July,  1861 ;  sergeant,  10  July,  1862,  to  11  May,  1863,  when  long 
absent,  wounded.  Corporal,  1  Sept.,  1863 ;  sergeant,  1  Nov.,  1863. 
Wounded  in  hand,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain ;  returned  in 
Aug.,  1863.  Re-enlisted,  31  Dec.,  1863.  Wounded  in  foot,  15  May, 
1864,  at  Resaca.  First  lieutenant,  7  July,  1864.  Mustered  out  with 
regiment.  Went  to  Colorado. 

SAMUEL  STORROW,  son  of  Charles  S.  and  Lydia  (Jackson)  Storrow, 
was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  24  July,  1843.  Entered  Harvard  in  1860 ; 
in  1862,  an  affection  of  the  eyes  rendered  it  necessary  to  refrain  from 
study,  and  he  went  to  Fayal,  —  from  May  1  to  Sept.  1,  when  he  re 
joined  his  class.  Enlisted  in  Forty-fourth  Massachusetts,  20  Sept., 
1862.  Corporal  in  Company  H,  and  served  in  North  Carolina ;  mus 
tered  out  18  June,  1863.  First  lieutenant  in  the  Second,  22  Sept., 
1864,  and  joined  at  Atlanta,  15  Jan.,  1865.  He  was  detailed  as  aide 
to  Brevet  Brigadier-general  Cogswell,  and  so  served  until  his  death. 
He  was  killed  in  action,  16  March,  1865,  at  Averysborough,  N.C.  "A 
brave,  faithful,  intelligent,  and  most  promising  officer,"  wrote  General 
Cogswell.  He  was  buried  near  the  field;  but  his  remains  were  re- 
interred,  6  Jan.,  1866,  at  Mount  Auburn. 

See  sketch  in  "  Harvard  Memorial,"  ii.  462. 

RICHARD  PENDERGAST,  son  of  Isaac  and  Mary  ( )  Pendergnst, 


COMMISSIONED    OFFICERS.  507 

was  born  in  Portland,  Me.,  31  May,  1836.  Resided  in  Lowell,  a  carpen 
ter.  Enlisted  in  Company  A,  11  May,  1861.  Corporal,  January,  1862; 
sergeant,  14  Jan.,  1863  ;  first  sergeant,  25  April,  1863.  Was  wounded 
in  side,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg  ;  returned  to  duty,  24  Aug.  Re- 
enlisted,  31  Dec.,  1863.  Was  wounded  in  right  arm,  severely,  20 
Dec.,  1864,  in  South  Carolina,  near  the  Savannah.  Was  appointed 
first  lieutenant,  23  Oct.,  1864.  Mustered  out  with  regiment. 

WILLIAM  D.  TOOMBS,  was  born  in  West  Boylston,  Mass.,  in  1841. 
Resided  in  West  Boylston.  Enlisted  in  Company  D,  11  May,  1861. 
Re-enlisted,  31  Dec.,  1863.  First  lieutenant,  4  Nov.,  1864.  Mustered 
out  with  regiment. 

JAMES  HANGING,  was  born  in  Dumfries,  Scotland,  in  1840.  Re 
sided  in  Boston.  Enlisted  in  Company  I,  15  May,  1861.  Corporal, 
1  Sept.,  1863.  Wounded  in  neck,  3  July,  1863,  at  Gettysburg.  Re- 
enlisted,  31  Dec.,  1863.  First  lieutenant,  17  March,  1865.  Mustered 
out  with  the  regiment. 

GEORGE  W.  MORSE,  was  born  in  Newport,  Ky.,  in  1842.  Resided 
in  Athol.  Enlisted  in  Company  H,  in  May,  1861.  Corporal,  1  Oct., 
1863.  Taken  prisoner,  at  Winchester,  25  May,  1862 ;  returned,  22 
Oct.  Re-enlisted,  31  Dec.,  1863.  First  lieutenant,  17  March,  1865. 
Mustered  out  with  the  regiment.  Entered  Dartmouth  College. 

WILLIAM  HOWARD  MILES,  son  of  Oliver  H.  and  Rachel  (Decker) 
Miles,  was  born  in  Limerick,  Me.,  2  Dec.,  1836.  Was  an  operative  at 
Lowell,  when  he  enlisted  in  Company  A,  11  May,  1861.  Corporal, 
14  Jan.,  1863 ;  sergeant,  13  July,  1863.  Re-enlisted,  31  Dec.,  1863. 
Sergeant-major,  24  May,  1864.  Was  taken  prisoner  in  the  campaign 
to  the  sea,  but  escaped  in  a  few  days.  First  lieutenant,  15  April, 
1865.  Mustered  out  with  the  regiment. 


The  following  enlisted  men  were  commissioned,  but  never  mus 
tered  in,  as  officers  :  — 

Caleb  H.  Lord,  first  sergeant  of  K,  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from 
24  May,  1864 ;  but  the  commission  had  not  arrived  when  he  died, 
29  June,  1864,  of  wounds  received  19  June. 

Thomas  B.  Thurston,  sergeant-major ;  second  lieutenant,  3  July, 
1865. 

Asa  W.  Emerson,  quartermaster-sergeant ;  first  lieutenant,  3  July, 
1865. 

David  Casey,  commissary-sergeant;  second  lieutenant,  3  July, 
1865. 

And  the  following  first  sergeants,  3  July,  1865,  to  be  second  lieu 
tenants  :  — 


508      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTKY. 

Charles  Hastings,  of  A;  Leander  G.  Bowley,  of  B  ;  Charles  W. 
Edwards,  of  C ;  Edwin  Harlow,  of  E ;  Samuel  L.  Jepson,  of  F ; 
Charles  H.  Heald,  of  G;  Charles  0.  McKinstrey,  of  H;  Andrew 
Voll,  of  K. 

The  following  persons  declined  commissions  :  — 
George  B.  Peck,  of  Boston,  assistant  surgeon,  29  July,  1863,  —  the 
reduced  size  of  the  regiment  not  allowing  of  muster  in. 

Henry  R.  Dalton,  of  Boston,  second  lieutenant,  23  Nov.,  1861. 
Ozias  Goodwin,  jun.,  of  Boston,  second  lieutenant,  14  Aug.,  1862. 


FIELD    AND    STAFF.  509 


III. 

FIELD    AND    STAFF, 


COLONELS.—  George  H.  Gordon,  11  May,  1861,  to  12  June,  1862.  George 
L.  Andrews,  13  June,  1862,  to  9  Nov.,  1862.  Samuel  M.  Quincy, 
9  Nov.,  1862,  to  2  June,  1863.  William  Cogswell,  6  June,  1863, 
to  25  June,  1865.  Charles  F.  Morse,  24  July,  1865 ;  not  mustered  ; 
brev.-col.  U.S.  Vols. 

LIEUTENANT-COLONELS.  —  George  L.  Andrews,  11  May,  1861,  to  13 
June,  1862.  Wilder  Dwight,  13  June,  1862,  to  19  Sept.,  1862. 
James  Savage,  19  Sept.,  1862,  to  22  Sept.,  1862.  William  Cogs 
well,  23  Oct.,  1862,  to  6  June,  1863.  Charles  R.  Mudge,  6  June, 
1863,  to  3  July,  1863.  Charles  F.  Morse,  4  July,  1863,  to  24  July, 
1865.  James  Francis,  24  July,  1865 ;  not  mustered ;  brev.-lieut- 
col.  U.S.  Vols. 

MAJORS.  — Wilder  Dwight,  11  May,  1861,  to  13  June,  1862.  James 
Savage,  13  June,  1862,  to  17  Sept.,  1862.  Samuel  M.  Quincy,  17 
Sept.,  1862,  to  9  Nov.,  1862.  Charles  R.  Mudge,  9  Nov.,  1862,  to 

6  June,  1863.     Charle's  F.  Morse,  6  June,  1863,  to  4  July,  1863, 
James  Francis,  4  July,  1863,  to  24  July,  1865.     Francis  W.  Crown  - 
inshield,  24  July,  1865 ;  not  mustered. 

SURGEONS.— Lucius  M.  Sargent,  jun.,  28  May,  1861,  to  9  Oct.,  1861. 
Francis  Leland,  11  Oct.,  1861,  to  24  Oct.,  1862.  Lincoln  R.  Stone, 

7  Nov.,  1862,  to  20  Nov.,  1863.     William  H.  Heath,  24  April,  1863, 
to  23  Aug.,  1864.     Curtis  E.  Munn,  5  Dec.,  1864,  to  the  end. 

CHAPLAIN.— Alonzo  H.  Quint,  20  June,  1861,  to  28  May,  1864. 

ASSISTANT  SURGEONS.  —  Lincoln  R.  Stone,  1  June,  1861,  to  7  Nov., 
1862.  William  H.  Heath,  24  July,  1862,  to  24  April,  1863.  Joseph 
Wightman,  19  March,  1863,  to  15  June,  1863.  William  Nichols,  jun., 
5  May,  1863,  to  9  Dec.,  1864. 


510  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 

ADJUTANTS.  —  Charles  Wheaton,  jun.,  28  May,  1861,  to  21  July,  1862. 
Eugene  E.  Shelton,  13  Aug.,  1862,  to  1  Jan.,  1863.  John  A.  Fox, 
1  Jan.,  1863,  to  the  end. 

QUARTERMASTERS.  —  R.  Morris  Copeland,  28  May,  1861,  to  27  Nov., 

1861.  Marcus  M.  Hawes,  27  Nov.,  1861,  to  14  July,  1862.    James 
Francis,  14  July,  1862,  to  1  Sept.,  1862.     Robert  B.  Brown,  1  Sept., 

1862,  to  6  Dec.,  1862.     Anson  D.  Sawyer,  1  Jan.,  1863,  to  3  Nov., 
1864.    Edwin  A.  Howes,  3  Nov.,  1864,  to  the  end. 


THE  COLORS  AND  THEIR  BEARERS.      511 


IV. 

• 

THE    COLORS    AND    THEIR    BEARERS. 


I.  The  United- States  Colors,  presented  by  the  ladies  whose  names 
are  given  on  page  27.     This  was  the  battle-flag,  used  only  in  action, 
and  carried  in  every  engagement  except  Winchester.     The  tassels 
were  shot  off  at  Cedar  Mountain.     Its  staff  was  shot  in  two  at  Antie- 
tam,  and  given  to  Mrs.  William  D wight.     The  new  staff  was  presented 
by  Miss  Fannie  Mudge.     That  staff  was  shot  into  fragments  at  Gettys 
burg,  and  a  new  one  was  given  by  Misses  Marie  Louisa  Mudge  and 
Feroline  P.  Fox.     No  hostile  hand  ever  touched  this  flag,  and  it  never 
knew  dishonor.     It  has  been  in  Rhode  Island,  New  York,  New  Jer 
sey,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland,  District  of  Columbia,  Ohio, 
Indiana,  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Alabama,  Georgia,    South  Carolina, 
North  Carolina,  Virginia,  and  West  Virginia ;  on  Long  Island  Sound, 
Chesapeake  Bay,  the  Potomac,  and  the  Atlantic  Ocean.     It  now  rests 
at  the  State  House,  with  no  names  of  battles  upon  it. 

II.  The  State  Flag,   presented  by  the   ladies   whose    names    are 
given  on  page  28.     It  was  never  carried  in  action,  and  is  now  at  the 
State  House. 

III.  The  State  Flag,  white,  furnished  by  the  State,  and  carried 
only  on  drill.     It  is  now  at  the  State  House. 

IV.  The  United-States  Colors,  presented  by  the  ladies  of  Harper's 
Ferry,  as  recorded  on  page  40.     It  was  carried  on  drill,  &c.,  and  in 
the  battle  of  Winchester.     It  was  reserved  as  private  property. 

V.  The  Garrison  Storm-Flag,  of  bunting,  hoisted  in  various  camps. 
It  floated  in  Massachusetts,  District  of  Columbia,  Maryland,  Virginia, 
Tennessee,  Georgia,  South  Carolina,  and  North  Carolina. 


512  SECOND   MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY, 


COLOR-SERGEANTS. 

Hans  G.  Christensen,  Co.  K,  28  June,  1861,  to  14  Oct.,  1861,  when 
discharged  for  disability. 

Samuel  R.  Phillips,  Co.  A,  14  Oct.,  1861,  to  13  Feb.,  1862. 

George  H.  Willis,  Co.  I,  13  Feb.,  1862,  to  4  July,  1862.  He  carried 
the  colors  at  Winchester. 

John  F.  George,  Co.  A,  4  July,  1862,  to  . .  Sept.,  1862.  He  carried 
the  colors  at  Cedar  Mountain,  and  was. promoted  to  be  second  lieu 
tenant,  to  date  the  day  following. 

Francis  Lundy,  Co.  B,  .  .  Sept.,  1862,  to  .  .  Oct.,  1862.  He  carried 
the  colors  at  Antie tarn,  and  was  afterwards  promoted  to  be  second 
lieutenant. 

Edwin  A.  Howes,  Co.  F,  .  .  Oct.,  1862,  to  8  Dec.,  1862. 

Alonzo  Griswold,  Co.  B,  8  Dec.,  1862,  to 1863. 

Leavitt  C.  Durgin,  Co.  A,  28  Feb.,  1863,  to  3  July,  1863.  He  carried 
the  colors  at  Chancellorsville  (in  part),  Beverly  Ford,  and  Gettys 
burg,  where  he  was  killed  in  action. 

Rupert'j.  Sadler,  Co.  D,  color-corporal,  took  the  colors  temporarily  at 
Chancellorsville,  and  also  at  Gettysburg,  where  he  was  killed  in 
action. 

Stephen  Cody,  private  in  Co.  I,  took  the  colors  at  Gettysburg,  and 
was  killed  in  action. 

James  Hobbs,  Co.  I,  color-corporal,  took  the  colors  at  Gettysburg, 
and  was  wounded  in  action. 

James  Murphy,  Co.  C,  color-corporal ;  took  the  colors  at  Gettysburg, 
and  carried  them  to  the  close  of  the  action. 

Charles  Whitney,  Co.  E,  17  July,  1863,  to  23  May,  1864,  when  mus 
tered  out.  He  carried  the  colors  at  Resaca. 

Thomas  Johnson,  Co.  B,  2  June,  1864,  to  25  June,  1865.  He  carried 
the  colors  into  Atlanta,  to  Savannah,  and  through  the  Carolinas, 
including  the  battle  of  Averysborough. 

Pardon  L.  Crosby,  Co.  F,  25  June,  1865,  to  the  end  of  service. 


THE    REGIMENTAL    BAND.  513 


V. 

THE     REGIMENTAL     BAND. 


Spiegel,  Charles,  leader.  —  See  Non- Commissioned  Staff. 

Burnham,  Robert  W.,  jun.     ..     Essex,  Mass.  —  Engineer.     Essex. — 

Re-enlisted  in  band  of  the  Brigade. 

Clark,  John.     31.     Gloucester,  Mass.     Teamster.     Gloucester. 
Cook,  Jerry  C.     27.     Reading,  Mass.     Cabinetmaker.     Reading. 
De  la  Fontaine,  Jose.     28.     Brussels,  Belgium.     Cooper.     Roxbury. 
De  la  Fontaine,  Victor.     20.     Brussels,  Belgium.     Cooper.    Roxbury. 
Elwell,  George,  jun.    .  .    Gloucester,  Mass.     Printer.     Gloucester. — 

Re-enlisted  in  band  of  the  Brigade. 
Fisher,  John  S.    40.    Maiden,  Mass.    Currier.    Maiden.  —  Discharged 

for  disability,  3  June,  1862. 

Hinman,  Lucius  S.     32.     Derby,  Vt.     Shoemaker.     Holliston. 
Lord,  Jacob  S.     23.     Gloucester,  Mass.     Shoemaker.     Gloucester. 
Loud,  Francis  P.     29.     Weymouth,  Mass.     Bootmaker.     Quincy. 
Mess,  Joseph.     20.     Gloucester,  Mass.     Skilmaker.     Gloucester. 
Nutting,  Abel.     22.     Lisbon,  Me.     Stonecutter.     Quincy. 
Pearce,   David  P.     18.     Gloucester,    Mass.     Carver.     Gloucester. — 

Discharged  for  disability,  19  Dec.,  1861.     Subsequently  enlisted  in 

8th  Mass.,  and  died  in  service. 
Perry,  Reuben.     23.     Gloucester,  Mass.     Blacksmith.    Gloucester. — 

Re-enlisted  in  band  of  the  Brigade. 

Proven,  Charles.     27.     Upper  Stevviack,  N.S.     Shoemaker.    Reading. 
Rawson,    Charles   E.     36.     Natick,   Mass.      Shoemaker.     Natick.— 

Taken  prisoner,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain,  and  was  not 

exchanged  until  after  the  date  of  muster-out. 
Smeath,  William.     26.     Exeter,  England.     Embosser.    Amesbury. — 

Taken  prisoner,  9  Aug.,  1862,  at  Cedar  Mountain,  and  was  not 

exchanged  until  after  the  date  of  muster-out. 
Thompson,  Charles  E.     28.     Standish,  Me.     Carpenter.     Maiden. 
Travis,  Daniel  F.     35.     Holliston,  Mass.     Boot-finisher.     Holliston. 


514      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Twitchell,  Reuben  A.  22.  Dublin,  N.H.  Cabinetmaker.  Boston. 
—  Re-enlisted  in  band  of  the  Brigade. 

Walker,  Charles  R.  23.  South  Reading,  Mass.  Shoemaker.  Read 
ing. —  Discharged  for  disability,  12  July,  1861,  at  general  hospital. 

Watson,  Benjamin.     44.     Durham,  N.H.     Stonecutter.     Quincy. 

Wing,  Neil.    27.     Gloucester,  Mass.     Shoemaker.     Gloucester. 

The  dates  of  enlistment  were  all  reckoned  as  25  May,  1861.  In 
addition  to  excellent  music,  the  members  of  the  band  rendered  good 
service  at  Cedar  Mountain,  in  removing  the  wounded  from  the  field 
of  battle,  in  which  two  of  their  number  were  taken  prisoners. 

An  Act  of  Congress  discharged  all  regimental  bands  16  Aug.,  1862 ; 
but  this  band  actually  served  until  8  Sept.,  1862,  such  members  only 
excepted  as  are  mentioned  in  the  above  list.  Several  members  re- 
enlisted  in  the  brigade  band  (authorized  by  the  same  Act),  which  was 
raised  in  Massachusetts,  joined  for  duty  at  Stafford  Court-House,  Va., 
early  in  1863,  and  served  to  the  end  of  the  war. 


NATIVITIES. 

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THE    ENLISTED    MEN    ACCOUNTED    FOR. 


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SECOND .  MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 


COMMISSIONED    OFFICERS    ACCOUNTED    FOR. 


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1 

0 

2 

0 

0 

1 

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0 

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1 

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2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

2 

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0 

0 

5 

1 

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0 

1 

7 

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0 

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2 

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0 

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0 

1 

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7 

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0 

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4 

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2 

15 

26 

- 

3 

5 

32 

4 

1 

9 

4 

29 

87 

— 

GENERAL    SUMMARY. 

BY  CASUALTIES  IN  ACTION.  —  Killed,  119;  died  of  wounds,  71; 
discharged  on  account  of  wounds,  115;  to  Invalid  Corps,  wounded, 
29 ;  wounded,  mustered  out,  55.  Total,  389. 

BY  DISEASE  OR  ACCIDENT. — Died,  84;  drowned,  4;  discharged 
for  disability,  269  ;  to  Invalid  Corps,  on  account  of  disease,  35 ;  absent, 
sick,  when  mustered  out,  62.  Total,  454. 

BY  DISCHARGE  FOR  PROMOTION,  34. 

BY  RESIGNATION  OF  OFFICERS  AND  TRANSFERS  OR  ORDERS  OF 
WAR  DEPARTMENT.  —  Officers  resigned,  4 ;  men  transferred  to  other 
regiments,  2;  to  gunboats,  15;  enlisted  in,  or  transferred  to,  regular 
army,  25 ;  discharged  by  War  Department,  39.  Total,  85. 

BY  DESERTION,  &c.  —  Deserted,  2i4;  dropped  from  the  rolls,  6; 
dischirged  as  minors,  7.  Total,  257. 

BY  MUSTER-OUT,  499. 

NOT  ACCOUNTED  FOR  ON  RECORDS,  30.       TOTAL,  1749. 


ADDITIONS    AND    CORRECTIONS. 


523 


ADDITIONS    AND    CORRECTIONS. 

THE   list  of  subscribers   to  the  original   regimental  fund,  men 
tioned  on  page  5,  is  as  follows  :  — 


George  0.  Hovey. 
Bryant  &  Sturgis. 
Nathaniel  Thayer. 
James  Davis,  jun. 
William  S.  Bullard. 
Denny,  Rice,  &  Co. 
George  B.  Cary. 
F.  H.  &  J.  B.  Bradlee. 
S.  Willard  &  Son. 
J.  S.  Warren. 
Joseph  S.  Fay. 
James  Lawrence. 
John  E.  Lodge. 
George  W.  Wales. 
Mrs.  Franklyi  Dexter. 
Henry  Sayles. 
Henry  Sigourney. 
Little,  Brown,  &  Co. 
lasigi,  Goddard,  &  Co. 
Homer  &  Sprague. 
Bayley,  Rollins,  &  Co. 

D.  N.  Spooner. 
Ozias  Goodwin. 

J.  M.  Forbes  &  Co. 

Ticknor  &  Fields. 

John  A.  Lowell. 

Gardner  Brewer. 

-Thomas  G.  Appleton. 

Naylor  &  Co. 

George  B.  Blake. 

James  M.  Beebe. 

Sarah  P.  Pratt. 

Francis  B.  Crowninshield. 

Charles  P.  Curtis. 

J.  M.  Warren. 

George  P.  Upham. 

J.  Huntington  Wolcott. 

Henry  Cabot. 

Mary  A.  Wales. 

John  A.  Blanchard. 

Charles  Amory. 

George  L.  Pratt. 

E.  I).  Peters  &  Co. 
Dana,  Farrar,  &  Hyde. 
J.  B.  Glover. 
Charles  Merriam. 


E.  II.  Eldridge. 
Thomas  Lee. 
Samuel  G.  Ward. 
Richard  S.  Fay. 
J.  Ingersoll  Bowditch. 
Charles  G.  Loring. 
James  Parker. 
Edward  Austin. 
H.  P.  Sturgis  &  Co. 
James  Savage. 
Augustine  Heard,  jun. 
John  C.  Gray. 
Charles  Mifflin. 
George  F.  Parkman. 
David  Sears. 
Foster  &  Taylor. 
Samuel  Win!  well. 
Arthur  Dexter. 
Thomas  Wiggles  worth. 
Samuel  A.  Appleton. 
R.  M.  Mason. 
John  S.  Farlow. 
Henry  Wainwright. 
G.  Howlartd  Shaw. 
Charles  F.  Choatc. 

E.  R.  Mudge. 
William  F.  Weld. 
George  Gardner. 
R.  W.  Hooper. 

S.  R.  Putnam. 
Augustus  Lowell. 
Larkin,  Stackpole,  &  Co. 
Mrs.  T.  G.  Cary. 
Moses  Williams. 
Charles  F.  Adams. 
Josiah  Quincy. 
Moses  Grant. 

F.  W.  Lincoln. 
Israel  Lombard. 
Samuel  Hooper. 
Mrs.  E.  B.  Bowditch. 
William  H.  Swift. 
M.  P.  Grant. 
William  H.  Gardner. 
George  A.  Gardner. 
George  R.  Russell. 


524      SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 

Page  72,  line  12.  Henry  M.  Comey,  then  of  G,  also  fought  all 
through  the  battle,  with  an  Ohio  regiment. 

Page  99,  line  7.     For  grapes  read  cherries. 

Page  121.  About  this  time,  second  lieutenant  T.  B.  Fox,  jun., 
joined  for  duty,  in  command  of  recruits. 

Page  137.     The  second  foot-note  should  be  numbered  2. 

Page  140,  line  13.  Insert  "  Costello,  of  I,  wounded  and  missing." 
For  fifty  read  fifty-one.  In  second  note,  the  losses  of  the  SECOND 
should  read  "  killed,  18  ;  wounded,  61." 

Page  148,  line  28.     For  Sharpsville  read  Sharpsburg. 

Page  150,  line  7.     For  Leesbury  read  Leesburg. 

Page  176,  line  16.     For  seventy  read  twenty. 

Page  182,  line  10.  For  Cady  read  Cody.  Insert  "  Seavers,  of  H." 
Line  13,  insert  "  Hatch,  of  C." 

Page  192,  line  14.     For  Hooper  read  Hooker. 

Page  201,  line  22.  Add  "  Capt.  N.  D.  A.  Sawyer  and  Lieut. 
Thomas  were  in  the  stockade  with  Capt.  Grafton." 

Page  229,  line  15.  For  Bohman  read  Bohonan ;  for  Lawson  read 
Lawtan.  Line  16,  erase  "  Pierson,  of  I." 

Page  241,  line  3.    For  Cothren  read  Coethan. 

Page  259,  line  6.     For  Maun  read  Munn. 

Page  288.     For  XXI.  read  XXII. 

Page  292,  line  2.     Add  "  ami  Lieut.  M.  P.  Eichardson  as  captain." 

Page  388.  Add  to  Jesse  Richardson,  "  wounded  slightly,  17  Sept., 
1862."  Moses  P.  Richardson,  for  "  17  Sept.,  1862,"  read  "  3  May, 
1863." 

Page  421.     Fenner,  "discharged  in  consequence  of  wounds." 

Page  425.     McMullen,  "  discharged  in  consequence  of  wounds." 

Page  481,  line  27.  Captain  Charles  "Wheaton  served  until  May, 
1866.  He  was  brevetted  colonel,  December,  1865. 

Page  494,  line  38.     Captain  C.  P.  Horton,  brevetted  lieut.  colonel. 

Page  498,  line  20.  Captain  Eugene  B.  Shelton  was  post  commis 
sary  at  Port  Hudson  until  March,  1865,  when  he  was  sent  to  Texas ; 
chief  commissary  on  the  Rio  Grande.  Brevet-major,  14  July,  1865. 
Wounded  in  the  left  leg,  13  Nov.,  1863,  at  Port  Hudson.  Dis 
charged  14  July,  1865. 

Coffin,  in  "Four  Years  of  Fighting,"  page  198,  mistakes  a  statement 
in  "  Potomac  and  Rapidan,"  regarding  the  battle  of  Chaneellorsville. 
"  Three  times,"  says  Coffin,  "  the  flag  from  the  old  Bay  State  changed 
hands.  But,  before  the  rebels  could  carry  it  from  the  field,  it  was 
rescued,"  &c.  The  flag  changed  color-bearers  only,  as  they  succes 
sively  fell.  No  rebel  hand  ever  touched  the  battle-flag  on  any  occa- 


I  N  D  E  X 


OF   PRINCIPAL  PLACES  AND   EVENTS. 


A. 

Abercrombie,  Gen.,  in  brigade  of, 

42,  51. 

Additions  and  corrections,  523. 
Alexandria,  Va.,  126, 185, 188, 192, 

281. 
Allatoona  Mountains,    Ga.,    283, 

235. 

Alston's  Ferry,  S.C.,  262. 
Ames,  Gen.,  in  command  of,  175. 
Anderson,  Tenn.,  199. 
Andrew,  Gov.,  address  by,  210. 
Andrews,    Col.,    in    formation   of 

regiment,  5  et  seq. ;  commanding 

regiment,  46,  70  et  seq.,  98-146. 
Antietam,  131  et  seq.,  144,  183. 
Appomattox  River,  Va.,  280. 
Argyle  Island,  S.C.,  253. 
Atlanta,  Ga.,  239  et  seq. 
Averysborough,  N.C.,  268  et  seq. 

B. 

Band,  Regimental,  18,  513. 
Banks,  Gen.,  in  command  of,  41- 

132. 

"  Banks's  Retreat,"  80  et  seq. 
Bartlett,  Gen.,  in  division  of,  282. 
Barton's  Mills,  Va.,  85,  97. 
Bellbuckle,  Tenn.,  198,  200. 
Bentonville,  N.C.,  272. 
Berryville,  Va.,  69,  71. 
Beverly  Ford,  Va.,  122,  175. 
Birthplaces  of  men,  table  of,  515. 


Blackburn's  Ford,  Md.,  144. 

Bladensburg,  Md.,  281. 

Boston,  Mass.,  33,  204. 

Bridgeport,  Tenn.,  223. 

Brandy  Station,  Va.,  121,  192. 

Brown,  Capt.,  commanding  regi 
ment,  245-249. 

Bull  Run,  125,  189,  281. 

Bunker  Hill,  Va.,  37,  96. 

Burnside,  Gen.,  in  army  of,  145- 
152  ;  address  by,  214. 

Burke's  band  destroyed,  145. 

Buzzard's  Roost,  Ga.,  225. 

C. 

Camp  Andrew,  14  et  seq.,  292. 

Cassville,  Ga.,  230. 

Casualties  in  action,  table  of,  517- 
519. 

Cedar  Creek,  83. 

Cedar  Mountain,  105  et  seq.,  190. 

Chancellorsville,  156  et  seq.,  281. 

Chantilly,  Va.,  125. 

Charlestown,  Va.,  38,  67. 

Chattahoochie  River,  Ga.,  240,  242. 

Cheraw,  S.C.,  265. 

Chickamauga,  223. 

Christian  Commission,  154,  219. 

Christiana,  Tenn.,  193,  200. 

Cogswell,  Col.,  commanding  regi 
ment,  143-152,  184-256  ;  post  at 
Tullahoma,  219;  post,  Atlanta, 
243 ;  brigade  in  Third  Division, 
256. 


526 


SECOND    MASSACHUSETTS    INFANTRY. 


Colgrove,  Col.,  Twenty-seventh 
Indiana,  70;  biographical  note, 
249. 

Colors,  24-30,  40,  41,  292,  611. 

Color-sergeants,  512. 

Columbia,  S.C.,  262. 

Commissioned  officers.  See  Offi 
cers. 

Companies  raised  and  in  camp, 
11-17;  lists  of  men,  — A,  298- 
312,  431-437  ;  B,  312-325,  437- 
441;  C,  325-338,  442-444;  D, 
339-351,  445-448;  E,  352-364, 
448-452;  F,  365-376,  453-456; 
G, 376-391, 456-46 1 ; H,  39 1-404, 
461-464;  I,  404-417,  464-468; 
K,  417-430,  468-471. 

Conrad's  Ferry,  Md.,  51. 

Corrections,  524. 

Cox's  Bridge,  N.C.,  273. 

Crawford,  Gen.,  commanding  divi 
sion,  100,  135. 

Culpeper,  Va.,  104,  120. 


D. 

Dallas,  Ga.,  233. 

Darnestown,  46  et  seq. 

Davisboro'  Station,  Ga.,  251. 

Decherd,  Tenn.,  196,  199,  222. 

Dwiglit,  Major,  in  formation  of 
regiment,  3  ct  seq. ;  commanding 
regiment,  82;  rear-guard,  86; 
death,  139. 


E. 


Edenburg,  Va.,  74. 
Edwards's  Ferry,  Md.,  51,  177. 
Elk  River,  Tenn.,  198,  201. 
Enlisted  men,  lists  of,  first  term, 

295-430  ;  second  term,  431-474 ; 

accounted  for,  table,  520. 
Enlistment,  first  term  expired,  231. 


F. 


Fairfax,  Va.,  125,  126,  150,  176, 

177,  179,  281. 

Fayetteville,  N.C  ,  266,  267. 
Field  and  Staff,  list  of,  509. 
Fox,  Rev.  T.  B.,  visit  of,  202. 


Frederick,  Md.,  60  et  seq.,  130, 177, 

183. 

Freemason's  Lodge,  61. 
Fund,  regimental,  5,  10,  235. 
Furlough  to  re-enlisted  men,  204. 


G. 


Germanna  Ford,  Va.,  157. 

Gettysburg,  178  et  seq. 

Goldsborough,  N.C.,  273. 

Gordon,  Col.,  raising  and  com 
manding  regiment,  1-98 ;  brig 
ade,  46,  47,  70-154;  division, 
•  139  ;  post  of  Harper's  Ferry,  38. 

Grant,  Gen.,  in  command  of,  219 
et  seq. 

Greene,  Gen.,  commanding  brig 
ade,  93. 


H. 

Hamilton,  Gen.,  in  command  of, 

51. 

Hardeeville,  S.C.,  258. 
Harrisonburg,  Va.,  76. 
Harper's  Ferry,  38,  67,  149,  192. 
Hawley,  Gen.,  in  brigade  of,  254- 

282. 

Hillard,  G.  S.,  address  by,  28. 
Hooker,  Gen.,  in  command  of,  152- 

177,  192-241. 
Hyattstown,  Md.,  46. 


I. 


Indianapolis,  Ind.,  193,  204,  218. 
Indiana,  Twenty-seventh,  in  brig 
ade,  70. 

J. 

Johnston's  surrender,  279. 


K. 

Kelley's  Ford,  Va.,  157, 184,  190. 
Kenesaw,  237,  238. 
Kernstown,  Va.,  86  et  seq. 
Kettle  Run,  Va.,  123,  189. 
Kingston,  Ga.,  233,  235. 


INDEX. 


527 


L. 

Leesburg,  Va.,  150, 177. 
Lincoln,  Mayor,  address  by,  209. 
Little  Washington,  Va.,  102. 
Lost  Mountain,  Ga.,  236. 
Louisville,  Ky.,  193,  204,  218. 


M. 

Manassas,  123,  189. 

Mansfield,  Gen.,  in  corps  of,  132- 

135. 

Marietta,  Ga.,  239. 
Martinsburg,  Va.,  85,  90,  192. 
Maryland  Heights,  42,  143,  184. 
Massanutten  Gap,  Va.,  77. 
Meade,  Gen.,  in  army  of,  177-192. 
McLellan,  Gen.,  in  army  of,  127- 

145. 

Middletown,  Md.,  131,  183. 
Middletown,  Va.,  83. 
Milledgeville,  Ga.,  250. 
Millen,  Ga.,  252. 
Morell,  Gen.,  in  division  of,  145. 
.Morse,    Lieut.-Col.,   commanding 

regiment,  181,  231-239,  256  et 

seq. 

Motley,  J.  L.,  address  by,  24. 
Mount  Jackson,  Va.,  75. 
Mower,  Gen.,  in  corps  of,  276. 
Mudge,  Lieut.-Col.,  commanding 

regiment,  152,  173;  death,  180. 


N. 


Narrow  Pass,  Va.,  74. 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  193,  204,  218. 
New-Hope  Church,  Ga.,  233,  236. 
Newmarket,  Va.,  76. 
Newtown,  Va.,  84. 
New- York   City,   34,   185  et  sea., 

290. 

Nickajack  Cave,  223 ;  trace,  225. 
Non-commissioned  staff.  See  Staff. 


O. 

Officers,  commissioned,  5,  6,  11- 
18,  21, 22, 50, 64,  65,  94, 120, 148, 
153,  174,  248,  259,  282,  291 ;  list 
of,  and  sketches,  475 ;  accounted 


for,  table,  522;  field,  509;  staff 
(see  Staff). 
Otis,  Mrs.  H.  G.  supplies  from,  54. 


P. 


Patterson,  Gen.,  in  command  of, 
35-39. 

Patterson's  campaign,  33  et  seq. 

Peach-Tree  Creek,  Ga.,  240. 

Perrysburg,  S.C.,  258. 

Phalen,  Capt,  commanding  regi 
ment,  277. 

Pine  Mountain,  Ga.,  236. 

Pope,  Gen.,  in  army  of,  100  et  seq. 

Pumpkin- Vine  Creek,  Ga.,  233. 

Q. 

Quincy,  Col.,  commanding  regi 
ment,  152-173. 

E. 

Raccoon  Creek,  Ga.,  236. 

Raccoon  Ford,  Va.,  191. 

Raleigh,  N.C.,  277-279. 

Rappahannock  Station,  Va.,  121, 
185. 

Readville,  Mass.,  291. 

Recruiting  offices,  7,  10. 

Recruits,  49,  121,  233,  239,  242, 
248. 

Re-enlistments,  202. 

Regiment  proposed,  1 ;  raised  and 
organized,  5-21 ;  forwarded,  31, 
32 ;  brigaded,  44,  46,  47,  70,  93, 
282;  in  division,  47,  282;  in 
corps,  70 ;  in  Division  of  the 
Shenandoah,  41 ;  in  Army  of 
Virginia,  100 ;  in  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  127  ;  in  Army  of  the 
Cumberland,  195 ;  in  Army  of 
Georgia,  276  ;  in  Division  of  the 
District  of  Washington,  282; 
mustered  out,  288  ;  reached 
Readville,  291 ;  discharged,  292. 

Regimental  Aid  Association,  56. 

Resaca,  Ga.,  226  et  seq. 

Rice,  H.  A.,  assistance  by,  59. 

Richmond,  Va.,  280. 

Robertville,  S.C.,  259. 

Rockville,  Md.,  128. 

Rocky  Face,  Ga.,  225. 


528 


SECOND  MASSACHUSETTS  INFANTRY. 


Rosecrans,  Gen.,  in  army  of,  194- 

199. 
Ruger,Gen.,  commanding  brigade, 

143, 154-247 ;  biographical  note, 

154. 


Senders ville,  Ga.,  251. 
Sandy  Hook,  Mel.,  67,  184. 
Sanitary    Commission,    154,    193, 

276. 

Savannah,  Ga.,  252  et  seq. 
Scott,  Lieut.-Gen.,  order  of,  31. 
Seneca  Creek,  Md.,  51. 
Sergeants,  First,  18,  19. 
Shelby  ville,  Tenn.,  197. 
Sherman,  Gen.,  in  army  of,  220 

et  seq. 
Sigel,  Gen.,  in  Grand  Division  of, 

151. 

Sister's  Ferry,  S.C.  259. 
Slocum,   Gen.,  in  corps  of,   141- 

221,    243  et  seq.  ;    biographical 

note,  144. 

Smyrna  Church,  Ga,,  239. 
Snake-Creek  Gap,  Ga.,  226. 
Snicker's  Ferry,  Va.,  70. 
South  Mountain,  Md.,  131. 
Spottsylvania,  Va.,  281. 
Staff,  commissioned,    11,    17,   18, 

50,  97,  147,  153,  174,  242,  248, 

259,  509. 

Staif,  non-commissioned,  18,  472. 
Stafford,  C.H.,  Va.,  152,  172. 
Stevenson,  Ala.,  193. 
Strasburg,  Va.,  73,  78,  81. 
Summary  of  officers  and  men,  522. 
Sumner,    Gen.,   in   command    of, 

128. 
Supplies  from  friends,  54-59. 


T. 

Taylor's  Ridge,  Ga.,  225. 
Thanksgiving  Day,  52,  146,  201, 

251. 

Thomas,  Gen.,  in  army  of,  199. 
Ticknor,  Mrs.,  supplies  from,  55. 
Tullahoma,  Tenn.,  197,  198,  218- 

222. 

U. 

United-  States  Ford,  Va.,  167,  171, 
281. 


Warrenton,  Va.,  99. 
Washington,  D.C.,  192,  281  etseq. 
Waterloo  Bridge,  Va.,  122. 
Williams,  Gen.  A.  S.,  command 

ing  brigade,  47  ;    division,    70  ; 

corps,   128,   135,  241-276;    bio 

graphical  note,  48. 
Williamsport,  Md.,  34,  90,  92,  184. 
Winchester,  Va.,  69,  72,  87  et  seq., 

96. 

Winnsborough,  S.C.,  263. 
Wisconsin  1  hird,  in  brigade,  70  ; 

parting,  282. 

Wolf-Run  Shoals,  Va.,  151. 
Woodstock,  Va.,  73. 


X. 

Xenia,  Ohio,  193. 

Z. 

Zouaves  d'Afrique,  100,  111. 


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